Document
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 FORM 10-Q
ý
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018
or
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
For the transition period from                                        to
Commission File Number: 001-34139
primarylogoa02.jpg
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Federally chartered
 
52-0904874
 
8200 Jones Branch Drive
 
22102-3110
 
(703) 903-2000
corporation
 
 
McLean, Virginia
 
 
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
 
(Registrant’s telephone number,
including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    ý Yes    ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    ý Yes    ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer  ý
 
 
 
Accelerated filer  ¨
 
Non-accelerated filer  ¨
 
Smaller reporting company  ¨
 
Emerging growth company  ¨
 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  ý
As of October 16, 2018, there were 650,058,775 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents
 
Page
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
n    Introduction
n    Key Economic Indicators
n    Consolidated Results of Operations
n    Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis
n    Our Business Segments
n    Risk Management
n    Liquidity and Capital Resources
n    Conservatorship and Related Matters
n    Regulation and Supervision
n    Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
n    Forward-Looking Statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
OTHER INFORMATION
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
EXHIBIT INDEX
SIGNATURES
FORM 10-Q INDEX

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
i
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Introduction

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements that are based on current expectations and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this Form 10-Q. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Form 10-Q. Actual results might differ significantly from those described in or implied by such statements due to various factors and uncertainties, including those described in the Forward-Looking Statements sections of this Form 10-Q, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, or 2017 Annual Report, and our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the first and second quarters of 2018, and the Business and Risk Factors sections of our 2017 Annual Report.
Throughout this Form 10-Q, we use certain acronyms and terms that are defined in the Glossary of our 2017 Annual Report.
You should read the following MD&A in conjunction with our 2017 Annual Report and our condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 included in Financial Statements. Throughout this Form 10-Q, we refer to the three months ended September 30, 2018, the three months ended June 30, 2018, the three months ended March 31, 2018, the three months ended December 31, 2017 and the three months ended September 30, 2017 as "3Q 2018," "2Q 2018," "1Q 2018," "4Q 2017" and "3Q 2017," respectively. We refer to the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as "YTD 2018" and "YTD 2017," respectively.
INTRODUCTION
Freddie Mac is a GSE chartered by Congress in 1970. Our public mission is to provide liquidity, stability and affordability to the U.S. housing market. We do this primarily by purchasing residential mortgage loans originated by lenders. In most instances, we package these loans into mortgage-related securities, which are guaranteed by us and sold in the global capital markets. We also invest in mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities. We do not originate loans or lend money directly to mortgage borrowers.
We support the U.S. housing market and the overall economy by enabling America’s families to access mortgage loan funding with better terms and by providing consistent liquidity to the multifamily mortgage market. We have helped many distressed borrowers keep their homes or avoid foreclosure. We are working with FHFA, our customers and the industry to build a better housing finance system for the nation.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
1
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Introduction

Business Results
Portfolio Balances
Guarantee Portfolios

chart-e0764340caeb53a2974.jpg
 
Investments Portfolios

chart-b96a8dc30dcd5e9ebf3.jpg


Total Guarantee Portfolio
n
Our total guarantee portfolio grew $117 billion, or 6%, from September 30, 2017 to September 30, 2018, driven by a 4% increase in our single-family credit guarantee portfolio and a 23% increase in our multifamily guarantee portfolio.
l
The growth in our single-family credit guarantee portfolio was primarily driven by an increase in U.S. single-family mortgage debt outstanding as a result of continued home price appreciation. New business acquisitions had a higher average loan size compared to older vintages that continued to run off.
l
The growth in our multifamily guarantee portfolio was primarily driven by strong multifamily market fundamentals, coupled with the growth in our share of new business volume due to our strategic pricing efforts and an increase in purchase activity associated with certain targeted loans in underserved markets.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
2
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Introduction

Total Investments Portfolio
n
Our total investments portfolio declined $38 billion, or 11%, from September 30, 2017 to September 30, 2018, primarily due to repayments and the active disposition of less liquid assets.
l
We continue to reduce the mortgage-related investments portfolio as required by the Purchase Agreement and FHFA.
Consolidated Financial Results
Comprehensive income was $2.6 billion in 3Q 2018, compared to $4.7 billion in 3Q 2017.
Key Drivers:
n
Continued reduction in the balance of our mortgage-related investments portfolio, partially offset by continued growth in our single-family credit guarantee portfolio, resulted in lower net interest income.
n
Shift to benefit for credit losses in 3Q 2018, from a provision for credit losses in 3Q 2017, driven by estimated losses from hurricane activity in 3Q 2017 that increased the provision for credit losses in that period.
n
Recognition of $4.5 billion in proceeds received in 3Q 2017 from a settlement with the Royal Bank of Scotland plc (RBS) related to certain of our non-agency mortgage related securities. We did not have any significant settlements in 3Q 2018.
n
Reduction in the statutory corporate income tax rate resulted in lower income tax expense.
Our total equity was $5.6 billion at September 30, 2018. Because our net worth was positive, we are not requesting a draw from Treasury under the Purchase Agreement for 3Q 2018. Based on our Net Worth Amount at September 30, 2018 of $5.6 billion and the applicable Capital Reserve Amount of $3.0 billion, we will have a dividend requirement to Treasury in December 2018 of $2.6 billion.
Our cumulative senior preferred stock dividend payments totaled $114.0 billion as of September 30, 2018. Under the Purchase Agreement the payment of dividends does not reduce the outstanding liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock, which remains at $75.6 billion. In addition, the amount of available funding remaining under the Purchase Agreement is $140.2 billion and will be reduced by any future draws.
Conservatorship and Government Support for Our Business
Since September 2008, we have been operating in conservatorship, with FHFA as our Conservator. The conservatorship and related matters significantly affect our management, business activities, financial condition and results of operations. Our future is uncertain, and the conservatorship has no specified termination date. We do not know what changes may occur to our business model during or following conservatorship, including whether we will continue to exist.
Our Purchase Agreement with Treasury and the terms of the senior preferred stock we issued to Treasury also affect our business activities. Our ability to access funds from Treasury under the Purchase Agreement is critical to keeping us solvent and avoiding the appointment of a receiver by FHFA under statutory mandatory receivership provisions. We believe that the support provided by Treasury pursuant to the Purchase Agreement currently enables us to have adequate liquidity to conduct normal business activities.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
3
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Introduction

Treasury, as the holder of the senior preferred stock, is entitled to receive cumulative quarterly cash dividends, when, as and if declared by the Conservator, acting as successor to the rights, titles, powers and privileges of our Board of Directors. The dividends we have paid to Treasury on the senior preferred stock have been declared by, and paid at the direction of, the Conservator.
Under the August 2012 amendment to the Purchase Agreement, our dividend requirement each quarter is the amount, if any, by which our Net Worth Amount at the end of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter, less the applicable Capital Reserve Amount, exceeds zero. Pursuant to the December 2017 Letter Agreement, the Capital Reserve Amount is $3.0 billion. If for any reason we were not to pay our dividend requirement on the senior preferred stock in full in any future period, the unpaid amount would be added to the liquidation preference and our applicable Capital Reserve Amount would thereafter be zero, but this would not affect our ability to draw funds from Treasury under the Purchase Agreement.




Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
4
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Key Economic Indicators | Single-Family Home Prices


KEY ECONOMIC INDICATORS
The following graphs and related discussions present certain macroeconomic indicators that can significantly affect our business and financial results.
Single-Family Home Prices
National Home Prices
chart-5a05f7b920095210821.jpg
Commentary
n
Home prices continued to appreciate, increasing by 0.2% and 1.0% during 3Q 2018 and 3Q 2017, respectively, and by 5.7% and 7.0% during YTD 2018 and YTD 2017, respectively, based on our own non-seasonally adjusted price index of single-family homes funded by loans owned or guaranteed by us or Fannie Mae.
n
We expect home price growth will continue in 2019, although at a slower pace than in 2018, due to a gradual increase in housing supply and a moderate increase in mortgage interest rates.
n
Increases in home prices typically result in lower delinquency rates and lower loss severity, which generally reduce estimated credit losses on our total mortgage portfolio.
n
Higher single-family home prices may also contribute to an increase in potential multifamily renters.



Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
5
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Key Economic Indicators | Interest Rates

Interest Rates
Key Market Interest Rates
chart-9a782aa6bc905d879d7.jpg chart-b95904db50c3545bb6e.jpg
Commentary
n
The quarterly ending and quarterly average 30-year Primary Mortgage Market Survey ("PMMS") interest rates were higher at September 30, 2018 than September 30, 2017. Increases in the PMMS rate typically result in decreases in refinance activity and U.S. single-family loan originations.
n
The 10-year LIBOR and 2-year LIBOR quarterly ending interest rates had larger fluctuations during the 2018 periods than during the 2017 periods. Changes in the 10-year and 2-year LIBOR interest rates affect the fair value of certain of our assets and liabilities, including derivatives, measured at fair value. A larger interest rate fluctuation from period to period generally results in larger fair value gains and losses, while a smaller fluctuation from period to period generally results in smaller fair

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
6
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Key Economic Indicators | Interest Rates

value gains and losses. In addition, the GAAP accounting treatment for our financial assets and liabilities (i.e., some are measured at amortized cost, while others are measured at fair value) creates variability in our GAAP earnings when interest rates change. We elect hedge accounting for certain assets and liabilities in an effort to reduce our GAAP earnings variability and better align our GAAP results with the economics of our business.
n
The quarterly ending and quarterly average short-term interest rates, as indicated by the 3-month LIBOR rate, were higher at September 30, 2018 than September 30, 2017. An increase in short-term interest rates generally increases the interest earned on our short-term investments and interest expense on our short-term funding.
n
For additional information on the effect of LIBOR rates on our financial results, see Our Business Segments - Capital Markets - Market Conditions.





Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
7
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Key Economic Indicators | Unemployment Rate

Unemployment Rate
Unemployment Rate and Job Creation(1) 
chart-5c2e8d0ea74257b591b.jpg
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(1) Excludes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Commentary
n
Average monthly net new jobs (non-farm) were higher in 3Q 2018 than 3Q 2017.
n
The national unemployment rate was lower in 3Q 2018 than 3Q 2017, and in September 2018, declined to the lowest rate since December 1969.
n
Changes in monthly net new jobs and the national unemployment rate can affect several housing market factors, including the demand for both single-family and multifamily housing and the level of loan delinquencies. For example, decreases in the national unemployment rate typically result in lower levels of delinquencies, which generally result in a decrease in estimated credit losses on our total mortgage portfolio.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
8
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Consolidated Results of Operations


CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read this discussion of our consolidated results of operations in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.
The table below compares our summarized consolidated results of operations.
 
 
 
 
 
Change
 
 
 
 
Change
(Dollars in millions)
 
3Q 2018
3Q 2017
 
$
%
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
 
$
%
Net interest income
 

$3,257


$3,489

 

($232
)
(7
)%
 

$9,278


$10,663

 

($1,385
)
(13
)%
Benefit (provision) for credit losses
 
380

(716
)
 
1,096

153

 
377

(178
)
 
555

312

Net interest income after benefit (provision) for credit losses
 
3,637

2,773

 
864

31

 
9,655

10,485

 
(830
)
(8
)
Non-interest income (loss):
 
 
 
 




 
 
 
 




Gains (losses) on extinguishment of debt
 
146

27

 
119

441

 
403

295

 
108

37

Derivative gains (losses)
 
728

(678
)
 
1,406

207

 
2,974

(2,076
)
 
5,050

243

Net impairment of available-for-sale securities recognized in earnings
 
(2
)
(1
)
 
(1
)
(100
)
 
(3
)
(17
)
 
14

82

Other gains (losses) on investment securities recognized in earnings
 
(441
)
723

 
(1,164
)
(161
)
 
(1,021
)
840

 
(1,861
)
(222
)
Other income (loss)
 
394

5,403

 
(5,009
)
(93
)
 
1,526

6,512

 
(4,986
)
(77
)
Total non-interest income (loss)
 
825

5,474

 
(4,649
)
(85
)
 
3,879

5,554

 
(1,675
)
(30
)
Non-interest expense:
 
 
 
 




 
 
 
 




Administrative expense
 
(569
)
(524
)
 
(45
)
(9
)
 
(1,647
)
(1,548
)
 
(99
)
(6
)
REO operations expense
 
(38
)
(35
)
 
(3
)
(9
)
 
(87
)
(128
)
 
41

32

Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of 2011 expense
 
(375
)
(339
)
 
(36
)
(11
)
 
(1,100
)
(990
)
 
(110
)
(11
)
Other expense
 
(218
)
(159
)
 
(59
)
(37
)
 
(619
)
(361
)
 
(258
)
(71
)
Total non-interest expense
 
(1,200
)
(1,057
)
 
(143
)
(14
)
 
(3,453
)
(3,027
)
 
(426
)
(14
)
Income (loss) before income tax (expense) benefit
 
3,262

7,190

 
(3,928
)
(55
)
 
10,081

13,012

 
(2,931
)
(23
)
Income tax (expense) benefit
 
(556
)
(2,519
)
 
1,963

78

 
(1,946
)
(4,466
)
 
2,520

56

Net income (loss)
 
2,706

4,671

 
(1,965
)
(42
)
 
8,135

8,546

 
(411
)
(5
)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes and reclassification adjustments
 
(147
)
(21
)
 
(126
)
(600
)
 
(991
)
324

 
(1,315
)
(406
)
Comprehensive income (loss)
 

$2,559


$4,650

 

($2,091
)
(45
)%
 

$7,144


$8,870

 

($1,726
)
(19
)%

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
9
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Consolidated Results of Operations | Net Interest Income

Net Interest Income
Net Interest Yield Analysis
The tables below present an analysis of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
 
 
3Q 2018
 
3Q 2017
(Dollars in millions)
 
Average
Balance
Interest
Income
(Expense)(1)
Average
Rate
 
Average
Balance
Interest
Income
(Expense)(1)
Average
Rate
Interest-earning assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 

$7,114


$15

0.84
 %
 

$10,064


$14

0.53
 %
Securities purchased under agreements to resell
 
45,412

235

2.07

 
57,107

166

1.16

Advances to lenders and other secured lending
 
1,626

11

2.48

 
804

5

2.51

Mortgage-related securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-related securities
 
143,113

1,495

4.18

 
159,640

1,572

3.94

Extinguishment of PCs held by Freddie Mac
 
(89,976
)
(885
)
(3.93
)
 
(85,198
)
(811
)
(3.81
)
Total mortgage-related securities, net
 
53,137

610

4.60

 
74,442

761

4.09

Non-mortgage-related securities
 
24,799

145

2.33

 
15,127

60

1.62

Loans held by consolidated trusts(1)
 
1,804,347

15,759

3.49

 
1,731,577

14,617

3.38

Loans held by Freddie Mac(1)
 
97,456

1,028

4.22

 
117,298

1,250

4.26

Total interest-earning assets
 
2,033,891

17,803

3.50

 
2,006,419

16,873

3.37

Interest-bearing liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities of consolidated trusts including PCs held by Freddie Mac
 
1,832,707

(13,712
)
(2.99
)
 
1,755,578

(12,663
)
(2.89
)
Extinguishment of PCs held by Freddie Mac
 
(89,976
)
885

3.93

 
(85,198
)
811

3.81

Total debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties
 
1,742,731

(12,827
)
(2.94
)
 
1,670,380

(11,852
)
(2.84
)
Other debt:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term debt
 
69,435

(361
)
(2.04
)
 
68,868

(173
)
(0.99
)
Long-term debt
 
212,256

(1,358
)
(2.54
)
 
259,075

(1,359
)
(2.08
)
Total other debt
 
281,691

(1,719
)
(2.42
)
 
327,943

(1,532
)
(1.85
)
Total interest-bearing liabilities
 
2,024,422

(14,546
)
(2.87
)
 
1,998,323

(13,384
)
(2.68
)
Impact of net non-interest-bearing funding
 
9,469

—

0.01

 
8,096

—

0.01

Total funding of interest-earning assets
 

$2,033,891


($14,546
)
(2.86
)%
 

$2,006,419


($13,384
)
(2.67
)%
Net interest income/yield
 
 

$3,257

0.64
 %
 
 

$3,489

0.70
 %
(1)
Loan fees, primarily consisting of amortization of upfront fees, included in interest income were $620 million and $634 million for loans held by consolidated trusts and $25 million and $37 million for loans held by Freddie Mac during 3Q 2018 and 3Q 2017, respectively.




Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
10
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Consolidated Results of Operations | Net Interest Income

 
 
YTD 2018
 
YTD 2017
(Dollars in millions)
 
Average
Balance
Interest
Income
(Expense)(1)
Average
Rate
 
Average
Balance
Interest
Income
(Expense)(1)
Average
Rate
Interest-earning assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 

$6,917


$39

0.74
 %
 

$11,417


$38

0.44
 %
Securities purchased under agreements to resell
 
46,743

637

1.82

 
55,903

386

0.92

Advances to lenders and other secured lending
 
1,340

26

2.58

 
651

12

2.42

Mortgage-related securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-related securities
 
145,965

4,571

4.18

 
168,819

4,886

3.86

Extinguishment of PCs held by Freddie Mac
 
(89,861
)
(2,577
)
(3.82
)
 
(87,883
)
(2,456
)
(3.73
)
Total mortgage-related securities, net
 
56,104

1,994

4.74

 
80,936

2,430

4.00

Non-mortgage-related securities
 
18,017

302

2.23

 
18,049

207

1.54

Loans held by consolidated trusts(1)
 
1,789,433

45,908

3.42

 
1,720,906

43,810

3.39

Loans held by Freddie Mac(1)
 
100,382

3,174

4.22

 
119,843

3,870

4.31

Total interest-earning assets
 
2,018,936

52,080

3.44

 
2,007,705
50,753
3.37

Interest-bearing liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities of consolidated trusts including PCs held by Freddie Mac
 
1,816,897

(40,573
)
(2.98
)
 
1,744,260

(38,023
)
(2.91
)
Extinguishment of PCs held by Freddie Mac
 
(89,861
)
2,577

3.82

 
(87,883
)
2,456

3.73

Total debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties
 
1,727,036

(37,996
)
(2.93
)
 
1,656,377

(35,567
)
(2.86
)
Other debt:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term debt
 
63,576

(832
)
(1.73
)
 
72,292

(414
)
(0.76
)
Long-term debt
 
220,820

(3,974
)
(2.39
)
 
270,251

(4,109
)
(2.02
)
Total other debt
 
284,396

(4,806
)
(2.24
)
 
342,543

(4,523
)
(1.75
)
Total interest-bearing liabilities
 
2,011,432

(42,802
)
(2.84
)
 
1,998,920

(40,090
)
(2.67
)
Impact of net non-interest-bearing funding
 
7,504

—

0.01

 
8,785

—

0.01

Total funding of interest-earning assets
 

$2,018,936


($42,802
)
(2.83
)%
 

$2,007,705


($40,090
)
(2.66
)%
Net interest income/yield
 
 

$9,278

0.61
 %
 
 

$10,663

0.71
 %
(1)
Loan fees, primarily consisting of amortization of upfront fees, included in interest income were $1.8 billion and $1.7 billion for loans held by consolidated trusts and $70 million and $132 million for loans held by Freddie Mac during YTD 2018 and YTD 2017, respectively.



Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
11
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Consolidated Results of Operations | Net Interest Income

Components of Net Interest Income
The table below presents the components of net interest income.
 
 
 
 
 
Change
 
 
 
 
Change
(Dollars in millions)
 
3Q 2018
3Q 2017
 
$
%
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
 
$
%
Contractual net interest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guarantee fee income
 

$869


$808

 

$61

8
 %
 

$2,561


$2,495

 

$66

3
 %
Guarantee fee income related to the Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of 2011
 
364

333

 
31

9

 
1,067

974

 
93

10

Other contractual net interest income
 
1,346

1,604

 
(258
)
(16
)
 
4,189

4,900

 
(711
)
(15
)
Total contractual net interest income
 
2,579

2,745

 
(166
)
(6
)
 
7,817

8,369

 
(552
)
(7
)
Net amortization - loans and debt securities of consolidated trusts
 
820

822

 
(2
)
—

 
2,269

2,442

 
(173
)
(7
)
Net amortization - other assets and debt
 
(108
)
(38
)
 
(70
)
(184
)
 
(187
)
(23
)
 
(164
)
(713
)
Hedge accounting impact
 
(34
)
(40
)
 
6

15

 
(621
)
(125
)
 
(496
)
(397
)
Net interest income
 

$3,257


$3,489

 

($232
)
(7
)%
 

$9,278


$10,663

 

($1,385
)
(13
)%
Key Drivers:
n
Guarantee fee income
l
3Q 2018 vs. 3Q 2017 and YTD 2018 vs. YTD 2017 - increased primarily due to the continued growth of the core single-family loan portfolio.
n
Other contractual net interest income
l
3Q 2018 vs. 3Q 2017 and YTD 2018 vs. YTD 2017 - decreased due to the continued reduction in the balance of our mortgage-related investments portfolio pursuant to the portfolio limits established by the Purchase Agreement and FHFA. See Conservatorship and Related Matters - Reducing Our Mortgage-Related Investments Portfolio Over Time for a discussion of the key drivers of the decline in our mortgage-related investments portfolio.
n
Net amortization of loans and debt securities of consolidated trusts
l
YTD 2018 vs. YTD 2017 - decreased primarily due to lower amortization of debt securities of consolidated trusts driven by a decrease in prepayments as a result of higher interest rates, partially offset by an increase in amortization from higher upfront fees on mortgage loans.
n
Net amortization of other assets and debt
l
YTD 2018 vs. YTD 2017 - losses increased primarily due to less accretion on unsecuritized mortgage loans, as certain of those loans were reclassified from held-for-investment to held-for-sale and ceased amortizing, coupled with less accretion of previously recognized other-than-temporary impairments on non-agency mortgage-related securities. The decrease in accretion of other-than-temporary impairments on non-agency mortgage-related securities was due to a decline in the population of impaired securities as a result of our active disposition of these securities and a decline in new other-than-temporary impairments recognized.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
12
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Consolidated Results of Operations | Net Interest Income

n
Hedge accounting impact
l
YTD 2018 vs. YTD 2017 - losses increased primarily due to the inclusion of fair value hedge accounting results within net interest income during the 2018 periods. This activity was included in other income and derivative gains (losses) until the adoption of the amended hedge accounting guidance in 4Q 2017.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
13
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Consolidated Results of Operations | Derivative Gains (Losses)


Derivative Gains (Losses)
Components of Derivative Gains (Losses)
We continue to align our derivative portfolio with the changing duration of our assets and liabilities so as to economically hedge their interest-rate risk. We manage our exposure to interest-rate risk on an economic basis to a low level as measured by our models. We believe the impact of derivatives on our GAAP financial results should be considered in the context of our overall interest-rate risk profile, including our PMVS and duration gap results. For more information about our interest-rate risk management activities and the sensitivity of reported earnings to those activities, see Risk Management - Market Risk.
Derivative gains (losses) includes the fair value changes and the accrual of periodic cash settlements for derivatives while not designated in qualifying hedge relationships. In addition, prior to our adoption of amended hedge accounting guidance in 4Q 2017, we included the accrual of periodic cash settlements on derivatives in qualifying hedge relationships in derivatives gains (losses).
The table below presents the components of derivative gains (losses).
 
 
 
 
 
Change
 
 
 
 
Change
(Dollars in millions)
 
3Q 2018
3Q 2017
 
$
%
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
 
$
%
Fair value change in interest-rate swaps
 

$736


$23

 

$713

3,100
 %
 

$2,833


$116

 

$2,717

2,342
 %
Fair value change in option-based derivatives
 
(306
)
(198
)
 
(108
)
(55
)
 
(1,020
)
(519
)
 
(501
)
(97
)
Fair value change in other derivatives
 
271

(105
)
 
376

358

 
1,322

(379
)
 
1,701

449

Accrual of periodic cash settlements
 
27

(398
)
 
425

107

 
(161
)
(1,294
)
 
1,133

88

Derivative gains (losses)
 

$728


($678
)
 

$1,406

207
 %
 

$2,974


($2,076
)
 

$5,050

243
 %
Key Drivers:
n
3Q 2018 vs. 3Q 2017 and YTD 2018 vs. YTD 2017 - During the 2018 periods, increases in long-term rates resulted in derivative fair value gains compared to derivative fair value losses during the 2017 periods. The 10-year par swap rate increased 18 and 72 basis points during 3Q 2018 and YTD 2018, respectively, compared to a 1 basis point increase and a 4 basis point decline during 3Q 2017 and YTD 2017, respectively. The interest rate increases during the 2018 periods resulted in fair value gains in our pay-fixed interest rate swaps, forward commitments to issue PCs, and futures, partially offset by fair value losses in our receive-fixed swaps and certain of our option-based derivatives.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
14
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Consolidated Results of Operations | Other Income (Loss)


Other Income (Loss)
Components of Other Income (Loss)
The table below presents the components of other income (loss).
 
 
 
 
 
Change
 
 
 
 
Change
(Dollars in millions)
 
3Q 2018
3Q 2017
 
$
%
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
 
$
%
Other income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-agency mortgage-related securities settlements and judgments
 

$—


$4,525

 

($4,525
)
N/A

 

$334


$4,525

 

($4,191
)
(93
)%
Gains (losses) on loans(1)
 
(173
)
203

 
(376
)
(185
)
 
(331
)
410

 
(741
)
(181
)
Gains (losses) on held-for-sale loan purchase commitments(1)
 
267

271

 
(4
)
(1
)
 
564

826

 
(262
)
(32
)
Gains (losses) on debt(1)
 
12

62

 
(50
)
(81
)
 
42

(129
)
 
171

133

All other
 
288

272

 
16

6

 
917

744

 
173

23

 Fair value hedge accounting
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in fair value of derivatives in qualifying hedge relationships
 
—

85

 
(85
)
N/A

 
—

(215
)
 
215

N/A

Change in fair value of hedged items in qualifying hedge relationships
 
—

(15
)
 
15

N/A

 
—

351

 
(351
)
N/A

Total other income (loss)
 

$394


$5,403

 

($5,009
)
(93
)%
 

$1,526


$6,512

 

($4,986
)
(77
)%
(1)
Includes fair value gains (losses) on loans, held-for-sale loan purchase commitments and debt for which we have elected the fair value option.
Key Drivers:
n 3Q 2018 vs. 3Q 2017 - Other income decreased primarily driven by:
l Recognition of $4.5 billion in proceeds received during 3Q 2017 from the RBS settlement related to certain of our non-agency mortgage related securities.
l Larger interest rate-related fair value losses on multifamily mortgage loans for which we have elected the fair value option due to an increase in long-term interest rates, coupled with lower gains on sales of single-family seasoned loans.
l Adoption of amended hedge accounting guidance in 4Q 2017, which resulted in fair value changes for derivatives and hedged items in qualifying hedge relationships no longer being recognized in other income (loss). See Note 9 for more information.
n YTD 2018 vs. YTD 2017 - Other income decreased primarily driven by:
l Recognition of $4.5 billion in proceeds received during YTD 2017 from the RBS settlement related to certain of our non-agency mortgage related securities.
l Larger interest rate-related fair value losses on multifamily mortgage loans and commitments for which we have elected the fair value option due to an increase in long-term interest rates, partially offset by increased gains on a higher volume of sales of single-family seasoned loans during YTD 2018 compared to YTD 2017.
l Adoption of amended hedge accounting guidance in 4Q 2017, which resulted in fair value changes for derivatives and hedged items in qualifying hedge relationships no longer being recognized in other income (loss). See Note 9 for more information.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
15
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Consolidated Results of Operations | Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Key Drivers of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table presents the attribution of total other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes and reclassification adjustments reported in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
 
 
 
 
 
Change
 
 
 
 
Change
(Dollars in millions)
 
3Q 2018
3Q 2017
 
$
%
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
 
$
%
Other comprehensive income (loss), excluding certain items
 

($211
)

$504

 

($715
)
(142
)%
 

($706
)

$1,090

 

($1,796
)
(165
)%
Excluded items:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accretion due to significant increases in expected cash flows on previously impaired available-for-sale securities
 
(8
)
(34
)
 
26

76

 
(116
)
(137
)
 
21

15

Realized (gains) losses reclassified from AOCI
 
72

(491
)
 
563

115

 
(169
)
(629
)
 
460

73

Total excluded items
 
64

(525
)

589

112


(285
)
(766
)

481

63

Total other comprehensive income (loss)
 

($147
)

($21
)
 

($126
)
(600
)%
 

($991
)

$324

 

($1,315
)
(406
)%
Key Drivers:
n Other comprehensive income (loss), excluding certain items
l
3Q 2018 vs. 3Q 2017 and YTD 2018 vs. YTD 2017 - shifted to losses in the 2018 periods from income in the 2017 periods primarily due to higher fair value losses compared to fair value gains on agency and non-agency mortgage-related securities classified as available-for-sale as long-term interest rates increased during the 2018 periods, while rates remained relatively flat during 3Q 2017 and decreased during YTD 2017, coupled with smaller fair value gains from less market spread tightening and lower balances on our non-agency mortgage-related securities.
Excluded items:
n Realized (gains) losses reclassified from AOCI
l
3Q 2018 vs. 3Q 2017 - reflected reclassified losses during 3Q 2018 compared to reclassified gains during 3Q 2017 due to sales of agency mortgage-related securities in an unrealized loss position and a lower sales volume of non-agency mortgage-related securities classified as available-for-sale as the non-agency mortgage-related securities balance continued to decline.
l
YTD 2018 vs. YTD 2017 - reflected smaller amounts of reclassified gains during YTD 2018 due to a lower sales volume of non-agency mortgage-related securities classified as available-for-sale as the non-agency mortgage-related securities balance continued to decline.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
16
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Consolidated Results of Operations | Other Key Drivers

Other Key Drivers
Explanation of Other Key Drivers
Key Drivers:
n Benefit (provision) for credit losses
l
3Q 2018 vs. 3Q 2017 and YTD 2018 vs. YTD 2017 - shifted to benefit for credit losses in the 2018 periods from a provision for credit losses in the 2017 periods, driven by estimated losses from hurricane activity in 3Q 2017 that increased the provision for credit losses in the 2017 periods.
n Gains (losses) on extinguishment of debt
l
3Q 2018 vs. 3Q 2017 and YTD 2018 vs. YTD 2017 - improved primarily due to an increase in the amount of gains recognized from the extinguishment of certain fixed-rate debt securities of consolidated trusts (i.e., PCs), as market rates increased between the time of issuance and repurchase, combined with an increase in the amount of debt securities of consolidated trusts repurchased. The amount of extinguishment gains or losses may vary, as the type and amount of PCs selected for repurchase are based on our investment and funding strategies, including our efforts to support the liquidity and price performance of our PCs.
n Other gains (losses) on investment securities recognized in earnings
l
3Q 2018 vs. 3Q 2017 and YTD 2018 vs. YTD 2017 - shifted to losses in the 2018 periods from gains in the 2017 periods primarily driven by larger fair value losses on our mortgage and non-mortgage-related securities classified as trading as interest rates increased during the 2018 periods, partially offset by lower fair value gains driven by less spread tightening and lower volume on sales of our available-for-sale non-agency mortgage-related securities.
n Other expense
l
3Q 2018 vs. 3Q 2017 and YTD 2018 vs. YTD 2017 - increased primarily due to recoveries in the 2017 periods of amounts previously recognized in other expense. This activity did not repeat in the 2018 periods.
n Income tax expense
l
3Q 2018 vs. 3Q 2017 and YTD 2018 vs. YTD 2017 - decreased due to the lower statutory corporate income tax rate in the 2018 periods.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
17
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis


CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS ANALYSIS
The table below compares our summarized consolidated balance sheets.
 
 
 
 
 
Change
(Dollars in millions)
 
9/30/2018
12/31/2017
 
$
%
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents(1)
 

$7,038


$9,811

 

($2,773
)
(28
)%
Securities purchased under agreements to resell
 
48,540

55,903

 
(7,363
)
(13
)
Subtotal
 
55,578

65,714

 
(10,136
)
(15
)
Investments in securities, at fair value
 
75,930

84,318

 
(8,388
)
(10
)
Mortgage loans, net
 
1,902,428

1,871,217

 
31,211

2

Accrued interest receivable
 
6,600

6,355

 
245

4

Derivative assets, net
 
469

375

 
94

25

Deferred tax assets, net
 
7,876

8,107

 
(231
)
(3
)
Other assets
 
14,576

13,690

 
886

6

Total assets
 

$2,063,457


$2,049,776

 

$13,681

1
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities and Equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued interest payable
 

$6,418


$6,221

 

$197

3
 %
Debt, net
 
2,041,990

2,034,630

 
7,360

—

Derivative liabilities, net
 
295

269

 
26

10

Other liabilities
 
9,195

8,968

 
227

3

Total liabilities
 
2,057,898

2,050,088

 
7,810

—

Total equity
 
5,559

(312
)
 
5,871

1,882

Total liabilities and equity
 

$2,063,457


$2,049,776

 

$13,681

1
 %
(1) The current and prior period presentation has been modified to include restricted cash and cash equivalents due to recently adopted accounting guidance.
Key Drivers:
As of September 30, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017:
n
Cash and cash equivalents and securities purchased under agreements to resell affect one another and changes in the balances should be viewed together (e.g., cash and cash equivalents can be invested in securities purchased under agreements to resell or other investments). The decrease in the combined balance was primarily due to lower near term cash needs for fewer upcoming maturities and anticipated calls of other debt.
n Investments in securities, at fair value decreased as we continued to reduce the mortgage-related investments portfolio during 2018 as required by the Purchase Agreement and FHFA.
n Total equity increased primarily as a result of higher comprehensive income in 3Q 2018 compared to 4Q 2017, combined with our ability to retain equity as a result of an increase in the applicable Capital Reserve Amount, which is $3.0 billion as of January 1, 2018.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
18
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Our Business Segments | Segment Earnings


OUR BUSINESS SEGMENTS
We have three reportable segments, which are based on the way we manage our business.
n
Single-family Guarantee - reflects results from our purchase, securitization and guarantee of single-family loans and the management of single-family mortgage credit risk.
n
Multifamily - reflects results from our purchase, sale, securitization and guarantee of multifamily loans and securities, our investments in those loans and securities and the management of multifamily mortgage credit risk and market spread risk.
n
Capital Markets - reflects results from managing our mortgage-related investments portfolio (excluding Multifamily segment investments, single-family seriously delinquent loans and the credit risk of single-family performing and reperforming loans), the treasury function, securitization activities and our interest-rate risk.
Certain activities that are not part of a reportable segment, such as material corporate-level activities that are infrequent in nature and based on decisions outside the control of the management of our reportable segments, are included in the All Other category.
Segment Earnings
We present Segment Earnings by reclassifying certain credit guarantee-related activities and investment-related activities between various line items on our GAAP condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income and allocating certain revenues and expenses to our three reportable segments. For more information on our segment reclassifications, see Note 13.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
19
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Our Business Segments | Segment Earnings


Segment Comprehensive Income
The graph below shows our comprehensive income by segment.
(In millions)
chart-60db38e212235f5cb5a.jpg chart-503f87cbea9d58118c7.jpg

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
20
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Our Business Segments | Single-Family Guarantee

Single-Family Guarantee
Market Conditions
The graphs and related discussion below present certain market indicators that can significantly affect the business and financial results of our Single-family Guarantee segment.
U.S. Single-Family Originations
chart-14a804ad76045198ba3.jpgSource: Inside Mortgage Finance dated August 17, 2018 (latest available IMF purchase/refinance information).

 
Single-Family Serious Delinquency Rates
chart-bfa7c56c073f5a77bcb.jpg

Source: National Delinquency Survey from the Mortgage Bankers Association. Data as of August 16, 2018 (latest available NDS information).

Commentary
n U.S. single-family loan origination volume decreased to $435 billion in 3Q 2018 from $495 billion in 3Q 2017, driven by lower refinance volume as a result of higher mortgage interest rates in 3Q 2018. Mortgage origination data is from Inside Mortgage Finance as of October 26, 2018.
n We expect continued growth in U.S. single-family home purchase volume due to a gradual increase in housing supply and home price appreciation, while a moderate increase in mortgage interest rates is expected to result in a lower refinance volume. Freddie Mac's single-family loan purchase volumes typically follow a similar trend.
n The single-family serious delinquency rate in the U.S. decreased during 2Q 2018 as the impacts from the hurricanes in 3Q 2017 subsided and the general economy continued to improve. Freddie Mac's serious delinquency rate typically follows a similar trend.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
21
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Our Business Segments | Single-Family Guarantee

Business Results
The following tables, graphs and related discussion present the business results of our Single-family Guarantee segment.
New Business Activity
UPB of Single-Family Loan Purchases and Guarantees by Loan Purpose
(In billions)
chart-d8299ac5801e5ae98aa.jpgchart-b623efff9ff05713add.jpg








Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
22
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Our Business Segments | Single-Family Guarantee

Percentage of Single-Family Loan Purchases and Guarantees by Loan Purposechart-8c08126882295948b1c.jpgchart-89755bc151a35d1d880.jpg
Commentary
n Our loan purchase and guarantee activity decreased during the 2018 periods compared to the 2017 periods primarily due to a decline in refinance activity as a result of higher average mortgage interest rates, partially offset by higher home purchase volume.
n Freddie Mac purchases loans originated by lenders using Fannie Mae's Automated Underwriting System (AUS). Fannie Mae announced changes to its AUS in July 2017, which led to an increase in eligibility for purchase of new loans with debt-to-income ratios between 45% and 50% (high DTI). These loans have minimal impact on our single-family credit guarantee portfolio, but we are monitoring the overall credit quality and performance of these loans. Although the volume of our purchases of these high DTI loans may increase over time, we expect to purchase fewer loans with high DTI ratios that have other high-risk characteristics.







Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
23
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Our Business Segments | Single-Family Guarantee

Single-Family Credit Guarantee Portfolio
Single-Family Credit Guarantee Portfoliochart-95297faa117e5af8b74.jpg
Commentary
n
The single-family credit guarantee portfolio increased at an annualized rate of approximately 3% from December 31, 2017 to September 30, 2018, driven by an increase in U.S. single-family mortgage debt outstanding as a result of continued home price appreciation. New business acquisitions had a higher average loan size compared to older vintages that continued to run off.
n
The core single-family loan portfolio grew to 81% of the single-family credit guarantee portfolio at September 30, 2018, compared to 78% at December 31, 2017.
n
The legacy and relief refinance single-family loan portfolio declined to 19% of the single-family credit guarantee portfolio at September 30, 2018, compared to 22% at December 31, 2017, driven primarily by liquidations.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
24
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Our Business Segments | Single-Family Guarantee

Guarantee Fees
We receive fees for guaranteeing the payment of principal and interest to investors in our mortgage-related securities. These fees consist primarily of a combination of base contractual guarantee fees paid on a monthly basis and initial upfront payments. The average portfolio Segment Earnings guarantee fee rate recognizes upfront fee income over the contractual life of the related loans (usually 30 years). If the related loans prepay, the remaining upfront fee income is recognized immediately. In contrast, the average guarantee fee rate charged on new acquisitions recognizes upfront fee income over the estimated life of the related loans using our expectations of prepayments and other liquidations. See MD&A - Our Business Segments - Single-family Guarantee - Business Overview - Guarantee Fees in our 2017 Annual Report for more information on our guarantee fees.
Average Portfolio Segment Earnings Guarantee Fee Rate(1)(2)  
(In bps)
chart-0de2aadb619f55f0a5b.jpgchart-05a561e4d70e548680f.jpg
Referenced footnotes are included after the next chart.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
25
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Our Business Segments | Single-Family Guarantee

Average Guarantee Fee Rate(1) Charged on New Acquisitions
(In bps)
chart-53d293d3de965e39883.jpg chart-b9dcc269427f564b95f.jpg
(1) Excludes the legislated 10 basis point increase in guarantee fees.
(2) Reflects an average rate for our total single-family credit guarantee portfolio and is not limited to purchases in the applicable period.
Commentary
n
The average portfolio Segment Earnings guarantee fee rate declined during 3Q 2018 compared to 3Q 2017 due to a decrease in recognition of upfront fees driven by a lower prepayment rate. The guarantee fee rate remained relatively unchanged during YTD 2018 compared to YTD 2017.
n
The average guarantee fee rate charged on new acquisitions decreased during the 2018 periods compared to the 2017 periods due to a decline in loans that were assessed with additional risk-based fees, as the mix of loans we acquired changed.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
26
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Our Business Segments | Single-Family Guarantee

Credit Risk Transfer (CRT) Activities
We transfer credit risk on a portion of our single-family credit guarantee portfolio to the private market, which reduces the risk of future losses to us and taxpayers when borrowers go into default. Our primary CRT activities are our STACR debt note and ACIS transactions, in which we pay interest to investors or premiums to insurers in exchange for their taking on a portion of the credit risk on the mortgage loans in the related reference pool. These payments effectively reduce our guarantee fee income from the PCs backed by the mortgage loans in the related reference pools. See MD&A - Our Business Segments - Single-Family Guarantee - Business Overview - Credit Risk Transfer Transactions in our 2017 Annual Report for more information on our CRT transactions.
The following charts present the issuance amounts for the CRT transactions that occurred during 3Q 2018 and the cumulative issuance amounts for all CRT transactions as of September 30, 2018 by loss position and the party holding each loss position, excluding senior subordinate securitization structures and seller indemnification agreements.
New CRT Transactions during 3Q 2018(1)  
 
 
(In billions)
 
 
Senior
 
Freddie Mac


$30.8
 
Reference Pool

$32.0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mezzanine
 
Freddie Mac(5)
               
($0.2)
 
ACIS(3)(5)

             
$0.5
 
Other CRT


$0.6
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First
   Loss(4)
 
Freddie Mac(5)

($0.1)
 
ACIS(5)


$0.2
 
Other CRT
 

$0.2
 
 
Cumulative CRT Transactions as of September 30, 2018(1)(2) 
 
 
(In billions)
 
 
Senior
 
Freddie Mac


$1,027.1
 
Reference Pool

$1,074.2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mezzanine
 
Freddie Mac


$2.4
 
ACIS(3)



$9.3
 
STACR Debt Notes

$23.6
 
Other CRT


$1.8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First
   Loss(4)
 
Freddie Mac

$5.6
 
ACIS


$1.3
 
STACR
Debt Notes$2.2
 
Other
CRT

$0.9
 

(1) The amounts represent the UPB upon issuance of CRT transactions.
(2)
For the current outstanding coverage provided by our CRT transactions, see Credit Enhancements.
(3) Starting in 2Q 2018, ACIS transactions include Deep MI CRT transactions which were previously disclosed separately. The 3Q 2018 and Cumulative presentations have been modified to reflect this change.
(4) First loss includes all B tranches in our STACR debt notes and their equivalent in ACIS and Other CRT transactions.
(5) During 3Q 2018, amounts were transferred from the Freddie Mac category to the ACIS category as we completed new ACIS transactions related to reference pools in transactions executed in prior periods.



Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
27
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Our Business Segments | Single-Family Guarantee

Commentary
n
During YTD 2018, we transferred a portion of credit risk associated with $237.9 billion in UPB of loans in our single-family credit guarantee portfolio through STACR debt note, ACIS, senior subordinate securitization structure, seller indemnification and other CRT transactions.
n
As of September 30, 2018, we had cumulatively transferred a portion of credit risk on nearly $1.1 trillion of our single-family mortgages, based upon the UPB at issuance of the CRT transactions.
l
FHFA's Conservatorship Capital Framework (CCF) capital needed for credit risk was reduced by approximately 60% through CRT transactions on originations in the twelve months ended September 30, 2017.
l
The reduction in the amount of CCF capital needed for credit risk on new originations is calculated as modeled conservatorship credit capital released from the underlying single-family CRT transaction reference pool divided by total modeled conservatorship credit capital on new originations at the time of purchase. For more information on the CCF and the calculation of modeled conservatorship capital, see Risk Management - Conservatorship Capital Framework and Risk Management - Conservatorship Capital Framework - Return on Modeled Conservatorship Capital.
n
In September 2018, we introduced an enhanced CRT structure designed to reduce CCF capital needed for credit risk by approximately 80% on related new originations. This enhanced structure sells more of the first loss position and extends the maturity from 12.5 to 30 years.
n
During YTD 2018, we paid $562 million in interest expense, net of reinvestment income, on our outstanding STACR transactions and $227 million in ACIS premiums, compared to $455 million in interest expense, net of reinvestment income, on our outstanding STACR transactions and $170 million in ACIS premiums during YTD 2017.
n
As of September 30, 2018, we had experienced minimal write-downs on our STACR debt notes and have filed minimal claims for reimbursement of losses under our ACIS transactions.
We are continually evaluating our credit risk transfer strategy and make changes depending on market conditions and our business strategy. The aggregate cost of our credit risk transfer activity, as well as the amount of risk transferred, will continue to increase as we continue to do new transactions.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
28
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Our Business Segments | Single-Family Guarantee

Credit Enhancements
The table below provides information on the total current and protected UPB and maximum coverage associated with credit enhanced loans in our single-family credit guarantee portfolio as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The table includes all types of single-family credit enhancements. See Note 6 for additional information about our single-family credit enhancements.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
(In millions)
 
Total Current and Protected UPB(1)
Maximum Coverage(2)
 
Total Current and Protected UPB(1)
Maximum Coverage(2)
Primary mortgage insurance
 

$366,731


$93,931

 

$334,189


$85,429

STACR debt note
 
621,350

18,078

 
604,356

17,788

ACIS transactions(3)
 
753,298

8,375

 
625,082

6,933

Senior subordinate securitization structures
 
32,418

3,260

 
12,283

1,913

Other(3)(4)
 
120,315

9,208

 
8,623

6,282

Less: UPB with more than one type of credit enhancement
 
(921,750
)
—

 
(775,751
)
—

Single-family credit guarantee portfolio with credit enhancement
 
972,362

132,852

 
808,782

118,345

Single-family credit guarantee portfolio without credit enhancement
 
902,604

—

 
1,020,098

—

Total
 

$1,874,966


$132,852

 

$1,828,880


$118,345

(1)
Except for the majority of our STACR and ACIS transactions, our credit enhancements generally provide protection for the first, or initial, credit losses associated with the related loans. For STACR and ACIS transactions, total current and protected UPB represents the UPB of the assets included in the reference pool. For senior subordinate securitization structures, total current and protected UPB represents the UPB of the guaranteed securities.
(2)
Except for senior subordinate securitization structures, this represents the remaining amount of loss recovery that is available subject to the terms of counterparty agreements. Specifically, for STACR transactions, this represents the outstanding balance held by third parties, and for ACIS transactions, this represents the remaining aggregate limit of insurance purchased from third parties. For senior subordinate securitization structures, this represents the UPB of the securities that are subordinate to our guarantee and held by third parties, which could provide protection by absorbing first losses.
(3)
Starting in 2Q 2018, ACIS transactions include Deep MI CRT transactions which were previously disclosed under "Other" transactions. The current and prior period presentation has been modified to reflect this change.
(4)
Includes seller indemnification, lender recourse and indemnification agreements, pool insurance, HFA indemnification and other credit enhancements.
Commentary
n We had coverage remaining of $132.9 billion and $118.3 billion on our single-family credit guarantee portfolio as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Credit risk transfer transactions provided 24.5% and 22.4% of the coverage remaining at those dates, respectively.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
29
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Our Business Segments | Single-Family Guarantee

Mortgage Loan Credit Risk
Certain combinations of loan attributes can indicate a higher degree of credit risk, such as loans with both higher LTV ratios and lower credit scores. The following table presents the combination of credit score and current LTV (CLTV) ratio attributes of loans in our single-family credit guarantee portfolio.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
CLTV ≤ 80

CLTV > 80 to 100

CLTV > 100

All Loans
(Credit score)
 
% Portfolio
SDQ Rate(1)

% Portfolio
SDQ Rate(1)

% Portfolio
SDQ Rate(1)

% Portfolio
SDQ Rate(1)
% Modified
Core single-family loan portfolio:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
< 620
 
0.3
%
2.10
%
 
—
%
NM

 
—
%
NM

 
0.3
%
2.21
%
3.8
%
620 to 659
 
2.0

1.12

 
0.3

1.15
%
 
—

NM

 
2.3

1.13

1.9

≥ 660
 
68.2

0.17

 
9.9

0.23

 
—

NM

 
78.1

0.18

0.3

Not available
 
0.1

1.52

 
—

NM

 
—

NM

 
0.1

2.90

3.6

Total
 
70.6
%
0.21
%
 
10.2
%
0.28
%
 
—
%
NM

 
80.8
%
0.22
%
0.4
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Legacy and relief refinance single-family loan portfolio:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
< 620
 
1.2
%
4.21
%
 
0.2
%
8.48
%
 
0.1
%
14.04
%
 
1.5
%
5.04
%
23.6
%
620 to 659
 
1.8

3.18

 
0.3

6.83

 
0.2

11.52

 
2.3

3.81

20.5

≥ 660
 
13.4

1.16

 
1.5

3.56

 
0.4

6.00

 
15.3

1.40

7.4

Not available
 
0.1

4.72

 
—

NM

 
—

NM

 
0.1

5.05

19.4

Total
 
16.5
%
1.66
%
 
2.0
%
4.69
%
 
0.7
%
8.15
%
 
19.2
%
2.01
%
10.3
%
(1)
NM - Not meaningful due to the percentage of the portfolio rounding to zero.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
30
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Our Business Segments | Single-Family Guarantee

Alt-A and Subprime Loans
While we have referred to certain loans as subprime or Alt-A for purposes of the discussion below and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q, there is no universally accepted definition of subprime or Alt-A, and the classification of such loans may differ from company to company. We do not rely on these loan classifications to evaluate the credit risk exposure relating to such loans in our single-family credit guarantee portfolio.
Participants in the mortgage market have characterized single-family loans based upon their overall credit quality at the time of origination, including as prime or subprime. While we have not historically characterized the loans in our single-family credit guarantee portfolio as either prime or subprime, we monitor the amount of loans we have guaranteed with characteristics that indicate a higher degree of credit risk. In addition, we estimate that approximately $0.9 billion and $1.1 billion of security collateral underlying our other securitization products at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, were identified as subprime based on information provided to us when we entered into these transactions.
Mortgage market participants have classified single-family loans as Alt-A if these loans have credit characteristics that range between the prime and subprime categories, if they are underwritten with lower or alternative income or asset documentation requirements compared to a full documentation loan, or both. Although we have discontinued new purchases of loans with lower documentation standards, we continue to purchase certain amounts of such loans in cases where the loan was either purchased pursuant to a previously issued guarantee, as part of our relief refinance initiative, or as part of another refinance loan initiative and the pre-existing loan was originated under less than full documentation standards. In the event we purchase a refinance loan and the original loan had been previously identified as Alt-A, such refinance loan may no longer be categorized or reported as an Alt-A loan in this Form 10-Q and our other financial reports because the new refinance loan replacing the original loan would not be identified by the seller/servicer as an Alt-A loan. As a result, our reported Alt-A balances may be lower than would otherwise be the case had such refinancing not occurred. From the time the relief refinance initiative began in 2009 to September 30, 2018, we have purchased approximately $36.3 billion of relief refinance loans that were previously categorized as Alt-A loans in our portfolio, including $0.1 billion in 3Q 2018.
The table below contains information on Alt-A loans in our single-family credit guarantee portfolio.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
(Dollars in billions)
 
UPB
CLTV
% Modified
SDQ Rate
 
UPB
CLTV
% Modified
SDQ Rate
Alt-A
 

$24.5

64
%
24.0
%
4.40
%
 

$27.1

67
%
24.1
%
5.62
%
The UPB of Alt-A loans in our single-family credit guarantee portfolio declined during YTD 2018 primarily due to borrowers refinancing into other mortgage products, foreclosure sales and other liquidation events. Significant portions of the Alt-A loans in our portfolio are concentrated in Arizona, California, Florida and Nevada.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
31
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Our Business Segments | Single-Family Guarantee

Single-Family Loan Performance
Serious Delinquency Rates chart-6aae2f9c365b5f27b4c.jpg
 
Delinquency Rates for Loans One Month and Two Months Past Due
chart-e9b47280c53c5574baa.jpg

Commentary
n
Total serious delinquency rate on our single-family credit guarantee portfolio was lower as of September 30, 2018 compared to September 30, 2017 due to our continued loss mitigation efforts, sales of certain seriously delinquent loans, home price appreciation, a low unemployment rate, and the reduced impacts from the hurricanes in 3Q 2017. This improvement was also driven by the continued shift in the single-family credit guarantee portfolio mix, as the legacy and relief refinance single-family loan portfolio runs off and we add higher credit quality loans to our core single-family loan portfolio. Delinquency rates for both loans one month past due and loans two months past due were similarly affected.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
32
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Our Business Segments | Single-Family Guarantee

Credit Performance
The table below contains certain credit performance metrics for our single-family credit guarantee portfolio.
(Dollars in millions)
 
3Q 2018
3Q 2017
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
Charge-offs, gross
 

$1,277


$1,140

 

$2,248


$4,033

Recoveries
 
(119
)
(145
)
 
(341
)
(327
)
Charge-offs, net
 
1,158

995

 
1,907

3,706

REO operations expense
 
38

35

 
87

128

Total credit losses
 

$1,196


$1,030

 

$1,994


$3,834

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total credit losses (in bps)
 
25.4

22.7

 
14.2

28.4

The table below summarizes the carrying value for individually impaired single-family loans on our condensed consolidated balance sheets for which we have recorded an allowance determined on an individual basis.
                                            
 
September 30, 2018
 
September 30, 2017
(Dollars in millions)
 
Loan Count
Amount
 
Loan Count
Amount
TDRs, at January 1
 
364,704


$54,415

 
485,709


$78,869

New additions
 
45,348

7,066

 
29,867

4,130

Repayments and reclassifications to held-for-sale
 
(92,662
)
(14,875
)
 
(113,933
)
(21,828
)
Foreclosure sales and foreclosure alternatives
 
(5,907
)
(796
)
 
(8,169
)
(1,122
)
TDRs, at September 30
 
311,483

45,810

 
393,474

60,049

Loans impaired upon purchase
 
2,814

188

 
5,782

380

Total impaired loans with an allowance recorded
 
314,297

45,998

 
399,256

60,429

Allowance for loan losses
 
 
(5,137
)
 
 
(7,706
)
Net investment, at September 30
 
 

$40,861

 
 

$52,723

The tables below present information about the UPB of single-family TDRs and non-accrual loans on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(In millions)
 
September 30, 2018
December 31, 2017
TDRs on accrual status
 

$45,073


$51,644

Non-accrual loans
 
11,855

17,748

Total TDRs and non-accrual loans
 

$56,928


$69,392

 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses associated with:
 
 
 
  TDRs on accrual status
 

$4,291


$5,257

  Non-accrual loans
 
1,101

1,883

Total
 

$5,392


$7,140

 
 
 
 
(In millions)
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
Foregone interest income on TDRs and non-accrual loans(1)
 

$965


$1,325

(1)
Represents the amount of interest income that we did not recognize but would have recognized during the period for loans outstanding at the end of each period had the loans performed according to their original contractual terms.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
33
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Our Business Segments | Single-Family Guarantee

Commentary
n
As of September 30, 2018, 48% of the allowance for loan losses for single-family mortgage loans related to interest rate concessions provided to borrowers as part of loan modifications.
n
Most of our modified single-family loans, including TDRs, were current and performing at September 30, 2018.
n
We expect our allowance for loan losses associated with existing single-family TDRs to decline over time as we continue to sell reperforming loans. In addition, the allowance for loan losses will decline as borrowers continue to make monthly payments under the modified terms and interest rate concessions are amortized into earnings.
n
See Note 4 for information on our single-family allowance for loan losses.




Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
34
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Our Business Segments | Single-Family Guarantee

Loss Mitigation Activities
Loan Workout Activity(1)  
(UPB in billions, number of loan workouts in thousands)
chart-b9e1f06fc5fc504b9ec.jpgchart-fc1873ddd75658d29c3.jpg
(1)
Foreclosure alternatives consist of short sales and deeds in lieu of foreclosure. Home retention actions consist of forbearance agreements, repayment plans and loan modifications.
Commentary
n
Our loan workout activity increased in the 2018 periods, driven by the impact from the hurricanes in 3Q 2017.
n
We continue our loss mitigation efforts through our relief refinance, modification and other initiatives.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
35
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Our Business Segments | Single-Family Guarantee

REO Activity
The table below presents a summary of our single-family REO activity.
 
 
3Q 2018
 
3Q 2017
 
YTD 2018
 
YTD 2017
(Dollars in millions)
 
Number of Properties
Amount
 
Number of Properties
Amount
 
Number of Properties
Amount
 
Number of Properties
Amount
Beginning balance — REO
 
7,135


$777

 
9,915


$1,046

 
8,299


$900

 
11,418


$1,215

Additions
 
2,506

247

 
2,853

282

 
7,870

759

 
9,697

949

Dispositions
 
(2,622
)
(256
)
 
(3,622
)
(348
)
 
(9,150
)
(891
)
 
(11,969
)
(1,184
)
Ending balance — REO
 
7,019

768

 
9,146

980

 
7,019

768

 
9,146

980

Beginning balance, valuation allowance
 
 
(6
)
 
 
(10
)
 
 
(14
)
 
 
(17
)
Change in valuation allowance
 
 
(2
)
 
 
(4
)
 
 
6

 
 
3

Ending balance, valuation allowance
 


(8
)
 


(14
)
 
 
(8
)
 


(14
)
Ending balance — REO, net
 



$760

 



$966

 
 

$760

 



$966

Commentary
n
Our REO ending inventory declined in the 2018 periods primarily due to a decrease in REO acquisitions driven by fewer loans in foreclosure and a large proportion of property sales to third parties at foreclosure.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
36
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Our Business Segments | Single-Family Guarantee

Financial Results
The table below presents the components of Segment Earnings and comprehensive income for our Single-family Guarantee segment.
 
 
 
 
 
Change
 
 
 
 
Change
(Dollars in millions)
 
3Q 2018
3Q 2017
 
$
%
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
 
$
%
Guarantee fee income
 

$1,576


$1,581

 

($5
)
—
 %
 

$4,660


$4,505

 

$155

3
 %
Benefit (provision) for credit losses
 
196

(826
)
 
1,022

124

 
327

(775
)
 
1,102

142

Other non-interest income (loss)
 
348

403

 
(55
)
(14
)
 
561

1,081

 
(520
)
(48
)
Administrative expense
 
(371
)
(353
)
 
(18
)
(5
)
 
(1,070
)
(1,018
)
 
(52
)
(5
)
REO operations expense
 
(42
)
(38
)
 
(4
)
(11
)
 
(101
)
(138
)
 
37

27

Other non-interest expense
 
(413
)
(348
)
 
(65
)
(19
)
 
(1,192
)
(1,001
)
 
(191
)
(19
)
Segment Earnings before income tax expense
 
1,294

419

 
875

209

 
3,185

2,654

 
531

20

Income tax expense
 
(229
)
(164
)
 
(65
)
(40
)
 
(615
)
(911
)
 
296

32

Segment Earnings, net of taxes
 
1,065

255

 
810

318

 
2,570

1,743

 
827

47

Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 
(2
)
—

 
(2
)
N/A

 
(8
)
(2
)
 
(6
)
(300
)
Total comprehensive income
 

$1,063


$255

 

$808

317
 %
 

$2,562


$1,741

 

$821

47
 %
Key Business Drivers:
n 3Q 2018 vs. 3Q 2017
l Lower upfront fee amortization income driven by lower prepayments, offset by higher contract guarantee fee income due to continued growth in our single-family credit guarantee portfolio, resulted in guarantee fee income remaining relatively unchanged.
l Shift to benefit for credit losses in 3Q 2018, from a provision for credit losses in 3Q 2017, driven by estimated losses from hurricane activity in 3Q 2017 that increased the provision for credit losses in that period.
l Small fair value losses on STACR debt notes in 3Q 2018 compared to fair value gains in 3Q 2017 as a result of market spreads between STACR yields and LIBOR remaining relatively unchanged in 3Q 2018, while spreads widened in 3Q 2017.
n YTD 2018 vs. YTD 2017
l Continued growth in our single-family credit guarantee portfolio and higher upfront fee amortization income resulted in increased guarantee fee income.
l Shift to benefit for credit losses during YTD 2018, from a provision for credit losses during YTD 2017, primarily driven by estimated losses from hurricane activity in 3Q 2017 that increased the provision for credit losses in that period.
l Losses during YTD 2018 compared to gains during YTD 2017 on single-family seasoned loan reclassifications between held-for-investment and held-for-sale.
l Small fair value gains on STACR debt notes during YTD 2018 compared to fair value losses during YTD 2017 as a result of market spreads between STACR yields and LIBOR remaining relatively unchanged during YTD 2018, while spreads tightened during YTD 2017.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
37
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Our Business Segments | Multifamily


Multifamily
Market Conditions
The graphs and related discussion below present certain multifamily market indicators that can significantly affect the business and financial results of our Multifamily segment.
Change in Effective Rents chart-779bf8d824cc57b2b48.jpg
Source: REIS, Inc.

 
Apartment Vacancy Rates
chart-a01830c5aafa52bf90a.jpg
Source: REIS, Inc.

Commentary
n
Growth in effective rent (i.e., the average rent paid by the tenant over the term of the lease, adjusted for concessions by the landlord and costs borne by the tenant) for 3Q 2018 remained strong relative to the long-term average, primarily due to an increase in potential renters driven by healthy employment levels, higher wages, higher single-family home prices, rising mortgage interest rates and a growing demand for rental housing due to lifestyle changes and demographic trends.
n
While vacancy rates rose slightly during 3Q 2018 compared to 2Q 2018, these rates remain well below the long-term average. Net absorptions continued to lag new apartment completions in 3Q 2018. Although we expect continued strong demand, it may take longer to absorb new units compared to prior quarters.
n
Our financial results for 3Q 2018 were not significantly affected by these relatively stable market conditions.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
38
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Our Business Segments | Multifamily


K Certificate Benchmark Spreads
chart-5b2b24e3fea5590fb23.jpg
Source: Independent dealers

Commentary
n
The valuation of our securitization pipeline and the profitability of our primary risk transfer securitization product, the K Certificate, are affected by both changes in K Certificate benchmark spreads and deal-specific attributes, such as tranche size, risk distribution and collateral characteristics (loan term, coupon type, prepayment restrictions and underlying property type). These market spread movements and deal-specific attributes contribute to our earnings volatility, which we manage by controlling the size of our securitization pipeline and by entering into certain spread-related derivatives. Spread tightening generally results in fair value gains, while spread widening generally results in fair value losses.
n
K Certificate benchmark spreads are market-quoted spreads over the U.S. swap curve. The 10-year fixed-rate spread represents the spread for the largest guaranteed class of a typical fixed-rate K Certificate, while the 7-year floating-rate spread represents the spread for the largest guaranteed class of a typical floating-rate K Certificate.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
39
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Our Business Segments | Multifamily


Business Results
The graphs, tables and related discussion below present the business results of our Multifamily segment.
New Business Activity
Multifamily New Business Activity
(UPB in billions)
chart-de0af179358f5e0793e.jpg chart-914131ef8bbd5115897.jpg
Commentary
n
The 2018 Conservatorship Scorecard annual production cap was $35.0 billion, unchanged from the first half of the year. The production cap is subject to reassessment throughout the year by FHFA to determine whether an increase in the cap is appropriate based on a stronger than expected overall market. Reclassifications between new business activity subject to the production cap and new business activity not subject to the production cap may occur during 2018.
n
Outstanding purchase commitments were $24.3 billion and $21.6 billion as of September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. Both periods include purchase commitments for which we have elected the fair value option.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
40
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Our Business Segments | Multifamily


n
The combination of our new business activity and outstanding purchase commitments was higher for the 2018 periods than the 2017 periods due to continued strong demand for multifamily loan products and our strategic pricing efforts.
n
Approximately 41% and 40% of our multifamily new business activity during 3Q 2018 and YTD 2018, respectively, counted towards the 2018 Conservatorship Scorecard production cap, while the remaining 59% and 60% was considered uncapped.
n
Our uncapped new business activity increased during YTD 2018 compared to YTD 2017 as we continued our efforts to support borrowers in certain property types and communities that meet the criteria for affordability and Green Advantage loans.
n
Approximately 91% of our 3Q 2018 new business activity compared to 87% of our 3Q 2017 new business activity was intended for our securitization pipeline. Combined with market demand for our securities, our 3Q 2018 new business activity will be a driver for securitizations in the next two quarters.




Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
41
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Our Business Segments | Multifamily


Multifamily Portfolio and Market Support
Total Multifamily Portfolio
chart-d6c601f6c15c58d0a30.jpg
 
Multifamily Mortgage Investments Portfolio
chart-1fb73edb369b59f887f.jpg

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
42
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Our Business Segments | Multifamily


Multifamily Market Support
The following table summarizes our support of the multifamily market.
(UPB in millions)
 
September 30, 2018
December 31, 2017
Unsecuritized mortgage loans held-for-sale
 

$18,566


$20,537

Unsecuritized mortgage loans held-for-investment
 
13,105

17,702

Other(1)
 
458

473

Mortgage-related securities(2)
 
7,164

7,451

Guarantee portfolio
 
225,961

203,074

Total multifamily portfolio
 
265,254

249,237

Add: Unguaranteed securities(3)
 
34,287

30,890

Less: Acquired mortgage-related securities(4)
 
(6,930
)
(7,109
)
Total multifamily market support
 

$292,611


$273,018

(1)
Reflects the carrying value of LIHTC investments and the UPB of non-mortgage loans, including financing provided to investment funds.
(2)
Includes mortgage-related securities acquired by us from our securitizations. We have not invested in unguaranteed securities that are in a first loss position.
(3)
Reflects the UPB of unguaranteed securities issued as part of our securitizations and amounts related to loans sold to investment funds that were not financed by Freddie Mac.
(4)
Reflects the UPB of mortgage-related securities that were both issued and acquired by us. This UPB must be removed to avoid double-counting the exposure, as it is already reflected within the guarantee portfolio and/or unguaranteed securities.
Commentary
n
Our total multifamily portfolio increased during YTD 2018, primarily due to our strong new loan purchase and securitization activity, which is attributable to healthy multifamily market fundamentals and a strong demand for certain of our securitization products. Also, we expect continued portfolio growth as purchase and securitization activities should outpace run-off.
n
At September 30, 2018, the UPB of our unsecuritized held-for-sale mortgage loans, which are measured at fair value or lower-of-cost-or-fair-value, decreased from December 31, 2017. The decrease was primarily driven by ongoing securitizations, partially offset by new held-for-sale loan purchases.
n
At September 30, 2018, approximately 73% of our held-for-sale loans and held-for-sale loan commitments, both of which are measured at fair value, were fixed-rate, while the remaining 27% were floating-rate.
n
We expect our guarantee portfolio to continue to grow as a result of ongoing securitizations, which we expect to be driven by continued strong new business activity.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
43
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Our Business Segments | Multifamily


Net Interest Yield and Weighted Average Portfolio Balance
Net Interest Yield Earned
(Weighted average balance in billions)
chart-a5894c2fbb5d554cbd7.jpg chart-da29becfa4a25af199a.jpg
Commentary
n
Net interest yield decreased in 3Q 2018 compared to 3Q 2017 due to higher average funding costs on our held-for-sale mortgage loans driven by higher average interest rates.
n
Net interest yield increased during YTD 2018 compared to YTD 2017 due to higher prepayment income received from our interest-only securities, coupled with an increase in our interest-only security holdings which generally have higher yields relative to our non-interest-only securities and loans, partially offset by higher average funding costs on our held-for-sale mortgage loans driven by higher interest rates.
n
The weighted average portfolio balance of interest-earning assets decreased during the 2018 periods due to the run-off of our legacy held-for-investment loans.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
44
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Our Business Segments | Multifamily


Credit Risk Transfer Activity
Credit Risk Transfer Activity and New Business Activity
(UPB in billions)
chart-690d8d96307152f5bbd.jpg chart-6bbf081bc4f8572386a.jpg

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
45
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Our Business Segments | Multifamily


Credit Risk Transfer Activity(1)  
(UPB in billions)
chart-1ba6c58d9a5f5f6fb76.jpg
 
chart-145b831bbaf05171b13.jpg
(1)
The amounts disclosed in the bar graph above represent the UPB of credit risk transferred to third parties.
Commentary
n
The structures for credit risk transfer transactions, primarily the K Certificate and SB Certificate structures, vary by deal. Structural deal features such as term, type of underlying loan product, and subordination levels generally influence the deal's size and risk profile, which ultimately affect the guarantee fee rate set by Freddie Mac, as Guarantor, at the time of securitization.
n
We executed credit risk transfer transactions on $15.4 billion UPB during 3Q 2018 and on $294.3 billion UPB since 2009. Through these transactions, we transferred a large majority of the expected and stress credit risk of the underlying assets, primarily by issuing unguaranteed subordinated securities, as part of our K Certificate and SB Certificate transactions. Also, we began selling certain of our loans to investment funds in 3Q 2017, resulting in the transfer of the associated credit risk of those loans to third parties.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
46
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Our Business Segments | Multifamily


n
The UPB of our credit risk transfer transactions was relatively flat during 3Q 2018 compared to 3Q 2017.
n
As of September 30, 2018, we had cumulatively transferred the large majority of credit risk on the multifamily guarantee portfolio.
l
CCF capital needed for credit risk was reduced by approximately 90% through CRT transactions on originations in the twelve months ended September 30, 2017; we plan similar risk reduction transactions for this quarter's originations.
l
The reduction in the amount of CCF capital needed for credit risk on new originations is calculated as modeled conservatorship credit capital released from CRT transactions (primarily through K Certificates and SB Certificates) divided by total modeled conservatorship credit capital on new originations at the time of purchase. For more information on the CCF and the calculation of modeled conservatorship capital, see Risk Management - Conservatorship Capital Framework and Risk Management - Conservatorship Capital Framework - Return on Modeled Conservatorship Capital.
n
In addition to transferring a large majority of the expected and stress credit risk, nearly all of our credit risk transfer transactions also shifted certain non-credit risks associated with the underlying assets, such as interest-rate risk and liquidity risk, away from Freddie Mac to third-party investors.
n
Based on the strength of our new business activity and our outstanding purchase commitments for YTD 2018, we expect our credit risk transfer activity for the full year 2018 to exceed our full year 2017 activity.
n
While our K Certificate and SB Certificate issuances continue to be our primary mechanism to transfer multifamily mortgage credit risk and certain non-credit risk, we employ other methods as well and expect to continue to develop new risk transfer initiatives.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
47
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Our Business Segments | Multifamily


Financial Guarantee Activity
Unearned Guarantee Fees on New Guarantee Contracts
(Dollars in millions)
chart-be9e426ae8a25a599f8.jpg chart-b0526e50c7a9599393b.jpg
Remaining Unearned Guarantee Fees
chart-60ace2af0bfc5495855.jpg

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
48
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Our Business Segments | Multifamily


Commentary
n
We earn guarantee fees in exchange for providing our guarantee of some or all of the securities we issue as part of our securitization products. Each time we enter into a financial guarantee contract, we initially recognize unearned guarantee fees on our balance sheet, which represent the present value of future guarantee fees we expect to receive in cash. We recognize these fees in Segment Earnings over the expected remaining guarantee term. While we expect to collect these future fees based on historical performance, the actual amount collected will depend on the performance of the underlying collateral subject to our financial guarantee.
n New unearned guarantee fees decreased during 3Q 2018 compared to 3Q 2017 primarily due to a decrease in the guaranteed UPB of our securitizations, coupled with lower average guarantee fee rates due to underlying loan products that, by their nature and design, have less risk and for which we therefore set a lower guarantee fee rate.
n New unearned guarantee fees increased during YTD 2018 compared to YTD 2017 primarily due to an increase in the guaranteed UPB of our securitizations during YTD 2018, offset by lower average guarantee fee rates due to underlying loan products that, by their nature and design, have less risk and for which we therefore set a lower guarantee fee rate.
n
The remaining balance of unearned guarantee fees increased during YTD 2018, as the increase attributable to the growth of our securitization volume outpaced the decrease due to seasoning and run-off.



Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
49
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Our Business Segments | Multifamily


Financial Results
The table below presents the components of Segment Earnings and comprehensive income for our Multifamily segment.
 
