The information in this preliminary pricing supplement is not complete and may be changed. A registration statement relating to these securities has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. This preliminary pricing supplement and the accompanying product supplement, underlying supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus are not an offer to sell these securities, nor are they soliciting an offer to buy these securities, in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted. SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JANUARY 15, 2019

Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc.

January----, 2019 Medium-Term Senior Notes, Series N Pricing Supplement No. 2019-USNCH[ ] Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2) Registration Statement Nos. 333-216372 and 333-216372-01

Market-Linked Notes Based on the MSCI Europe Index Due February-----, 2021

Overview

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The notes offered by this pricing supplement are unsecured debt securities issued by Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and guaranteed by Citigroup Inc. Unlike conventional debt securities, the notes do not pay interest and do not guarantee the full repayment of principal at maturity. Instead, the notes offer the potential for a positive return at maturity based on the performance of the MSCI Europe Index (the “underlying index”) from the initial index level to the final index level.

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The notes provide enhanced exposure to the positive performance of the underlying index. If the underlying index appreciates from the initial index level to the final index level, you will receive a positive return at maturity equal to 116.15% of that appreciation. However, if the underlying index depreciates from the initial index level to the final index level, you will incur a loss at maturity equal to that depreciation, subject to a maximum loss of 5% of the stated principal amount. Even if the underlying index appreciates from the initial index level to the final index level so that you do receive a positive return at maturity, there is no assurance that your total return at maturity on the notes will compensate you for the effects of inflation or be as great as the yield you could have achieved on a conventional debt security of ours of comparable maturity.

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In exchange for the capped loss potential if the underlying index depreciates, investors in the notes must be willing to forgo any dividends that may be paid on the stocks that constitute the underlying index during the 2-year term of the notes. If the underlying index does not appreciate from the pricing date to the valuation date, you will not receive any return on your investment in the notes, and you may lose up to 5% of your investment.

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In order to obtain the modified exposure to the underlying index that the notes provide, investors must be willing to accept (i) an investment that may have limited or no liquidity and (ii) the risk of not receiving any amount due under the notes if we and Citigroup Inc. default on our obligations. All payments on the notes are subject to the credit risk of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and Citigroup Inc.

KEY TERMS
Issuer:		Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Citigroup Inc.
Guarantee:		All payments due on the notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Citigroup Inc.
Underlying index:	The MSCI Europe Index (ticker symbol: “MXEU”)
Aggregate stated principal amount:	$
Stated principal amount:	$10.00 per note
Pricing date:	January     , 2019 (expected to be January 31, 2019)
Issue date:	February     , 2019 (three business days after the pricing date). See “Supplemental Plan of Distribution” in this pricing supplement for additional information.
Valuation date:	January     , 2021 (expected to be January 29, 2021), subject to postponement if such date is not a scheduled trading day or if certain market disruption events occur
Maturity date:	February     , 2021 (expected to be February 3, 2021)
Payment at maturity:	▪  If the final index level is greater than the initial index level: $10.00 + ($10.00 × the upside participation rate × the index return) ▪  If the final index level is less than or equal to the initial index level: $10.00 + ($10.00 × the index return), subject to the minimum return at maturity If the final index level depreciates from the initial index level, you will be exposed to the first 5% of that depreciation and your payment at maturity will be less than the stated principal amount per note. You should not invest in the notes unless you are willing and able to bear the risk of losing up to $0.50 per note.
Upside participation rate:	116.15%
Initial index level:	, the closing level of the underlying index on the pricing date
Final index level:	The closing level of the underlying index on the valuation date
Index return:	(i) The final index level minus the initial index level, divided by the (ii) initial index level
Minimum return at maturity:	$9.50 per note (95.00% of the stated principal amount)
Listing:	The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange
CUSIP / ISIN:	17326W134 / US17326W1348
Underwriter:	Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (“CGMI”), an affiliate of the issuer, acting as principal
Underwriting fee and issue price:	Issue price(1)(2)		Underwriting fee	Proceeds to issuer
Per note:	$10.00		$0.20(2)	$9.75
			$0.05(3)
Total:	$		$	$

(1) Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. currently expects that the estimated value of the notes on the pricing date will be at least $9.410 per note, which will be less than the issue price. The estimated value of the notes is based on CGMI’s proprietary pricing models and our internal funding rate. It is not an indication of actual profit to CGMI or other of our affiliates, nor is it an indication of the price, if any, at which CGMI or any other person may be willing to buy the notes from you at any time after issuance. See “Valuation of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.