 
 
 
 
Change
 
 
 
 
Change
(Dollars in millions)
 
3Q 2018
3Q 2017
 
$
%
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
 
$
%
Net interest income
 

$277


$342

 

($65
)
(19
)%
 

$841


$905

 

($64
)
(7
)%
Guarantee fee income
 
210

170

 
40

24

 
609

483

 
126

26

Benefit (provision) for credit losses
 
2

(22
)
 
24

109

 
20

(10
)
 
30

300

Gains (losses) on loans and other non-interest income
 
(82
)
183

 
(265
)
(145
)
 
(437
)
831

 
(1,268
)
(153
)
Derivative gains (losses)
 
375

22

 
353

1,605

 
1,254

(31
)
 
1,285

4,145

Administrative expense
 
(109
)
(98
)
 
(11
)
(11
)
 
(315
)
(288
)
 
(27
)
(9
)
Other non-interest expense
 
(14
)
(11
)
 
(3
)
(27
)
 
(32
)
(44
)
 
12

27

Segment Earnings before income tax expense
 
659

586

 
73

12

 
1,940

1,846

 
94

5

Income tax expense
 
(113
)
(212
)
 
99

47

 
(374
)
(634
)
 
260

41

Segment Earnings, net of taxes
 
546

374

 
172

46

 
1,566

1,212

 
354

29

Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 
(44
)
(4
)
 
(40
)
(1,000
)
 
(136
)
65

 
(201
)
(309
)
Total comprehensive income (loss)
 

$502


$370

 

$132

36
 %
 

$1,430


$1,277

 

$153

12
 %
Key Business Drivers:
n
3Q 2018 vs. 3Q 2017
l
Lower net interest yields coupled with a decline in our weighted average portfolio balance of interest-earning assets, resulted in lower net interest income.
l
Continued growth in our multifamily guarantee portfolio, resulted in increased guarantee fee income.
l
Interest rate-related changes in fair value on assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the Multifamily segment are generally offset by derivative gains (losses). Any differences between these interest rate-related changes in fair value and derivative gains (losses) affect Segment Earnings. In 3Q 2018, we recognized larger net gains due to an increase in the difference between these interest rate-related fair value changes and derivative gains (losses) that resulted from the relatively large increase in interest rates and changes in the composition of the assets, liabilities and derivatives recorded at fair value during 3Q 2018.
n
YTD 2018 vs. YTD 2017
l
A decline in our weighted average portfolio balance of interest-earning assets, partially offset by higher prepayment income received from interest-only securities and income on an increased balance of our interest-only securities, resulted in lower net interest income.
l
Continued growth in our multifamily guarantee portfolio resulted in increased guarantee fee income.
l
Interest rate-related changes in fair value on assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the Multifamily segment are generally offset by derivative gains (losses). Any differences between these interest rate-related changes in fair value and derivative gains (losses) affect Segment Earnings. In YTD 2018, we recognized larger net gains due to an increase in the difference

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
50
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Our Business Segments | Multifamily


between these interest rate-related fair value changes and derivative gains (losses) that resulted from the relatively large increase in interest rates and changes in the composition of the assets, liabilities and derivatives recorded at fair value during YTD 2018.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
51
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Our Business Segments | Capital Markets


Capital Markets
Market Conditions
The following graphs and related discussion present the par swap rate curves as of the end of each comparative period. Changes in par swap rates can significantly affect the fair value of our debt, derivatives and mortgage and non-mortgage-related securities. In addition, the GAAP accounting treatment for our financial assets and liabilities, including derivatives (i.e., some are measured at amortized cost, while others are measured at fair value) creates variability in our GAAP earnings when interest rates change. We elect hedge accounting for certain assets and liabilities in an effort to reduce our GAAP earnings variability and better align our GAAP results with the economics of our business.
Par Swap Rate Curves
chart-81c456c00cde5495bc4.jpg
Source: BlackRock

 
chart-042e853e651e535c855.jpg

Commentary
n
The par swap curve flattened during the 2018 periods as short-term interest rates increased more than long-term interest rates. Long-term interest rates increased during the 2018 periods, while rates remained relatively flat during 3Q 2017 and decreased during YTD 2017. The increases in the 2018 periods resulted in larger fair value gains for our pay-fixed interest rate swaps, forward commitments to issue PCs, and futures, partially offset by larger fair value losses for our receive-fixed interest rate swaps, certain of our option-based derivatives and the vast majority of our investments in securities.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
52
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Our Business Segments | Capital Markets


The net amount of these changes in fair value was mostly offset by the change in fair value of the hedged items attributable to interest-rate risk in our hedge accounting programs.
n
As the Capital Markets segment is responsible for managing interest-rate risk for the company, its Segment Earnings may include gains and losses on certain economic hedges on financial assets and liabilities primarily reported in the Single-family Guarantee segment.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
53
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Our Business Segments | Capital Markets


Business Results
The graphs and related discussion below present the business results of our Capital Markets segment.
Investing Activity
The following graphs present the Capital Markets segment's total investments portfolio and the composition of its mortgage investments portfolio by liquidity category.
Investments Portfolio
chart-c72ae23cd2b15537846.jpg
 
Mortgage Investments Portfolio
chart-9f41db11aa985be6b36.jpg
Commentary
n
We continue to reduce the size of our mortgage investments portfolio in order to comply with the mortgage-related investments portfolio year-end limits. The balance of our mortgage investments portfolio declined 8.1% from December 31, 2017 to September 30, 2018.
n
The balance of our other investments and cash portfolio decreased by 7.7%, primarily due to reduced near term cash needs as of September 30, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017.
n
The percentage of less liquid assets relative to our total mortgage investments portfolio declined from 28.4% at December 31, 2017 to 27.7% at September 30, 2018. We continued to actively reduce our holdings of less liquid assets during YTD 2018 by selling $6.2 billion of reperforming loans and $2.2 billion of non-agency mortgage-related securities. Our sales of reperforming loans involved securitization of the loans using senior subordinate structures.
n
The overall liquidity of our mortgage investments portfolio continued to improve as our less liquid assets decreased at a faster pace than the overall decline of our mortgage investments portfolio.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
54
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Our Business Segments | Capital Markets


Net Interest Yield and Average Balances
Net Interest Yield & Average Investments Portfolio Balances
(UPB in billions)
chart-7b9e77130cf55f10852.jpgchart-89f9e1ed729d542cbd9.jpg
Commentary
n
Net interest yield increased 33 and 22 basis points during 3Q 2018 compared to 3Q 2017 and YTD 2018 compared to YTD 2017, respectively, primarily due to:
l
Higher yields on our newly acquired mortgage-related assets and other investments as a result of increases in interest rates;
l
Changes in our investment mix due to reductions in both our less liquid assets and the percentage of our other investments and cash portfolio relative to our total investments portfolio; and
l
Larger benefit from funding provided by non-interest bearing liabilities due to increases in both short-term interest rates and the percentage of non-interest bearing liabilities relative to our total liabilities.
n Capital Markets segment net interest yield in the graph above is not affected by our hedge accounting programs. See Note 13 in our 2017 Annual Report for more information.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
55
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Our Business Segments | Capital Markets


Financial Results
The table below presents the components of Segment Earnings and comprehensive income for our Capital Markets segment.
 
 
 
 
 
Change
 
 
 
 
Change
(Dollars in millions)
 
3Q 2018
3Q 2017
 
$
%
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
 
$
%
Net interest income
 

$923


$804

 

$119

15
 %
 

$2,602


$2,608

 

($6
)
—
 %
Net impairment of available-for-sale securities recognized in earnings
 
7

50

 
(43
)
(86
)
 
144

194

 
(50
)
(26
)
Derivative gains (losses)
 
427

(324
)
 
751

232

 
2,038

(757
)
 
2,795

369

Gains (losses) on trading securities
 
(286
)
(26
)
 
(260
)
(1,000
)
 
(989
)
(207
)
 
(782
)
(378
)
Other non-interest income
 
327

5,754

 
(5,427
)
(94
)
 
1,423

6,916

 
(5,493
)
(79
)
Administrative expense
 
(89
)
(73
)
 
(16
)
(22
)
 
(262
)
(242
)
 
(20
)
(8
)
Segment Earnings before income tax expense
 
1,309

6,185

 
(4,876
)
(79
)
 
4,956

8,512

 
(3,556
)
(42
)
Income tax expense
 
(214
)
(2,143
)
 
1,929

90

 
(957
)
(2,921
)
 
1,964

67

Segment Earnings, net of taxes
 
1,095

4,042

 
(2,947
)
(73
)
 
3,999

5,591

 
(1,592
)
(28
)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 
(101
)
(17
)
 
(84
)
(494
)
 
(847
)
261

 
(1,108
)
(425
)
Total comprehensive income (loss)
 

$994


$4,025

 

($3,031
)
(75
)%
 

$3,152


$5,852

 

($2,700
)
(46
)%
The portion of total comprehensive income (loss) driven by interest rate-related and market spread-related fair value changes, after-tax, is presented in the table below. These amounts affect various line items in the table above, including net interest income, derivative gains (losses), gains (losses) on trading securities, other non-interest income, income tax expense and total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax.
 
 
 
 
 
Change
 
 
 
 
Change
(Dollars in billions)
 
3Q 2018
3Q 2017
 
$
%
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
 
$
%
Interest rate-related
 

($0.1
)

($0.1
)
 

$—

—
 %
 

($0.1
)

($0.2
)
 

$0.1

50
 %
Market spread-related
 
0.1

0.5

 
(0.4
)
(80
)
 
0.3

0.8

 
(0.5
)
(63
)
Key Business Drivers:
n
3Q 2018 vs. 3Q 2017 and YTD 2018 vs. YTD 2017
l
Increased net interest income during the 2018 periods primarily due to:
l
Higher yields on our newly acquired mortgage-related assets and other investments as a result of increases in interest rates;
l
Changes in our investment mix due to reductions in both our less liquid assets and the percentage of our other investments and cash portfolio relative to our total investments portfolio; and
l
Larger benefit from funding provided by non-interest bearing liabilities due to increases in both short-term interest rates and the percentage of non-interest bearing liabilities relative to our total liabilities.
l Relatively flat interest rate-related fair value losses during the 2018 periods. Long-term interest rates increased during the 2018 periods, while rates remained relatively flat during 3Q 2017 and decreased during YTD 2017, resulting in higher fair value losses for the vast majority of our

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
56
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Our Business Segments | Capital Markets


investments in securities (some of which are recorded in other comprehensive income), our receive-fixed interest rate swaps, and certain of our option-based derivatives offset by higher fair value gains for our pay-fixed interest rate swaps, forward commitments to issue PCs, and futures. The net amount of these changes in fair value was mostly offset by the change in fair value of the hedged items attributable to interest-rate risk in our hedge accounting programs. The remaining amount of interest rate-related fair value changes was primarily attributable to the reversal of previously recognized derivative gains and losses and the implied net cost on instruments such as swaptions, futures, and forward purchase and sale commitments from our hedging and interest-rate risk management activities. See Market Risk for additional information on the effect of market-related items on our comprehensive income.
l
Decreased spread related gains during the 2018 periods due to lower non-agency mortgage-related securities balances and less spread tightening.
l Recognition of $4.5 billion in proceeds received during the 2017 periods from the RBS settlement related to certain of our non-agency mortgage related securities.
l Decreased amortization of debt securities of consolidated trusts during the 2018 periods driven by a decrease in prepayments as a result of higher interest rates.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
57
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Risk Management | Conservatorship Capital Framework



RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk is an inherent part of our business activities. We are exposed to four major types of risk: credit risk, operational risk, market risk and liquidity risk.
For more discussion of these and other risks facing our business and our risk management framework, see MD&A - Risk Management and Risk Factors in our 2017 Annual Report and Liquidity and Capital Resources in this report and in our 2017 Annual Report. See below for updates since our 2017 Annual Report.
Conservatorship Capital Framework
In May 2017, FHFA, as Conservator, issued guidance to us to evaluate and manage our financial risk and to make economic business decisions, while in conservatorship, utilizing a newly-developed risk-based Conservatorship Capital Framework (CCF), an economic capital system with detailed formulae provided by FHFA. The CCF also provides the foundation for the risk-based component of the proposed Enterprise Capital Rule published by FHFA in the Federal Register in July 2018.
The CCF is used to establish the modeled capital needed to evaluate business decisions and ensure the company makes such decisions prudently when pricing transactions and managing its businesses. This return-versus-risk framework focuses on the profits earned versus an estimated cost of equity capital needed to support the risk assumed to generate those profits. Management relies upon this framework in its decision-making.
The existing regulatory capital requirements have been suspended by FHFA during conservatorship. Consequently, we refer to the capital needed by the CCF for analysis of transactions and businesses as “modeled conservatorship capital" or simply "CCF capital."
Under the Purchase Agreement, we are not able to permanently retain total equity, as calculated under GAAP, in excess of the $3.0 billion Capital Reserve Amount. As a result, we do not have capital sufficient to support our aggregate risk-taking activities. Instead, we rely upon the Purchase Agreement to maintain market confidence.
Return on Modeled Conservatorship Capital
The table below provides the return on CCF capital, calculated as (1) annualized comprehensive income for the period divided by (2) average CCF capital during the period. Each quarter, we consider whether certain “significant items” occurred that should be excluded from comprehensive income and our calculation of return on CCF capital. If we have identified significant items in any of the periods presented, we also include comprehensive income excluding significant items as well as an adjusted return on CCF capital based on comprehensive income excluding significant items, both non-GAAP measures. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures are more useful to investors as they better reflect our on-going financial results.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
58
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Risk Management | Conservatorship Capital Framework



All modeled conservatorship capital figures presented below are based on the CCF as of September 30, 2018. The CCF has been and may be further revised by FHFA from time to time, and may be revised specifically in connection with FHFA's consideration and adoption of a final Enterprise Capital Rule, which could result in changes, possibly material, in our modeled conservatorship capital. For example, the Enterprise Capital Rule proposed by FHFA in 2Q 2018 includes capital for deferred tax assets, which is not included in the CCF currently, but which is scheduled to be included beginning in 2019.
The return on CCF capital shown in the table below is not based on our total equity and does not reflect actual returns on total equity. We do not believe that returns on total equity are meaningful because of the limitations on the amount of total equity that we are able to permanently retain under the Purchase Agreement.
(Dollars in billions)
 
3Q 2018
3Q 2017
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
GAAP comprehensive income
 
$2.6
$4.7
$7.1
$8.9
Significant items:
 
 
 
 
 
Non-agency mortgage-related securities settlement and judgment (1) (2)
 
—
(4.5)
(0.3)
(4.5)
Tax effect related to settlement and judgment (1) (2)
 
—
1.6
0.1
1.6
   Total significant items (3)
 
—
(2.9)
(0.2)
(2.9)
Comprehensive income, excluding significant items (3)
 
$2.6
$1.8
$6.9
$6.0
CCF capital (average during the period)
 
$51.9
$59.0
$53.6
$61.7
Return on CCF capital, based on GAAP comprehensive income
 
19.7%
31.5%
17.8%
19.2%
Adjusted return on CCF capital, based on comprehensive income excluding significant items (3)
 
19.7%
11.6%
17.1%
12.8%
(1)
3Q 2017 and YTD 2017 GAAP comprehensive income included settlement proceeds of $4,525 million (pre-tax) from the RBS related to litigation involving certain of our non-agency mortgage-related securities. The tax effect related to this settlement was ($1,584) million.
(2)
YTD 2018 GAAP comprehensive income included a benefit of $334 million (pre-tax) from a final judgment against Nomura Holding America, Inc. in litigation involving certain of our non-agency mortgage-related securities. The tax effect related to this judgment was ($70) million.
(3)
No significant items were identified for 3Q 2018. Numbers for 3Q 2018 included for comparison purposes only.
Our adjusted returns on CCF capital increased over the last several quarters due to our decreasing level of CCF capital needed, resulting from home price improvements, the efficient disposition of legacy assets and the increasing credit risk transfer activity in both our Single-family Guarantee and Multifamily segments.
Our three business segments have different capital requirements, returns and profitability. The return on CCF capital for our Single-family Guarantee segment, which has FHFA-prescribed guidance on guarantee fee levels, is generally lower than the company's overall return, while the returns in our Multifamily and Capital Markets segments are generally higher.
We find the returns calculated above, as well as the returns calculated on specific transactions and individual business lines, to be a reasonable measure of return-versus-risk to support our decision-making while we remain in conservatorship. These returns may not be indicative of the returns that would be generated if we were to exit conservatorship, especially as the terms and timing of any such exit are not currently known and will depend upon future actions by the U.S. government. Our belief, should we leave conservatorship, is that returns at that time would most likely be below the levels

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
59
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Risk Management | Conservatorship Capital Framework



calculated above, assuming the same portfolio of risk assets, as we expect that we would hold capital post-conservatorship above the minimum required regulatory capital. It is also likely that we would be required to pay fees for federal government support, thereby reducing our total comprehensive income.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
60
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Risk Management | Market Risk

Market Risk
Our business segments have embedded exposure to market risk, including interest-rate and spread risks. Interest-rate risk is consolidated and primarily managed by the Capital Markets segment, while spread risk is owned and managed by each individual business segment. Market risk can adversely affect future cash flows, or economic value, as well as earnings and net worth.
Economic Market Risk
The majority of our interest-rate risk comes from our investments in mortgage-related assets (securities and loans) and the debt we issue to fund them. Our primary goal in managing interest-rate risk is to reduce the amount of change in the value of our future cash flows due to future changes in interest rates. We use models to analyze possible future interest-rate scenarios, along with the cash flows of our assets and liabilities over those scenarios.
Our primary interest-rate risk measures are duration gap and PMVS. Duration gap measures the difference in price sensitivity to interest rate changes between our financial assets and liabilities and is expressed in months relative to the market value of assets. PMVS is our estimate of the change in the market value of our financial assets and liabilities from an instantaneous shock to interest rates, assuming spreads are held constant and no rebalancing actions are undertaken. PMVS is measured in two ways, one measuring the estimated sensitivity of our portfolio market value to a 50 basis point parallel movement in interest rates (PMVS-L) and the other to a non-parallel movement resulting from a 25 basis point change in slope of the LIBOR yield curve (PMVS-YC). While we believe that duration gap and PMVS are useful risk management tools, they should be understood as estimates rather than as precise measurements.
The following tables provide our duration gap, estimated point-in-time and minimum and maximum PMVS-L and PMVS-YC results, and an average of the daily values and standard deviation. The tables below also provide PMVS-L estimates assuming an immediate 100 basis point shift in the LIBOR yield curve. The interest-rate sensitivity of a mortgage portfolio varies across a wide range of interest rates.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
PMVS-YC
 
PMVS-L
 
PMVS-YC
 
PMVS-L
(In millions)
 
25 bps
 
50 bps
100 bps
 
25 bps
 
50 bps
100 bps
Assuming shifts of the LIBOR yield curve, (gains) losses on:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 

($535
)
 

($5,659
)

($11,162
)
 

$463

 

$5,587


$11,446

Liabilities
 
(156
)
 
2,062

3,950

 
185

 
(2,377
)
(4,968
)
Derivatives
 
702

 
3,591

7,188

 
(646
)
 
(3,200
)
(6,477
)
Total
 

$11

 

($6
)

($24
)
 

$2

 

$10


$1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PMVS
 

$11

 

$—


$—

 

$2

 

$10


$1

(1)
The categorization of the PMVS impact between assets, liabilities and derivatives on this table is based upon the economic characteristics of those assets and liabilities, not their accounting classification. For example, purchase and sale commitments of mortgage-related securities and debt securities of consolidated trusts held by the mortgage-related investments portfolio are both categorized as assets on this table.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
61
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Risk Management | Market Risk

 
 
3Q 2018
 
3Q 2017
(Duration gap in months, dollars in millions)
 
Duration
Gap
PMVS-YC
25 bps
PMVS-L
50 bps
 
Duration
Gap
PMVS-YC
25 bps
PMVS-L
50 bps
Average
 
—


$12


$18

 
—


$9


$35

Minimum
 
(0.2
)
—

—

 
(0.4
)
—

—

Maximum
 
0.3

21

49

 
0.4

26

78

Standard deviation
 
0.1

5

15

 
0.2

7

17

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
YTD 2018
 
YTD 2017
(Duration gap in months, dollars in millions)
 
Duration
Gap
PMVS-YC
25 bps
PMVS-L
50 bps
 
Duration
Gap
PMVS-YC
25 bps
PMVS-L
50 bps
Average
 
—


$11


$17

 
0.1


$7


$16

Minimum
 
(0.4
)
—

—

 
(0.4
)
—

—

Maximum
 
0.3

31

77

 
0.8

26

78

Standard deviation
 
0.1

6

17

 
0.2

6

20

Derivatives enable us to reduce our economic interest-rate risk exposure as we continue to align our derivative portfolio with the changing duration of our economically hedged assets and liabilities. The table below shows that the PMVS-L risk levels, assuming a 50 basis point shift in the LIBOR yield curve for the periods presented, would have been higher if we had not used derivatives.
 
 
PMVS-L (50 bps)
 
 
(In millions)
 
Before
Derivatives
After
Derivatives
 
Effect of
Derivatives
September 30, 2018
 

$3,576


$—

 

($3,576
)
December 31, 2017
 
3,210

10

 
(3,200
)
GAAP Earnings Variability
The GAAP accounting treatment for our financial assets and liabilities (i.e., some are measured at amortized cost, while others are measured at fair value) creates variability in our GAAP earnings when interest rates and spreads change. This variability of GAAP earnings, which may not reflect the economics of our business, increases the risk of our having a negative net worth and thus being required to draw from Treasury.
Interest-rate Volatility
While we manage our interest-rate risk exposure on an economic basis to a low level as measured by our models, our GAAP financial results are still subject to significant earnings variability from period to period. Based upon the composition of our financial assets and liabilities, including derivatives, at September 30, 2018, we generally recognize fair value losses in GAAP earnings when interest rates decline.
In an effort to reduce our GAAP earnings variability and better align our GAAP results with the economics of our business, we elect hedge accounting for certain single-family mortgage loans and certain debt instruments. See Note 9 for additional information on hedge accounting.
The table below presents the effect of derivatives used in our interest-rate risk management activities on our comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, after considering any offsetting interest rate effects related to financial instruments measured at fair value and the effects of fair value hedge accounting.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
62
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Risk Management | Market Risk

(In billions)
 
3Q 2018
3Q 2017
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
Interest-rate effect on derivative fair values
 

$1.4


$—

 

$5.5


($0.6
)
Estimate of offsetting interest-rate effect related to financial instruments measured at fair value(1)
 
(1.0
)
—

 
(3.6
)
—

Gains (losses) on mortgage loans and debt in fair value hedge relationships
 
(0.6
)
—

 
(2.5
)
0.4

Amortization of deferred hedge accounting gains and losses
 
0.1

—

 
0.2

—

Income tax (expense) benefit
 
—

—

 
0.1

0.1

Estimated net interest rate effect on comprehensive income (loss)
 

($0.1
)

$—



($0.3
)

($0.1
)
(1)
Includes the interest-rate effect on our trading securities, available-for-sale securities, mortgage loans held-for-sale and other assets and debt for which we elected the fair value option, which is reflected in other non-interest income (loss) and total other comprehensive income (loss) on our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
The effect from the change in interest rates on derivative fair values is mostly offset by the effect from the change in interest rates related to financial instruments measured at fair value and gains and losses on mortgage loans and debt in fair value hedging relationships. The remaining net interest-rate effect on comprehensive income is largely attributable to the reversal of previously recognized derivative gains and losses and the implied net cost on instruments such as swaptions, futures, and forward purchase and sale commitments from our hedging and interest-rate risk management activities. These remaining effects are recognized in GAAP earnings over time as a component of derivative gains and losses as the instruments approach maturity and are partially offset by the amortization of previously deferred hedge accounting gains and losses.
We evaluate the potential benefits of fair value hedge accounting by evaluating a range of interest rate scenarios and identifying which of those scenarios produces the most adverse GAAP earnings outcome. The interest rate scenarios evaluated include parallel shifts in the yield curve of plus and minus 100 basis points, non-parallel yield curve shifts in which long-term interest rates increase or decrease by 100 basis points and non-parallel yield curve shifts in which short-term and medium-term interest rates increase or decrease by 100 basis points.
n At September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the GAAP adverse scenario before and after fair value hedge accounting was a non-parallel shift in which long-term rates decrease by 100 basis points.
The results of this evaluation are shown in the table below.
 
 
GAAP Adverse Scenario (Before-Tax)
(Dollars in billions)
 
Before Hedge Accounting
After Hedge Accounting
% Change
September 30, 2018
 

($3.3
)

($0.5
)
85
%
September 30, 2017
 
(2.8
)
(1.2
)
58

Spread Volatility
We have limited ability to manage our spread risk exposure in a cost beneficial manner and therefore the volatility of market spreads may contribute to significant GAAP earnings variability. For financial assets measured at fair value, we generally recognize fair value losses when market spreads widen. Conversely, for financial liabilities measured at fair value, we generally recognize fair value gains when market spreads widen.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
63
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Risk Management | Market Risk

The table below shows the estimated effect of spreads on our comprehensive income (loss), after tax, by segment.
(In billions)
 
3Q 2018
3Q 2017
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
Capital Markets
 

$0.1


$0.5

 

$0.3


$0.8

Multifamily
 
—

—

 
0.1

—

Single-family Guarantee(1)
 
—

—

 
—

(0.2
)
Spread effect on comprehensive income (loss)
 

$0.1


$0.5



$0.4


$0.6

(1)
Represents spread exposure on certain STACR debt securities for which we have elected the fair value option.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
64
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources | Sources of Liquidity and Capital

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Sources of Liquidity and Capital
Our business activities require that we maintain adequate liquidity to fund our operations. We also must maintain adequate capital resources to avoid being placed into receivership by FHFA. For further discussion of our liquidity framework and profile, see MD&A - Liquidity and Capital Resources in our 2017 Annual Report.
Primary Sources of Liquidity, Funding and Capital
The following table lists the sources of our liquidity, funding and capital, the balances as of 3Q 2018 and a brief description of their importance to Freddie Mac.
Source
Balance(1)
 (In billions)
 
Description
Liquidity
 
 
 
•
Other Investments and Cash Portfolio - Liquidity and Contingency Operating Portfolio

$61.6

•
The liquidity and contingency operating portfolio, included within our other investments and cash portfolio, is primarily used for short-term liquidity management.
•
Liquid Portion of the Mortgage-Related Investments Portfolio

$124.5

•

The liquid portion of our mortgage-related investments portfolio can be pledged or sold for liquidity purposes. The amount of cash we may be able to successfully raise may be substantially less than the balance.
Funding
 
 
 
•
Other Debt

$280.4

•
Other debt is used to fund our business activities, including Single-family guarantee activities not funded by debt securities of consolidated trusts.
•
Debt Securities of Consolidated Trusts

$1,765.0

•

Debt securities of consolidated trusts are used primarily to fund our Single-family guarantee activities. This type of debt is principally repaid by the cash flows of the associated mortgage loans. As a result, our repayment obligation is limited to amounts paid pursuant to our guarantee of principal and interest and to purchase modified or seriously delinquent loans from the trusts.
Capital
 
 
 
•
Net Worth

$5.6

•
GAAP net worth represents capital available prior to our dividend requirement to Treasury under the Purchase Agreement.
•
Available Funding under Purchase Agreement

$140.2

•
FHFA may request that available funding under the Purchase Agreement be drawn on our behalf from Treasury.
(1)
Represents carrying value for the liquidity and contingency operating portfolio, included within our other investments and cash portfolio, and net worth. Represents UPB for the liquid portion of the mortgage-related investments portfolio and debt balances.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
65
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources | Sources of Liquidity and Capital

Other Investments and Cash Portfolio
The investments in our other investments and cash portfolio are important to our cash flow, collateral management, asset and liability management, and our ability to provide liquidity and stability to the mortgage market. The table below summarizes the balances in our other investments and cash portfolio, which includes the liquidity and contingency operating portfolio.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
(In billions)
 
Liquidity and Contingency Operating Portfolio
Custodial Account
Other
Total Other Investments and Cash Portfolio
 
Liquidity and Contingency Operating Portfolio
Custodial Account
Other
Total Other Investments and Cash Portfolio
Cash and cash equivalents(1)
 

$6.3


$0.7


$—


$7.0

 

$9.3


$0.5


$—


$9.8

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
 
32.7

13.0

2.8

48.5

 
38.9

16.8

0.2

55.9

Non-mortgage-related securities
 
22.6

—

2.9

25.5

 
22.2

—

0.6

22.8

Advances to lenders and other secured lending
 
—

—

1.8

1.8

 
—

—

1.3

1.3

Total
 

$61.6


$13.7


$7.5


$82.8



$70.4


$17.3


$2.1


$89.8

(1) The current and prior period presentation has been modified to include restricted cash and cash equivalents due to recently adopted accounting guidance and re-designation of cash collateral posted to us as part of the liquidity and contingency operating portfolio.
Our non-mortgage-related investments in the liquidity and contingency operating portfolio consist of U.S. Treasury securities and other investments that we could sell to provide us with an additional source of liquidity to fund our business operations. We also maintain non-interest-bearing deposits at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. In 3Q 2018, we began to maintain interest bearing deposits at commercial banks.
The liquidity and contingency operating portfolio also includes collateral posted to us in the form of cash primarily by derivatives counterparties of $2.5 billion and $2.4 billion as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. We have invested this collateral in securities purchased under agreements to resell and non-mortgage-related securities as part of our liquidity and contingency operating portfolio, although the collateral may be subject to return to our counterparties based on the terms of our master netting and collateral agreements.
Mortgage-Related Investments Portfolio
We invest principally in mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities, certain categories of which are largely unencumbered and liquid. Our primary source of liquidity among these mortgage assets is our holdings of single-class and multiclass agency securities, excluding certain structured agency securities collateralized by non-agency mortgage-related securities. Our ability to pledge certain of these assets as collateral or sell them enhances our liquidity profile, although the amount of cash we may be able to successfully raise in the event of a liquidity crisis or significant market disruption may be substantially less than the amount of mortgage-related assets we hold. See Conservatorship and Related Matters for additional details on the liquidity of our mortgage-related investments portfolio.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
66
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources | Sources of Liquidity and Capital

Other Debt Activities
We issue other debt to fund our operations. Competition for funding can vary with economic, financial market and regulatory environments. We issue other debt based on a variety of factors including market conditions and our liquidity requirements. We currently favor a mix of derivatives and shorter- and medium-term debt to fund our business and manage interest-rate risk. This funding mix is a less expensive method than relying more extensively on long-term debt.
The tables below summarize the par value and the average rate of other debt securities we issued or paid off, including regularly scheduled principal payments, payments resulting from calls and payments for repurchases. We call, exchange or repurchase our outstanding debt securities from time to time for a variety of reasons, including managing our funding composition and supporting the liquidity of our debt securities.
 
 
3Q 2018
(Dollars in millions)
 
Short-term
Average Rate(1)
Long-term
Average Rate(1)
Discount notes and Reference Bills:
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 

$34,771

1.83
%

$—

—
%
Issuances
 
102,862

1.89

—

—

Repurchases
 
—

—

—

—

Maturities
 
(96,907
)
1.79

—

—

Ending Balance
 
40,726

2.06

—

—

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase:
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 
11,719

1.87

—

—

Additions
 
42,120

1.96

—

—

Repayments
 
(44,113
)
1.92

—

—

Ending Balance
 
9,726

2.03

—

—

Callable debt:
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 
—

—

112,735

1.81

Issuances
 
2,000

2.28

8,400

3.25

Repurchases
 
—

—

—

—

Calls
 
—

—

(348
)
2.77

Maturities
 
—

—

(11,855
)
1.02

Ending Balance
 
2,000

2.28

108,932

2.00

Non-callable debt:(2)
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 
10,462

1.21

108,464

2.96

Issuances
 
10,140

2.03

23

2.77

Repurchases
 
—

—

—

—

Maturities
 
(4,402
)
1.16

(5,709
)
1.22

Ending Balance
 
16,200

1.74

102,778

3.09

Total other debt
 

$68,652

1.98
%

$211,710

2.53
%
Referenced footnote is included after the next table.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
67
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources | Sources of Liquidity and Capital

 
 
YTD 2018
(Dollars in millions)
 
Short-term
Average Rate(1)
Long-term
Average Rate(1)
Discount notes and Reference Bills:
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 

$45,717

1.19
%

$—

—
%
Issuances
 
273,159

1.65

—

—

Repurchases
 
—

—

—

—

Maturities
 
(278,150
)
1.03

—

—

Ending Balance
 
40,726

2.06

—

—

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase:
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 
9,681

1.06

—

—

Additions
 
122,680

1.67

—

—

Repayments
 
(122,635
)
1.59

—

—

Ending Balance
 
9,726

2.03

—

—

Callable debt:
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 
—

—

113,822

1.58

Issuances
 
2,000

2.28

22,150

3.12

Repurchases
 
—

—

(722
)
2.07

Calls
 
—

—

(3,030
)
2.05

Maturities
 
—

—

(23,288
)
1.05

Ending Balance
 
2,000

2.28

108,932

2.00

Non-callable debt:(2)
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 
17,792

1.03

129,094

2.52

Issuances
 
11,965

1.94

13,398

2.42

Repurchases
 
—

—

(1,300
)
1.99

Maturities
 
(13,557
)
1.01

(38,414
)
1.46

Ending Balance
 
16,200

1.74

102,778

3.09

Total other debt
 

$68,652

1.98
%

$211,710

2.53
%
(1)
Average rate is weighted based on par value.
(2)
Includes STACR and SCR debt notes and certain multifamily other debt. STACR and SCR debt notes are subject to prepayment risk as their payments are based upon the performance of a reference pool of mortgage assets that may be prepaid by the related mortgage borrower at any time generally without penalty.
During the 2018 periods, our outstanding other debt balance continued to decline as we reduced our indebtedness along with the decline in our mortgage-related investments portfolio. As a result, our total issuances, excluding securities sold under agreements to repurchase, decreased.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
68
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources | Sources of Liquidity and Capital

The following graphs present our other debt by contractual maturity date and earliest redemption date. The earliest redemption date refers to the earliest call date for callable debt and the contractual maturity date for all other debt.
Contractual Maturity Date as of September 30, 2018(1) chart-804ddae53176538c8a3.jpg
 
Earliest Redemption Date as of September 30, 2018(1) chart-9e2548eb5e775813854.jpg
(1)
STACR and SCR debt notes are subject to prepayment risk as their payments are based upon the performance of a reference pool of mortgage assets that may be prepaid by the related mortgage borrower at any time generally without penalty and are therefore included as a separate category in the graphs.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
69
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources | Sources of Liquidity and Capital

Debt Securities of Consolidated Trusts
The largest component of debt on our condensed consolidated balance sheets is debt securities of consolidated trusts, which relates to securitization transactions that we consolidated for accounting purposes. We issue this type of debt by securitizing mortgage loans primarily to fund the majority of our single-family guarantee activities. When we consolidate securitization trusts, we recognize the following on our condensed consolidated balance sheets:
n
The assets held by the securitization trusts, the majority of which are mortgage loans. We recognized $1,814.8 billion and $1,774.3 billion of mortgage loans, which represented 87.9% and 86.6% of our total assets, as of 3Q 2018 and 4Q 2017, respectively.
n
The debt securities issued by the securitization trusts, the majority of which are PCs. PCs are pass-through securities, where the cash flows of the mortgage loans held by the securitization trust are passed through to the holders of the PCs. We recognized $1,765.0 billion and $1,721.0 billion of debt securities of consolidated trusts, which represented 86.4% and 84.6% of our total debt, as of 3Q 2018 and 4Q 2017, respectively.
Debt securities of consolidated trusts are principally repaid from the cash flows of the mortgage loans held by the securitization trusts that issued the debt securities. In circumstances when the cash flows of the mortgage loans are not sufficient to repay the debt, we make up the shortfall because we have guaranteed the payment of principal and interest on the debt. In certain circumstances, we have the right and/or obligation to purchase the loan from the trust prior to its contractual maturity.
The table below shows the issuance and extinguishment activity for the debt securities of our consolidated trusts.
(In millions)
 
3Q 2018
YTD 2018
Beginning balance
 

$1,700,480


$1,672,605

Issuances:
 
 
 
New issuances to third parties
 
48,971

134,907

Additional issuances of securities
 
52,666

141,941

Total issuances
 
101,637

276,848

Extinguishments:
 
 
 
Purchases of debt securities from third parties
 
(11,752
)
(31,365
)
Debt securities received in settlement of advances to lenders
 
(6,878
)
(18,378
)
Repayments of debt securities
 
(63,640
)
(179,863
)
Total extinguishments
 
(82,270
)
(229,606
)
Ending balance
 
1,719,847

1,719,847

Unamortized premiums and discounts
 
45,198

45,198

Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties
 

$1,765,045


$1,765,045


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
70
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources | Capital


Capital
Our entry into conservatorship resulted in significant changes to the assessment of our capital adequacy and our management of capital. Under the Purchase Agreement, Treasury made a commitment to provide us with equity funding, under certain conditions, to eliminate deficits in our net worth. As of September 30, 2018, our net worth was $5.6 billion and the amount of available funding remaining under the Purchase Agreement was $140.2 billion. See Note 2 for details of the support we receive from Treasury.
The table below presents activity related to our net worth during 3Q 2018 and YTD 2018.
(In millions)
 
3Q 2018
YTD 2018
Beginning balance
 

$4,585


($312
)
Comprehensive income (loss)
 
2,559

7,144

Capital draw from Treasury
 
—

312

Senior preferred stock dividends declared
 
(1,585
)
(1,585
)
Total equity / net worth
 

$5,559


$5,559

Aggregate draws under Purchase Agreement
 

$71,648


$71,648

Aggregate cash dividends paid to Treasury
 
113,978

113,978



Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
71
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources | Cash Flows


Cash Flows
We evaluate our cash flow performance by comparing the net cash flows from operating and investing activities to the net cash flows required to finance those activities. The following graphs present the results of these activities for YTD 2017 and YTD 2018.
 