(2) CGMI, an affiliate of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and the underwriter of the sale of the notes, is acting as principal and will receive an underwriting fee of $0.25 for each $10.00 note sold in this offering. Certain selected dealers, including Morgan Stanley Wealth Management, and their financial advisors will collectively receive from CGMI a fixed selling concession of $0.20 for each $10.00 note they sell. Additionally, it is possible that CGMI and its affiliates may profit from expected hedging activity related to this offering, even if the value of the notes declines. See “Use of Proceeds and Hedging” in the accompanying prospectus.

(3) Reflects a structuring fee payable to Morgan Stanley Wealth Management by CGMI of $0.05 for each note.

Investing in the notes involves risks not associated with an investment in conventional debt securities. See “Summary Risk Factors” beginning on page PS-5.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the notes or determined that this pricing supplement and the accompanying product supplement, underlying supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

You should read this pricing supplement together with the accompanying product supplement, underlying supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus, each of which can be accessed via the hyperlinks below:

Product Supplement No. EA-02-06 dated April 7, 2017    Underlying Supplement No. 7 dated July 16, 2018

Prospectus Supplement and Prospectus each dated April 7, 2017

The notes are not bank deposits and are not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency, nor are they obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.

Additional Information

 

The terms of the notes are set forth in the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus, as supplemented by this pricing supplement. The accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus contain important disclosures that are not repeated in this pricing supplement. For example, certain events may occur that could affect your payment at maturity. These events and their consequences are described in the accompanying product supplement in the sections “Description of the Notes—Certain Additional Terms for Notes Linked to an Underlying Index—Consequences of a Market Disruption Event; Postponement of a Valuation Date” and “—Discontinuance or Material Modification of an Underlying Index,” and not in this pricing supplement. The accompanying underlying supplement contains important disclosures regarding the underlying index that are not repeated in this pricing supplement. It is important that you read the accompanying product supplement, underlying supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus together with this pricing supplement before deciding whether to invest in the notes. Certain terms used but not defined in this pricing supplement are defined in the accompanying product supplement.

 

Investment Summary

 

The notes offer the potential for 116.15% participation in any positive performance of the underlying index. The notes provide investors:

 

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an opportunity to gain exposure to the underlying index;

 

▪

a capped loss potential of up to 5% at maturity; and

 

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116.15% participation in any appreciation of the underlying index over the term of the notes.

 

At maturity, if the underlying index depreciates from the initial index level to the final index level, you will incur a loss equal to that depreciation, subject to a maximum loss of 5% of the stated principal amount. All payments on the notes are subject to the credit risk of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and Citigroup Inc. Investors in the notes will not receive any dividends paid on the stocks that constitute the underlying index over the term of the notes.

 

Maturity:	Approximately 2 years
Upside participation rate:	116.15%. The upside participation rate applies only if the final index level is greater than the initial index level.
Minimum return at maturity:	$9.50 per note
Interest:	None

 

Key Investment Rationale

 

The notes offer investors exposure to the performance of the underlying index and provide for a capped loss potential of up to 5% at maturity. They are for investors who are concerned about principal risk but seek an equity index-based return, and who are willing to forgo dividends in exchange for the capped loss potential of up to 5% at maturity if the underlying index depreciates.

 

Capped Loss Potential:	The notes offer investors enhanced upside exposure to any appreciation of the underlying index, while providing for capped loss potential at maturity.
Upside Scenario:	If the final index level is greater than the initial index level, the payment at maturity for each note will be equal to the $10.00 stated principal amount plus the product of (i) the stated principal amount, (ii) the upside participation rate and (iii) the index return. For example, taking into account the upside participation rate of 116.15%, if the final index level is 3.00% greater than the initial index level, the notes will provide a total return of 3.48% at maturity.
Downside Scenario:	If the final index level is less than the initial index level, the notes will be exposed to the negative performance of the underlying index, subject to a maximum loss of 5% of the stated principal amount.

 

Hypothetical Examples

 

The diagram below illustrates your payment at maturity for a range of hypothetical percentage changes from the initial index level to the final index level.

 

Investors in the notes will not receive any dividends that may be paid on the stocks that constitute the underlying index. The diagram and examples below do not show any effect of lost dividend yield over the term of the notes. See “Summary Risk Factors—Investing in the notes is not equivalent to investing in the underlying index or the stocks that constitute the underlying index” below.

 

Market-Linked Notes Payment at Maturity Diagram
n The Notes	n The Underlying Index

 

Your actual payment at maturity per note will depend on the actual initial index level, which will be determined on the pricing date, and the actual final index level. The examples below are intended to illustrate how your payment at maturity will depend on whether the final index level is greater than or less than the initial index level and by how much. The examples are based on a hypothetical initial index level of 100.00 and are for illustrative purposes only.