Operating Cash Flows Investing Cash Flows Financing Cash Flows
chart-58e18b2875c65a97bfb.jpgchart-6e3c90b7740e57e1bae.jpgchart-ae25171807805de59fc.jpg
Commentary    
n
Cash provided by operating activities decreased $1.9 billion primarily due to:
l
An increase in net sales of held-for-sale loans, driven by an increase in the volume of our multifamily securitizations.
n
Cash provided by investing activities decreased $34.1 billion primarily due to:
l
A decrease in net proceeds received from sales and maturities of investment securities due to our continued reduction of the mortgage-related investments portfolio as required by the Purchase Agreement and FHFA; and
l
An increase in single-family loan purchases for cash coupled with reduced repayments of single-family loans driven by higher mortgage interest rates.
n
Cash used in financing activities decreased $39.5 billion primarily due to:
l
An increase in proceeds from issuance of debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties due to an increase in the volume of single-family PC issuances for cash;
l
A decrease in payments of cash dividends on senior preferred stock; and
l
Reduced repayments of debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties due to lower single-family liquidation rates.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
72
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Conservatorship and Related Matters


CONSERVATORSHIP AND RELATED MATTERS
Reducing Our Mortgage-Related Investments Portfolio Over Time
The table below presents the UPB of our mortgage-related investments portfolio for purposes of the limit imposed by the Purchase Agreement and FHFA regulation. The cap for this portfolio will decrease to $250 billion at December 31, 2018.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
(Dollars in millions)
 
Liquid
Securitiz-ation Pipeline
Less Liquid
Total
 
Liquid
Securitiz-ation Pipeline
Less Liquid
Total
Capital Markets segment - Mortgage investments portfolio:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Single-family unsecuritized loans
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 

Performing loans
 

$—


$11,720


$—


$11,720

 

$—


$9,999


$—


$9,999

Reperforming loans
 
—

—

43,861

43,861

 
—

—

46,666

46,666

Total single-family unsecuritized loans
 
—

11,720

43,861

55,581


—

9,999

46,666

56,665

Freddie Mac mortgage-related securities
 
113,179

—

3,272

116,451

 
123,905

—

3,817

127,722

Non-agency mortgage-related securities
 
701

—

2,600

3,301

 
749

—

5,152

5,901

Other Non-Freddie Mac agency mortgage-related securities
 
4,384

—

—

4,384

 
5,211

—

—

5,211

Total Capital Markets segment - Mortgage investments portfolio
 
118,264

11,720

49,733

179,717

 
129,865

9,999

55,635

195,499

Single-family Guarantee segment - Single-family unsecuritized seriously delinquent loans
 
—

—

9,254

9,254

 
—

—

12,267

12,267

Multifamily segment:
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
Unsecuritized loans
 
—

17,820

13,849

31,669

 
—

19,653

18,585

38,238

Mortgage-related securities
 
6,281

—

883

7,164

 
6,181

—

1,270

7,451

Total Multifamily segment
 
6,281

17,820

14,732

38,833

 
6,181

19,653

19,855

45,689

Total mortgage-related investments portfolio
 

$124,545


$29,540


$73,719


$227,804

 

$136,046


$29,652


$87,757


$253,455

Percentage of total mortgage-related investments portfolio
 
55
%
13
%
32
%
100
%
 
54
%
12
%
34
%
100
%
Mortgage-related investments portfolio cap at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 

$250,000

 
 
 
 

$288,408

90% of mortgage-related investments portfolio cap at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017(1)
 
 
 
 

$225,000

 
 
 
 

$259,567

(1)
Represents the amount to which we manage under our Retained Portfolio Plan, subject to certain exceptions.
The decline in our mortgage-related investments portfolio during YTD 2018 was primarily due to repayments.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
73
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Conservatorship and Related Matters


While we continued to purchase new single-family seriously delinquent loans and multifamily unsecuritized loans, which are classified as held-for-investment, our active disposition of less liquid assets included the following:
n
Sales of $8.7 billion in UPB of less liquid single-family assets, including $6.2 billion in UPB of single-family reperforming loans, $2.2 billion in UPB of single-family non-agency mortgage-related securities, and $0.3 billion in UPB of seriously delinquent unsecuritized single-family loans;
n
Securitizations of $0.6 billion in UPB of less liquid multifamily loans; and
n
Transfers of $0.7 billion in UPB of less liquid multifamily loans to the securitization pipeline.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
74
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Regulation and Supervision


REGULATION AND SUPERVISION
In addition to our oversight by FHFA as our Conservator, we are subject to regulation and oversight by FHFA under our Charter and the GSE Act and to certain regulation by other government agencies. Furthermore, regulatory activities by other government agencies can affect us indirectly, even if we are not directly subject to such agencies’ regulation or oversight. For example, regulations that modify requirements applicable to the purchase or servicing of mortgages can affect us.
Federal Housing Finance Agency
Affordable Housing Fund Allocations
The GSE Act requires us to set aside in each fiscal year an amount equal to 4.2 basis points of each dollar of total new business purchases and pay this amount to certain housing funds. During 3Q 2018 and YTD 2018, we completed $99 billion and $278 billion, respectively, of new business purchases subject to this requirement and accrued $42 million and $117 million, respectively, of related expense. We expect to pay the YTD 2018 expense amount (and any additional amounts accrued based on our new business purchases during the remainder of 2018) in February 2019. We are prohibited from passing through these costs to the originators of the loans that we purchase.
Legislative and Regulatory Developments
Affordable Housing Goals Results for 2017
In October 2018, FHFA informed us that it had reviewed our performance with respect to the affordable housing goals for 2017, and preliminarily determined that we achieved three of our five single-family affordable housing goals and all three of our multifamily goals. Our performance on the goals, as preliminarily determined, is set forth in the table below. We may achieve a single-family housing goal by meeting or exceeding either:
n
the FHFA benchmark for that goal (Goals); or
n
the actual share of the market that meets the criteria for that goal (Market Levels).
 
 
 
Goals for 2017
 
Market Levels for 2017
 
Preliminary Results for 2017
 
 
Single-family purchase money goals (benchmark levels)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Low-income goal
 
24
%
 
24.3
%
 
23.2
%
 
Very low-income goal
 
6
%
 
5.9
%
 
5.7
%
 
Low-income areas goal
 
18
%
 
21.5
%
 
20.9
%
 
Low-income areas subgoal
 
14
%
 
17.1
%
 
16.4
%
 
Single-family refinance (benchmark level)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Low-income goal
 
21
%
 
25.4
%
 
24.8
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multifamily (benchmark levels in units)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Low-income goal
 
300,000

 
N/A

 
408,096

 
Very low-income subgoal
 
60,000

 
N/A

 
92,274

 
Small property low-income subgoal
 
10,000

 
N/A

 
39,473


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
75
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Regulation and Supervision


Final Rule on Corporate Governance
On October 19, 2018, FHFA published in the Federal Register a final rule on the responsibilities of boards of directors, corporate practices, and corporate governance. The final rule amends the existing regulation pertaining to Federal Home Loan Bank strategic business plans so that it applies as well to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, with certain changes. The final rule requires the boards of directors for Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae to have in effect at all times a strategic business plan, review the plan at least annually, re-adopt the plan at least once every three years, and establish reporting requirements for and monitor implementation of the plan. The final rule also adds a new provision requiring the strategic business plan to identify current and emerging risks.
Proposed Rule on Uniform Mortgage-Backed Securities
On September 17, 2018, FHFA published in the Federal Register a proposed rule on the new Uniform Mortgage-Backed Security (UMBS). The proposed rule is intended to improve the liquidity of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae (the Enterprises) “To-Be-Announced” (TBA)-eligible mortgage-backed securities (MBS) by requiring the Enterprises to maintain policies that promote aligned investor cash flows both on current TBA-eligible MBS, and, upon implementation, on the UMBS, a common, fungible MBS that will be eligible for trading in the TBA market for fixed-rate mortgage loans backed by 1-4 unit (single-family) properties. Implementation of requirements established by a final rule could affect our business practices in the future.
Final Rule on Indemnification
On October 4, 2018, FHFA published in the Federal Register a final rule on indemnification payments. The final rule establishes standards for identifying whether certain indemnification payments by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, or any of the Federal Home Loan Banks are prohibited or permissible. The final rule does not apply to any regulated entity operating in conservatorship.
Updated Capital Requirements for Mortgage Insurers
On September 27, 2018, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae published revised Private Mortgage Insurer Eligibility Requirements (PMIERs) for private mortgage insurance companies that insure mortgage loans either owned or guaranteed by the Enterprises. The revised eligibility requirements, which reflect changes to the financial and operational requirements for mortgage insurance counterparties, become effective on March 31, 2019.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
76
Management's Discussion and Analysis
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
We enter into certain off-balance sheet arrangements related to our securitization activities involving guaranteed loans and mortgage-related securities, though most of our securitization activities are on-balance sheet. For a description of our off-balance sheet arrangements, see MD&A - Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements in our 2017 Annual Report. See Note 3 and Note 5 for more information on our off-balance sheet securitization and guarantee activities.
Our maximum potential off-balance sheet exposure to credit losses relating to these securitization activities and guarantees is primarily represented by the UPB of the underlying loans and securities, which was $241.6 billion and $215.7 billion at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
77
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Forward-Looking Statements


FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
We regularly communicate information concerning our business activities to investors, the news media, securities analysts and others as part of our normal operations. Some of these communications, including this Form 10-Q, contain "forward-looking statements." Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements pertaining to the conservatorship, our current expectations and objectives for the Single-family Guarantee, Multifamily and Capital Markets segments of our business, our efforts to assist the housing market, our liquidity and capital management, economic and market conditions and trends, our market share, the effect of legislative and regulatory developments and new accounting guidance, the credit quality of loans we own or guarantee, the costs and benefits of our credit risk transfer transactions and our results of operations and financial condition on a GAAP, Segment Earnings and fair value basis. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. Forward-looking statements are often accompanied by, and identified with, terms such as "could," "may," "will," "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "forecast" and similar phrases. These statements are not historical facts, but rather represent our expectations based on current information, plans, judgments, assumptions, estimates and projections. Actual results may differ significantly from those described in or implied by such forward-looking statements due to various factors and uncertainties, including those described in the Risk Factors section of our 2017 Annual Report, and:
n
The actions the U.S. government (including FHFA, Treasury and Congress) may take, or require us to take, including to support the housing markets or to implement FHFA’s Conservatorship Scorecards and other objectives for us;
n
The effect of the restrictions on our business due to the conservatorship and the Purchase Agreement, including our dividend requirement on the senior preferred stock;
n
Changes in our Charter or in applicable legislative or regulatory requirements (including any legislation affecting the future status of our company);
n
Changes in the fiscal and monetary policies of the Federal Reserve, including the balance sheet normalization program announced in October 2017 to reduce the Federal Reserve's holdings of mortgage-related securities;
n
Changes in tax laws, including those made by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted in December 2017;
n
Changes in accounting policies, practices or guidance (e.g., FASB's accounting standards update related to the measurement of credit losses of financial instruments);
n
Changes in economic and market conditions, including changes in employment rates, interest rates, spreads and home prices;
n
Changes in the U.S. residential mortgage market, including changes in the supply and type of loan products (e.g., refinance vs. purchase and fixed-rate vs. ARM);
n
The success of our efforts to mitigate our losses on our legacy and relief refinance single-family loan portfolio;
n
The success of our strategy to transfer mortgage credit risk through STACR debt note, ACIS, K Certificate, SB Certificate and other credit risk transfer transactions;
n
Our ability to maintain adequate liquidity to fund our operations;
n
Our ability to maintain the security and resiliency of our operational systems and infrastructure (e.g.,

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
78
Management's Discussion and Analysis
Forward-Looking Statements


against cyberattacks);
n
Our ability to effectively execute our business strategies, implement new initiatives and improve efficiency;
n
The adequacy of our risk management framework, including the adequacy of the CCF and our internal capital methodologies for measuring risk;
n
Our ability to manage mortgage credit risk, including the effect of changes in underwriting and servicing practices;
n
Our ability to limit or manage our economic exposure and GAAP earnings exposure to interest-rate volatility and spread volatility, including the availability of derivative financial instruments needed for interest-rate risk management purposes;
n
Our operational ability to issue new securities, make timely and correct payments on securities and provide initial and ongoing disclosures;
n
Changes or errors in the methodologies, models, assumptions and estimates we use to prepare our financial statements, make business decisions and manage risks;
n
Changes in investor demand for our debt or mortgage-related securities;
n
Changes in the practices of loan originators, servicers, investors and other participants in the secondary mortgage market;
n
The occurrence of a major natural or other disaster in areas in which our offices or significant portions of our total mortgage portfolio are located; and
n
Other factors and assumptions described in this Form 10-Q and our 2017 Annual Report, including in the MD&A section.
Forward-looking statements are made only as of the date of this Form 10-Q, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements we make to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this Form 10-Q.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
79
Financial Statements
 


Financial Statements

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
80
Financial Statements
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

FREDDIE MAC
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)
(In millions, except share-related amounts)
 
3Q 2018
3Q 2017
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
Interest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage loans
 

$16,787


$15,867

 

$49,082


$47,680

Investments in securities
 
755

821

 
2,295

2,637

Other
 
261

185

 
703

436

Total interest income
 
17,803

16,873

 
52,080

50,753

Interest expense
 
(14,546
)
(13,384
)
 
(42,802
)
(40,090
)
Net interest income
 
3,257

3,489

 
9,278

10,663

Benefit (provision) for credit losses
 
380

(716
)
 
377

(178
)
Net interest income after benefit (provision) for credit losses
 
3,637

2,773

 
9,655

10,485

Non-interest income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains (losses) on extinguishment of debt
 
146

27

 
403

295

Derivative gains (losses)
 
728

(678
)
 
2,974

(2,076
)
Net impairment of available-for-sale securities recognized in earnings
 
(2
)
(1
)
 
(3
)
(17
)
Other gains (losses) on investment securities recognized in earnings
 
(441
)
723

 
(1,021
)
840

Other income (loss)
 
394

5,403

 
1,526

6,512

Non-interest income (loss)
 
825

5,474

 
3,879

5,554

Non-interest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries and employee benefits
 
(301
)
(272
)
 
(890
)
(813
)
Professional services
 
(120
)
(110
)
 
(335
)
(340
)
Other administrative expense
 
(148
)
(142
)
 
(422
)
(395
)
Total administrative expense
 
(569
)
(524
)
 
(1,647
)
(1,548
)
Real estate owned operations expense
 
(38
)
(35
)
 
(87
)
(128
)
Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of 2011 expense
 
(375
)
(339
)
 
(1,100
)
(990
)
Other expense
 
(218
)
(159
)
 
(619
)
(361
)
Non-interest expense
 
(1,200
)
(1,057
)
 
(3,453
)
(3,027
)
Income (loss) before income tax (expense) benefit
 
3,262

7,190

 
10,081

13,012

Income tax (expense) benefit
 
(556
)
(2,519
)
 
(1,946
)
(4,466
)
Net income (loss)
 
2,706

4,671

 
8,135

8,546

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes and reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) related to available-for-sale securities
 
(169
)
(47
)
 
(1,065
)
246

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) related to cash flow hedge relationships
 
25

26

 
87

81

Changes in defined benefit plans
 
(3
)
—

 
(13
)
(3
)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes and reclassification adjustments
 
(147
)
(21
)
 
(991
)
324

Comprehensive income (loss)
 

$2,559


$4,650

 

$7,144


$8,870

Net income (loss)
 

$2,706


$4,671

 

$8,135


$8,546

Undistributed net worth sweep and senior preferred stock dividends
 
(2,559
)
(4,650
)
 
(4,144
)
(8,870
)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
 

$147


$21

 

$3,991


($324
)
Net income (loss) per common share — basic and diluted
 

$0.05


$0.01

 

$1.23


($0.10
)
Weighted average common shares outstanding (in millions) — basic and diluted
 
3,234

3,234

 
3,234

3,234

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
81
Financial Statements
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

FREDDIE MAC
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
 
 
September 30,
December 31,
(In millions, except share-related amounts)
 
2018
2017
Assets
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents (Notes 1, 3 and 14) (includes $694 and $2,963 of restricted cash and cash equivalents)
 

$7,038


$9,811

Securities purchased under agreements to resell (Notes 3, 10)
 
48,540

55,903

Investments in securities, at fair value (Note 7)
 
75,930

84,318

Mortgage loans held-for-sale (Notes 3, 4) (includes $18,222 and $20,054 at fair value)
 
36,924

34,763

Mortgage loans held-for-investment (Notes 3, 4) (net of allowance for loan losses of $6,946 and $8,966)
 
1,865,504

1,836,454

Accrued interest receivable (Note 3)
 
6,600

6,355

Derivative assets, net (Notes 9, 10)
 
469

375

Deferred tax assets, net (Note 12)
 
7,876

8,107

Other assets (Notes 3, 18) (includes $3,707 and $3,353 at fair value)
 
14,576

13,690

Total assets
 

$2,063,457


$2,049,776

Liabilities and equity
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
Accrued interest payable (Note 3)
 

$6,418


$6,221

Debt, net (Notes 3, 8) (includes $5,329 and $5,799 at fair value)
 
2,041,990

2,034,630

Derivative liabilities, net (Notes 9, 10)
 
295

269

Other liabilities (Notes 3, 18)
 
9,195

8,968

Total liabilities
 
2,057,898

2,050,088

Commitments and contingencies (Notes 5, 9 and 16)
 


Equity (Note 11)
 
 
 
Senior preferred stock (redemption value of $75,648 and $75,336)
 
72,648

72,336

Preferred stock, at redemption value
 
14,109

14,109

Common stock, $0.00 par value, 4,000,000,000 shares authorized, 725,863,886 shares issued and 650,058,775 shares and 650,054,731 shares outstanding
 
—

—

Additional paid-in capital
 
—

—

Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)
 
(76,800
)
(83,261
)
AOCI, net of taxes, related to:
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities (includes $298 and $593, related to net unrealized gains on securities for which other-than-temporary impairment has been recognized in earnings)
 
(260
)
662

Cash flow hedge relationships
 
(342
)
(356
)
Defined benefit plans
 
89

83

Total AOCI, net of taxes
 
(513
)
389

Treasury stock, at cost, 75,805,111 shares and 75,809,155 shares
 
(3,885
)
(3,885
)
Total equity (See Note 11 for information on our dividend requirement to Treasury)
 
5,559

(312
)
Total liabilities and equity
 

$2,063,457


$2,049,776

The table below presents the carrying value and classification of the assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
 
 
September 30,
December 31,
(In millions)
 
2018
2017
Consolidated Balance Sheet Line Item
 
 
 
Assets: (Note 3)
 
 
 
Mortgage loans held-for-investment
 

$1,814,776


$1,774,286

All other assets
 
21,438

25,753

Total assets of consolidated VIEs
 

$1,836,214


$1,800,039

Liabilities: (Note 3)
 
 
 
Debt, net
 

$1,765,045


$1,720,996

All other liabilities
 
5,214

5,030

Total liabilities of consolidated VIEs
 

$1,770,259


$1,726,026

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
82
Financial Statements
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows



FREDDIE MAC
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(In millions)
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
Net cash provided by operating activities
 

$2,895


$4,757

Cash flows from investing activities
 
 
 
Purchases of trading securities
 
(101,700
)
(119,548
)
Proceeds from sales of trading securities
 
94,934

115,727

Proceeds from maturities and repayments of trading securities
 
5,276

6,775

Purchases of available-for-sale securities
 
(14,308
)
(6,361
)
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities
 
16,976

14,695

Proceeds from maturities and repayments of available-for-sale securities
 
4,740

9,541

Purchases of held-for-investment mortgage loans
 
(113,083
)
(92,311
)
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held-for-investment
 
7,121

4,641

Repayments of mortgage loans held-for-investment
 
190,264

206,705

Advances to lenders and other secured lending arrangements
 
(19,407
)
(25,383
)
Net proceeds from dispositions of real estate owned and other recoveries
 
1,054

1,457

Net (increase) decrease in securities purchased under agreements to resell
 
7,363

4,346

Derivative premiums and terminations, swap collateral, and exchange settlement payments, net
 
5,418

(1,646
)
Changes in other assets
 
(321
)
(248
)
Net cash provided by investing activities
 
84,327

118,390

Cash flows from financing activities
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties
 
158,825

135,697

Repayments and redemptions of debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties
 
(211,729
)
(221,844
)
Proceeds from issuance of other debt
 
444,809

461,222

Repayments of other debt
 
(480,625
)
(495,877
)
Increase in liquidation preference of senior preferred stock
 
312

—

Payment of cash dividends on senior preferred stock
 
(1,585
)
(8,695
)
Changes in other liabilities
 
(2
)
(3
)
Net cash used in financing activities
 
(89,995
)
(129,500
)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (includes restricted cash and cash equivalents)
 
(2,773
)
(6,353
)
Cash and cash equivalents (includes restricted cash and cash equivalents) at beginning of year
 
9,811

22,220

Cash and cash equivalents (includes restricted cash and cash equivalents) at end of period
 

$7,038


$15,867

 
 
 
 
Supplemental cash flow information
 
 
 
Cash paid for:
 
 
 
Debt interest
 

$48,915


$47,847

Income taxes
 
2,125

887

Non-cash investing and financing activities (Note 4 and 7)
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
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Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 1


Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE 1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Freddie Mac is a GSE chartered by Congress in 1970. Our public mission is to provide liquidity, stability and affordability to the U.S. housing market. We are regulated by FHFA, the SEC, HUD and Treasury, and are currently operating under the conservatorship of FHFA. For more information on the roles of FHFA and Treasury, see Note 2 in this Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, or 2017 Annual Report. Throughout our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes, we use certain acronyms and terms which are defined in the Glossary of our 2017 Annual Report. Throughout this Form 10-Q, we refer to the three months ended September 30, 2018, the three months ended June 30, 2018, the three months ended March 31, 2018, the three months ended December 31, 2017, and the three months ended September 30, 2017 as "3Q 2018," "2Q 2018," "1Q 2018," "4Q 2017" and "3Q 2017," respectively. We refer to the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as "YTD 2018" and "YTD 2017," respectively.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes in our 2017 Annual Report.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and include our accounts as well as the accounts of other entities in which we have a controlling financial interest. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
We are operating under the basis that we will realize assets and satisfy liabilities in the normal course of business as a going concern and as authorized by FHFA through our Board of Directors and management. Certain amounts in prior periods’ condensed consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. In the opinion of management, our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of our results.
We evaluate the materiality of identified errors in the financial statements using both an income statement, or "rollover," and a balance sheet, or "iron curtain," approach, based on relevant quantitative and qualitative factors. Net income includes certain adjustments to correct immaterial errors related to previously reported periods.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
84
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 1


Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, gains and losses during the reporting period. Management has made significant estimates in preparing the financial statements for establishing the allowance for credit losses and valuing financial instruments and other assets and liabilities. Actual results could be different from these estimates.
Recently Issued Accounting Guidance
Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

Standard
Description
Date of Adoption
Effect on Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) and ASU 2015-14, Topic 606: Deferral of the Effective Date
The amendment requires entities to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2015-14 defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09 for all entities by one year.
January 1, 2018
The adoption of the amendments did not have a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements or on our disclosures.

ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (Subtopic 825-10)
The amendment addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments.
January 1, 2018
The adoption of the amendments did not have a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements or on our disclosures.

ASU 2016-08, Topic 606: Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)
The amendments in this Update do not change the core principle of the guidance in Topic 606. The amendments clarify the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations.
January 1, 2018
The adoption of the amendments did not have a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements or on our disclosures.

ASU 2016-10, Topic 606: Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing
The amendments in this Update do not change the core principle of the guidance in Topic 606, but they clarify two issues: i) identifying performance obligations; and ii) licensing. These clarifications are intended to reduce diversity in practice and to reduce the cost and complexity of Topic 606 at transition and on an ongoing basis.
January 1, 2018
The adoption of the amendments did not have a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements or on our disclosures.



ASU 2016-12, Topic 606: Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients
The amendments in this Update do not change the core principle of the guidance in Topic 606, but affect aspects of the guidance and technical corrections.
January 1, 2018
The adoption of the amendments did not have a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements or on our disclosures.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
85
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 1


Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

Standard
Description
Date of Adoption
Effect on Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force)
The main objective of this Update is to address the diversity in practice that currently exists in regards to how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows under Topic 230, Statement of Cash Flows, and other Topics. This Update addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice.
January 1, 2018
Upon adoption, the portion of the cash payment attributable to the accreted interest related to zero-coupon debt is presented in the operating activities section, a classification change from the financing activities section where this item was previously presented. As a result, we reclassified approximately $1.1 billion of cash payments from financing activities to operating activities on our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for YTD 2017.
ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)
The amendments in this Update address the diversity in the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows under Topic 230, Statement of Cash Flows. Specifically, this amendment dictates that the statement of cash flows should explain the change in the period of the total of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash balances.
January 1, 2018
The adoption of the amendments did not have a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements; however, we modified the presentation of restricted cash and cash equivalent balances on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The presentation of our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows has also been revised to reflect the change of total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents balances.

ASU 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606
The amendments in this Update are of a similar nature to the items typically addressed in the Technical Corrections and Improvements project. However, the Board decided to issue a separate Update for technical corrections and improvements to Topic 606 and other Topics amended by Update 2014-09 to increase stakeholders’ awareness of the proposals and to expedite improvements to Update 2014-09.
January 1, 2018
The adoption of the amendments did not have a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements or on our disclosures.



ASU 2018-02, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The amendments in this Update allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
January 1, 2018
Upon adoption, we reclassified approximately $89 million from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2018-03, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10) Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
The amendments clarify certain aspects of the guidance issued in Update 2016-01 and address six specific issues.
January 1, 2018
The adoption of the amendments did not have a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements or on our disclosures.



Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
86
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 1


Recently Issued Accounting Guidance, Not Yet Adopted Within Our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Standard
Description
Date of Planned Adoption
Effect on Consolidated Financial Statements
ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842)
The amendment addresses the accounting for lease arrangements.
January 1, 2019
We do not expect that the adoption of this amendment will have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
The amendments in this Update replace the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with a methodology that reflects lifetime expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates.
January 1, 2020
We are developing our models to estimate lifetime expected credit losses on our financial instruments measured at amortized cost using discounted cash flow methodology.
The amendment will be applied through a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the year of adoption.
While we are not able to reasonably estimate the effect that the adoption of this amendment will have on our consolidated financial statements, it may increase (perhaps substantially) our allowance for credit losses in the period of adoption.


ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement
The amendments in this Update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements, based on the concepts in the Concepts Statement, including the consideration of costs and benefits. Certain disclosure requirements were either removed, modified or added.

January 1, 2020
We are evaluating the effect that the adoption of this amendment will have on the notes to our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract
The amendments in this Update align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license).
January 1, 2020
We are evaluating the effect that the adoption of this amendment will have on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes
The amendments in this Update permit the OIS rate based on SOFR, as an eligible U.S. benchmark interest rate for purposes of applying hedge accounting under Topic 815.

January 1, 2019
We are evaluating the effect that the adoption of this amendment will have on our consolidated financial statements.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
87
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 2


NOTE 2
Conservatorship and Related Matters
Business Objectives
We operate under the conservatorship that commenced on September 6, 2008, conducting our business under the direction of FHFA, as our Conservator. The conservatorship and related matters significantly affect our management, business activities, financial condition and results of operations. Upon its appointment, FHFA, as Conservator, immediately succeeded to all rights, titles, powers and privileges of Freddie Mac, and of any stockholder, officer or director thereof, with respect to the company and its assets. The Conservator also succeeded to the title to all books, records and assets of Freddie Mac held by any other legal custodian or third party. The Conservator provided for the Board of Directors to perform certain functions and to oversee management, and the board delegated to management authority to conduct business operations so that the company can continue to operate in the ordinary course. The directors serve on behalf of, and perform such functions as provided by, the Conservator.
We are also subject to certain constraints on our business activities under the Purchase Agreement. However, the support provided by Treasury pursuant to the Purchase Agreement currently enables us to maintain our access to the debt markets and to have adequate liquidity to conduct our normal business activities, although the costs of our debt funding could vary. Our ability to access funds from Treasury under the Purchase Agreement is critical to keeping us solvent.
Impact of Conservatorship and Related Developments on the Mortgage-Related Investments Portfolio
For purposes of the limit imposed by the Purchase Agreement and FHFA regulation, the UPB of our mortgage-related investments portfolio cannot exceed $250 billion at December 31, 2018 and was $227.8 billion at September 30, 2018. Our Retained Portfolio Plan provides for us to manage the UPB of the mortgage-related investments portfolio so that it does not exceed 90% of the cap established by the Purchase Agreement (subject to certain exceptions). Our ability to acquire and sell mortgage assets is significantly constrained by limitations of the Purchase Agreement and those imposed by FHFA.
Government Support for Our Business
We receive substantial support from Treasury and are dependent upon its continued support in order to continue operating our business. Our ability to access funds from Treasury under the Purchase Agreement is critical to:
n
Keeping us solvent;
n
Allowing us to focus on our primary business objectives under conservatorship; and
n
Avoiding the appointment of a receiver by FHFA under statutory mandatory receivership provisions.
At June 30, 2018, our assets exceeded our liabilities under GAAP; therefore, FHFA, as Conservator, did not request a draw on our behalf and, as a result, we did not receive any funding from Treasury under

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
88
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 2


the Purchase Agreement during 3Q 2018. The amount of available funding remaining under the Purchase Agreement is $140.2 billion and will be reduced by any future draws.
See Note 8 and Note 11 for more information on the conservatorship and the Purchase Agreement.
Related Parties as a Result of Conservatorship
We are deemed related parties with Fannie Mae as both we and Fannie Mae have the same relationships with FHFA and Treasury. CSS was formed in 2013 as a limited liability company equally-owned by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Therefore, CSS is also deemed a related party. During YTD 2018, we contributed $109 million of capital to CSS, and we have contributed $438 million since the fourth quarter of 2014.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
89
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 3


NOTE 3
Securitization Activities and Consolidation
Our primary business activities in our Single-family Guarantee and Multifamily segments involve the securitization of loans or other mortgage-related assets using trusts that are VIEs. These trusts issue beneficial interests in the loans or other mortgage-related assets that they own. We guarantee the principal and interest payments on some or all of the issued beneficial interests in substantially all of our securitization transactions. We consolidate VIEs when we have a controlling financial interest in the VIE and are therefore considered the primary beneficiary of the VIE. See Note 5 for additional information on our guarantee activities.
Consolidated VIEs
The table below presents the carrying value and classification of the assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(In millions)
 
September 30, 2018
December 31, 2017
Consolidated Balance Sheet Line Item
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents (includes $637 and $518 of restricted cash and cash equivalents)
 

$638


$518

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
 
13,000

16,750

Mortgage loans held-for-investment
 
1,814,776

1,774,286

Accrued interest receivable
 
5,777

5,747

Other assets
 
2,023

2,738

Total assets of consolidated VIEs
 

$1,836,214


$1,800,039

Liabilities:
 
 
 
Accrued interest payable
 

$5,214


$5,028

Debt, net
 
1,765,045

1,720,996

Other liabilities
 
—

2

Total liabilities of consolidated VIEs
 

$1,770,259


$1,726,026


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
90
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 3


Non-Consolidated VIEs
Our involvement with VIEs for which we are not the primary beneficiary takes one or both of two forms - purchasing an investment in these entities or providing a guarantee to these entities. The following table presents the carrying amounts and classification of the assets and liabilities recorded on our condensed consolidated balance sheets related to our variable interests in non-consolidated VIEs with which we were involved in the design and creation and have a significant continuing involvement, as well as our maximum exposure to loss. We do not believe the maximum exposure to loss disclosed in the table below is representative of the actual loss we are likely to incur, based on our historical loss experience and after consideration of proceeds from related collateral liquidation, including possible recoveries under credit enhancement arrangements. See Note 6 for additional information on credit enhancement arrangements.
(In millions)
 
September 30, 2018
December 31, 2017
Assets and Liabilities Recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets(1)


 
Assets:


 
Investments in securities, at fair value


$43,736


$51,494

Accrued interest receivable

221

233

Derivative assets, net
 
21

7

Other assets

2,862

2,591

 Liabilities:

 
 
Derivative liabilities, net

114

—

Other liabilities

2,785

2,489

Maximum Exposure to Loss(2)(3)

227,567

200,196

Total Assets of Non-Consolidated VIEs(3)

266,824

232,762

(1)
Includes our variable interests in REMICs and Stripped Giant PCs, K Certificates, SB Certificates, senior subordinate securitization structures and other securitization products that we do not consolidate.
(2)
Our maximum exposure to loss includes the guaranteed UPB of assets held by the non-consolidated VIEs, the UPB of unguaranteed securities that we acquired from these securitization transactions and the UPB of guarantor advances made to the holders of the guaranteed securities.
(3)
Our maximum exposure to loss and total assets of non-consolidated VIEs exclude our investments in and obligations to REMICs and Stripped Giant PCs, because we already consolidate the underlying collateral of these trusts on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. In addition, our maximum exposure to loss excludes certain securitization activity and other mortgage-related guarantees measured at fair value where our exposure may be unlimited. We generally reduce our exposure to these guarantees with unlimited exposure through separate contracts with third parties.
We also obtain interests in various other VIEs created by third parties through the normal course of business. To the extent that we were not involved in the design and creation of these VIEs, they are excluded from the table above. Our interests in these VIEs are generally passive in nature and are not expected to result in us obtaining a controlling financial interest in these VIEs in the future.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
91
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 4



NOTE 4
Mortgage Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses
The table below provides details of the loans on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
(In millions)
 
Held by Freddie Mac
Held by
Consolidated
Trusts
Total
 
Held by Freddie Mac
Held by
Consolidated
Trusts
Total
Held-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single-family
 

$22,112


$—


$22,112

 

$17,039


$—


$17,039

Multifamily
 
18,566

—

18,566

 
20,537

—

20,537

Total UPB
 
40,678

—

40,678

 
37,576

—

37,576

Cost basis and fair value adjustments, net
 
(3,754
)
—

(3,754
)
 
(2,813
)
—

(2,813
)
Total held-for-sale loans, net
 
36,924

—

36,924

 
34,763

—

34,763

Held-for-investment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single-family
 
42,722

1,787,797

1,830,519

 
51,893

1,742,736

1,794,629

Multifamily
 
13,105

3,708

16,813

 
17,702

3,747

21,449

Total UPB
 
55,827

1,791,505

1,847,332

 
69,595

1,746,483

1,816,078

Cost basis adjustments
 
(1,489
)
26,607

25,118

 
(2,148
)
31,490

29,342

Allowance for loan losses
 
(3,610
)
(3,336
)
(6,946
)
 
(5,279
)
(3,687
)
(8,966
)
Total held-for-investment loans, net
 
50,728

1,814,776

1,865,504

 
62,168

1,774,286

1,836,454

Total loans, net
 

$87,652


$1,814,776


$1,902,428

 

$96,931


$1,774,286


$1,871,217


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
92
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 4



The table below provides details of the UPB of loans we purchased, reclassified from held-for-investment to held-for-sale and sold.
(In billions)
 
3Q 2018
 
3Q 2017
 
YTD 2018
 
YTD 2017
Single-family:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchases
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Held-for-investment loans
 

$81.6

 

$86.8

 

$231.5

 

$245.7

Reclassified from held-for-investment to held-for-sale(1)
 
13.3

 
7.2

 
17.6

 
20.0

Sale of held-for-sale loans(2)
 
2.3

 
2.7

 
6.5

 
4.3

Multifamily:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchases
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Held-for-investment loans
 
0.9

 
1.1

 
2.6

 
3.0

  Held-for-sale loans
 
16.3

 
16.6

 
42.5

 
40.6

Reclassified from held-for-investment to held-for-sale(1)
 
0.2

 
0.2

 
0.7

 
0.9

Sale of held-for-sale loans(3)
 
14.4

 
16.0

 
44.8

 
38.7

(1)
We reclassify loans from held-for-investment to held-for-sale when we no longer have the intent or ability to hold for the foreseeable future.
(2)
We sell seasoned single-family loans as part of our strategy to mitigate losses and reduce our holdings of less liquid assets.
(3)
Our sales of multifamily loans occur primarily through the issuance of multifamily K Certificates and SB Certificates. See Note 3 for more information on our K Certificates and SB Certificates.
Credit Quality
Single-Family
The current LTV ratio is one key factor we consider when estimating our allowance for credit losses for single-family loans. As current LTV ratios increase, the borrower’s equity in the home decreases, which may negatively affect the borrower’s ability to refinance or to sell the property for an amount at or above the balance of the outstanding loan.
A second-lien loan also reduces the borrower’s equity in the home and has a similar negative effect on the borrower’s ability to refinance or sell the property for an amount at or above the combined balances of the first and second loans. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, based on data collected by us at loan delivery, approximately 8% and 9%, respectively, of loans in our single-family credit guarantee portfolio had second-lien financing by third parties at origination of the first loan. However, borrowers are free to obtain second-lien financing after origination, and we are not entitled to receive notification when a borrower does so. For further information about concentrations of risk associated with our single-family and multifamily loans, see Note 14.
The table below presents the recorded investment of single-family held-for-investment loans by current LTV ratios. Our current LTV ratios are estimates based on available data through the end of each respective period presented.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
93
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 4



 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
Current LTV Ratio
 Total
 
Current LTV Ratio
 Total
(In millions)
 
 ≤ 80
> 80 to 100
> 100(1)
 
≤ 80
> 80 to 100
> 100(1)
20 and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate
 

$1,303,619


$215,739


$8,477


$1,527,835

 

$1,240,224


$214,177


$13,303


$1,467,704

15-year amortizing fixed-rate
 
256,318

5,191

209

261,718

 
270,266

7,351

381

277,998

Adjustable-rate
 
43,504

2,159

10

45,673

 
48,596

2,963

28

51,587

Alt-A, interest-only, and option ARM
 
17,350

2,351

729

20,430

 
21,013

4,256

1,429

26,698

Total single-family loans
 

$1,620,791


$225,440


$9,425


$1,855,656

 

$1,580,099


$228,747


$15,141


$1,823,987

(1)
The serious delinquency rate for the total of single-family held-for-investment mortgage loans with current LTV ratios in excess of 100% was 7.15% and 8.43% as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
For reporting purposes:
n Loans within the Alt-A category continue to be presented in that category following modification, even though the borrower may have provided full documentation of assets and income to complete the modification; and
n Loans within the option ARM category continue to be presented in that category following modification, even though the modified loan no longer provides for optional payment or adjustable interest-rate provisions.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
94
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 4



Multifamily
The table below presents the recorded investment in our multifamily held-for-investment loans, by credit quality indicator based on available data through the end of each period presented. These indicators involve significant management judgment.
(In millions)
 
September 30, 2018
December 31, 2017
Credit risk profile by internally assigned grade:(1)
 
 
 
Pass
 

$16,343


$20,963

Special mention
 
283

301

Substandard
 
168

169

Doubtful
 
—

—

Total
 

$16,794


$21,433

(1)
A loan categorized as: "Pass" is current and adequately protected by the current financial strength and debt service capacity of the borrower; "Special mention" has administrative issues that may affect future repayment prospects but does not have current credit weaknesses; "Substandard" has a weakness that jeopardizes the timely full repayment; and "Doubtful" has a weakness that makes collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable based on existing conditions.
Mortgage Loan Performance
The tables below present the recorded investment of our single-family and multifamily loans, held-for-investment, by payment status.
 
 
September 30, 2018
(In millions)
 
Current
One
Month
Past Due
Two
Months
Past Due
Three Months or
More Past Due,
or in Foreclosure(1)
Total
Non-accrual
Single-family:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20 and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate
 

$1,501,012


$16,205


$3,586


$7,032


$1,527,835


$7,030

15-year amortizing fixed-rate
 
260,127

1,162

158

271

261,718

271

Adjustable-rate
 
45,153

346

59

115

45,673

115

Alt-A, interest-only, and option ARM
 
18,224

933

335

938

20,430

937

Total single-family
 
1,824,516

18,646

4,138

8,356

1,855,656

8,353

Total multifamily
 
16,794

—

—

—

16,794

27

Total single-family and multifamily
 

$1,841,310


$18,646


$4,138


$8,356


$1,872,450


$8,380

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
December 31, 2017
(In millions)
 
Current
One
Month
Past Due
Two
Months
Past Due
Three Months or
More Past Due,
or in Foreclosure(1)
Total
Non-accrual
Single-family:
 






20 and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate
 

$1,431,342


$18,297


$5,660


$12,405


$1,467,704


$12,401

15-year amortizing fixed-rate
 
275,864

1,288

290

556

277,998

556

Adjustable-rate
 
50,915

383

84

205

51,587

205

Alt-A, interest-only, and option ARM
 
23,235

1,297

509

1,657

26,698

1,656

Total single-family
 
1,781,356

21,265

6,543

14,823

1,823,987

14,818

Total multifamily
 
21,414

—

—

19

21,433

64

Total single-family and multifamily
 

$1,802,770


$21,265


$6,543


$14,842


$1,845,420


$14,882

(1)
Includes $2.9 billion and $4.1 billion of loans that were in the process of foreclosure as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
95
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 4



The table below summarizes the delinquency rates of loans within our single-family credit guarantee and multifamily mortgage portfolios.
(Dollars in millions)
 
September 30, 2018
December 31, 2017
Single-family:
 
 
 
Non-credit-enhanced portfolio
 
 
 
Serious delinquency rate
 
0.88
%
1.16
%
Total number of seriously delinquent loans
 
55,527

81,668

Credit-enhanced portfolio:(1)
 
 
 
Primary mortgage insurance:
 
 
 
   Serious delinquency rate
 
0.89
%
1.43
%
   Total number of seriously delinquent loans
 
15,462

23,275

Other credit protection:(2)
 
 
 
   Serious delinquency rate
 
0.30
%
0.53
%
   Total number of seriously delinquent loans
 
11,639

16,259

Total single-family:
 
 
 
Serious delinquency rate
 
0.73
%
1.08
%
Total number of seriously delinquent loans
 
79,486

116,662

Multifamily:(3)
 
 
 
Non-credit-enhanced portfolio:
 
 
 
Delinquency rate
 
—
%
0.06
%
UPB of delinquent loans
 

$—


$24

Credit-enhanced portfolio:
 
 
 
Delinquency rate
 
0.01
%
0.01
%
UPB of delinquent loans
 

$18


$16

Total multifamily:
 
 
 
Delinquency rate
 
0.01
%
0.02
%
UPB of delinquent loans
 

$18


$40

(1)
The credit-enhanced categories are not mutually exclusive, as a single loan may be covered by both primary mortgage insurance and other credit protection.
(2)
Consists of single-family loans covered by financial arrangements (other than primary mortgage insurance) that are designed to reduce our credit risk exposure. See Note 6 for additional information on our credit enhancements.
(3)
Multifamily delinquency performance is based on UPB of loans that are two monthly payments or more past due or those in the process of foreclosure.
Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses represents estimates of probable incurred credit losses which we recognize by recording a charge to the provision for credit losses in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The allowance for credit losses includes:
n Our allowance for loan losses, which pertains to all single-family and multifamily loans classified as held-for-investment on our condensed consolidated balance sheets; and
n Our reserve for guarantee losses, which pertains to single-family and multifamily loans underlying our K Certificates, SB Certificates, senior subordinate securitization structures, other securitization products and other mortgage-related guarantees.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
96
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 4



The tables below summarize changes in our allowance for credit losses.

 
3Q 2018

3Q 2017

 
Allowance for Loan Losses
 Reserve  for
Guarantee
Losses
Total

Allowance for Loan Losses
 Reserve  for
Guarantee
Losses
Total
 (In millions)
 
Held by Freddie Mac
Held By
Consolidated
Trusts

Held by Freddie Mac
Held By
Consolidated
Trusts
Single-family:
 









Beginning balance
 

$4,887


$3,497


$49


$8,433



$7,541


$2,755


$55


$10,351

Provision (benefit) for credit losses
 
(522
)
143

1

(378
)

(330
)
1,023

1

694

Charge-offs
 
(1,262
)
(13
)
(2
)
(1,277
)

(1,126
)
(12
)
(2
)
(1,140
)
Recoveries
 
117

2

—

119


143

2

—

145

Transfers, net(1)
 
306

(306
)
—

—


136

(136
)
—

—

Other(2)
 
76

11

—

87

 
56

—

—

56

Single-family ending balance
 
3,602

3,334

48

6,984


6,420

3,632

54

10,106

Multifamily ending balance
 
8

2

8

18


32

1

8

41

Total ending balance
 

$3,610


$3,336


$56


$7,002



$6,452


$3,633


$62


$10,147


 









 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
YTD 2018

YTD 2017

 
Allowance for Loan Losses
 Reserve  for
Guarantee
Losses
Total

Allowance for Loan Losses
 Reserve  for
Guarantee
Losses
Total
 (In millions)
 
Held by Freddie Mac
Held By
Consolidated
Trusts

Held by Freddie Mac
Held By
Consolidated
Trusts
Single-family:
 









Beginning balance
 

$5,251


$3,680


$48


$8,979



$10,442


$2,969


$54


$13,465

Provision (benefit) for credit losses
 
(629
)
266

6

(357
)

(1,058
)
1,223

3

168

Charge-offs
 
(2,198
)
(44
)
(6
)
(2,248
)

(3,942
)
(88
)
(3
)
(4,033
)
Recoveries
 
336

5

—

341


322

5

—

327

Transfers, net(1)
 
597

(597
)
—

—


480

(480
)
—

—

Other(2)
 
245

24

—

269

 
176

3

—

179

Single-family ending balance
 
3,602

3,334

48

6,984


6,420

3,632

54

10,106

Multifamily ending balance
 
8

2

8

18


32

1

8

41

Total ending balance
 

$3,610


$3,336


$56


$7,002



$6,452


$3,633


$62


$10,147

(1)
Relates to removal of delinquent single-family loans from consolidated trusts and resecuritization after such removal. 
(2)
Primarily includes capitalization of past due interest on modified loans.
A significant number of unsecuritized single-family loans on our condensed consolidated balance sheets are individually evaluated for impairment while substantially all single-family loans held by our consolidated trusts are collectively evaluated for impairment. The allowance for loan losses associated with our held-for-investment unsecuritized loans represented approximately 6.6% and 7.8% of the recorded investment in such loans at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and a substantial portion of the allowance associated with these loans represented interest rate concessions provided to borrowers as part of loan modifications. The allowance for loan losses associated with loans held by our consolidated trusts represented approximately 0.2% of the recorded investment in such loans as of both September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
97
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 4



The table below presents our allowance for loan losses and our recorded investment in loans, held-for-investment, by impairment evaluation methodology.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
(In millions)
 
Single-family
Multifamily
Total
 
Single-family
Multifamily
Total
Recorded investment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collectively evaluated
 

$1,805,640


$16,698


$1,822,338

 

$1,764,750


$21,301


$1,786,051

Individually evaluated
 
50,016

96

50,112

 
59,237

132

59,369

Total recorded investment
 
1,855,656

16,794

1,872,450

 
1,823,987

21,433

1,845,420

Ending balance of the allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collectively evaluated
 
(1,799
)
(10
)
(1,809
)
 
(2,301
)
(28
)
(2,329
)
Individually evaluated
 
(5,137
)
—

(5,137
)
 
(6,630
)
(7
)
(6,637
)
Total ending balance of the allowance
 
(6,936
)
(10
)
(6,946
)
 
(8,931
)
(35
)
(8,966
)
Net investment in loans
 

$1,848,720


$16,784


$1,865,504

 

$1,815,056


$21,398


$1,836,454


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
98
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 4



Allowance for Loan Losses Determined on an Individual Basis
Impaired Loans
The tables below present the UPB, recorded investment, related allowance for loan losses, average recorded investment and interest income recognized for individually impaired loans.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
(In millions)
 
UPB
Recorded
Investment
Associated
Allowance
 
UPB
Recorded Investment
Associated
Allowance
Single-family:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With no allowance recorded:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20 and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate
 

$3,458


$2,740

N/A

 

$3,768


$2,908

N/A

15-year amortizing fixed-rate
 
20

18

N/A

 
24

21

N/A

Adjustable-rate
 
225

224

N/A

 
259

256

N/A

Alt-A, interest-only, and option ARM
 
1,229

1,036

N/A

 
1,558

1,297

N/A

Total with no allowance recorded
 
4,932

4,018

N/A

 
5,609

4,482

N/A

With an allowance recorded:(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20 and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate
 
40,608

39,903


($4,301
)
 
47,897

46,783


($5,505
)
15-year amortizing fixed-rate
 
735

745

(21
)
 
752

757

(24
)
Adjustable-rate
 
183

180

(11
)
 
232

228

(14
)
Alt-A, interest-only, and option ARM
 
5,494

5,170

(804
)
 
7,407

6,987

(1,087
)
Total with an allowance recorded
 
47,020

45,998

(5,137
)
 
56,288

54,755

(6,630
)
Combined single-family:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20 and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate
 
44,066

42,643

(4,301
)
 
51,665

49,691

(5,505
)
15-year amortizing fixed-rate
 
755

763

(21
)
 
776

778

(24
)
Adjustable-rate
 
408

404

(11
)
 
491

484

(14
)
Alt-A, interest-only, and option ARM
 
6,723

6,206

(804
)
 
8,965

8,284

(1,087
)
Total single-family
 
51,952

50,016

(5,137
)
 
61,897

59,237

(6,630
)
Multifamily:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With no allowance recorded(1)
 
101

93

N/A

 
106

97

N/A

With an allowance recorded
 
3

3

—

 
35

35

(7
)
Total multifamily
 
104

96

—

 
141

132

(7
)
Total single-family and multifamily
 

$52,056


$50,112


($5,137
)
 

$62,038


$59,369


($6,637
)
Referenced footnotes are included after the last table in the Impaired Loans section.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
99
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 4



 
 
3Q 2018
 
3Q 2017
(In millions)
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
Interest
Income
Recognized
Interest Income
Recognized On
Cash Basis(3)
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
Interest
Income
Recognized
Interest Income
Recognized On
Cash Basis(3)
Single-family:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With no allowance recorded:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20 and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate
 

$3,142


$83


$3

 

$3,367


$97


$3

15-year amortizing fixed-rate
 
20

—

—

 
24

—

—

Adjustable rate
 
238

3

—

 
287

2

—

Alt-A, interest-only, and option ARM
 
1,159

21

1

 
1,390

29

1

Total with no allowance recorded
 
4,559

107

4

 
5,068

128

4

With an allowance recorded:(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20 and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate
 
42,393

520

52

 
53,250

618

58

15-year amortizing fixed-rate
 
740

7

2

 
758

8

2

Adjustable rate
 
183

2

—

 
236

2

1

Alt-A, interest-only, and option ARM
 
5,622

72

7

 
8,014

89

7

Total with an allowance recorded
 
48,938

601

61

 
62,258

717

68

Combined single-family:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20 and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate
 
45,535

603

55

 
56,617

715

61

15-year amortizing fixed-rate
 
760

7

2

 
782

8

2

Adjustable rate
 
421

5

—

 
523

4

1

Alt-A, interest-only, and option ARM
 
6,781

93

8

 
9,404

118

8

Total single-family
 
53,497

708

65

 
67,326

845

72

Multifamily:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With no allowance recorded(1)
 
112

2

1

 
115

2

1

With an allowance recorded
 
3

—

—

 
15

—

—

Total multifamily
 
115

2

1

 
130

2

1

Total single-family and multifamily
 

$53,612


$710


$66

 

$67,456


$847


$73

Referenced footnotes are included after the last table in the Impaired Loans section.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
100
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 4



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
YTD 2018
 
YTD 2017
(In millions)
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
Interest
Income
Recognized
Interest Income
Recognized On
Cash Basis(3)
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
Interest
Income
Recognized
Interest Income
Recognized On
Cash Basis(3)
Single-family —
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With no allowance recorded:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20 and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate
 

$3,399


$268


$13

 

$3,733


$307


$12

15-year amortizing fixed-rate
 
21

3

—

 
26

1

—

Adjustable rate
 
255

9

—

 
301

8

—

Alt-A, interest-only, and option ARM
 
1,319

68

3

 
1,518

85

3

Total with no allowance recorded
 
4,994

348

16

 
5,578

401

15

With an allowance recorded:(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20 and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate
 
46,140

1,621

217

 
62,277

1,931

188

15-year amortizing fixed-rate
 
830

21

8

 
18,292

25

5

Adjustable rate
 
210

4

2

 
430

7

2

Alt-A, interest-only, and option ARM
 
6,357

205

24

 
7,033

296

26

Total with an allowance recorded
 
53,537

1,851

251

 
88,032

2,259

221

Combined single-family:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20 and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate
 
49,539

1,889

230

 
66,010

2,238

200

15-year amortizing fixed-rate
 
851

24

8

 
18,318

26

5

Adjustable rate
 
465

13

2

 
731

15

2

Alt-A, interest-only, and option ARM
 
7,676

273

27

 
8,551

381

29

Total single-family
 
58,531

2,199

267

 
93,610

2,660

236

Multifamily:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With no allowance recorded(1)
 
132

5

2

 
287

7

2

With an allowance recorded
 
3

—

—

 
25

1

1

Total multifamily
 
135

5

2

 
312

8

3

Total single-family and multifamily
 

$58,666


$2,204


$269

 

$93,922


$2,668


$239

(1)
Individually impaired loans with no allowance primarily represent those loans for which the collateral value is sufficiently in excess of the loan balance to result in recovery of the entire recorded investment if the property were foreclosed upon or otherwise subject to disposition.
(2)
Consists primarily of loans classified as TDRs.
(3)
Consists of income recognized during the period related to loans on non-accrual status.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
101
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 4



Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs)
The table below presents the volume of single-family and multifamily loans that were newly classified as TDRs, based on the original product category of the loan before the loan was classified as a TDR. Loans classified as a TDR in one period may be subject to further action (such as a modification or remodification) in a subsequent period. In such cases, the subsequent action would not be reflected in the table below since the loan would already have been classified as a TDR.
 
 
3Q 2018
 
3Q 2017
 
YTD 2018
 
YTD 2017
(Dollars in millions)
 
Number of 
Loans
Post-TDR
Recorded
Investment
 
Number of 
Loans
Post-TDR
Recorded
Investment
 
Number of 
Loans
Post-TDR
Recorded
Investment
 
Number of 
Loans
Post-TDR
Recorded
Investment
Single-family:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20 and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate
 
7,157


$1,091

 
7,502


$1,069

 
37,847


$6,159

 
24,485


$3,503

15-year amortizing fixed-rate
 
909

83

 
993

75

 
5,194

514

 
3,275

251

Adjustable-rate
 
197

27

 
202

30

 
773

122

 
667

97

Alt-A, interest-only, and option ARM
 
414

65

 
645

119

 
2,294

379

 
1,926

344

Total single-family
 
8,677

1,266

 
9,342

1,293

 
46,108

7,174

 
30,353

4,195

Multifamily
 
—


$—

 
1


$—

 
1


$15

 
1


$—

(1)
The pre-TDR recorded investment for single-family loans initially classified as TDR during 3Q 2018 and YTD 2018 was $1.3 billion and $7.2 billion, respectively, compared to $1.3 billion and $4.2 billion during 3Q 2017 and YTD 2017, respectively.
Of the single-family loans that were newly classified as TDRs during 3Q 2018, 3Q 2017, YTD 2018 and YTD 2017 respectively:
n 9%, 37%, 12% and 41% involved interest rate reductions and, in certain cases, term extensions;
n 21%, 11%, 24% and 12% involved principal forbearance in addition to interest rate reductions and, in certain cases, term extensions;
n The average term extension was 110, 179, 126 and 175 months; and
n The average interest rate reduction was 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.3% and 0.7%.




Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
102
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 4



The table below presents the volume of our TDR modifications that experienced payment defaults (i.e., loans that became two months delinquent or completed a loss event) during the applicable periods and had completed a modification during the year preceding the payment default. The table presents loans based on their original product category before modification.
 
 
3Q 2018
 
3Q 2017
 
YTD 2018
 
YTD 2017
(Dollars in millions)
 
Number of Loans
Post-TDR
Recorded
Investment
 
Number of Loans
Post-TDR
Recorded
Investment
 
Number of Loans
Post-TDR
Recorded
Investment
 
Number of Loans
Post-TDR
Recorded
Investment
Single-family:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20 and 30-year or more, amortizing fixed-rate
 
3,584


$512

 
3,526


$555

 
9,671


$1,435

 
10,183


$1,642

15-year amortizing fixed-rate
 
116

10

 
191

14

 
435

36

 
505

40

Adjustable-rate
 
53

9

 
47

8

 
139

21

 
156

24

Alt-A, interest-only, and option ARM
 
302

55

 
336

62

 
827

154

 
924

188

Total single-family
 
4,055

586

 
4,100

639

 
11,072

1,646

 
11,768

1,894

Multifamily
 
—


$—

 
—


$—

 
—


$—

 
—


$—

In addition, loans may be initially classified as TDRs as a result of other loss mitigation activities (i.e., repayment plans, forbearance agreements, or loans in modification trial periods). During YTD 2018 and YTD 2017, 6,487 and 5,523, respectively, of such loans (with a post-TDR recorded investment of $0.8 billion and $0.7 billion, respectively) experienced a payment default within a year after the loss mitigation activity occurred.
Loans may also be initially classified as TDRs because the borrowers’ debts were discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy (and the loan was not already classified as a TDR for other reasons). During YTD 2018 and YTD 2017, 386 and 665, respectively, of such loans (with a post-TDR recorded investment of $45 million and $76 million, respectively) experienced a payment default within a year after the borrowers' Chapter 7 bankruptcy.
Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities
During YTD 2018 and YTD 2017, we acquired $122.6 billion and $161.5 billion, respectively, of loans held-for-investment in exchange for the issuance of debt securities of consolidated trusts in guarantor swap transactions. We received approximately $18.9 billion and $25.3 billion of loans from sellers during YTD 2018 and YTD 2017, respectively, to satisfy advances to lenders that were recorded in other assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. These loans were primarily included in the guarantor swap transactions.
In addition, we acquire REO properties through foreclosure sales or by deed in lieu of foreclosure. These acquisitions represent non-cash transfers. During YTD 2018 and YTD 2017, we had transfers of $0.7 billion and $0.9 billion, respectively, from loans to REO.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
103
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 5


NOTE 5
Guarantee Activities
We generate revenue through our guarantee activities by agreeing to absorb the credit risk associated with certain financial instruments that are owned or held by third parties. In exchange for providing this guarantee, we receive an ongoing guarantee fee that is commensurate with the risks assumed and that will, over the long-term, provide us with cash flows that are expected to exceed the credit-related and administrative expenses of the underlying financial instruments. The profitability of our guarantee activities may vary and will be dependent on our guarantee fee and the actual credit performance of the underlying financial instruments that we have guaranteed.
The table below shows our maximum exposure, recognized liability and maximum remaining term of our recognized guarantees to non-consolidated VIEs and other third parties. This table does not include our unrecognized guarantees, such as guarantees to consolidated VIEs or to resecuritization trusts that do not expose us to incremental credit risk. The maximum exposure disclosed in the table is not representative of the actual loss we are likely to incur, based on our historical loss experience and after consideration of proceeds from related collateral liquidation, including possible recoveries under credit enhancement arrangements. See Note 6 for additional information on our credit enhancement arrangements.
 
 
September 30, 2018

December 31, 2017
(Dollars in millions, terms in years)
 
Maximum
Exposure(1)
Recognized
Liability(2)
Maximum
Remaining
Term

Maximum
Exposure(1)
Recognized
Liability(2)
Maximum
Remaining
Term
Single-family:
 
 
 







Securitization activity guarantees
 

$15,355


$185

40


$10,817


$120

40
Other mortgage-related guarantees
 
6,078

171

30

6,264

190

31
Total single-family
 

$21,433


$356

 
 

$17,081


$310

 
Multifamily:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securitization activity guarantees
 

$210,163


$2,541

40
 

$188,768


$2,305

40
Other mortgage-related guarantees
 
10,008

451

36
 
9,888

466

36
Total multifamily
 

$220,171


$2,992

 
 

$198,656


$2,771

 
Other guarantees measured at fair value
 

$15,611


$209

30
 

$9,661


$141

28
(1)
The maximum exposure represents the contractual amounts that could be lost if counterparties or borrowers defaulted, without consideration of possible recoveries under credit enhancement arrangements, such as recourse provisions, third-party insurance contracts, or from collateral held or pledged. For other guarantees measured at fair value, this amount represents the notional value if it relates to our market value guarantees or guarantees of third party derivative instruments; or the UPB if it relates to a guarantee of a mortgage-related asset. For certain of our other guarantees measured at fair value, our exposure may be unlimited. We generally reduce our exposure to these guarantees with unlimited exposure through separate contracts with third parties.
(2)
For securitization activity guarantees and other mortgage-related guarantees, this amount represents the guarantee obligation on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. This amount excludes our reserve for guarantee losses, which totaled $56 million and $57 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and is included within other liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. For other guarantees measured at fair value, this amount represents the fair value of the contract.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
104
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 6


NOTE 6
Credit Enhancements
In connection with many of our mortgage loans, securitization activity guarantees, other mortgage-related guarantees and other credit risk transfer transactions, we obtain various forms of credit enhancements that reduce our exposure to credit losses. These credit enhancements may be attached to the underlying mortgage loans, freestanding or embedded in debt instruments.
Attached Credit Enhancements
The table below presents the total current and protected UPB and maximum coverage provided by our attached credit enhancements. For information about counterparty credit risk associated with mortgage insurers, see Note 14.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
(In millions)
 
Total Current and Protected UPB(1)
Maximum Coverage(2)
 
Total Current and Protected UPB(1)
Maximum Coverage(2)
Single-family:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Primary mortgage insurance
 

$366,731


$93,931

 

$334,189


$85,429

(1)
Underlying loans may be covered by more than one form of credit enhancement, including freestanding credit enhancements and debt with embedded credit enhancements.
(2)
Represents the remaining amount of loss recovery that is available subject to the terms of counterparty agreements.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
105
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 6


Freestanding Credit Enhancements
The table below presents the total current and protected UPB and maximum amounts of potential loss recovery related to our single-family and multifamily freestanding credit enhancements.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
(In millions)
 
Total Current and Protected UPB(1)
Maximum Coverage(2)
 
Total Current and Protected UPB(1)
Maximum Coverage(2)
Single-family:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subordination (non-consolidated VIEs)
 

$13,778


$2,474

 

$8,953


$1,734

ACIS(3)(4)
 
753,298

8,375

 
625,082

6,933

Other(4)(5)
 
120,315

9,208

 
8,623

6,282

Total single-family
 
 
20,057

 
 
14,949

Multifamily:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subordination (non-consolidated VIEs)
 
209,801

34,014

 
187,299

30,689

Other(6)
 
2,193

789

 
1,833

726

Total multifamily
 
 
34,803

 
 
31,415

Total single-family and multifamily freestanding credit enhancements
 
 

$54,860

 
 

$46,364

(1)
Underlying loans may be covered by more than one form of credit enhancement, including attached credit enhancements and debt with embedded credit enhancements. For subordination, total current and protected UPB includes the UPB of the guaranteed securities and the UPB of guarantor advances made to the holders of the guaranteed securities.
(2)
For subordination, maximum coverage represents the UPB of the securities that are subordinate to our guarantee and held by third parties. For all other freestanding credit enhancements, maximum coverage represents the remaining amount of loss recovery that is available subject to the terms of counterparty agreements.
(3)
As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, our counterparties posted collateral held by third parties on our ACIS transactions of $1.5 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively.
(4)
Starting in 2Q 2018, ACIS transactions include Deep MI CRT transactions which were previously disclosed under "Other" transactions. The current and prior period presentation has been modified to reflect this change.
(5)
Includes seller indemnification, lender recourse and indemnification agreements, pool insurance, HFA indemnification and other credit enhancements.
(6)
Consists of multifamily HFA indemnification and loss reimbursement agreements with third parties obtained in certain of our Q Certificate transactions.
In addition to the credit enhancements disclosed above, the Multifamily segment has other credit enhancements. Recoveries from these other credit enhancements have been minimal as the historical losses on our multifamily mortgage loans and amounts paid under our guarantee contracts have not been significant. Therefore, these other credit enhancements have been excluded from the table.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
106
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 6


Debt with Embedded Credit Enhancements
The table below presents the total current and protected UPB and maximum amounts of potential loss recovery related to debt with embedded credit enhancements.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
(In millions)
 
Total Current and Protected UPB(1)
Maximum Coverage(2)
 
Total Current and Protected UPB(1)
Maximum Coverage(2)
Single-family:
 
 
 
 
 
 
STACR debt notes
 

$621,350


$18,078

 

$604,356


$17,788

Subordination (consolidated VIEs)
 
18,640

786

 
3,330

179

Total single-family
 
 
18,864

 
 
17,967

Multifamily:
 
 
 
 
 
 
SCR debt notes
 
2,678

134

 
2,732

137

Subordination (consolidated VIEs)

 
2,700

280

 
1,800

180

Total multifamily
 
 
414

 
 
317

Total single-family and multifamily debt with embedded credit enhancements
 
 

$19,278

 
 

$18,284

(1)
Underlying loans may be covered by more than one form of credit enhancement, including attached credit enhancements and freestanding credit enhancements. For STACR debt notes and SCR debt notes, total current and protected UPB represents the UPB of the assets included in the reference pool. For subordination, total current and protected UPB represents the UPB of the guaranteed securities.
(2)
For STACR debt notes and SCR debt notes, maximum coverage amount represents the outstanding balance of the STACR debt notes and SCR debt notes held by third parties. For subordination, maximum coverage amount represents the UPB of the securities that are subordinate to our guarantee and held by third parties.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
107
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 7


NOTE 7
Investments in Securities
The table below summarizes the fair values of our investments in debt securities by classification.
(In millions)
 
September 30, 2018
December 31, 2017
Trading securities
 

$41,201


$40,721

Available-for-sale securities
 
34,729

43,597

Total
 

$75,930


$84,318

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we did not classify any securities as held-to-maturity, although we may elect to do so in the future.
Trading Securities
The table below presents the estimated fair values of our trading securities by major security type. Our non-mortgage-related securities primarily consist of investments in U.S. Treasury securities.
(In millions)
 
September 30, 2018
December 31, 2017
Mortgage-related securities:
 
 
 
Freddie Mac
 

$11,899


$12,235

Other agency
 
2,731

3,574

Non-agency RMBS
 
691

750

Non-agency CMBS
 
401

1,343

Total mortgage-related securities
 
15,722

17,902

Non-mortgage-related securities
 
25,479

22,819

Total fair value of trading securities
 

$41,201


$40,721

For trading securities held at September 30, 2018, we recorded net unrealized gains (losses) of ($305) million and ($951) million during 3Q 2018 and YTD 2018, respectively. For trading securities held at September 30, 2017, we recorded net unrealized gains (losses) of ($49) million and ($196) million during 3Q 2017 and YTD 2017, respectively.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
108
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 7


Available-for-Sale Securities
At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, all available-for-sale securities were mortgage-related securities.
The tables below present the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value by major security type for our securities classified as available-for-sale.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair
Value
(In millions)
 
 
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment(1)
Temporary Impairment(2)
 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Freddie Mac
 

$29,826


$182

 

$—


($840
)
 

$29,168

Other agency
 
1,876

35

 
—

(6
)
 
1,905

Non-agency RMBS
 
1,428

387

 
—

(1
)
 
1,814

Non-agency CMBS
 
1,686

—

 
(8
)
(79
)
 
1,599

Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
242

2

 
—

(1
)
 
243

Total available-for-sale securities
 

$35,058


$606

 

($8
)

($927
)
 

$34,729

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair
Value
(In millions)
 
 
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment(1)
Temporary Impairment(2)
 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Freddie Mac
 

$35,433


$499

 

$—


($462
)
 

$35,470

Other agency
 
2,008

56

 
—

(11
)
 
2,053

Non-agency RMBS
 
3,012

927

 
(5
)
(1
)
 
3,933

Non-agency CMBS
 
1,773

22

 
(9
)
(2
)
 
1,784

Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
352

5

 
—

—

 
357

Total available-for-sale securities
 

$42,578


$1,509

 

($14
)

($476
)
 

$43,597

(1)
Represents the gross unrealized losses for securities for which we have previously recognized other-than-temporary impairment in earnings.
(2)
Represents the gross unrealized losses for securities for which we have not previously recognized other-than-temporary impairment in earnings.
The fair value of our available-for-sale securities held at September 30, 2018 scheduled to contractually mature after ten years was $31.2 billion, with an additional $3.0 billion scheduled to contractually mature after five years through ten years.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
109
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 7


Available-For-Sale Securities in a Gross Unrealized Loss Position
The tables below present available-for-sale securities in a gross unrealized loss position and whether such securities have been in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months, or 12 months or greater.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or Greater
(In millions)
 
Fair
Value
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair
Value
Gross Unrealized Losses
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Freddie Mac
 

$11,689


($199
)
 

$10,081


($641
)
Other agency
 
239

(1
)
 
705

(5
)
Non-agency RMBS
 
1

—

 
6

(1
)
Non-agency CMBS
 
1,581

(79
)
 
16

(8
)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
33

(1
)
 
—

—

Total available-for-sale securities in a gross unrealized loss position
 

$13,543


($280
)
 

$10,808


($655
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or Greater
(In millions)
 
Fair
Value
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair
Value
Gross Unrealized Losses
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Freddie Mac
 

$10,337


($107
)
 

$9,251


($355
)
Other agency
 
40

—

 
1,079

(11
)
Non-agency RMBS
 
5

—

 
105

(6
)
Non-agency CMBS
 
1,026

(2
)
 
52

(9
)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
12

—

 
21

—

Total available-for-sale securities in a gross unrealized loss position
 

$11,420


($109
)
 

$10,508


($381
)
At September 30, 2018, the gross unrealized losses relate to 421 separate securities.
Realized Gains and Losses on Sales of Available-For-Sale Securities
The table below summarizes the gross realized gains and gross realized losses from the sale of available-for-sale securities.
(In millions)
 
3Q 2018
3Q 2017
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
Gross realized gains
 

$69


$806

 

$544


$1,153

Gross realized losses
 
(131
)
(10
)
 
(232
)
(44
)
Net realized gains (losses)
 

($62
)

$796

 

$312


$1,109

Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities
During 3Q 2018, we purchased $3.6 billion and sold $3.7 billion of non-mortgage-related securities that were traded, but not settled. We settled our purchase and sale obligations during 4Q 2018.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
110
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 8


NOTE 8
Debt Securities and Subordinated Borrowings
The table below summarizes the interest expense per our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income and the balances of total debt, net per our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
 
 
Balance, Net
 
Interest Expense
(In millions)
 
September 30, 2018
December 31, 2017
 
3Q 2018
3Q 2017
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties
 

$1,765,045


$1,720,996

 

$12,827


$11,852

 

$37,996


$35,567

Other debt:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term debt
 
68,498

73,069

 
361

173

 
832

414

Long-term debt
 
208,447

240,565

 
1,358

1,359

 
3,974

4,109

Total other debt
 
276,945

313,634


1,719

1,532

 
4,806

4,523

Total debt, net
 

$2,041,990


$2,034,630



$14,546


$13,384

 

$42,802


$40,090

Our debt cap under the Purchase Agreement is $346.1 billion in 2018 and will decline to $300 billion on January 1, 2019. As of September 30, 2018, our aggregate indebtedness for purposes of the debt cap was $281.1 billion. Our aggregate indebtedness calculation primarily includes the par value of other short- and long-term debt.
Debt Securities of Consolidated Trusts Held by Third Parties
The table below summarizes the debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties based on underlying loan product type.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
(Dollars in millions)
 
Contractual
Maturity
UPB
Carrying Amount(1)
Weighted
Average
Coupon(2)
 
Contractual
Maturity
UPB
Carrying Amount(1)
Weighted
Average
Coupon(2)
Single-family:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30-year or more, fixed-rate
 
2018 - 2056

$1,352,288


$1,390,045

3.70
%
 
2018 - 2055

$1,278,911


$1,318,350

3.68
%
20-year fixed-rate
 
2018 - 2038
70,543

72,447

3.42

 
2018 - 2038
73,866

76,022

3.43

15-year fixed-rate
 
2018 - 2033
246,022

250,582

2.87

 
2018 - 2033
260,633

266,241

2.86

Adjustable-rate
 
2018 - 2048
40,696

41,548

3.04

 
2018 - 2048
47,169

48,220

2.85

Interest-only
 
2026 - 2041
5,507

5,564

4.21

 
2026 - 2041
7,303

7,379

3.74

FHA/VA
 
2018 - 2046
746

763

4.80

 
2018 - 2046
847

866

4.85

Total single-family
 
 
1,715,802

1,760,949

 
 
 
1,668,729

1,717,078

 
Multifamily
 
 2019-2047
4,045

4,096

3.88

 
2019-2047
3,876

3,918

3.99

Total debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties
 
 

$1,719,847


$1,765,045

 
 
 

$1,672,605


$1,720,996

 
(1)
Includes $735 million and $639 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, of debt of consolidated trusts that represents the fair value of debt securities with the fair value option elected.
(2)
The effective interest rate for debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties was 2.93% and 2.84% as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
111
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 8


Other Debt
The table below summarizes the balances and effective interest rates for other debt.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
(Dollars in millions)
 
Par Value
Carrying Amount(1)
Weighted
Average
Effective Rate(2)
 
Par Value
Carrying Amount(1)
Weighted
Average
Effective Rate(2)
Other short-term debt:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount notes and Reference Bills®
 

$40,726


$40,572

2.06
%
 

$45,717


$45,596

1.19
%
Medium-term notes
 
18,200

18,200

1.80

 
17,792

17,792

1.03

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
 
9,726

9,726

2.03

 
9,681

9,681

1.06

Total other short-term debt
 
68,652

68,498

1.98

 
73,190

73,069

1.14

Other long-term debt:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Original maturities on or before December 31,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
10,267

10,267

1.24

 
70,557

70,587

1.16

2019
 
58,092

58,053

1.54

 
57,689

57,637

1.54

2020
 
41,506

41,482

1.76

 
38,117

38,087

1.68

2021
 
28,976

28,982

1.99

 
22,809

22,829

1.80

2022
 
20,231

20,203

2.44

 
18,538

18,506

2.38

Thereafter
 
34,426

31,881

4.16

 
17,281

14,660

5.29

STACR and SCR debt(3)
 
18,212

18,585

5.75

 
17,925

18,338

5.06

Hedging-related basis adjustments
 
N/A

(1,006
)
 
 
N/A

(79
)
 
Total other long-term debt(4)
 
211,710

208,447

2.49

 
242,916

240,565

2.04

Total other debt
 

$280,362


$276,945



 