 

Example 1—Upside Scenario A. The hypothetical final index level is 110.00 (an approximately 10.00% increase from the hypothetical initial index level), which is greater than the hypothetical initial index level.

 

Payment at maturity per note = $10 + ($10 × the upside participation rate × the index return) 

= $10 + ($10 × 116.15% × 10.00%) 

= $10 + $1.1615 

= $11.1615

 

Because the underlying index appreciated by 10.00% from its hypothetical initial index level to its hypothetical final index level, your total return at maturity in this scenario would be 11.615%.

 

Example 2—Downside Scenario A. The hypothetical final index level is 97.00 (an approximately 3.00% decrease from the hypothetical initial index level), which is less than the hypothetical initial index level.

 

Payment at maturity per note = $10 + ($10 × the index return), subject to the minimum return at maturity of $9.50 per note 

= $10 + ($10 × -3.00%), subject to the minimum return at maturity of $9.50 per note 

= $10 + -$0.30, subject to the minimum return at maturity of $9.50 per note 

= $9.70, subject to the minimum return at maturity of $9.50 per note 

= $9.70

 

Because the underlying index depreciated from its hypothetical initial index level to its hypothetical final index level, but not by more than 5.00%, your payment at maturity would reflect 1-to-1 exposure to the negative performance of the underlying index and you would incur a loss at maturity of 3.00%.

 

Example 3—Downside Scenario B. The hypothetical final index level is 80.00 (an approximately 20.00% decrease from the hypothetical initial index level), which is less than the hypothetical initial index level.

 

Payment at maturity per note = $10 + ($10 × the index return), subject to the minimum return at maturity of $9.50 per note 

= $10 + ($10 × -20.00%), subject to the minimum return at maturity of $9.50 per note 

= $10 + -$2.00, subject to the minimum return at maturity of $9.50 per note 

= $8.00, subject to the minimum return at maturity of $9.50 per note 

= $9.50

 

Because the underlying index depreciated from its hypothetical initial index level to its hypothetical final index level by more than 5.00%, you would incur a loss at maturity equal to the maximum loss of 5.00%.

 

Summary Risk Factors

 

An investment in the notes is significantly riskier than an investment in conventional debt securities. The notes are subject to all of the risks associated with an investment in our conventional debt securities that are guaranteed by Citigroup Inc., including the risk that we and Citigroup Inc. may default on our obligations under the notes, and are also subject to risks associated with the underlying index. Accordingly, the notes are suitable only for investors who are capable of understanding the complexities and risks of the notes. You should consult your own financial, tax and legal advisors as to the risks of an investment in the notes and the suitability of the notes in light of your particular circumstances.

 

The following is a summary of certain key risk factors for investors in the notes. You should read this summary together with the more detailed description of risks relating to an investment in the notes contained in the section “Risk Factors Relating to the Notes” beginning on page EA-6 in the accompanying product supplement. You should also carefully read the risk factors included in the accompanying prospectus supplement and in the documents incorporated by reference in the accompanying prospectus, including Citigroup Inc.’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, which describe risks relating to the business of Citigroup Inc. more generally.

 

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You may not receive any return on your investment in the notes and may lose up to 5% of your investment. You will receive a positive return on your investment in the notes only if the underlying index appreciates from the initial index level to the final index level. If the final index level is less than the initial index level, you will lose 1% of the stated principal amount of the notes for every 1% by which the final index level is less than the initial index level, subject to a maximum loss of 5% of your investment. As the notes do not pay any interest, if the underlying index does not appreciate sufficiently from the initial index level to the final index level over the term of the notes or if the underlying index depreciates from the initial index level to the final index level, there is no assurance that your total return at maturity on the notes will be as great as could have been achieved on conventional debt securities of ours of comparable maturity.

 

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The notes do not pay interest. Unlike conventional debt securities, the notes do not pay interest or any other amounts prior to maturity. You should not invest in the notes if you seek current income during the term of the notes.

 

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Although the notes limit your loss at maturity to 5%, you may nevertheless suffer additional losses on your investment in real value terms if the underlying index declines or does not appreciate sufficiently from the initial index level to the final index level. This is because inflation may cause the real value of the stated principal amount to be less at maturity than it is at the time you invest, and because an investment in the notes represents a forgone opportunity to invest in an alternative asset that does generate a positive real return. This potential loss in real value terms is significant given the 2-year term of the notes. You should carefully consider whether an investment that may not provide for any return on your investment, or may provide a return that is lower than the return on alternative investments, is appropriate for you.