$316,106


$313,634

 
(1)
Represents par value, net of associated discounts or premiums and issuance cost. Includes $4.6 billion and $5.2 billion at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, of other long-term debt that represents the fair value of debt securities with the fair value option elected.
(2)
Based on carrying amount.
(3)
Contractual maturities of these debt securities are not presented because they are subject to prepayment risk, as their payments are based upon the performance of a pool of mortgage assets that may be prepaid by the related mortgage borrower at any time generally without penalty.
(4)
Carrying amount for other long-term debt includes callable debt of $110.9 billion and $113.8 billion at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
112
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 9


NOTE 9
Derivatives
Use of Derivatives
We use derivatives primarily to hedge interest-rate sensitivity mismatches between our financial assets and liabilities. We analyze the interest-rate sensitivity of financial assets and liabilities on a daily basis across a variety of interest-rate scenarios based on market prices, models and economics. When we use derivatives to mitigate our exposures, we consider a number of factors, including cost, exposure to counterparty risk and our overall risk management strategy.
We classify derivatives into three categories:
n
Exchange-traded derivatives;
n
Cleared derivatives; and
n
OTC derivatives.
Exchange-traded derivatives include standardized interest-rate futures contracts and options on futures contracts. Cleared derivatives refer to those interest-rate swaps that the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission has determined are subject to the central clearing requirement of the Dodd-Frank Act. OTC derivatives refer to those derivatives that are neither exchange-traded derivatives nor cleared derivatives.
Types of Derivatives
We principally use the following types of derivatives:
n
LIBOR-based interest-rate swaps;
n
LIBOR- and Treasury-based purchased options (including swaptions); and
n
LIBOR- and Treasury-based exchange-traded futures.
We also purchase swaptions on credit indices in order to obtain protection against adverse movements in multifamily spreads which may affect the profitability of our K Certificate or SB Certificate transactions.
In addition to swaps, futures and purchased options, our derivative positions include written options and swaptions, commitments and credit derivatives.
Hedge Accounting
Fair Value Hedges
We apply fair value hedge accounting to certain single-family mortgage loans and certain issuances of debt where we hedge the changes in fair value of these items attributable to the designated benchmark interest rate (i.e., LIBOR), using LIBOR-based interest-rate swaps.
Beginning on October 1, 2017, due to the adoption of amended hedge accounting guidance, if a hedge relationship qualifies for fair value hedge accounting, all changes in fair value of the derivative hedging

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
113
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 9


instrument, including interest accruals, are recognized in the same condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income line item used to present the earnings effect of the hedged item. Therefore, changes in the fair value of the hedged item, mortgage loans and debt, attributable to the risk being hedged are recognized in interest income - mortgage loans and interest expense, respectively, along with the changes in the fair value of the respective derivative hedging instruments. Prior to October 1, 2017, if the hedge relationship qualified for hedge accounting, changes in the fair value of the derivative hedging instrument and changes in the fair value of the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged were recognized in other income (loss) and interest accruals on the derivative hedging instrument were included in derivative gains (losses).
Cash Flow Hedges
There are amounts recorded in AOCI related to discontinued cash flow hedges which are recognized in earnings when the originally forecasted transactions affect earnings. Amounts reclassified from AOCI are recorded in interest expense. During YTD 2018 and YTD 2017, we reclassified from AOCI into earnings, pre-tax losses of $106 million and $125 million, respectively, related to closed cash flow hedges. See Note 11 for information about future reclassifications of deferred net losses related to closed cash flow hedges to net income.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
114
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 9


Derivative Assets and Liabilities at Fair Value
The table below presents the notional value and fair value of derivatives reported on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
Notional or
Contractual
Amount
Derivatives at Fair Value
 
Notional or
Contractual
Amount
Derivatives at Fair Value
(In millions)
 
Assets
Liabilities
 
Assets
Liabilities
Not designated as hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate swaps:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Receive-fixed
 

$158,117


$1,041


($396
)
 

$213,717


$2,121


($1,224
)
Pay-fixed
 
175,055

1,105

(1,470
)
 
185,400

751

(5,008
)
Basis (floating to floating)
 
6,613

1

—

 
5,244

—

(2
)
Total interest-rate swaps
 
339,785

2,147

(1,866
)
 
404,361

2,872

(6,234
)
Option-based:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Call swaptions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchased
 
51,650

1,373

—

 
58,975

2,709

—

Written
 
4,650

—

(67
)
 
4,650

—

(101
)
Put swaptions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchased(1)
 
61,630

1,736

—

 
47,810

1,058

—

Written
 
3,000

—

(29
)
 
3,000

—

(20
)
Other option-based derivatives(2)
 
10,523

552

—

 
10,683

757

—

Total option-based
 
131,453

3,661

(96
)
 
125,118

4,524

(121
)
Futures
 
176,344

—

—

 
267,385

—

—

Commitments
 
63,636

144

(80
)
 
54,207

44

(64
)
Credit derivatives
 
2,112

—

(48
)
 
3,569

7

(46
)
Other
 
11,490

21

(128
)
 
2,906

1

(19
)
Total derivatives not designated as hedges
 
724,820

5,973

(2,218
)
 
857,546

7,448

(6,484
)
Designated as fair value hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate swaps:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Receive-fixed
 
90,428

—

(1,457
)
 
83,352

2

(714
)
Pay-fixed
 
67,505

595

(732
)
 
69,402

1,388

(291
)
Total derivatives designated as fair value hedges
 
157,933

595

(2,189
)
 
152,754

1,390

(1,005
)
Derivative interest receivable (payable)
 
 
969

(1,103
)
 
 
1,407

(1,596
)
Netting adjustments(3)
 
 
(7,068
)
5,215

 
 
(9,870
)
8,816

Total derivative portfolio, net
 

$882,753


$469


($295
)
 

$1,010,300


$375


($269
)
(1)
Includes swaptions on credit indices with a notional or contractual amount of $20.3 billion and $13.4 billion at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and a fair value of $7.5 million and $5.0 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
(2)
Primarily consists of purchased interest-rate caps and floors and options on Treasury futures.
(3)
Represents counterparty netting and cash collateral netting.
See Note 10 for information related to our derivative counterparties and collateral held and posted.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
115
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 9


Gains and Losses on Derivatives
The table below presents the gains and losses on derivatives, including the accrual of periodic cash settlements, while not designated in qualifying hedge relationships and reported on our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income as derivative gains (losses). In addition, for the 2017 periods, the table includes the accrual of periodic cash settlements on derivatives in qualifying hedge relationships.
(In millions)
 
3Q 2018
3Q 2017
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
Not designated as hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate swaps:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Receive-fixed
 

($1,004
)

($329
)
 

($5,080
)

$195

Pay-fixed
 
1,721

352

 
7,922

(78
)
Basis (floating to floating)
 
19

—

 
(9
)
(1
)
Total interest-rate swaps
 
736

23

 
2,833

116

Option-based:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Call swaptions
 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchased
 
(402
)
(67
)
 
(1,392
)
(106
)
Written
 
35

5

 
76

6

Put swaptions
 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchased
 
136

(145
)
 
524

(481
)
Written
 
(2
)
7

 
(23
)
49

Other option-based derivatives(1)
 
(73
)
2

 
(205
)
13

Total option-based
 
(306
)
(198
)
 
(1,020
)
(519
)
Other:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Futures
 
277

18

 
728

(212
)
Commitments
 
69

(121
)
 
672

(128
)
Credit derivatives
 
(4
)
(2
)
 
(14
)
(33
)
Other
 
(71
)
—

 
(64
)
(6
)
Total other
 
271

(105
)
 
1,322

(379
)
Accrual of periodic cash settlements:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Receive-fixed interest-rate swaps
 
39

343

 
335

1,198

Pay-fixed interest-rate swaps
 
(50
)
(741
)
 
(536
)
(2,492
)
Other
 
38

—

 
40

—

Total accrual of periodic cash settlements
 
27

(398
)
 
(161
)
(1,294
)
Total
 

$728


($678
)
 

$2,974


($2,076
)
(1)
Primarily consists of purchased interest-rate caps and floors and options on Treasury futures.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
116
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 9


Fair Value Hedges
The tables below present the effects of fair value hedge accounting by condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income line, including the gains and losses on derivatives and hedged items designated in qualifying hedge relationships and other components due to the application of hedge accounting.
 
 
3Q 2018
(In millions)
 
Interest Income - Mortgage Loans
Interest Expense
Other Income (Loss)
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income in which the effects of fair value hedges are recorded:
 

$16,787


($14,546
)

$394

 
 
 
 
 
Interest contracts on mortgage loans held-for-investment:
 
 
 
 
Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships:(1)
 
 
 
 
Hedged items
 
(755
)
—

—

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
 
776

—

—

Interest accruals on hedging instruments
 
(96
)
—

—

Discontinued hedge related basis adjustment amortization
 
38

—

—

Interest contracts on debt:
 
 
 
 
Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships:
 
 
 
 
Hedged items
 
—

121

—

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
 
—

(50
)
—

Interest accruals on hedging instruments
 
—

(96
)
—

Discontinued hedge related basis adjustment amortization
 
—

(1
)
—

 
 
3Q 2017
(In millions)
 
Interest Income - Mortgage Loans
Interest Expense
Other Income (Loss)
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income in which the effects of fair value hedges are recorded:
 

$15,867


($13,384
)

$5,403

 
 
 
 
 
Interest contracts on mortgage loans held-for-investment:
 
 
 
 
Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships:(1)
 
 
 
 
Hedged items
 
—

—

(15
)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments(2)
 
—

—

85

Discontinued hedge related basis adjustment amortization

 
(8
)
—

—

Referenced footnotes are included after the next tables.



Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
117
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 9


 
 
YTD 2018
(In millions)
 
Interest Income - Mortgage Loans
Interest Expense
Other Income (Loss)
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income in which the effects of fair value hedges are recorded:
 

$49,082


($42,802
)

$1,526

 
 
 
 
 
Interest contracts on mortgage loans held-for-investment:
 
 
 
 
Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships:(1)
 
 
 
 
Hedged items
 
(3,441
)
—

—

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
 
3,087

—

—

Interest accruals on hedging instruments
 
(373
)
—

—

Discontinued hedge related basis adjustment amortization
 
86

—

—

Interest contracts on debt:
 
 
 
 
Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships:
 
 
 
 
Hedged items
 
—

931

—

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
 
—

(728
)
—

Interest accruals on hedging instruments
 
—

(219
)
—

Discontinued hedge related basis adjustment amortization
 
—

(2
)
—

 
 
YTD 2017
(In millions)
 
Interest Income - Mortgage Loans
Interest Expense
Other Income (Loss)
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income in which the effects of fair value hedges are recorded:
 

$47,680


($40,090
)

$6,512

 
 
 
 
 
Interest contracts on mortgage loans held-for-investment:
 
 
 
 
Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships:(1)
 
 
 
 
Hedged items
 
—

—

351

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments(2)
 
—

—

(215
)
Discontinued hedge related basis adjustment amortization

 
(13
)
—

—

(1)
In 3Q 2017 and YTD 2017, gains or losses on derivatives and hedged items were recorded in other income (loss). Beginning in 4Q 2017, gains and losses and interest accruals are recorded in interest income - mortgage loans in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income due to adoption of amended hedge accounting guidance.
(2)
The gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships in 3Q 2017 and YTD 2017 excludes ($101) million and ($277) million, respectively, of interest accruals which were recorded in derivatives gains (losses) in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.





Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
118
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 9


Cumulative Basis Adjustments Due to Fair Value Hedging
The tables below present the hedged item cumulative basis adjustments due to qualifying fair value hedging and the related hedged item carrying amounts by their respective balance sheet line item.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
Carrying Amount Assets / (Liabilities)
 
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Basis Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount
(In millions)
 
 
Total
Discontinued - Hedge Related
Mortgage loans held-for-investment
 

$154,675

 

($3,011
)

($3,011
)
Debt
 
(99,739
)
 
1,006

(10
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
Carrying Amount Assets / (Liabilities)
 
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Basis Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount
(In millions)
 
 
Total
Discontinued - Hedge Related
Mortgage loans held-for-investment
 

$128,140

 

$198


$198

Debt
 
(92,277
)
 
79

(14
)


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
119
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 10


NOTE 10
Collateralized Agreements and Offsetting Arrangements
Derivative Portfolio
Derivative Counterparties
Our use of cleared derivatives, exchange-traded derivatives and OTC derivatives exposes us to counterparty credit risk.
Our use of interest-rate swaps and option-based derivatives is subject to internal credit and legal reviews. On an ongoing basis, we review the credit fundamentals of all of our derivative counterparties, clearinghouses and clearing members to confirm that they continue to meet our internal risk management standards.
Over-the-Counter Derivatives
We use master netting and collateral agreements to reduce our credit risk exposure to our OTC derivative counterparties.
In the event that all of our counterparties for OTC derivatives were to have defaulted simultaneously on September 30, 2018, our maximum loss for accounting purposes after applying netting agreements and collateral on an individual counterparty basis would have been approximately $79 million.
Regulations adopted by certain financial institution regulators (including FHFA) that became effective March 1, 2017 require posting of variation margin without the application of any thresholds for OTC derivative transactions executed after that date. As a result, our and the counterparties' credit ratings are no longer used in determining the amount of collateral to be posted in connection with these transactions.
Cleared and Exchange-Traded Derivatives
The majority of our interest-rate swaps are subject to the central clearing requirement of the Dodd-Frank Act. A reduction in our credit ratings could cause the clearinghouses or clearing members we use for our cleared and exchange-traded derivatives to demand additional collateral.
Other Derivatives
We also execute forward purchase and sale commitments of loans and mortgage-related securities, including dollar roll transactions, that are treated as derivatives for accounting purposes. The total net exposure on our forward purchase and sale commitments, which are treated as derivatives, was $144 million and $44 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
Many of our transactions involving forward purchase and sale commitments of mortgage-related securities utilize the Mortgage Backed Securities Division of the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
120
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 10


("MBSD/FICC") as a clearinghouse. As a clearing member of the clearinghouse, we post margin to the MBSD/FICC and are exposed to the counterparty credit risk of the organization (including its clearing members).
Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell
As an investor, we enter into arrangements to purchase securities under agreements to subsequently resell the identical or substantially the same securities to our counterparty. Our counterparties to these transactions are required to pledge the purchased securities as collateral for their obligation to repurchase those securities at a later date. While such transactions involve the legal transfer of securities, they are accounted for as secured financings because the transferor does not relinquish effective control over the securities transferred. Although it is not our practice to repledge collateral that has been pledged to us, these agreements may allow us to repledge all or a portion of the collateral.
We consider the types of securities being pledged to us as collateral when determining how much we lend in transactions involving securities purchased under agreements to resell. Additionally, we regularly review the market values of these securities compared to amounts loaned in an effort to manage our exposure to losses.
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are effectively collateralized borrowings where we sell securities with an agreement to repurchase such securities at a future date. We are required to pledge the sold securities to the counterparties to these transactions as collateral for our obligation to repurchase these securities at a later date. Similar to the securities purchased under agreements to resell transactions, these transactions involve the legal transfer of securities. However, they are accounted for as secured financings because they require the identical or substantially the same securities to be subsequently repurchased. These agreements may allow our counterparties to repledge all or a portion of the collateral.
Offsetting of Financial Assets and Liabilities
At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, all amounts of cash collateral related to derivatives with master netting and collateral agreements were offset against derivative assets, net or derivative liabilities, net, as applicable.
The tables below display offsetting and collateral information related to derivatives, securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase which are subject to enforceable master netting agreements or similar arrangements. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are included in debt, net on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. During 1Q 2018, certain rule amendments made by the LCH Group became effective. As a result, the legal characterization of variation margin payments for certain of our cleared swaps changed from posting of margin collateral to settlements. The table below reflects this change as of September 30, 2018.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
121
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 10


 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
Gross
Amount
Recognized
 
Amount 
Offset in the
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
 
Net Amount
Presented in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets
Gross Amount
Not Offset in the  Consolidated
Balance Sheets(2)
Net
Amount
(In millions)
 
 
Counterparty Netting
Cash Collateral Netting(1)
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC derivatives
 

$7,365

 

($4,976
)

($2,195
)
 

$194


($115
)

$79

Cleared and exchange-traded derivatives
 
7

 
—

103

 
110

—

110

Other
 
165

 
—

—

 
165

—

165

Total derivatives
 
7,537

 
(4,976
)
(2,092
)
 
469

(115
)
354

Securities purchased under agreements to resell(3)(4)
 
48,540

 
—

—

 
48,540

(48,540
)
—

Total
 

$56,077

 

($4,976
)

($2,092
)
 

$49,009


($48,655
)

$354

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC derivatives
 

($5,211
)
 

$4,976


$211

 

($24
)

$—


($24
)
Cleared and exchange-traded derivatives
 
(43
)
 
—

28

 
(15
)
—

(15
)
Other
 
(256
)
 
—

—

 
(256
)
—

(256
)
Total derivatives
 
(5,510
)
 
4,976

239

 
(295
)
—

(295
)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase(4)
 
(9,726
)
 
—

—

 
(9,726
)
9,726

—

Total
 

($15,236
)
 

$4,976


$239

 

($10,021
)

$9,726


($295
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
Gross
Amount
Recognized
 
Amount 
Offset in the
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
 
Net Amount
Presented in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets
Gross Amount
Not Offset in the  Consolidated
Balance  Sheets(2)
Net
Amount
(In millions)
 
 
Counterparty Netting
Cash Collateral Netting(1)
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC derivatives
 

$7,648

 

($5,499
)

($1,903
)
 

$246


($205
)

$41

Cleared and exchange-traded derivatives
 
2,545

 
(2,266
)
(202
)
 
77

—

77

Other
 
52

 
—

—

 
52

—

52

Total derivatives
 
10,245

 
(7,765
)
(2,105
)
 
375

(205
)
170

Securities purchased under agreements to resell(3)(4)
 
55,903

 
—

—

 
55,903

(55,903
)
—

Total
 

$66,148

 

($7,765
)

($2,105
)
 

$56,278


($56,108
)

$170

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC derivatives
 

($6,285
)
 

$5,499


$688

 

($98
)

$—


($98
)
Cleared and exchange-traded derivatives
 
(2,671
)
 
2,266

363

 
(42
)
—

(42
)
Other
 
(129
)
 
—

—

 
(129
)
—

(129
)
Total derivatives
 
(9,085
)
 
7,765

1,051

 
(269
)
—

(269
)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase(4)
 
(9,681
)
 
—

—

 
(9,681
)
9,681

—

Total
 

($18,766
)
 

$7,765


$1,051

 

($9,950
)

$9,681


($269
)

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
122
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 10


(1)
Excess cash collateral held is presented as a derivative liability, while excess cash collateral posted is presented as a derivative asset.
(2)
Does not include the fair value amount of non-cash collateral posted or held that exceeds the associated net asset or liability, netted by counterparty, presented on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. For cleared and exchange-traded derivatives, does not include non-cash collateral posted by us as initial margin with an aggregate fair value of $2.8 billion and $3.1 billion as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
(3)
We primarily execute securities purchased under agreements to resell transactions with central clearing organizations where we have the right to repledge the collateral that has been pledged to us, either with the central clearing organization or with other counterparties. At September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, we had $32.7 billion and $34.8 billion, respectively, of securities pledged to us in these transactions. In addition, at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we had $2.8 billion and $3.4 billion, respectively, of securities pledged to us for transactions involving securities purchased under agreements to resell not executed with central clearing organizations that we had the right to repledge.
(4)
Does not include the impacts of netting by central clearing organizations.
Collateral Pledged
Collateral Pledged to Freddie Mac
We have cash pledged to us as collateral primarily related to OTC derivative transactions. At September 30, 2018, we had $2.5 billion pledged to us as collateral that was invested as part of our liquidity and contingency operating portfolio.
Collateral Pledged by Freddie Mac
The tables below summarize the fair value of the securities pledged as collateral by us for derivatives and collateralized borrowing transactions, including securities that the secured party may repledge.
 
 
September 30, 2018
(In millions)
 
Derivatives
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
Other(2)
Total
Debt securities of consolidated trusts(1)
 

$361


$—


$128


$489

Trading securities
 
2,392

9,719

408

12,519

Total securities pledged
 

$2,753


$9,719


$536


$13,008

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
(In millions)
 
Derivatives
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
Other(2)
Total
Debt securities of consolidated trusts(1)
 

$375


$—


$111


$486

Trading securities
 
2,766

9,705

362

12,833

Total securities pledged
 

$3,141


$9,705


$473


$13,319

(1)
Represents PCs held by us in our Capital Markets segment mortgage investments portfolio which are recorded as a reduction to debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(2)
Includes collateral related to transactions with certain clearinghouses.
The table below summarizes the underlying collateral pledged and the remaining contractual maturity of our gross obligations under securities sold under agreements to repurchase.
 
 
September 30, 2018
(In millions)
 
Overnight and continuous
30 days or less
After 30 days through 90 days
Greater than 90 days
Total
U.S. Treasury securities
 

$4,627


$4,314


$778


$—


$9,719


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
123
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 11


NOTE 11
Stockholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Share
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The tables below present changes in AOCI after the effects of our federal statutory tax rates of 21% and 35% for YTD 2018 and YTD 2017, respectively, related to available-for-sale securities, closed cash flow hedges and our defined benefit plans.
 
 
YTD 2018
(In millions)
 
AOCI Related
to Available-
For-Sale
Securities
AOCI Related
to Cash Flow
Hedge
Relationships
AOCI Related
to Defined
Benefit Plans
Total
Beginning balance
 

$662


($356
)

$83


$389

Other comprehensive income before reclassifications(1)
 
(821
)
—

(1
)
(822
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
 
(244
)
87

(12
)
(169
)
Changes in AOCI by component
 
(1,065
)
87

(13
)
(991
)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle(2)

 
143

(73
)
19

89

Ending balance
 

($260
)

($342
)

$89


($513
)
 
 
 
 
 
YTD 2017
(In millions)
 
AOCI Related
to Available-
For-Sale
Securities
AOCI Related
to Cash Flow
Hedge
Relationships
AOCI Related
to Defined
Benefit Plans
Total
Beginning balance
 

$915


($480
)

$21


$456

Other comprehensive income before reclassifications(1)
 
955

—

(2
)
953

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
 
(709
)
81

(1
)
(629
)
Changes in AOCI by component
 
246

81

(3
)
324

Ending balance
 

$1,161


($399
)

$18


$780

(1)
For YTD 2018 and YTD 2017, net of tax expense (benefit) of $0.2 billion and $0.5 billion, respectively, for AOCI related to available-for-sale securities.
(2)
Includes the effect of adopting the accounting guidance on reclassification of stranded tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
In 1Q 2018, we adopted the accounting guidance related to the reclassification of stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. The reclassification includes stranded tax effects related to unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, deferred net losses on closed cash flow hedges and our defined benefit plans.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
124
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 11


Reclassifications from AOCI to Net Income
The table below presents reclassifications from AOCI to net income, including the affected line item in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
(In millions)
 
3Q 2018
3Q 2017
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
AOCI related to available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Affected line items in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other gains (losses) on investment securities recognized in earnings
 

($62
)

$796

 

$312


$1,109

Net impairment of available-for-sale securities recognized in earnings
 
(2
)
(1
)
 
(3
)
(17
)
Total before tax
 
(64
)
795

 
309

1,092

Income tax (expense) or benefit
 
13

(279
)
 
(65
)
(383
)
Net of tax
 
(51
)
516

 
244

709

AOCI related to cash flow hedge relationships
 
 
 
 
 
 
Affected line items in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
 
(31
)
(40
)
 
(106
)
(125
)
Income tax (expense) or benefit
 
6

14

 
19

44

Net of tax
 
(25
)
(26
)
 
(87
)
(81
)
AOCI related to defined benefit plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
Affected line items in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries and employee benefits
 
5

1

 
15

1

Income tax (expense) or benefit
 
(1
)
—

 
(3
)
—

Net of tax
 
4

1

 
12

1

Total reclassifications in the period
 

($72
)

$491

 

$169


$629

Future Reclassifications from AOCI to Net Income Related to Closed Cash Flow Hedges
The total AOCI related to derivatives designated as cash flow hedges was a loss of $0.3 billion and $0.4 billion at September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively, composed of deferred net losses on closed cash flow hedges. Closed cash flow hedges involve derivatives that have been terminated or are no longer designated as cash flow hedges. Fluctuations in prevailing market interest rates have no effect on the deferred portion of AOCI relating to losses on closed cash flow hedges.
The previously deferred amount related to closed cash flow hedges remains in our AOCI balance and will be recognized into earnings over the expected time period for which the forecasted transactions affect earnings, unless it is deemed probable that the forecasted transactions will not occur. Over the next 12 months, we estimate that approximately $78 million, net of taxes, of the $0.3 billion of cash flow hedge losses in AOCI at September 30, 2018 will be reclassified into earnings. The maximum remaining length of time over which we have hedged the exposure related to the variability in future cash flows on forecasted transactions, primarily forecasted debt issuances, is 15 years.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
125
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 11


Senior Preferred Stock
As of September 30, 2018, our assets exceeded our liabilities under GAAP; therefore, no draw is being requested from Treasury under the Purchase Agreement. Based on our Net Worth Amount of $5.6 billion as of September 30, 2018 and the Capital Reserve Amount of $3.0 billion, our dividend requirement to Treasury in December 2018 will be $2.6 billion. See Note 2 for additional information.
Upon the Conservator, acting as successor to the rights, titles, powers and privileges of the Board of Directors, declaring a senior preferred stock dividend equal to our dividend requirement and directing us to pay it before December 31, 2018, we would pay a dividend of $2.6 billion by December 31, 2018. If for any reason we were not to pay our dividend requirement on the senior preferred stock in full, the unpaid amount would be added to the liquidation preference and our applicable Capital Reserve Amount would thereafter be zero, but this would not affect our ability to draw funds from Treasury under the Purchase Agreement. Our cumulative senior preferred stock dividend payments totaled $114.0 billion as of September 30, 2018. The aggregate liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock owned by Treasury was $75.6 billion and $75.3 billion as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
Stock Issuances and Repurchases
We did not repurchase or issue any of our common shares or non-cumulative preferred stock during 3Q 2018.
Earnings Per Share
We have participating securities related to restricted stock units with dividend equivalent rights that receive dividends as declared on an equal basis with common shares but are not obligated to participate in undistributed net losses. These participating securities consist of vested restricted stock units that earn dividend equivalents at the same rate when and as declared on common stock.
Consequently, in accordance with accounting guidance, we use the "two-class" method of computing earnings per common share. The "two-class" method is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for common stock and participating securities based on dividends declared and participation rights in undistributed earnings.
Basic earnings per common share is computed as net income attributable to common stockholders divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. The weighted average common shares outstanding for the period includes the weighted average number of shares that are associated with the warrant for our common stock issued to Treasury pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. These shares are included since the warrant is unconditionally exercisable by the holder at a minimal cost.
Diluted earnings per common share is computed as net income attributable to common stockholders divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period adjusted for the dilutive effect of common equivalent shares outstanding. For periods with net income attributable to common stockholders, the calculation includes the effect of the weighted-average of restricted stock units.
During periods in which a net loss attributable to common stockholders has been incurred, potential

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
126
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 11


common equivalent shares outstanding are not included in the calculation because it would have an antidilutive effect.
There were no stock options outstanding at both September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017.
Dividends Declared
No common dividends were declared during YTD 2018. During 1Q 2018 and 2Q 2018, we did not pay dividends on the senior preferred stock. At the direction of our Conservator, we paid dividends of $1.6 billion in cash on the senior preferred stock during 3Q 2018. In addition, we did not declare or pay dividends on any other series of Freddie Mac preferred stock outstanding during YTD 2018.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
127
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 12



NOTE 12
Income Taxes
Income Tax Expense
For 3Q 2018 and 3Q 2017, we reported income tax expense of $0.6 billion and $2.5 billion, respectively, resulting in effective tax rates of 17.0% and 35.0%, respectively. For YTD 2018 and YTD 2017, we reported income tax expense of $1.9 billion and $4.5 billion, respectively, resulting in effective tax rates of 19.3% and 34.3%, respectively. Our effective tax rate for YTD 2018 differed from the statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to the adjustment of the revaluation of our net deferred tax asset to the enacted rate with the filing of our 2017 tax return, which reduced the write-down of the deferred tax asset taken in 4Q 2017. Our effective tax rate for YTD 2017 differed from the statutory tax rate of 35% primarily due to our recognition of low income housing tax credits.
Deferred Tax Assets, Net
We had net deferred tax assets of $7.9 billion and $8.1 billion as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. At September 30, 2018, our net deferred tax assets consisted primarily of basis differences related to derivative instruments and deferred fees.
Based on all positive and negative evidence available at September 30, 2018, we determined that it is more likely than not that our net deferred tax assets, except for a portion of the deferred tax asset related to our capital loss carryforward, will be realized. As of September 30, 2018, we have a $46 million valuation allowance recorded against our capital loss carryforward deferred tax asset.
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
We evaluated all income tax positions and determined that there were no uncertain tax positions that required reserves as of September 30, 2018.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
128
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 13


NOTE 13
Segment Reporting
We have three reportable segments, which are based on the type of business activities each performs - Single-family Guarantee, Multifamily and Capital Markets. Material corporate-level activities that are infrequent in nature and based on decisions outside the control of the management of our reportable segments are included in the All Other category. For more information, see our 2017 Annual Report.
Segment Earnings
We present Segment Earnings by reclassifying certain credit guarantee-related activities and investment-related activities between various line items on our GAAP condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income and allocating certain revenues and expenses, including funding costs and administrative expenses, to our three reportable segments.
We do not consider our assets by segment when evaluating segment performance or allocating resources. We operate our business in the United States and its territories, and accordingly, we generate no revenue from and have no long-lived assets, other than financial instruments, in geographic locations other than the United States and its territories.
We evaluate segment performance and allocate resources based on a Segment Earnings approach, subject to the conduct of our business under the direction of the Conservator. See Note 2 for information about the conservatorship.
The table below presents Segment Earnings by segment.
(In millions)
 
3Q 2018
3Q 2017
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
Segment Earnings (loss), net of taxes:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single-family Guarantee
 

$1,065


$255

 

$2,570


$1,743

Multifamily
 
546

374

 
1,566

1,212

Capital Markets
 
1,095

4,042

 
3,999

5,591

All Other
 
—

—

 
—

—

Total Segment Earnings, net of taxes
 
2,706

4,671

 
8,135

8,546

Net income
 

$2,706


$4,671

 

$8,135


$8,546

Comprehensive income (loss) of segments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single-family Guarantee
 

$1,063


$255

 

$2,562


$1,741

Multifamily
 
502

370

 
1,430

1,277

Capital Markets
 
994

4,025

 
3,152

5,852

All Other
 
—

—

 
—

—

Comprehensive income of segments
 
2,559

4,650

 
7,144

8,870

Comprehensive income
 

$2,559


$4,650

 

$7,144


$8,870


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
129
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 13


The tables below present detailed reconciliations between our GAAP financial statements and Segment Earnings for our reportable segments and All Other.
 
 
3Q 2018
 
 
Single-family
Guarantee
Multifamily
Capital Markets
All
Other
Total Segment
Earnings (Loss)
Reclassifications
Total per
Consolidated
Statements of
Comprehensive
Income
(In millions)
 
Net interest income
 

$—


$277


$923


$—


$1,200


$2,057


$3,257

Guarantee fee income(1)
 
1,576

210

—

—

1,786

(1,577
)
209

Benefit (provision) for credit losses
 
196

2

—

—

198

182

380

Net impairment of available-for-sale securities recognized in earnings
 
—

—

7

—

7

(9
)
(2
)
Derivative gains (losses)
 
(25
)
375

427

—

777

(49
)
728

Gains (losses) on trading securities
 
—

(93
)
(286
)
—

(379
)
—

(379
)
Gains (losses) on loans
 
—

(284
)
—

—

(284
)
111

(173
)
Other non-interest income (loss)
 
373

295

327

—

995

(553
)
442

Administrative expense
 
(371
)
(109
)
(89
)
—

(569
)
—

(569
)
REO operations expense
 
(42
)
—

—

—

(42
)
4

(38
)
Other non-interest expense
 
(413
)
(14
)
—

—

(427
)
(166
)
(593
)
Income tax expense
 
(229
)
(113
)
(214
)
—

(556
)
—

(556
)
Net income
 
1,065

546

1,095

—

2,706

—

2,706

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) related to available-for-sale securities
 
—

(44
)
(125
)
—

(169
)
—

(169
)
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) related to cash flow hedge relationships
 
—

—

25

—

25

—

25

Changes in defined benefit plans
 
(2
)
—

(1
)
—

(3
)
—

(3
)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes
 
(2
)
(44
)
(101
)
—

(147
)
—

(147
)
Comprehensive income
 

$1,063


$502


$994


$—


$2,559


$—


$2,559

 
Referenced footnote is included after the YTD 2017 table.
 
 
 
YTD 2018
 
 
Single-family
Guarantee
Multifamily
Capital Markets
All
Other
Total Segment
Earnings (Loss)
Reclassifications
Total per
Consolidated
Statements of
Comprehensive
Income
(In millions)
 
Net interest income
 

$—


$841


$2,602


$—


$3,443


$5,835


$9,278

Guarantee fee income(1)
 
4,660

609

—

—

5,269

(4,666
)
603

Benefit (provision) for credit losses
 
327

20

—

—

347

30

377

Net impairment of available-for-sale securities recognized in earnings
 
—

—

144

—

144

(147
)
(3
)
Derivative gains (losses)
 
(37
)
1,254

2,038

—

3,255

(281
)
2,974

Gains (losses) on trading securities
 
—

(344
)
(989
)
—

(1,333
)
—

(1,333
)
Gains (losses) on loans
 
—

(797
)
—

—

(797
)
466

(331
)
Other non-interest income (loss)
 
598

704

1,429

—

2,731

(762
)
1,969

Administrative expense
 
(1,070
)
(315
)
(262
)
—

(1,647
)
—

(1,647
)
REO operations expense
 
(101
)
1

—

—

(100
)
13

(87
)
Other non-interest expense
 
(1,192
)
(33
)
(6
)
—

(1,231
)
(488
)
(1,719
)
Income tax expense
 
(615
)
(374
)
(957
)
—

(1,946
)
—

(1,946
)
Net income
 
2,570

1,566

3,999

—

8,135

—

8,135

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) related to available-for-sale securities
 
—

(134
)
(931
)
—

(1,065
)
—

(1,065
)
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) related to cash flow hedge relationships
 
—

—

87

—

87

—

87

Changes in defined benefit plans
 
(8
)
(2
)
(3
)
—

(13
)
—

(13
)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes
 
(8
)
(136
)
(847
)
—

(991
)
—

(991
)
Comprehensive income
 

$2,562


$1,430


$3,152


$—


$7,144


$—


$7,144

Referenced footnote is included after the YTD 2017 table.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
130
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 13


 
 
3Q 2017
 
 
Single-family
Guarantee
Multifamily
Capital Markets
All
Other
Total Segment
Earnings (Loss)
Reclassifications
Total per
Consolidated
Statements of
Comprehensive
Income
(In millions)
 
Net interest income
 

$—


$342


$804


$—


$1,146


$2,343


$3,489

Guarantee fee income(1)
 
1,581

170

—

—

1,751

(1,582
)
169

Benefit (provision) for credit losses
 
(826
)
(22
)
—

—

(848
)
132

(716
)
Net impairment of available-for-sale securities recognized in earnings
 
—

—

50

—

50

(51
)
(1
)
Derivative gains (losses)
 
(2
)
22

(324
)
—

(304
)
(374
)
(678
)
Gains (losses) on trading securities
 
—

(47
)
(26
)
—

(73
)
—

(73
)
Gains (losses) on loans
 
—

(84
)
—

—

(84
)
287

203

Other non-interest income (loss)
 
405

314

5,757

—

6,476

(622
)
5,854

Administrative expense
 
(353
)
(98
)
(73
)
—

(524
)
—

(524
)
REO operations expense
 
(38
)
—

—

—

(38
)
3

(35
)
Other non-interest expense
 
(348
)
(11
)
(3
)
—

(362
)
(136
)
(498
)
Income tax expense
 
(164
)
(212
)
(2,143
)
—

(2,519
)
—

(2,519
)
Net income
 
255

374

4,042

—

4,671

—

4,671

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) related to available-for-sale securities
 
—

(4
)
(43
)
—

(47
)
—

(47
)
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) related to cash flow hedge relationships
 
—

—

26

—

26

—

26

Changes in defined benefit plans
 
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes
 
—

(4
)
(17
)
—

(21
)
—

(21
)
Comprehensive income
 

$255


$370


$4,025


$—


$4,650


$—


$4,650

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Referenced footnote is included after the next table.
 