 

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Investing in the notes is not equivalent to investing in the underlying index or the stocks that constitute the underlying index. You will not have voting rights, rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the stocks that constitute the underlying index. As of January 14, 2019, the average dividend yield of the underlying index was approximately 3.98% per year. While it is impossible to know the future dividend yield of the underlying index, if this average dividend yield were to remain constant for the term of the notes, you would be forgoing an aggregate yield of approximately 7.96% (assuming no reinvestment of dividends) by investing in the notes instead of investing directly in the stocks that constitute the underlying index or in another investment linked to the underlying index that provides for a pass-through of dividends. The payment scenarios described in this pricing supplement do not show any effect of lost dividend yield over the term of the notes. If the underlying index appreciates, or if it depreciates by up to the dividend yield, this lost dividend yield will cause the notes to underperform an alternative investment providing for a pass-through of dividends and 1-to-1 exposure to the performance of the underlying index.

 

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Your payment at maturity depends on the closing level of the underlying index on a single day. Because your payment at maturity depends on the closing level of the underlying index solely on the valuation date, you are subject to the risk that the closing level of the underlying index on that day may be lower, and possibly significantly lower, than on one or more other dates during the term of the notes. If you had invested directly in the stocks that constitute the underlying index or in another instrument linked to the underlying index that you could sell for full value at a time selected by you, or if the payment at maturity were based on an average of the closing levels of the underlying index throughout the term of the notes, you might have achieved better returns.

 

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The notes are subject to the credit risk of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and Citigroup Inc. If we default on our obligations under the notes and Citigroup Inc. defaults on its guarantee obligations, you may not receive anything owed to you under the notes.

 

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The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange and you may not be able to sell them prior to maturity. The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange. Therefore, there may be little or no secondary market for the notes. CGMI currently intends to make a secondary market in relation to the notes and to provide an indicative bid price for the notes on a daily basis. Any indicative bid price for the notes provided by CGMI will be determined in CGMI’s sole discretion, taking into account prevailing market conditions and other relevant factors, and will not be a representation by CGMI that the notes can be sold at that price, or at

 

all. CGMI may suspend or terminate making a market and providing indicative bid prices without notice, at any time and for any reason. If CGMI suspends or terminates making a market, there may be no secondary market at all for the notes because it is likely that CGMI will be the only broker-dealer that is willing to buy your notes prior to maturity. Accordingly, an investor must be prepared to hold the notes until maturity.

 

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The estimated value of the notes on the pricing date, based on CGMI’s proprietary pricing models and our internal funding rate, will be less than the issue price. The difference is attributable to certain costs associated with selling, structuring and hedging the notes that are included in the issue price. These costs include (i) the selling concessions and structuring fees paid in connection with the offering of the notes, (ii) hedging and other costs incurred by us and our affiliates in connection with the offering of the notes and (iii) the expected profit (which may be more or less than actual profit) to CGMI or other of our affiliates in connection with hedging our obligations under the notes. These costs adversely affect the economic terms of the notes because, if they were lower, the economic terms of the notes would be more favorable to you. The economic terms of the notes are also likely to be adversely affected by the use of our internal funding rate, rather than our secondary market rate, to price the notes. See “The estimated value of the notes would be lower if it were calculated based on our secondary market rate” below.

 

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The estimated value of the notes was determined for us by our affiliate using proprietary pricing models. CGMI derived the estimated value disclosed on the cover page of this pricing supplement from its proprietary pricing models. In doing so, it may have made discretionary judgments about the inputs to its models, such as the volatility of the underlying index, dividend yields on the stocks that constitute the underlying index and interest rates. CGMI’s views on these inputs may differ from your or others’ views, and as an underwriter in this offering, CGMI’s interests may conflict with yours. Both the models and the inputs to the models may prove to be wrong and therefore not an accurate reflection of the value of the notes. Moreover, the estimated value of the notes set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement may differ from the value that we or our affiliates may determine for the notes for other purposes, including for accounting purposes. You should not invest in the notes because of the estimated value of the notes. Instead, you should be willing to hold the notes to maturity irrespective of the initial estimated value.

 

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The estimated value of the notes would be lower if it were calculated based on our secondary market rate. The estimated value of the notes included in this pricing supplement is calculated based on our internal funding rate, which is the rate at which we are willing to borrow funds through the issuance of the notes. Our internal funding rate is generally lower than our secondary market rate, which is the rate that CGMI will use in determining the value of the notes for purposes of any purchases of the notes from you in the secondary market. If the estimated value included in this pricing supplement were based on our secondary market rate, rather than our internal funding rate, it would likely be lower. We determine our internal funding rate based on factors such as the costs associated with the notes, which are generally higher than the costs associated with conventional debt securities, and our liquidity needs and preferences. Our internal funding rate is not an interest rate that we will pay to investors in the notes, which do not bear interest. Because there is not an active market for traded instruments referencing our outstanding debt obligations, CGMI determines our secondary market rate based on the market price of traded instruments referencing the debt obligations of Citigroup Inc., our parent company and the guarantor of all payments due on the notes, but subject to adjustments that CGMI makes in its sole discretion. As a result, our secondary market rate is not a market-determined measure of our creditworthiness, but rather reflects the market’s perception of our parent company’s creditworthiness as adjusted for discretionary factors such as CGMI’s preferences with respect to purchasing the notes prior to maturity.