 
 
YTD 2017
 
 
Single-family
Guarantee
Multifamily
Capital Markets
All
Other
Total Segment
Earnings (Loss)
Reclassifications
Total per
Consolidated
Statements of
Comprehensive
Income
(In millions)
 
Net interest income
 

$—


$905


$2,608


$—


$3,513


$7,150


$10,663

Guarantee fee income(1)
 
4,505

483

—

—

4,988

(4,512
)
476

Benefit (provision) for credit losses
 
(775
)
(10
)
—

—

(785
)
607

(178
)
Net impairment of available-for-sale securities recognized in earnings
 
—

(4
)
194

—

190

(207
)
(17
)
Derivative gains (losses)
 
(34
)
(31
)
(757
)
—

(822
)
(1,254
)
(2,076
)
Gains (losses) on trading securities
 
—

(62
)
(207
)
—

(269
)
—

(269
)
Gains (losses) on loans
 
—

(75
)
—

—

(75
)
485

410

Other non-interest income (loss)
 
1,115

972

6,924

—

9,011

(1,981
)
7,030

Administrative expense
 
(1,018
)
(288
)
(242
)
—

(1,548
)
—

(1,548
)
REO operations expense
 
(138
)
—

—

—

(138
)
10

(128
)
Other non-interest expense
 
(1,001
)
(44
)
(8
)
—

(1,053
)
(298
)
(1,351
)
Income tax (expense) benefit
 
(911
)
(634
)
(2,921
)
—

(4,466
)
—

(4,466
)
Net income (loss)
 
1,743

1,212

5,591

—

8,546

—

8,546

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) related to available-for-sale securities
 
—

65

181

—

246

—

246

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) related to cash flow hedge relationships
 
—

—

81

—

81

—

81

Changes in defined benefit plans
 
(2
)
—

(1
)
—

(3
)
—

(3
)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes
 
(2
)
65

261

—

324

—

324

Comprehensive income
 

$1,741


$1,277


$5,852


$—


$8,870


$—


$8,870

(1)
Guarantee fee income is included in other income (loss) on our GAAP condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
131
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 14


NOTE 14
Concentration of Credit and Other Risks
Single-Family Credit Guarantee Portfolio
The table below summarizes the concentration by loan portfolio and geographic area of the approximately $1.9 trillion and $1.8 trillion UPB of our single-family credit guarantee portfolio at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. See Note 4 and Note 7 for more information about credit risk associated with loans and mortgage-related securities that we hold or guarantee.
                       
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
Percent of Credit Losses
 
 
Percentage  of
Portfolio
Serious
Delinquency
Rate
 
Percentage  of
Portfolio
Serious
Delinquency
Rate
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
Core single-family loan portfolio
 
81
%
0.22
%
 
78
%
0.35
%
 
12
%
3
%
Legacy and relief refinance single-family loan portfolio
 
19

2.01

 
22

2.59

 
88

97

Total
 
100
%
0.73

 
100
%
1.08

 
100
%
100
%
Region(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
West
 
30
%
0.39

 
30
%
0.47

 
17
%
27
%
Northeast
 
24

1.01

 
25

1.24

 
40

34

North Central
 
16

0.65

 
16

0.81

 
18

16

Southeast
 
16

0.98

 
16

1.95

 
18

19

Southwest
 
14

0.60

 
13

0.98

 
7

4

Total
 
100
%
0.73

 
100
%
1.08

 
100
%
100
%
State(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
New York
 
5
%
1.47

 
5
%
1.74

 
12
%
8
%
New Jersey
 
3

1.34

 
3

1.78

 
10

9

Illinois
 
5

0.90

 
5

1.13

 
9

9

Florida
 
6

1.24

 
6

3.33

 
10

12

California
 
18

0.34

 
18

0.41

 
10

18

All other
 
63

0.66

 
63

0.91

 
49

44

Total
 
100
%
0.73
%
 
100
%
1.08
%
 
100
%
100
%
(1)
Region designation: West (AK, AZ, CA, GU, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR, UT, WA); Northeast (CT, DE, DC, MA, ME, MD, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT, VA, WV); North Central (IL, IN, IA, MI, MN, ND, OH, SD, WI); Southeast (AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, PR, SC, TN, VI); Southwest (AR, CO, KS, LA, MO, NE, NM, OK, TX, WY).
(2)
States presented based on those with the highest percentage of credit losses during YTD 2018.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
132
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 14


Credit Performance of Certain Higher Risk Single-Family Loan Categories
Participants in the mortgage market have characterized single-family loans based upon their overall credit quality at the time of origination, including as prime or subprime. Mortgage market participants have classified single-family loans as Alt-A if these loans have credit characteristics that range between their prime and subprime categories, if they are underwritten with lower or alternative income or asset documentation requirements compared to a full documentation loan, or both. Although we discontinued new purchases of loans with lower documentation standards beginning March 1, 2009, we continued to purchase certain amounts of these loans in cases where the loan was either:
n Purchased pursuant to a previously issued other mortgage-related guarantee;
n Part of our relief refinance initiative; or
n In another refinance loan initiative and the pre-existing loan (including Alt-A loans) was originated under less than full documentation standards.
In the event we purchase a refinance loan and the original loan had been previously identified as Alt-A, such refinance loan may no longer be categorized or reported as Alt-A in the table below because the new refinance loan replacing the original loan would not be identified by the seller/servicer as an Alt-A loan. As a result, our reported Alt-A balances may be lower than would otherwise be the case had such refinancing not occurred.
Although we do not categorize single-family loans we purchase or guarantee as prime or subprime, we recognize that there are a number of loan types with certain characteristics that indicate a higher degree of credit risk.
For example, a borrower’s credit score is a useful measure for assessing the credit quality of the borrower. Statistically, borrowers with higher credit scores are more likely to repay or have the ability to refinance than those with lower scores.
Presented below is a summary of the serious delinquency rates of certain higher-risk categories (based on characteristics of the loan at origination) of loans in our single-family credit guarantee portfolio. The table includes a presentation of each higher-risk category in isolation. A single loan may fall within more than one category (for example, an interest-only loan may also have an original LTV ratio greater than 90%). Loans with a combination of these attributes will have an even higher risk of delinquency than those with an individual attribute.
 
 
Percentage of Portfolio(1)
 
Serious Delinquency Rate(1)
(Percentage of portfolio based on UPB)
 
September 30, 2018
December 31, 2017
 
September 30, 2018
December 31, 2017
Interest-only
 
1
%
1
%
 
3.72
%
4.97
%
Alt-A
 
1

1

 
4.40

5.62

Original LTV ratio greater than 90%(2)
 
17

17

 
1.08

1.70

Lower credit scores at origination (less than 620)
 
2

2

 
4.68

6.34

(1)
Excludes loans underlying certain other securitization products for which data was not available.
(2)
Includes HARP loans, which we purchase as part of our participation in the MHA Program.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
133
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 14


Sellers and Servicers
Sellers
We acquire a significant portion of our single-family and multifamily loan purchase volume from several large sellers. The tables below summarize the concentration of single-family and multifamily sellers who provided 10% or more of our purchase volume.
Single-family Sellers
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
 
12
%
16
%
Other top 10 sellers
 
37

37

Top 10 single-family sellers
 
49
%
53
%
 
 
 
 
Multifamily Sellers
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
CBRE Capital Markets, Inc.
 
19
%
17
%
Berkadia Commercial Mortgage LLC
 
12

9

Holliday Fenoglio Fowler, L.P.
 
9

10

Other top 10 sellers
 
38

42

Top 10 multifamily sellers
 
78
%
78
%
In recent years, there has been a shift in our single-family purchase volume from depository institutions to non-depository and smaller depository financial institutions. Some of these non-depository sellers have grown rapidly in recent years, and we purchase a significant share of our loans from them. Our top five non-depository sellers provided approximately 22% and 20% of our single-family purchase volume during YTD 2018 and YTD 2017, respectively.
Servicers
Significant portions of our single-family and multifamily loans are serviced by several large servicers. The tables below summarize the concentration of single-family and multifamily servicers who serviced 10% or more of our single-family credit guarantee portfolio and our multifamily mortgage portfolio, excluding loans underlying multifamily securitizations where we are not in first loss position, primarily K Certificates and SB Certificates.
Single-family Servicers

 
September 30, 2018(1)
December 31, 2017(1)
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.

 
18
%
18
%
Other top 10 servicers

 
39

40

Top 10 single-family servicers
 
57
%
58
%
(1)
Percentage of servicing volume is based on the total single-family credit guarantee portfolio, excluding loans where we do not exercise control over the associated servicing.
Multifamily Servicers
 
September 30, 2018
December 31, 2017
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
 
16
%
16
%
CBRE Capital Markets, Inc.
 
14

12

Berkadia Commercial Mortgage LLC
 
9

11

Other top 10 servicers
 
36

36

Top 10 multifamily servicers
 
75
%
75
%

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
134
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 14


In recent years, there has been a shift in our single-family servicing from depository institutions to non-depository servicers. Some of these non-depository servicers have grown rapidly in recent years and now service a large share of our loans. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, approximately 17% and 15%, respectively, of our single-family credit guarantee portfolio, excluding loans where we do not exercise control over the associated servicing, was serviced by our top five non-depository servicers. We routinely monitor the performance of our largest non-depository servicers.
Mortgage Insurers
We have counterparty credit risk relating to the potential insolvency of, or non-performance by, mortgage insurers that insure single-family loans we purchase or guarantee. We evaluate the recovery and collectability from mortgage insurers as part of the estimate of our allowance for credit losses. See Note 4 for additional information. As of September 30, 2018, mortgage insurers provided coverage with maximum loss limits of $94.0 billion, for $366.8 billion of UPB, in connection with our single-family credit guarantee portfolio. These amounts are based on gross coverage without regard to netting of coverage that may exist to the extent an affected loan is covered under both primary and pool insurance.
The table below summarizes the concentration of mortgage insurer counterparties who provided 10% or more of our overall mortgage insurance coverage. On October 23, 2016, Genworth Financial, Inc. announced that it had entered into an agreement to be acquired by China Oceanwide Holdings Group Co., Ltd. Regulatory and other approvals of the acquisition are still pending. Genworth Mortgage Insurance Corporation is a subsidiary of Genworth Financial, Inc.
 
 
 
 
Mortgage Insurance Coverage(2)
Mortgage Insurer
 
Credit Rating(1)
 
September 30, 2018
December 31, 2017
Arch Mortgage Insurance Company
 
A-
 
24
%
24
%
Radian Guaranty Inc.
 
BBB
 
21

21

Mortgage Guaranty Insurance Corporation
 
BBB
 
19

19

Genworth Mortgage Insurance Corporation
 
BB+
 
15

15

Essent Guaranty, Inc.
 
BBB+
 
13

12

Total
 
 
 
92
%
91
%
(1)
Ratings are for the corporate entity to which we have the greatest exposure. Latest rating available as of September 30, 2018. Represents the lower of S&P and Moody’s credit ratings stated in terms of the S&P equivalent.
(2)
Coverage amounts may include coverage provided by affiliates and subsidiaries of the counterparty.
We received proceeds of $0.2 billion and $0.3 billion during YTD 2018 and YTD 2017, respectively, from our primary and pool mortgage insurance policies for recovery of losses on our single-family loans. We had outstanding receivables from mortgage insurers of $0.1 billion (excluding deferred payment obligations associated with unpaid claim amounts) as of both September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The balance of these receivables, net of an associated allowance for credit losses, was approximately $0.1 billion at both September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
PMI Mortgage Insurance Co. and Triad Guaranty Insurance Corp. are both under the control of their state regulators and are in run-off. A substantial portion of their claims is recorded by us as deferred payment obligations. As of both September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we had cumulative unpaid deferred payment obligations of $0.5 billion from these insurers. We recognized an allowance for credit losses for all of these unpaid amounts as collectability is uncertain. It is not clear how the regulators of these companies will administer their respective deferred payment plans in the future, nor when or if those obligations will be paid.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
135
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 14


Cash and Other Investments Counterparties
We are exposed to the non-performance of counterparties relating to cash and other investments (including non-mortgage-related securities and cash equivalents) transactions, including those entered into on behalf of our securitization trusts. Our policies require that the counterparty be evaluated using our internal counterparty rating model prior to our entering into such transactions. We monitor the financial strength of our counterparties to these transactions and may use collateral maintenance requirements to manage our exposure to individual counterparties. The permitted term and dollar limits for each of these transactions are also based on the counterparty's financial strength.
Our cash and other investments (including non-mortgage-related securities and cash equivalents) counterparties are primarily major financial institutions, including commercial banks, other GSEs, Treasury, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the Government Securities Division of Fixed Income Clearing Corporation (GSD/FICC), highly-rated supranational institutions and government money market funds. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, $2.8 billion and $0.2 billion of our securities purchased under agreements to resell were used to provide financing to investors in Freddie Mac securities to increase liquidity and expand the investor base for those securities. These transactions differ from the securities purchased under agreements to resell that we use for liquidity purposes as the counterparties we face may not be major financial institutions and we are exposed to the counterparty risk of these institutions. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, including amounts related to our consolidated VIEs, the balance in our other investments and cash portfolio was $82.8 billion and $89.8 billion, respectively. The balances consist primarily of cash and securities purchased under agreements to resell invested with counterparties, U.S. Treasury securities, cash deposited with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, cash advanced to lenders and other secured lending. As of September 30, 2018, all of our securities purchased under agreements to resell were fully collateralized.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
136
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 15


NOTE 15
Fair Value Disclosures
The accounting guidance for fair value measurements and disclosures defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and sets forth disclosure requirements regarding fair value measurements. This guidance applies whenever other accounting guidance requires or permits assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value. Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either in the principal market for the asset or liability, or, in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.
We use fair value measurements for the initial recording of certain assets and liabilities and periodic remeasurement of certain assets and liabilities on a recurring or non-recurring basis.
Fair Value Measurements
The accounting guidance for fair value measurements and disclosures establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs into the valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The levels of the fair value hierarchy are defined as follows in priority order:
n Level 1 - inputs to the valuation techniques are based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
n Level 2 - inputs to the valuation techniques are based on observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
n Level 3 - one or more inputs to the valuation technique are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.
We use quoted market prices and valuation techniques that seek to maximize the use of observable inputs, where available, and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Our inputs are based on the assumptions a market participant would use in valuing the asset or liability. Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The tables below present our assets and liabilities measured on our condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value on a recurring basis subsequent to initial recognition, including instruments where we have elected the fair value option.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
137
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 15


 
 
September 30, 2018
(In millions)
 
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Netting Adjustment(1)
Total
Assets:
 





Investments in securities:
 





Available-for-sale, at fair value:
 





Mortgage-related securities:
 





Freddie Mac
 

$—


$24,655


$4,513


$—


$29,168

Other agency
 
—

1,865

40

—

1,905

Non-agency RMBS
 
—

—

1,814

—

1,814

Non-agency CMBS
 
—

21

1,578

—

1,599

Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
—

—

243

—

243

Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value
 
—

26,541

8,188

—

34,729

Trading, at fair value:
 


 

 
Mortgage-related securities:
 


 

 
Freddie Mac
 
—

9,790

2,109

—

11,899

Other agency
 
—

2,714

17

—

2,731

All other
 
—

20

1,072

—

1,092

Total mortgage-related securities
 
—

12,524

3,198

—

15,722

Non-mortgage-related securities
 
22,691

2,788

—

—

25,479

Total trading securities, at fair value
 
22,691

15,312

3,198

—

41,201

Total investments in securities
 
22,691

41,853

11,386

—

75,930

Mortgage loans:
 





Held-for-sale, at fair value
 
—

18,222

—

—

18,222

Derivative assets, net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate swaps
 
—

2,742

—

—

2,742

Option-based derivatives
 
—

3,661

—

—

3,661

Other
 
—

144

21

—

165

Subtotal, before netting adjustments
 
—

6,547

21

—

6,568

Netting adjustments(1)
 
—

—

—

(6,099
)
(6,099
)
Total derivative assets, net
 
—

6,547

21

(6,099
)
469

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 


Guarantee asset, at fair value
 
—

—

3,443

—

3,443

Non-derivative held-for-sale purchase commitments, at fair value
 
—

174

—

—

174

All other, at fair value
 
—

—

90

—

90

Total other assets
 
—

174

3,533

—

3,707

Total assets carried at fair value on a recurring basis
 

$22,691


$66,796


$14,940


($6,099
)

$98,328

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties, at fair value
 

$—


$7


$728


$—


$735

Other debt, at fair value
 
—

4,460

134

—

4,594

Derivative liabilities, net:
 





Interest-rate swaps
 
—

4,055

—

—

4,055

Option-based derivatives
 
—

96

—

—

96

Other
 
—

148

108

—

256

Subtotal, before netting adjustments
 
—

4,299

108

—

4,407

Netting adjustments(1)
 
—

—

—

(4,112
)
(4,112
)
Total derivative liabilities, net
 
—

4,299

108

(4,112
)
295

Other liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-derivative held-for-sale purchase commitments, at fair value
 
—

34

—

—

34

Total liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis
 

$—


$8,800


$970


($4,112
)

$5,658

Referenced footnote is included after the next table.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
138
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 15


 
 
December 31, 2017
(In millions)
 
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Netting Adjustment(1)
Total
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments in securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-related securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Freddie Mac
 

$—


$30,415


$5,055


$—


$35,470

Other agency
 
—

2,007

46

—

2,053

Non-agency RMBS
 
—

—

3,933

—

3,933

Non-agency CMBS
 
—

87

1,697

—

1,784

Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
—

—

357

—

357

Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value
 
—

32,509

11,088

—

43,597

Trading, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-related securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Freddie Mac
 
—

11,393

842

—

12,235

Other agency
 
—

3,565

9

—

3,574

All other
 
—

27

2,066

—

2,093

Total mortgage-related securities
 
—

14,985

2,917

—

17,902

Non-mortgage-related securities
 
20,159

2,660

—

—

22,819

Total trading securities, at fair value
 
20,159

17,645

2,917

—

40,721

Total investments in securities
 
20,159

50,154

14,005

—

84,318

Mortgage loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Held-for-sale, at fair value
 
—

20,054

—

—

20,054

Derivative assets, net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate swaps
 
—

4,262

—

—

4,262

Option-based derivatives
 
—

4,524

—

—

4,524

Other
 
—

44

8

—

52

Subtotal, before netting adjustments
 
—

8,830

8

—

8,838

Netting adjustments(1)
 
—

—

—

(8,463
)
(8,463
)
Total derivative assets, net
 
—

8,830

8

(8,463
)
375

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guarantee asset, at fair value
 
—

—

3,171

—

3,171

Non-derivative held-for-sale purchase commitments, at fair value
 
—

137

—

—

137

All other, at fair value
 
—

—

45

—

45

Total other assets
 
—

137

3,216

—

3,353

Total assets carried at fair value on a recurring basis
 

$20,159


$79,175


$17,229


($8,463
)

$108,100

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties, at fair value
 

$—


$9


$630


$—


$639

Other debt, at fair value
 
—

5,023

137

—

5,160

Derivative liabilities, net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate swaps
 
—

7,239

—

—

7,239

Option-based derivatives
 
—

121

—

—

121

Other
 
—

64

65

—

129

Subtotal, before netting adjustments
 
—

7,424

65

—

7,489

Netting adjustments(1)
 
—

—

—

(7,220
)
(7,220
)
Total derivative liabilities, net
 
—

7,424

65

(7,220
)
269

Other liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-derivative held-for-sale purchase commitments, at fair value
 
—

4

—

—

4

Total liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis
 

$—


$12,460


$832


($7,220
)

$6,072

(1)
Represents counterparty netting, cash collateral netting and net derivative interest receivable or payable.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
139
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 15


Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
The tables below present a reconciliation of all assets and liabilities measured on our condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), including transfers into and out of Level 3. The tables also present gains and losses due to changes in fair value, including both realized and unrealized gains and losses, recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for Level 3 assets and liabilities. When assets and liabilities are transferred between levels, we recognize the transfer as of the beginning of the period.
 
 
3Q 2018
 
 
Balance,
July 1,
2018
 
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)

Purchases

Issues

Sales

Settlements,
net

Transfers
into
Level 3(1)

Transfers
out of
Level 3(1)

Balance,
September 30,
2018

Unrealized
gains (losses)
still held(3)
(In millions)
 
 
Included in
earnings
 
Included in other
comprehensive
income

Total









 

Assets
 

 

 



















Investments in securities:
 

 

 



















Available-for-sale, at fair value:
 

 

 



















Mortgage-related securities:
 

 

 



 















Freddie Mac
 

$4,380

 

($1
)
 

($29
)
 

($30
)
 

$684

 

$—

 

($237
)
 

($193
)
 

$—

 

($91
)
 

$4,513

 

($2
)
Other agency
 
270

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(2
)
 
—

 
(228
)
 
40

 
—

Non-agency RMBS
 
2,226

 
383

 
(65
)
 
318

 
—

 
—

 
(660
)
 
(70
)
 
—

 
—

 
1,814

 
10

Non-agency CMBS
 
1,624

 
(2
)
 
(39
)
 
(41
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(5
)
 
—

 
—

 
1,578

 
(2
)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
309

 
—

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(65
)
 
—

 
—

 
243

 
—

Total available-for-sale mortgage-related securities
 
8,809


380


(134
)
 
246

 
684

 
—

 
(897
)

(335
)

—


(319
)

8,188


6

Trading, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
Mortgage-related securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
Freddie Mac
 
2,428

 
(128
)
 
—

 
(128
)
 
623

 
—

 
(693
)
 
(13
)
 
—

 
(108
)
 
2,109

 
(128
)
Other agency
 
17

 
(1
)
 
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
17

 
(1
)
All other
 
1,284

 
(12
)
 
—

 
(12
)
 
—

 
—

 
(182
)
 
(18
)
 
—

 
—

 
1,072

 
(8
)
Total trading mortgage-related securities
 
3,729


(141
)

—


(141
)

623


—


(875
)

(30
)

—


(108
)

3,198


(137
)
Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guarantee asset
 
3,363

 
(28
)
 
—

 
(28
)
 
—

 
255

 
—

 
(147
)
 
—

 
—

 
3,443

 
(28
)
All other, at fair value
 
103

 
1

 
—

 
1

 
(3
)
 
(11
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
90

 
(4
)
Total other assets
 

$3,466



($27
)


$—



($27
)


($3
)


$244



$—



($147
)


$—



$—



$3,533



($32
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance,
July 1,
2018
 
Realized and unrealized (gains) losses

Purchases

Issues

Sales

Settlements,
net

Transfers
into
Level 3(1)

Transfers
out of
Level 3(1)

Balance,
September 30,
2018

Unrealized
(gains) losses
still held(3)
 
 
 
Included in
earnings
 
Included in
other
comprehensive
income

Total








 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties, at fair value
 

$629

 

($1
)
 

$—

 

($1
)
 

$—

 

$100

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$728

 

($1
)
Other debt, at fair value
 
135

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
134

 
—

Net derivatives(2)
 
42

 
8

 
—

 
8

 
—

 
41

 
—

 
(4
)
 
—

 
—

 
87

 
3

Other liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All other, at fair value
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Referenced footnotes are included after the prior period tables.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
140
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 15


 
YTD 2018
 
Balance,
January 1,
2018
 
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)
 
Purchases
 
Issues
 
Sales
 
Settlements,
net
 
Transfers
into
Level 3(1)
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3(1)
 
Balance,
September 30,
2018
 
Unrealized
gains (losses)
still held(3)
(In millions)
 
Included in
earnings
 
Included in
other
comprehensive
income
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments in securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-related securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Freddie Mac

$5,055

 

($7
)
 

($169
)
 

($176
)
 

$684

 

$—

 

($293
)
 

($757
)
 

$—

 

$—

 

$4,513

 

($7
)
Other agency
46

 
—

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(5
)
 
—

 
—

 
40

 
—

Non-agency RMBS
3,933

 
876

 
(534
)
 
342

 
—

 
—

 
(2,160
)
 
(301
)
 
—

 
—

 
1,814

 
31

Non-agency CMBS
1,697

 
(6
)
 
(98
)
 
(104
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(15
)
 
—

 
—

 
1,578

 
(6
)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
357

 
—

 
(4
)
 
(4
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(110
)
 
—

 
—

 
243

 
—

Total available-for-sale mortgage-related securities
11,088

 
863


(806
)
 
57

 
684


—


(2,453
)

(1,188
)

—


—

 
8,188

 
18

Trading, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-related securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
Freddie Mac
842

 
(304
)
 
—

 
(304
)
 
1,027

 
—

 
—

 
(3
)
 
579

 
(32
)
 
2,109

 
(299
)
Other agency
9

 
(2
)
 
—

 
(2
)
 
30

 
—

 
(21
)
 
1

 
—

 
—

 
17

 
(2
)
All other
2,066

 
(79
)
 
—

 
(79
)
 
—

 
—

 
(863
)
 
(52
)
 
—

 
—

 
1,072

 
(63
)
Total trading mortgage-related securities
2,917

 
(385
)
 
—

 
(385
)
 
1,057


—


(884
)

(54
)

579


(32
)
 
3,198

 
(364
)
Other assets:
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 


 


 
 
Guarantee asset
3,171

 
(48
)
 
—

 
(48
)
 
—

 
745

 
—

 
(425
)
 
—

 
—

 
3,443

 
(48
)
All other, at fair value
45

 
31

 
—

 
31

 
38

 
(24
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
90

 
11

Total other assets

$3,216

 

($17
)
 

$—

 

($17
)
 

$38

 

$721

 

$—

 

($425
)
 

$—

 

$—

 

$3,533

 

($37
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance,
January 1,
2018
 
Realized and unrealized (gains) losses
 
Purchases
 
Issues
 
Sales
 
Settlements,
net
 
Transfers
into
Level 3(1)
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3(1)
 
Balance,
September 30,
2018
 
Unrealized
(gains) losses
still held(3)
 
 
Included in
earnings
 
Included in
other
comprehensive
income
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties, at fair value

$630

 

($2
)
 

$—

 

($2
)
 

$—

 

$100

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$728

 

($2
)
Other debt, at fair value
137

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3
)
 
—

 
—

 
134

 
—

Net derivatives(2)
57

 
28

 
—

 
28

 
—

 
15

 
—

 
(13
)
 
—

 
—

 
87

 
15

Other liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All other, at fair value
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Referenced footnotes are included after the prior period tables.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
141
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 15


 
 
3Q 2017
 
 
Balance,
July 1,
2017
 
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)
 
Purchases
 
Issues
 
Sales
 
Settlements,
net
 
Transfers
into
Level 3(1)
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3(1)
 
Balance,
September 30,
2017
 
Unrealized
gains (losses)
still held(3)
(In millions)
 
 
Included in
earnings
 
Included in other
comprehensive
income
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments in securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-related securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Freddie Mac
 

$5,686

 

($4
)
 

$82

 

$78

 

$141

 

$—

 

$—

 

($325
)
 

$—

 

$—

 

$5,580

 

($4
)
Other agency
 
51

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3
)
 
—

 
—

 
48

 
—

Non-agency RMBS
 
8,639

 
854

 
(128
)
 
726

 
—

 
—

 
(3,953
)
 
(277
)
 
—

 
—

 
5,135

 
38

Non-agency CMBS
 
3,470

 
1

 
5

 
6

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(7
)
 
—

 
—

 
3,469

 
1

Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
481

 
—

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(78
)
 
—

 
—

 
402

 
—

Total available-for-sale mortgage-related securities
 
18,327

 
851

 
(42
)
 
809

 
141

 
—

 
(3,953
)
 
(690
)
 
—

 
—

 
14,634

 
35

Trading, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-related securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Freddie Mac
 
888

 
(45
)
 
—

 
(45
)
 
587

 
—

 
—

 
(4
)
 
—

 
(396
)
 
1,030

 
(43
)
Other agency
 
10

 
(1
)
 
—

 
(1
)
 
259

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
268

 
(1
)
All other
 
108

 
(2
)
 
—

 
(2
)
 
176

 
—

 
—

 
(11
)
 
—

 
—

 
271

 
(2
)
Total trading mortgage-related securities
 
1,006

 
(48
)
 
—

 
(48
)
 
1,022

 
—

 
—

 
(15
)
 
—

 
(396
)
 
1,569

 
(46
)
Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guarantee asset
 
2,480

 
(1
)
 
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
265

 
—

 
(123
)
 
—

 
—

 
2,621

 
(1
)
All other, at fair value
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total other assets
 

$2,480

 

($1
)
 

$—

 

($1
)
 

$—

 

$265

 

$—

 

($123
)
 

$—

 

$—

 

$2,621

 

($1
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance,
July 1,
2017
 
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)
 
Purchases
 
Issues
 
Sales
 
Settlements,
net
 
Transfers
into
Level 3(1)
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3(1)
 
Balance,
September 30,
2017
 
Unrealized
gains (losses)
still held(3)
 
 
 
Included in
earnings
 
Included in other
comprehensive
income
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties, at fair value
 

$531

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$531

 

$—

Other debt, at fair value
 
89

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
89

 
—

Net derivatives(2)
 
68

 
2

 
—

 
2

 
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
(2
)
 
—

 
—

 
67

 
(2
)
Other Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All other, at fair value
 
17

 
(12
)
 
—

 
(12
)
 
5

 
—

 
13

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
23

 
(12
)
Referenced footnotes are included after the following table.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
142
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 15


 
 
YTD 2017
 
 
Balance,
January 1,
2017
 
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)
 
Purchases
 
Issues
 
Sales
 
Settlements,
net
 
Transfers
into
Level 3(1)
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3(1)
 
Balance,
September 30,
2017
 
Unrealized
gains (losses)
still held(3)
(In millions)
 
 
Included in
earnings
 
Included in other
comprehensive
income
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments in securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-related securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Freddie Mac
 

$9,847

 

($6
)
 

$117

 

$111

 

$635

 

$—

 

($907
)
 

($1,027
)
 

$17

 

($3,096
)
 

$5,580

 

($15
)
Other agency
 
66

 
—

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(9
)
 
—

 
(8
)
 
48

 
—

Non-agency RMBS
 
11,797

 
1,285

 
(68
)
 
1,217

 
—

 
—

 
(6,649
)
 
(1,230
)
 
—

 
—

 
5,135

 
111

Non-agency CMBS
 
3,366

 
4

 
128

 
132

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(29
)
 
—

 
—

 
3,469

 
4

Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
665

 
1

 
(2
)
 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(262
)
 
—

 
—

 
402

 
—

Total available-for-sale mortgage-related securities
 
25,741

 
1,284

 
174

 
1,458

 
635

 
—

 
(7,556
)
 
(2,557
)
 
17

 
(3,104
)
 
14,634

 
100

Trading, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-related securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Freddie Mac
 
1,095

 
(121
)
 
—

 
(121
)
 
889

 
—

 
(592
)
 
(9
)
 
14

 
(246
)
 
1,030

 
(92
)
Other agency
 
12

 
(3
)
 
—

 
(3
)
 
259

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
268

 
(3
)
All other
 
113

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
176

 
—

 
—

 
(18
)
 
—

 
—

 
271

 
—

Total trading mortgage-related securities
 
1,220

 
(124
)
 
—

 
(124
)
 
1,324

 
—

 
(592
)
 
(27
)
 
14

 
(246
)
 
1,569

 
(95
)
Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guarantee asset
 
2,299

 
(2
)
 
—

 
(2
)
 
—

 
677

 
—

 
(353
)
 
—

 
—

 
2,621

 
(2
)
All other, at fair value
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total other assets
 

$2,299

 

($2
)
 

$—

 

($2
)
 

$—

 

$677

 

$—

 

($353
)
 

$—

 

$—

 

$2,621

 

($2
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance,
January 1,
2017
 
Realized and unrealized gains (losses)
 
Purchases
 
Issues
 
Sales
 
Settlements,
net
 
Transfers
into
Level 3(1)
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3(1)
 
Balance,
September 30,
2017
 
Unrealized
gains (losses)
still held(3)
 
 
 
Included in
earnings
 
Included in other
comprehensive
income
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties, at fair value
 

$—

 

$1

 

$—

 

$1

 

$—

 

$530

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—


$—


$—

 

$531

 

$1

Other debt, at fair value
 
95

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(6
)
 
—

 
—

 
89

 
—

Net derivatives(2)
 
50

 
36

 
—

 
36

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(19
)
 
—

 
—

 
67

 
19

Other Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All other, at fair value
 
(2
)
 
(5
)
 
—

 
(5
)
 
17

 
—

 
13

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
23

 
(5
)
(1)
Transfers out of Level 3 during 3Q 2018 and YTD 2018 and 3Q 2017 and YTD 2017 consisted primarily of certain mortgage-related securities due to an increased volume and level of activity in the market and availability of price quotes from dealers and third-party pricing services. Certain Freddie Mac securities are classified as Level 3 at issuance and generally are classified as Level 2 when they begin trading. Transfers into Level 3 during 3Q 2018 and YTD 2018 consisted primarily of certain mortgage-related securities due to a decrease in market activity and the availability of relevant price quotes from dealers and third-party pricing services.
(2)
Amounts are the net of derivative assets and liabilities prior to counterparty netting, cash collateral netting, net trade/settle receivable or payable and net derivative interest receivable or payable.
(3)
Represents the amount of total gains or losses for the period, included in earnings, attributable to the change in unrealized gains and losses related to assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 that were still held at September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. Included in these amounts are other-than temporary impairments recorded on available-for-sale securities.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
143
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 15


The tables below provide valuation techniques, the range and the weighted average of significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 assets and liabilities measured on our condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value on a recurring basis.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
Level 3
Fair
Value
 
Predominant
Valuation
Technique(s)
 
Unobservable Inputs
(In millions, except for certain unobservable inputs as shown)
 
Type
Range
Weighted
Average
Recurring fair value measurements
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments in securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale, at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-related securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Freddie Mac
 

$4,354

 
Discounted cash flows
 
OAS
(2) - 325 bps
 67 bps

 
 
159

 
Other
 
 
 


Total Freddie Mac
 
4,513

 
 
 
 
 
 
Other agency
 
40

 
Other
 
 
 
 
Non-agency RMBS
 
1,762

 
Median of external sources
 
External pricing sources
 $67.5 - $73.7

$70.2

 
 
52

 
Other
 
 
 
 
Total non-agency RMBS
 
1,814

 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-agency CMBS
 
1,578

 
Single external source
 
External pricing sources
 $101.1 - $102.7

$102.0

Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
240

 
Single external source
 
External pricing sources
 $94.2 - $108.4

$100.5

 
 
3

 
Other
 
 
 
 
Total obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
243

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total available-for-sale mortgage-related securities
 
8,188

 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading, at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-related securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Freddie Mac
 
922

 
Discounted cash flows
 
OAS
(21,945) - 6,641 bps
(89) bps

 
 
871

 
Single external source
 
External pricing sources
$0.0 - $97.2

$32.8

 
 
316

 
Other
 
 
 
 
Total Freddie Mac
 
2,109

 
 
 
 
 
 
Other agency
 
17

 
Other
 
 
 
 
All other
 
1,071

 
Single external source
 
External pricing sources
$6.1 - $105.9

$83.4

 
 
1

 
Other
 
 
 
 
Total all other
 
1,072

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total trading mortgage-related securities
 
3,198

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total investments in securities
 

$11,386

 
 
 
 
 
 
Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guarantee asset, at fair value
 

$3,206

 
 Discounted cash flows
 
 OAS
15 - 198 bps
41 bps

 
 
237

 
Other
 
 
 
 
Total Guarantee asset, at fair value
 
3,443

 
 
 
 
 
 
All other at fair value
 
90

 
Other
 
 
 
 
Total other assets
 
3,533

 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties, at fair value
 
728

 
 Single external source
 
 External Pricing Sources
$96.5 - $100.5

$100.0

Other debt, at fair value
 
134

 
Single External Source
 
External Pricing Sources
$99.9 - $100.0

$100.0

Net derivatives
 
87

 
Other
 
 
 
 

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
144
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 15



 
December 31, 2017
 
 
Level 3
Fair
Value

Predominant
Valuation
Technique(s)

Unobservable Inputs
(In millions, except for certain unobservable inputs as shown)
 
Type
Range
Weighted
Average
Recurring fair value measurements
 







Assets
 







Investments in securities:
 







Available-for-sale, at fair value
 







Mortgage-related securities
 







Freddie Mac
 

$4,873

 
Discounted cash flows
 
OAS
27 - 501 bps
68 bps


 
182


Other





Total Freddie Mac
 
5,055








Other agency
 
46


Other





Non-agency RMBS
 
3,665


Median of external sources

External pricing sources
$75.6 - $80.8

$77.7


 
268


Other





Total non-agency RMBS
 
3,933








Non-agency CMBS
 
1,696


Single external source

External pricing sources
$108.4 - $108.9

$108.7


 
1


Other





Total non-agency CMBS
 
1,697








Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
334


Median of external sources

External pricing sources
$101.2 - $101.6

$101.4


 
23


Other





Total obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
357








Total available-for-sale mortgage-related securities
 
11,088








Trading, at fair value
 
 







Mortgage-related securities
 









Freddie Mac
 
582


Discounted cash flows

OAS
(8,905) - 27,202 bps
(88) bps

 
 
243

 
Risk metrics
 
Effective duration
0.00 - 55.93 years
11.76 years


 
17


Other





Total Freddie Mac
 
842








Other agency
 
9


Other





All other
 
2,065


Single external source

External pricing sources
$6.4 - $113.2

$98.0

 
 
1

 
Other
 
 
 
 
Total all other
 
2,066

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total trading mortgage-related securities
 
2,917








Total investments in securities
 

$14,005








Other assets:
 









Guarantee asset, at fair value
 

$3,171


 Discounted cash flows

OAS
17 - 198 bps
45 bps

All other at fair value
 
45

 
Other
 
 
 
 
Total other assets
 
3,216

 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 







Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties, at fair value
 
630

 
Single external source
 
External Pricing Sources
$99.2 - $100.2

$100.1

Other debt, at fair value
 
137

 
Other
 
 
 
 
Net derivatives
 
57


Other








Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
145
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 15


Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis
We may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis after our initial recognition. These adjustments usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-fair-value accounting or measurement of impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral.
The table below presents assets measured on our condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value on a non-recurring basis.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
(In millions)
 
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
 
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage loans(1)
 

$—


$42


$9,843


$9,885

 

$—


$494


$6,199


$6,693

(1)
Includes loans that are classified as held-for-investment and have been measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral and held-for-sale loans where the fair value is below cost.