 

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The estimated value of the notes is not an indication of the price, if any, at which CGMI or any other person may be willing to buy the notes from you in the secondary market. Any such secondary market price will fluctuate over the term of the notes based on the market and other factors described in the next risk factor. Moreover, unlike the estimated value included in this pricing supplement, any value of the notes determined for purposes of a secondary market transaction will be based on our secondary market rate, which will likely result in a lower value for the notes than if our internal funding rate were used. In addition, any secondary market price for the notes will be reduced by a bid-ask spread, which may vary depending on the aggregate stated principal amount of the notes to be purchased in the secondary market transaction, and the expected cost of unwinding related hedging transactions. As a result, it is likely that any secondary market price for the notes will be less than the issue price.

 

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The value of the notes prior to maturity will fluctuate based on many unpredictable factors. The value of your notes prior to maturity will fluctuate based on the level and volatility of the underlying index and a number of other factors, including the price and volatility of the stocks that constitute the underlying index, the dividend yields on the stocks that constitute the underlying index, interest rates generally, currency exchange rates, the time remaining to maturity and our and/or Citigroup Inc.’s creditworthiness, as reflected in our secondary market rate. Changes in the level of the underlying index may not result in a comparable change in the value of your notes. You should understand that the value of your notes at any time prior to maturity may be significantly less than the issue price.

 

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Immediately following issuance, any secondary market bid price provided by CGMI, and the value that will be indicated on any brokerage account statements prepared by CGMI or its affiliates, will reflect a temporary upward adjustment. The amount of this temporary upward adjustment will steadily decline to zero over the temporary adjustment period. See “Valuation of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.

 

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The underlying index is subject to risks associated with non-U.S. markets. Investments linked to the value of non-U.S. stocks involve risks associated with the securities markets in those countries, including risks of volatility in those markets, governmental intervention in those markets and cross shareholdings in companies in certain countries. Also, there is generally less publicly available information about companies in some of these jurisdictions than about U.S. companies that are subject to the reporting requirements of the SEC. Further, non-U.S. companies are generally subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and requirements and securities trading rules that are different from those applicable to U.S. reporting companies. The prices of securities in foreign markets may be affected by political, economic, financial and social factors in those countries, or global regions, including changes in government, economic and fiscal policies and currency exchange laws. Moreover, the economies in such countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the economy of the United States in such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resources and self-sufficiency.

 

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The securities are subject to currency exchange risk. In order to calculate the level of the underlying index, the prices of the equity securities included in the underlying index are converted into U.S. dollars and those U.S. dollar prices are used to calculate the U.S. dollar level of the underlying index. The U.S. dollar level of the underlying index is then converted into euros by adjusting the U.S. dollar level of the underlying index to reflect the return on the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the euro since the inception of the euro on January 1, 1999. Accordingly, holders of the securities will be exposed to currency exchange rate risk with respect to the currencies in which securities included in the underlying index are traded relative to the U.S. dollar and with respect to the U.S. dollar relative to the euro. Your net exposure will depend on the extent to which the currencies in which securities included in the underlying index are traded strengthen or weaken against the U.S. dollar and the relative weights of those securities, as well as the extent to which the euro strengthens or weakens against the U.S. dollar. If, taking into account the relevant weights, the U.S. dollar strengthens against the currencies in which securities included in the underlying index are traded or if the euro strengthens against the U.S. dollar, the levels of the underlying index will be adversely affected and any payment on the securities may be reduced. Of particular importance to potential currency exchange risk are:

 

§

existing and expected rates of inflation;

 

§

existing and expected interest rate levels;

 

§

the balance of payments in the countries issuing those currencies, the other Eurozone countries and the United States and between each country and its major trading partners;

 

§

political, civil or military unrest in the countries issuing those currencies , the other Eurozone countries and the United States; and

 

§

the extent of government surpluses or deficits in the countries issuing those currencies, the other Eurozone countries and the United States.

 

All of these factors are in turn sensitive to the monetary, fiscal and trade policies pursued by the governments of the countries issuing those currencies , the other Eurozone countries and the United States and other countries important to international trade and finance.

 

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Our offering of the notes does not constitute a recommendation of the underlying index. The fact that we are offering the notes does not mean that we believe that investing in an instrument linked to the underlying index is likely to achieve favorable returns. In fact, as we are part of a global financial institution, our affiliates may have positions (including short positions) in the stocks that constitute the underlying index or in instruments related to the underlying index or such stocks, and may publish research or express opinions, that in each case are inconsistent with an investment linked to the underlying index. These and other activities of our affiliates may affect the level of the underlying index in a way that has a negative impact on your interests as a holder of the notes.

 

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The level of the underlying index may be adversely affected by our or our affiliates’ hedging and other trading activities. We expect to hedge our obligations under the notes through CGMI or other of our affiliates, who may take positions directly in the stocks that constitute the underlying index and other financial instruments related to the underlying index or such stocks and may adjust such positions during the term of the notes. Our affiliates also trade the stocks that constitute the underlying index and other financial instruments related to the underlying index or such stocks on a regular basis (taking long or short positions or both), for their accounts, for other accounts under their management or to facilitate transactions on behalf of customers. These activities could affect the level of the underlying index in a way that negatively affects the value of the notes. They could also result in substantial returns for us or our affiliates while the value of the notes declines.

 

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We and our affiliates may have economic interests that are adverse to yours as a result of our affiliates’ business activities. Our affiliates may currently or from time to time engage in business with the issuers of the stocks that constitute the underlying index, including extending loans to, making equity investments in or providing advisory services to such issuers. In the course of this business, we or our affiliates may acquire non-public information about such issuers, which we will not disclose to

 

you. Moreover, if any of our affiliates is or becomes a creditor of any such issuer, they may exercise any remedies against such issuer that are available to them without regard to your interests.

 

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The calculation agent, which is an affiliate of ours, will make important determinations with respect to the notes. If certain events occur, such as market disruption events or the discontinuance of the underlying index, CGMI, as calculation agent, will be required to make discretionary judgments that could significantly affect your payment at maturity. In making these judgments, the calculation agent’s interests as an affiliate of ours could be adverse to your interests as a holder of the notes.

 

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Adjustments to the underlying index may affect the value of your notes. MSCI Inc. (the “underlying index publisher”) may add, delete or substitute the stocks that constitute the underlying index or make other methodological changes that could affect the level of the underlying index. The underlying index publisher may discontinue or suspend calculation or publication of the underlying index at any time without regard to your interests as holders of the notes.

 

Information About the MSCI Europe Index

 

The MSCI Europe Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization weighted index that is designed to measure the equity market performance of the developed markets in Europe. The MSCI Europe Index currently consists of the following 15 developed market country indices: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The MSCI Europe Index covers approximately 85% of the free float-adjusted market capitalization across the European developed markets equity universe. The euro price return version of the MSCI Europe Index is reported by Bloomberg L.P. under ticker symbol “MXEU.”

 

Please refer to the section “Equity Index Descriptions—The MSCI Indices” in the accompanying underlying supplement for important disclosures regarding the MSCI Europe Index.

 

Historical Information

 

The closing level of the MSCI Europe Index on January 14, 2019 was 117.41.

 

The graph below shows the closing level of the MSCI Europe Index for each day such level was available from January 1, 2014 to January 14, 2019. We obtained the closing levels from Bloomberg L.P., without independent verification. You should not take the historical levels of the MSCI Europe Index as an indication of future performance.

 

MSCI Europe Index – Historical Closing Levels January 1, 2014 to January 14, 2019

  

 

United States Federal Tax Considerations

 

Prospective investors should note that, other than the discussion under “United States Federal Tax Considerations—Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders—Possible Withholding Under Section 871(m) of the Code,” the section entitled “United States Federal Tax Considerations” in the accompanying product supplement does not apply to the notes issued under this pricing supplement and is superseded by the following discussion.

 

In the opinion of our counsel, Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, the notes should be treated as “contingent payment debt instruments” for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as described in the section of the accompanying prospectus supplement called “United States Federal Tax Considerations—Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders—Notes Treated as Contingent Payment Debt Instruments,” and the remaining discussion is based on this treatment. The discussion herein does not address the consequences to taxpayers subject to special tax accounting rules under Section 451(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).

 

If you are a U.S. Holder (as defined in the accompanying prospectus supplement), you will be required to recognize interest income during the term of the notes at the “comparable yield,” which generally is the yield at which we could issue a fixed-rate debt instrument with terms similar to those of the notes, including the level of subordination, term, timing of payments and general market conditions, but excluding any adjustments for the riskiness of the contingencies or the liquidity of the notes. We are required to construct a “projected payment schedule” in respect of the notes representing a payment the amount and timing of which would produce a yield to maturity on the notes equal to the comparable yield. Assuming you hold the notes until their maturity, the amount of interest you include in income based on the comparable yield in the taxable year in which the notes mature will be adjusted upward or downward to reflect the difference, if any, between the actual and projected payment on the notes at maturity as determined under the projected payment schedule.