The tables below provide valuation techniques, the range and the weighted average of significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 assets and liabilities measured on our condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Certain of the fair values in the tables below were not obtained as of the period end, but were obtained during the period.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
Level 3
Fair
Value
 
Predominant
Valuation
Technique(s)
 
Unobservable Inputs
(In millions, except for certain unobservable inputs as shown)
 
Type
Range
Weighted
Average
Non-recurring fair value measurements
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage loans
 

$9,843

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Internal model
 
Historical sales proceeds
$3,000 - $858,000
$179,740
 
 
 
 
Internal model
 
Housing sales index
43 - 365 bps
106 bps
 
 
 
 
Median of external sources
 
External pricing sources
$35.8 - $94.6
$82.5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
Level 3
Fair
Value
 
Predominant
Valuation
Technique(s)
 
Unobservable Inputs
(In millions, except for certain unobservable inputs as shown)
 
Type
Range
Weighted
Average
Non-recurring fair value measurements
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage loans
 

$6,199

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Internal model
 
Historical sales proceeds
$3,000 - $899,000
$176,558
 
 
 
 
Internal model
 
Housing sales index
43 - 394 bps
102 bps
 
 
 
 
Median of external sources
 
External pricing sources
$36.5 - $94.9
$80.9

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
146
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 15


Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The tables below present the carrying value and estimated fair value of our financial instruments. For certain types of financial instruments, such as cash and cash equivalents, securities purchased under agreements to resell, advances to lenders and other secured lending, certain debt and other liabilities, the carrying value on our GAAP balance sheets approximates fair value, as these assets and liabilities are short-term in nature and have limited market value volatility.
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
GAAP Measurement Category(1)
GAAP Carrying  Amount
 
Fair Value
(In millions)
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Netting 
Adjustments(2)
 
Total
Financial Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents(3)
 
Amortized cost

$7,038

 

$7,038

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$7,038

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
 
Amortized cost
48,540

 
—

 
48,540

 
—

 
—

 
48,540

Investments in securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale, at fair value
 
FV - OCI
34,729

 
—

 
26,541

 
8,188

 
—

 
34,729

Trading, at fair value
 
FV - NI
41,201

 
22,691

 
15,312

 
3,198

 
—

 
41,201

Total investments in securities
 
 
75,930

 
22,691

 
41,853

 
11,386

 
—

 
75,930

Mortgage loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held by consolidated trusts
 
 
1,814,776

 
—

 
1,637,198

 
128,798

 
—

 
1,765,996

Loans held by Freddie Mac
 
 
87,652

 
—

 
31,627

 
58,260

 
—

 
89,887

Total mortgage loans
 
Various(4)
1,902,428

 
—

 
1,668,825

 
187,058

 
—

 
1,855,883

Derivative assets, net
 
FV - NI
469

 
—

 
6,547

 
21

 
(6,099
)
 
469

Guarantee asset
 
FV - NI
3,443

 
—

 
—

 
3,454

 
—

 
3,454

Non-derivative purchase commitments, at fair value
 
FV - NI
174

 
—

 
174

 
17

 
—

 
191

Advances to lenders and other secured lending
 
Amortized cost
1,808

 
—

 
425

 
1,137

 
—

 
1,562

Total financial assets
 
 

$2,039,830

 

$29,729

 

$1,766,364

 

$203,073

 

($6,099
)
 

$1,993,067

Financial Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt, net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties
 
 

$1,765,045

 

$—

 

$1,708,191

 

$2,219

 

$—

 

$1,710,410

Other debt
 
 
276,945

 
—

 
275,968

 
3,655

 
—

 
279,623

Total debt, net
 
Various(5)
2,041,990

 
—

 
1,984,159

 
5,874

 
—

 
1,990,033

Derivative liabilities, net
 
FV - NI
295

 
—

 
4,299

 
108

 
(4,112
)
 
295

Guarantee obligation
 
Amortized cost
3,347

 
—

 
—

 
3,271

 
—

 
3,271

Non-derivative purchase commitments, at fair value
 
FV - NI
34

 
—

 
34

 
40

 
—

 
74

Other liabilities
 
Amortized cost
34

 
—

 
—

 
34

 
—

 
34

Total financial liabilities
 
 

$2,045,700

 

$—

 

$1,988,492

 

$9,327

 

($4,112
)
 

$1,993,707

(1)
FV - NI denotes fair value through net income. FV - OCI denotes fair value through other comprehensive income.
(2)
Represents counterparty netting, cash collateral netting and net derivative interest receivable or payable.
(3)
The current and prior period presentation has been modified to include restricted cash and cash equivalents due to recently adopted accounting guidance.
(4)
As of September 30, 2018, the GAAP carrying amounts measured at amortized cost, lower-of-cost-or-fair-value and FV - NII were $1.9 trillion, $18.7 billion and $18.2 billion, respectively.
(5)
As of September 30, 2018, the GAAP carrying amounts measured at amortized cost and FV - NII were $2.0 trillion and $5.3 billion, respectively.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
147
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 15


 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
GAAP Measurement Category(1)
GAAP Carrying  Amount
 
Fair Value
(In millions)
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Netting Adjustments(2)
 
Total
Financial Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents(3)
 
Amortized cost

$9,811

 

$9,811

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$9,811

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
 
Amortized cost
55,903

 
—

 
55,903

 
—

 
—

 
55,903

Investments in securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Available-for-sale, at fair value
 
FV - OCI
43,597

 
—

 
32,509

 
11,088

 
—

 
43,597

Trading, at fair value
 
FV - NI
40,721

 
20,159

 
17,645

 
2,917

 
—

 
40,721

Total investments in securities
 
 
84,318

 
20,159


50,154


14,005


—

 
84,318

Mortgage loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Loans held by consolidated trusts
 
 
1,774,286

 
—

 
1,635,137

 
145,911

 
—

 
1,781,048

Loans held by Freddie Mac
 
 
96,931

 
—

 
32,169

 
67,932

 
—

 
100,101

Total mortgage loans
 
Various(4)
1,871,217

 
—


1,667,306


213,843


—

 
1,881,149

Derivative assets, net
 
FV - NI
375

 
—

 
8,830

 
8

 
(8,463
)
 
375

Guarantee asset
 
FV - NI
3,171

 
—

 
—

 
3,359

 
—

 
3,359

Non-derivative purchase commitments, at fair value
 
FV - NI
137

 
—

 
137

 
55

 
—

 
192

Advances to lenders and other secured lending
 
Amortized cost
1,269

 
—

 
473

 
796

 
—

 
1,269

Total financial assets
 
 

$2,026,201

 

$29,970



$1,782,803



$232,066



($8,463
)
 

$2,036,376

Financial Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Debt, net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties
 
 

$1,720,996

 

$—

 

$1,721,091

 

$2,679

 

$—

 

$1,723,770

Other debt
 
 
313,634

 
—

 
313,688

 
3,892

 
—

 
317,580

Total debt, net
 
Various(5)
2,034,630

 
—


2,034,779


6,571


—

 
2,041,350

Derivative liabilities, net
 
FV - NI
269

 
—

 
7,424

 
65

 
(7,220
)
 
269

Guarantee obligation
 
Amortized cost
3,081

 
—

 
—

 
3,742

 
—

 
3,742

Non-derivative purchase commitments, at fair value
 
FV - NI
4

 
—

 
4

 
15

 
—

 
19

Total financial liabilities
 
 

$2,037,984

 

$—



$2,042,207



$10,393



($7,220
)
 

$2,045,380

(1)
FV - NI denotes fair value through net income. FV - OCI denotes fair value through other comprehensive income.
(2)
Represents counterparty netting, cash collateral netting and net derivative interest receivable or payable.
(3)
The current and prior period presentation has been modified to include restricted cash and cash equivalents due to recently adopted accounting guidance.
(4)
As of December 31, 2017, the GAAP carrying amounts measured at amortized cost, lower-of-cost-or-fair-value and FV - NII were $1.8 trillion, $14.7 billion and $20.1 billion, respectively.
(5)
As of December 31, 2017, the GAAP carrying amounts measured at amortized cost and FV - NII were $2.0 trillion and $5.8 billion, respectively.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
148
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 15


HARP Loans
The fair value of mortgage loans includes loans refinanced under HARP of $19.3 billion and $30.2 billion as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The fair value of HARP loans reflects the total compensation that we receive for the delivery of a HARP loan, based on the pricing that we are willing to offer because HARP is a part of a broader government program intended to provide assistance to homeowners and prevent foreclosures. When HARP ends on December 31, 2018, the beneficial pricing afforded to HARP loans may no longer be reflected in the pricing structure of our guarantee fees. If these benefits were not reflected in the pricing for these loans, the fair value of our loans would have decreased by $1.4 billion and $2.1 billion as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
Fair Value Option
We elected the fair value option for certain multifamily held-for-sale loans, multifamily held-for-sale loan purchase commitments and certain long-term debt.
The table below presents the fair value and UPB related to certain loans and long-term debt for which we have elected the fair value option.
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
(In millions)
 
Multifamily
Held-For-Sale
 Loans
Other Debt -
Long Term
Debt Securities Of Consolidated Trusts Held By Third Parties(1)
 
Multifamily
Held-For-Sale
 Loans
Other Debt -
Long Term
Debt Securities Of Consolidated Trusts Held By Third Parties(1)
Fair value
 

$18,222


$4,594


$728

 

$20,054


$5,160


$630

Unpaid principal balance
 
18,152

4,136

730

 
19,762

4,666

630

Difference
 

$70


$458


($2
)
 

$292


$494


$—

(1)
Does not include interest-only securities with fair value of $7 million and $9 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
Changes in Fair Value Under the Fair Value Option Election
The table below presents the changes in fair value included in other income (loss) in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income, related to items for which we have elected the fair value option.
 
 
3Q 2018
3Q 2017
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
(In millions)
 
Gains (Losses)
 
Gains (Losses)
Multifamily held-for-sale loans
 

($285
)

($91
)
 

($797
)

($83
)
Multifamily held-for-sale loan purchase commitments
 
267

271

 
564

826

Other debt - long term
 
10

58

 
38

(144
)
Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties
 
2

5

 
4

16

Changes in fair value attributable to instrument-specific credit risk were not material for 3Q 2018 and YTD 2018 and for 3Q 2017 and YTD 2017 for any assets or liabilities for which we elected the fair value option.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
149
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 16


NOTE 16
Legal Contingencies
We are involved as a party in a variety of legal and regulatory proceedings arising from time to time in the ordinary course of business including, among other things, contractual disputes, personal injury claims, employment-related litigation and other legal proceedings incidental to our business. We are frequently involved, directly or indirectly, in litigation involving mortgage foreclosures. From time to time, we are also involved in proceedings arising from our termination of a seller's or servicer’s eligibility to sell loans to, and/or service loans for, us. In these cases, the former seller or servicer sometimes seeks damages against us for wrongful termination under a variety of legal theories. In addition, we are sometimes sued in connection with the origination or servicing of loans. These suits typically involve claims alleging wrongful actions of sellers and servicers. Our contracts with our sellers and servicers generally provide for indemnification of Freddie Mac against liability arising from sellers' and servicers' wrongful actions with respect to loans sold to or serviced for Freddie Mac.
Litigation and claims resolution are subject to many uncertainties and are not susceptible to accurate prediction. In accordance with the accounting guidance for contingencies, we reserve for litigation claims and assessments asserted or threatened against us when a loss is probable (as defined in such guidance) and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.
Putative Securities Class Action Lawsuit: Ohio Public Employees Retirement System vs. Freddie Mac, Syron, Et Al.
This putative securities class action lawsuit was filed against Freddie Mac and certain former officers on January 18, 2008 in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio purportedly on behalf of a class of purchasers of Freddie Mac stock from August 1, 2006 through November 20, 2007. FHFA later intervened as Conservator, and the plaintiff amended its complaint on several occasions. The plaintiff alleged, among other things, that the defendants violated federal securities laws by making false and misleading statements concerning our business, risk management, and the procedures we put into place to protect the company from problems in the mortgage industry. The plaintiff seeks unspecified damages and interest, and reasonable costs and expenses, including attorney and expert fees.
In October 2013, defendants filed motions to dismiss the complaint. In October 2014, the District Court granted defendants’ motions and dismissed the case in its entirety against all defendants, with prejudice. In November 2014, plaintiff filed a notice of appeal in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. On July 20, 2016, the Court of Appeals reversed the District Court's dismissal and remanded the case to the District Court for further proceedings. On August 14, 2018, the District Court denied the plaintiff's motion for class certification. Plaintiff has requested interlocutory appeal of that decision.
At present, it is not possible for us to predict the probable outcome of this lawsuit or any potential effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, or results of operations. In addition, we are unable to reasonably estimate the possible loss or range of possible loss in the event of an adverse judgment in the foregoing matter due to the following factors, among others: the inherent uncertainty of pre-trial litigation; there has yet to be a final resolution of plaintiff's motion for class certification; and the District Court has not yet ruled upon motions for summary judgment. In particular, absent a final resolution of

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
150
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 16


whether a class will be certified, the identification of a class if one is certified, and the identification of the alleged statement or statements that survive dispositive motions, we cannot reasonably estimate any possible loss or range of possible loss.
LIBOR Lawsuit
On March 14, 2013, Freddie Mac filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia against the British Bankers Association and the 16 U.S. Dollar LIBOR panel banks and a number of their affiliates. The case was subsequently transferred to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. The complaint alleges, among other things, that the defendants fraudulently and collusively depressed LIBOR, a benchmark interest rate indexed to trillions of dollars of financial products, and asserts claims for antitrust violations, breach of contract, tortious interference with contract and fraud. Freddie Mac filed an amended complaint in July 2013, and a second amended complaint in October 2014. In August 2015, the District Court dismissed the portion of our claim related to antitrust violations and fraud and we filed a motion for reconsideration. On March 31, 2016, the District Court granted a portion of our motion, finding personal jurisdiction over certain defendants, and denied the portion of our motion with respect to statutes of limitation for our fraud claims. Subsequently, in a related case, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit reversed the District Court’s dismissal of certain plaintiffs’ antitrust claims and remanded the case to the District Court for consideration of whether, among other things, the plaintiffs are "efficient enforcers" of the antitrust laws.
On December 20, 2016, after briefing and argument on the defendants' renewed motions to dismiss on personal jurisdiction and efficient enforcer grounds, the District Court denied defendants' motions in part and granted them in part. The District Court held that Freddie Mac is an efficient enforcer of the antitrust laws, but dismissed on personal jurisdiction grounds Freddie Mac's antitrust claims against all defendants except HSBC USA, N.A. Then, in an order issued February 2, 2017, the District Court effectively dismissed Freddie Mac's remaining antitrust claim against HSBC USA, N.A. At present, Freddie Mac's breach of contract actions against Bank of America, N.A., Barclays Bank, Citibank, N.A., Credit Suisse, Deutsche Bank, Royal Bank of Scotland and UBS AG are its only claims remaining in the District Court.
On February 23, 2018, the Second Circuit reversed the District Court’s dismissal of certain plaintiffs’ state law fraud and unjust enrichment claims on statutes of limitations grounds. While Freddie Mac was not a party to the appeal, this decision could have the effect of reinstating Freddie Mac’s fraud claims against the above-named defendants. The Second Circuit also reversed certain aspects of the District Court’s personal jurisdiction rulings and remanded with instructions to allow the named appellant to amend its complaint. On June 15, 2018, Freddie Mac filed a motion for leave to file an amended complaint, along with a proposed amended complaint.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
151
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 16


Litigation Concerning the Purchase Agreement
Since July 2013, a number of lawsuits have been filed against us concerning the August 2012 amendment to the Purchase Agreement, which created the net worth sweep dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock. The plaintiffs in the lawsuits allege that they are holders of common stock and/or junior preferred stock issued by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. (For purposes of this discussion, junior preferred stock refers to the various series of preferred stock of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae other than the senior preferred stock issued to Treasury.) It is possible that similar lawsuits will be filed in the future. The lawsuits against us are described below.
Litigation in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia
In re Fannie Mae/Freddie Mac Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement Class Action Litigations. This case is the result of the consolidation of three putative class action lawsuits: Cacciapelle and Bareiss vs. Federal National Mortgage Association, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and FHFA, filed on July 29, 2013; American European Insurance Company vs. Federal National Mortgage Association, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and FHFA, filed on July 30, 2013; and Marneu Holdings, Co. vs. FHFA, Treasury, Federal National Mortgage Association and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, filed on September 18, 2013. (The Marneu case was also filed as a shareholder derivative lawsuit.) A consolidated amended complaint was filed in December 2013. In the consolidated amended complaint, plaintiffs allege, among other items, that the August 2012 amendment to the Purchase Agreement breached Freddie Mac's and Fannie Mae's respective contracts with the holders of junior preferred stock and common stock and the covenant of good faith and fair dealing inherent in such contracts. Plaintiffs sought unspecified damages, equitable and injunctive relief, and costs and expenses, including attorney and expert fees.
The Cacciapelle and American European Insurance Company lawsuits were filed purportedly on behalf of a class of purchasers of junior preferred stock issued by Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae who held stock prior to, and as of, August 17, 2012. The Marneu lawsuit was filed purportedly on behalf of a class of purchasers of junior preferred stock and purchasers of common stock issued by Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae over a not-yet-defined period of time.
Arrowood Indemnity Company vs. Federal National Mortgage Association, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, FHFA and Treasury. This case was filed on September 20, 2013. The allegations and demands made by plaintiffs in this case were generally similar to those made by the plaintiffs in the In re Fannie Mae/Freddie Mac Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement Class Action Litigations case described above. Plaintiffs in the Arrowood lawsuit also requested that, if injunctive relief were not granted, the Arrowood plaintiffs be awarded damages against the defendants in an amount to be determined including, but not limited to, the aggregate par value of their junior preferred stock, the total of which they stated to be approximately $42 million.
American European Insurance Company, Cacciapelle and Miller vs. Treasury and FHFA. This case was filed as a shareholder derivative lawsuit, purportedly on behalf of Freddie Mac as a "nominal" defendant, on July 30, 2014. The complaint alleged that, through the August 2012 amendment to the Purchase Agreement, Treasury and FHFA breached their respective fiduciary duties to Freddie Mac, causing Freddie Mac to suffer damages. The plaintiffs asked that Freddie Mac be awarded compensatory damages and disgorgement, as well as attorneys’ fees, costs and other expenses.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
152
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 16


FHFA, joined by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, moved to dismiss the In re Fannie Mae/Freddie Mac Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement Class Action Litigations case and the other related cases in January 2014. Treasury filed a motion to dismiss the same day. In September 2014, the District Court granted the motions and dismissed the plaintiffs’ claims. All plaintiffs appealed that decision, and on February 21, 2017, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit affirmed in part and remanded in part the decision granting the motions to dismiss. The Court of Appeals affirmed dismissal of all claims except certain claims seeking monetary damages for breach of contract and breach of implied duty of good faith and fair dealing. In March 2017, certain institutional and class plaintiffs filed petitions for panel rehearing with respect to certain claims. On July 17, 2017, the Court of Appeals granted the petitions for rehearing and issued a modified decision, which permitted the institutional plaintiffs to pursue the breach of contract and breach of implied duty of good faith and fair dealing claims that had been remanded. The Court of Appeals also removed language related to the standard to be applied to the implied duty claims, leaving that issue for the District Court to determine on remand. On October 16, 2017, certain institutional and class plaintiffs filed petitions for a writ of certiorari in the U.S. Supreme Court challenging whether HERA's prohibition on injunctive relief against FHFA bars judicial review of the net worth sweep dividend provisions of the August 2012 amendment to the Purchase Agreement, as well as whether HERA bars shareholders from pursuing derivative litigation where they allege the conservator faces a conflict of interest. The Supreme Court denied the petitions on February 20, 2018. On November 1, 2017, certain institutional and class plaintiffs and plaintiffs in another case in which Freddie Mac was not originally a defendant, Fairholme Funds, Inc. v. FHFA, Treasury, and Federal National Mortgage Association, filed proposed amended complaints in the District Court. Each of the proposed amended complaints names Freddie Mac as a defendant for breach of contract and breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing claims as well as for new claims alleging breach of fiduciary duty and breach of Virginia corporate law. On January 10, 2018, FHFA, Freddie Mac, and Fannie Mae moved to dismiss the amended complaints. On August 16, 2018, plaintiffs in the In re Fannie Mae/Freddie Mac Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement Class Action Litigations case filed a motion for class certification in the District Court. On September 28, 2018, the District Court dismissed all of the claims except those alleging breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. On October 15, 2018, defendants filed a motion seeking reconsideration of the denial of the motion to dismiss as to the implied covenant claims.
Angel vs. The Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation et al. This case was filed pro se on May 21, 2018 against Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, certain current and former directors of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and FHFA as a nominal defendant. The complaint alleges, among other things, breach of contract, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and that defendants aided and abetted the government’s “avoidance” of plaintiff’s dividend rights. On July 12, 2018, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint.
Litigation in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims
Reid and Fisher vs. the United States of America and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. This case was filed as a derivative lawsuit, purportedly on behalf of Freddie Mac as a "nominal" defendant, on February 26, 2014. The complaint alleges, among other items, that the net worth sweep dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock constitute an unlawful taking of private property for public use without just compensation. The plaintiffs ask that Freddie Mac be awarded just compensation for the U.S. government’s alleged taking of its property, attorneys’ fees, costs and other

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
153
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 16


expenses. On March 8, 2018, the plaintiffs filed an amended complaint under seal. Defendants filed a motion to dismiss on August 1, 2018 and an amended motion to dismiss on October 1, 2018.
Rafter, Rattien and Pershing Square Capital Management vs. the United States of America et al. This case was filed as a shareholder derivative lawsuit, purportedly on behalf of Freddie Mac as a "nominal" defendant, on August 14, 2014. The complaint alleges that the net worth sweep dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock constitute an unlawful taking of private property for public use without just compensation, and the U.S. government breached an implied-in-fact contract with Freddie Mac. In September 2015, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint, which contains one claim involving Freddie Mac. The amended complaint alleges that Freddie Mac’s charter is a contract with its common stockholders, and that, through the August 2012 amendment to the Purchase Agreement, the U.S. government breached the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing inherent in such contract. Plaintiffs ask that they be awarded damages or other appropriate relief for the alleged breach of contract as well as attorneys’ fees, costs and expenses. Plaintiffs filed a further amended complaint under seal on March 8, 2018, and a redacted public version on April 20, 2018. The amended complaint no longer lists Freddie Mac as a nominal defendant.
Fairholme Funds, Inc., et al. vs. the United States of America, Federal National Mortgage Association, and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. This case was originally filed on July 9, 2013 against the United States of America. On March 8, 2018, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint under seal. A redacted public version was filed on May 11, 2018 and adds Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae as nominal defendants. The amended complaint alleges, among other items, that the net worth sweep dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock constitute an unlawful taking or exaction of private property for public use without just compensation, and that by enacting the net worth sweep, the government breached the fiduciary duty it owed to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and implied-in-fact contracts between the United States on the one hand and Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae on the other. The plaintiffs ask that plaintiffs, Freddie Mac, and Fannie Mae be awarded (1) just compensation for the government’s alleged taking or exaction of their property, (2) damages for the government’s breach of fiduciary duties, and (3) damages for the government’s breach of the alleged implied-in-fact contracts. In addition, plaintiffs seek pre- and post-judgment interest, attorneys’ fees, costs, and other expenses. Defendants filed a motion to dismiss on August 1, 2018 and an amended motion to dismiss on October 1, 2018.
Perry Capital LLC vs. the United States of America, Federal National Mortgage Association, and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. This case was filed as a derivative lawsuit, purportedly on behalf of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae as "nominal" defendants, on August 15, 2018. The complaint alleges, among other items, that the net worth sweep dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock constitute an unlawful taking of private property for public use without just compensation or an illegal exaction in violation of the Fifth Amendment, and that by enacting the net worth sweep, the government breached the fiduciary duty it owed to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and implied-in-fact contracts between the United States on the one hand and Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae on the other. The plaintiffs ask that plaintiffs, Freddie Mac, and Fannie Mae be awarded just compensation for the government’s alleged taking of their property or damages for the illegal exaction; damages for the government’s breach of fiduciary duties; and damages for the government’s breach of the alleged implied-in-fact contracts. The proceedings have been stayed pending a ruling on defendants' motion to dismiss in the Fairholme Funds, Inc. litigation.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
154
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 16


Litigation in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware
Jacobs and Hindes vs. FHFA and Treasury. This case was filed on August 17, 2015 as a putative class action lawsuit purportedly on behalf of a class of holders of preferred stock or common stock issued by Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae. The case was also filed as a shareholder derivative lawsuit, purportedly on behalf of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae as "nominal" defendants. The complaint alleges, among other items, that the August 2012 amendment to the Purchase Agreement violated applicable state law and constituted a breach of contract, as well as a breach of covenants of good faith and fair dealing. Plaintiffs seek equitable and injunctive relief (including restitution of the monies paid by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae to Treasury under the net worth sweep dividend), compensatory damages, attorneys’ fees, costs and expenses. On November 27, 2017, the Court dismissed the case with prejudice after defendants filed a motion to dismiss. On December 21, 2017, plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. On September 7, 2018, the Court of Appeals heard oral argument.
At present, it is not possible for us to predict the probable outcome of the lawsuits discussed above in the U.S. District Courts and the U.S. Court of Federal Claims (including the outcome of any appeal) or any potential effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, or results of operations. In addition, we are unable to reasonably estimate the possible loss or range of possible loss in the event of an adverse judgment in the foregoing matters due to a number of factors, including the inherent uncertainty of pre-trial litigation. In addition, with respect to the In re Fannie Mae/Freddie Mac Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement Class Action Litigations case, the plaintiffs have not demanded a stated amount of damages they believe are due, and the Court has not certified a class.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
155
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 17


NOTE 17
Regulatory Capital
In October 2008, FHFA announced that it was suspending capital classification of us during conservatorship in light of the Purchase Agreement. FHFA continues to monitor our capital levels, but the existing statutory and FHFA regulatory capital requirements are not binding during conservatorship.
We continue to provide quarterly submissions to FHFA on minimum capital. The table below summarizes our minimum capital requirements and deficits and net worth.
(In millions)
 
September 30, 2018
December 31, 2017
GAAP net worth (deficit)
 

$5,559


($312
)
Core capital (deficit)(1)(2)
 
(66,576
)
(73,037
)
Less: Minimum capital requirement(1)
 
18,061

18,431

Minimum capital surplus (deficit)(1)
 

($84,637
)

($91,468
)
(1)
Core capital and minimum capital figures are estimates and represent amounts submitted to FHFA. FHFA is the authoritative source for our regulatory capital.
(2)
Core capital excludes certain components of GAAP total equity (i.e., AOCI and the liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock) as these items do not meet the statutory definition of core capital.
During 2017, we and Fannie Mae worked with FHFA to develop an overall risk measurement framework for evaluating our risk management and business decisions during conservatorship, known as the CCF. We use both the CCF and our internal capital model, which are aligned, to measure risk for making economically effective decisions. We are required to submit quarterly reports to FHFA related to the CCF requirements.



Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
156
Financial Statements
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Note 18

NOTE 18
Selected Financial Statement Line Items
The table below presents the significant components of other income (loss) on our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
(In millions)
 
3Q 2018
3Q 2017
 
YTD 2018
YTD 2017
Other income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-agency mortgage-related securities settlements and judgments

 

$—


$4,525

 

$334


$4,525

Guarantee fee income
 
209

169

 
603

476

Gains (losses) on held-for-sale loan purchase commitments
 
267

271

 
564

826

All other
 
(82
)
438

 
25

685

Total other income (loss)
 

$394


$5,403

 

$1,526


$6,512

The table below presents the significant components of other assets and other liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(In millions)
 
September 30, 2018
December 31, 2017
Other assets:
 
 
 
Real estate owned, net
 

$760


$892

Accounts and other receivables(1)(2)
 
6,939

6,924

Guarantee asset
 
3,443

3,171

Fixed assets
 
924

798

Advances to lenders and other secured lending(2)
 
1,808

1,269

All other
 
702

636

Total other assets
 

$14,576


$13,690

Other liabilities:
 
 
 
Servicer liabilities
 

$343


$628

Guarantee obligation
 
3,347

3,081

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
 
944

754

Payables related to securities
 
3,575

2,813

Income taxes payable
 
—

656

All other
 
986

1,036

Total other liabilities
 

$9,195


$8,968

(1)
Primarily consists of servicer receivables and other non-interest receivables.
(2)
Current and prior period presentation has been modified to reflect certain secured lending activity within advances to lenders and other secured lending. Previously this activity was included in accounts and other receivables.

END OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND ACCOMPANYING NOTES

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
157
Other Information

Other Information
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are involved as a party to a variety of legal proceedings. For more information, see Note 16 in this report, our 2017 Annual Report and our Form 10-Qs for the first and second quarters of 2018.
In addition, a number of lawsuits have been filed against the U.S. government related to the conservatorship and the Purchase Agreement. For information on these lawsuits, see the Legal Proceedings section in our 2017 Annual Report and our Form 10-Qs for the first and second quarters of 2018. One of these cases was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Iowa. On March 27, 2017, the District Court dismissed this case. On August 23, 2018, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed the District Court’s decision. On August 16, 2018, plaintiffs for two such cases filed in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims filed motions for class certifications. In addition, three additional cases were filed in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims: one on August 1, 2018, one on August 7, 2018, and one on August 17, 2018.
Some of these cases also have challenged the constitutionality of the structure of FHFA. Seven such cases in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims were amended to include illegal exaction claims on this basis, including one on August 13, 2018, one on August 15, 2018, and five on August 16, 2018. One additional case was filed in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on August 16, 2018.
Freddie Mac is not a party to any of these lawsuits.
RISK FACTORS
This Form 10-Q should be read together with the Risk Factors section in our 2017 Annual Report, which describes various risks and uncertainties to which we are or may become subject. These risks and uncertainties could, directly or indirectly, adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, strategies and/or prospects.
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
The securities we issue are "exempted securities" under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. As a result, we do not file registration statements with the SEC with respect to offerings of our securities.
Following our entry into conservatorship, we suspended the operation of, and ceased making grants under, equity compensation plans. Previously, we had provided equity compensation under those plans to employees and members of the Board of Directors. Under the Purchase Agreement, we cannot issue any new options, rights to purchase, participations, or other equity interests without Treasury’s prior approval. However, grants outstanding as of the date of the Purchase Agreement remain in effect in accordance with their terms.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
158
Other Information

Dividend Restrictions
Our payment of dividends on Freddie Mac common stock or any series of Freddie Mac preferred stock (other than senior preferred stock) is subject to certain restrictions as described in Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities - Dividends and Dividend Restrictions in our 2017 Annual Report.
Information About Certain Securities Issuances by Freddie Mac
Pursuant to SEC regulations, public companies are required to disclose certain information when they incur a material direct financial obligation or become directly or contingently liable for a material obligation under an off-balance sheet arrangement. The disclosure must be made in a current report on Form 8-K under Item 2.03 or, if the obligation is incurred in connection with certain types of securities offerings, in prospectuses for those offerings that are filed with the SEC.
Freddie Mac’s securities offerings are exempted from SEC registration requirements. As a result, we do not file registration statements or prospectuses with the SEC with respect to our securities offerings. To comply with the disclosure requirements of Form 8-K relating to the incurrence of material financial obligations, we report these types of obligations either in offering circulars or offering circular supplements that we post on our web site or in a current report on Form 8-K, in accordance with a "no-action" letter we received from the SEC staff. In cases where the information is disclosed in an offering circular or offering circular supplement, the document will be posted on our web site within the same time period that a prospectus for a non-exempt securities offering would be required to be filed with the SEC.
The web site address for disclosure about our debt securities is www.freddiemac.com/debt. From this address, investors can access the offering circular and related supplements for debt securities offerings under Freddie Mac’s global debt facility, including pricing supplements for individual issuances of debt securities. Similar information about our STACR debt notes and SCR debt notes is available at crt.freddiemac.com and mf.freddiemac.com/investors/, respectively.
Disclosure about the mortgage-related securities we issue, some of which are off-balance sheet obligations (e.g., K Certificates and SB Certificates), can be found at www.freddiemac.com/mbs. From this address, investors can access information and documents about our mortgage-related securities, including offering circulars and offering circular supplements.
We provide additional information, including product descriptions, investor presentations, securities issuance calendars, transactions volumes and details, redemption notices and Freddie Mac research, in each case as applicable, on the websites for our business segments, which can be found at www.freddiemac.com/singlefamily, mf.freddiemac.com and www.freddiemac.com/capital-markets.
EXHIBITS
The exhibits are listed in the Exhibit Index of this Form 10-Q.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
159
Controls and Procedures


Controls and Procedures
EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that the information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management of the company, including the company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing our disclosure controls and procedures, we recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and we must apply judgment in implementing possible controls and procedures.
Management, including the company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2018. As a result of management’s evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of September 30, 2018, at a reasonable level of assurance, because we have not been able to update our disclosure controls and procedures to provide reasonable assurance that information known by FHFA on an ongoing basis is communicated from FHFA to Freddie Mac’s management in a manner that allows for timely decisions regarding our required disclosure under the federal securities laws. We consider this situation to be a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting.
CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING DURING 3Q 2018
We evaluated the changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during 3Q 2018 and concluded that there were no changes that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
160
Controls and Procedures


MITIGATING ACTIONS RELATED TO THE MATERIAL WEAKNESS IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
As described above under Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures, we have one material weakness in internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2018 that we have not remediated.
Based on discussions with FHFA and given the structural nature of this material weakness, we believe it is likely that we will not remediate it while we are under conservatorship. However, both we and FHFA have continued to engage in activities and employ procedures and practices intended to permit accumulation and communication to management of information needed to meet our disclosure obligations under the federal securities laws. These include the following:
n
FHFA has established the Division of Conservatorship, which is intended to facilitate operation of the company with the oversight of the Conservator.
n
We provide drafts of our SEC filings to FHFA personnel for their review and comment prior to filing. We also provide drafts of external press releases, statements and certain speeches to FHFA personnel for their review and comment prior to release.
n
FHFA personnel, including senior officials, review our SEC filings prior to filing, including this Form 10-Q, and engage in discussions with us regarding issues associated with the information contained in those filings. Prior to filing this Form 10-Q, FHFA provided us with a written acknowledgment that it had reviewed the Form 10-Q, was not aware of any material misstatements or omissions in the Form 10-Q, and had no objection to our filing the Form 10-Q.
n
The Director of FHFA is in frequent communication with our Chief Executive Officer, typically meeting (in person or by phone) on at least a bi-weekly basis.
n
FHFA representatives attend meetings frequently with various groups within the company to enhance the flow of information and to provide oversight on a variety of matters, including accounting, credit and capital markets management, external communications and legal matters.
n
Senior officials within FHFA’s accounting group meet frequently with our senior financial executives regarding our accounting policies, practices and procedures.
In view of our mitigating actions related to this material weakness, we believe that our condensed consolidated financial statements for 3Q 2018 have been prepared in conformity with GAAP.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
161
Exhibit Index


Exhibit Index
Exhibit
Description*
12.1
 
 
 
 
31.1
 
 
 
 
31.2
 
 
 
 
32.1
 
 
 
 
32.2
 
 
 
 
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document
 
 
 
 
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
 
 
 
 
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation
 
 
 
 
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels
 
 
 
 
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation
 
 
 
 
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition
 
 
* The SEC file numbers for the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 10, Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K are 000-53330 and 001-34139.


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
162
Signatures


Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
 
 
By:
 
/s/ Donald H. Layton
 
 
Donald H. Layton
 
 
Chief Executive Officer
Date: October 31, 2018
 
By:
 
/s/ James G. Mackey
 
 
James G. Mackey
 
 
Executive Vice President — Chief Financial Officer
 
 
(Principal Financial Officer)
Date: October 31, 2018
 



Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
163
Form 10-Q Index



Form 10-Q Index
Item Number
 
Page(s)
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Item 1.
Financial Statements
80 - 157
Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
1 - 79
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
61 - 64
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
160 - 161
PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
Item 1A
Risk Factors
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
158 - 159
Item 6.
Exhibits
Exhibit Index
 
Signatures
 


Freddie Mac Form 10-Q
 
164