 

Upon the sale, exchange or retirement of the notes prior to maturity, you generally will recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the proceeds received and your adjusted tax basis in the notes. Your adjusted tax basis will equal your purchase price for the notes, increased by interest previously included in income on the notes. Any gain generally will be treated as ordinary income, and any loss generally will be treated as ordinary loss to the extent of prior interest inclusions on the note and as capital loss thereafter.

 

We have determined that the comparable yield for a note is a rate of     %, compounded semi-annually, and that the projected payment schedule with respect to a note consists of a single payment of $      at maturity.

 

Neither the comparable yield nor the projected payment schedule constitutes a representation by us regarding the actual amount that we will pay on the notes.

 

Non-U.S. Holders. Subject to the discussions below regarding Section 871(m) and in “United States Federal Tax Considerations—Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders” and “—FATCA” in the accompanying prospectus supplement, if you are a Non-U.S. Holder (as defined in the accompanying prospectus supplement) of the notes, under current law you generally will not be subject to U.S. federal withholding or income tax in respect of any payment on or any amount received on the sale, exchange or retirement of the notes, provided that (i) income in respect of the notes is not effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States, and (ii) you comply with the applicable certification requirements. See “United States Federal Tax Considerations—Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders” in the accompanying prospectus supplement for a more detailed discussion of the rules applicable to Non-U.S. Holders of the notes.

 

As discussed under “United States Federal Tax Considerations—Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders—Possible Withholding Under Section 871(m) of the Code” in the accompanying product supplement, Section 871(m) of the Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (“Section 871(m)”) generally impose a 30% withholding tax on dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid to Non-U.S. Holders with respect to certain financial instruments linked to U.S. equities (“U.S. Underlying Equities”) or indices that include U.S. Underlying Equities. Section 871(m) generally applies to instruments that substantially replicate the economic performance of one or more U.S. Underlying Equities, as determined based on tests set forth in the applicable Treasury regulations (a “Specified Security”). However, the regulations, as modified by an Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) notice, exempt financial instruments issued prior to January 1, 2021 that do not have a “delta” of one. Based on the terms of the notes and representations provided by us, our counsel is of the opinion that the notes should not be treated as transactions that have a “delta” of one within the meaning of the regulations with respect to any U.S. Underlying Equity and, therefore, should not be Specified Securities subject to withholding tax under Section 871(m).

 

A determination that the notes are not subject to Section 871(m) is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS may disagree with this treatment. Moreover, Section 871(m) is complex and its application may depend on your particular circumstances. For example, if you enter into other transactions relating to a U.S. Underlying Equity, you could be subject to withholding tax or income tax liability under Section 871(m) even if the notes are not Specified Securities subject to Section 871(m) as a general matter. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the potential application of Section 871(m) to the notes.

 

This information is indicative and will be updated in the final pricing supplement or may otherwise be updated by us in writing from time to time. Non-U.S. Holders should be warned that Section 871(m) may apply to the notes based on circumstances as of the pricing date for the notes and, therefore, it is possible that the notes will be subject to withholding tax under Section 871(m).

 

If withholding tax applies to the notes, we will not be required to pay any additional amounts with respect to amounts withheld.

 

FATCA. You should review the section entitled “United States Federal Tax Considerations—FATCA” in the accompanying prospectus supplement regarding withholding rules under the “FATCA” regime. The discussion in that section is hereby modified to reflect regulations proposed by the U.S. Treasury Department indicating an intent to eliminate the requirement under FATCA of withholding on gross proceeds of the disposition of affected financial instruments. The U.S. Treasury Department has indicated that taxpayers may rely on these proposed regulations pending their finalization.

 

You should read the section entitled “United States Federal Tax Considerations” in the accompanying prospectus supplement and the discussion under “United States Federal Tax Considerations—Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders—Possible Withholding Under Section 871(m) of the Code” in the accompanying product supplement. The preceding discussion, when read in combination with those sections, constitutes the full opinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP regarding the material U.S. federal tax consequences of owning and disposing of the notes.

 

You should also consult your tax adviser regarding all aspects of the U.S. federal tax consequences of an investment in the notes and any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S. taxing jurisdiction.

 

Supplemental Plan of Distribution

 

CGMI, an affiliate of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and the underwriter of the sale of the notes, is acting as principal and will receive an underwriting fee of $0.25 for each $10.00 note sold in this offering. From this underwriting fee, CGMI will pay selected dealers not affiliated with CGMI, including Morgan Stanley Wealth Management, and their financial advisors collectively a fixed selling concession of $0.20 for each $10.00 note they sell. In addition, Morgan Stanley Wealth Management will receive a structuring fee of $0.05 for each note they sell.

 

CGMI is an affiliate of ours. Accordingly, this offering will conform with the requirements addressing conflicts of interest when distributing the securities of an affiliate set forth in Rule 5121 of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. Client accounts over which Citigroup Inc. or its subsidiaries have investment discretion will not be permitted to purchase the notes, either directly or indirectly, without the prior written consent of the client.

 

Secondary market sales of securities typically settle two business days after the date on which the parties agree to the sale. Because the issue date for the notes is more than two business days after the pricing date, investors who wish to sell the notes at any time prior to the second business day preceding the issue date will be required to specify an alternative settlement date for the secondary market sale to prevent a failed settlement. Investors should consult their own investment advisors in this regard.

 

See “Plan of Distribution; Conflicts of Interest” in the accompanying product supplement and “Plan of Distribution” in each of the accompanying prospectus supplement and prospectus for additional information.

 

A portion of the net proceeds from the sale of the notes will be used to hedge our obligations under the notes. We expect to hedge our obligations under the notes through CGMI or other of our affiliates. CGMI or such other of our affiliates may profit from this expected hedging activity even if the value of the notes declines. This hedging activity could affect the closing level of the underlying index and, therefore, the value of and your return on the notes. For additional information on the ways in which our counterparties may hedge our obligations under the notes, see “Use of Proceeds and Hedging” in the accompanying prospectus.

 

Certain Selling Restrictions

 

Prohibition of Sales to EEA Retail Investors

 

The notes may not be offered, sold or otherwise made available to any retail investor in the European Economic Area.  For the purposes of this provision:

 

(a)

the expression “retail investor” means a person who is one (or more) of the following:

 

(i)

a retail client as defined in point (11) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU (as amended, “MiFID II”); or

 

(ii)

a customer within the meaning of Directive 2002/92/EC, where that customer would not qualify as a professional client as defined in point (10) of Article 4(1) of MiFID II; or

 

(iii)

not a qualified investor as defined in Directive 2003/71/EC; and

 

(b)

the expression “offer” includes the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the notes offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe the notes.

 

Valuation of the Notes

 

CGMI calculated the estimated value of the notes set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement based on proprietary pricing models. CGMI’s proprietary pricing models generated an estimated value for the notes by estimating the value of a hypothetical package of financial instruments that would replicate the payout on the notes, which consists of a fixed-income bond (the “bond component”) and one or more derivative instruments underlying the economic terms of the notes (the “derivative component”). CGMI calculated the estimated value of the bond component using a discount rate based on our internal funding rate. CGMI calculated the estimated value of the derivative component based on a proprietary derivative-pricing model, which generated a theoretical price for the instruments that constitute the derivative component based on various inputs, including the factors described under “Summary Risk Factors—The value of the notes prior to maturity will fluctuate based on many unpredictable factors” in this pricing supplement, but not including our or Citigroup Inc.’s creditworthiness. These inputs may be market-observable or may be based on assumptions made by CGMI in its discretionary judgment.

 

The estimated value of the notes is a function of the terms of the notes and the inputs to CGMI’s proprietary pricing models. As of the date of this preliminary pricing supplement, it is uncertain what the estimated value of the notes will be on the pricing date because it is uncertain what the values of the inputs to CGMI’s proprietary pricing models will be on the pricing date.

 

For a period of approximately three months following issuance of the notes, the price, if any, at which CGMI would be willing to buy the notes from investors, and the value that will be indicated for the notes on any brokerage account statements prepared by CGMI or its affiliates (which value CGMI may also publish through one or more financial information vendors), will reflect a temporary upward adjustment from the price or value that would otherwise be determined. This temporary upward adjustment represents a portion of the hedging profit expected to be realized by CGMI or its affiliates over the term of the notes. The amount of this temporary upward adjustment will decline to zero on a straight-line basis over the three-month temporary adjustment period. However, CGMI is not obligated to buy the notes from investors at any time. See “Summary Risk Factors—The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange and you may not be able to sell them prior to maturity.”

 

Contact

 

Clients of Morgan Stanley Wealth Management may contact their local Morgan Stanley branch office or the Morgan Stanley principal executive offices at 1585 Broadway, New York, New York 10036 (telephone number (212) 762-9666). All other clients may contact their local brokerage representative.

 

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