Edgar Filing: GILEAD SCIENCES INC

Document

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q



ý	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017



o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission File No. 0-19731

GILEAD SCIENCES, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)



Delaware	94-3047598
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(IRS Employer Identification No.)

333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California	94404
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

650-574-3000

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ý Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Smaller reporting company ¨ Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ¨ No ý

Number of shares outstanding of the issuer’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, as of July 31, 2017: 1,305,926,217

GILEAD SCIENCES, INC.

INDEX



PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION		2

	Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	2

		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (unaudited)	2

		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 (unaudited)	3

		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 (unaudited)	4

		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 (unaudited)	5

		Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	6

	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25

	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	33

	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	33

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION		35

	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	35

	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	35

	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	51

	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	51

	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	51

	Item 5.	Other Information	51

	Item 6.	Exhibits	51

SIGNATURES			52

We own or have rights to various trademarks, copyrights and trade names used in our business, including the following: GILEAD^®, GILEAD SCIENCES^®, AMBISOME^®, CAYSTON^®, COMPLERA^®, DESCOVY^®, EMTRIVA^®, EPCLUSA^®, EVIPLERA^®, GENVOYA^®, HARVONI^®, HEPSERA^®, LETAIRIS^®, ODEFSEY^®, RANEXA^®, SOVALDI^®, STRIBILD^®, TRUVADA^®, TYBOST^®, VEMLIDY^®, VIREAD^®, VITEKTA^®, VOLIBRIS^®, VOSEVI^® and ZYDELIG^®. ATRIPLA^® is a registered trademark of Bristol-Myers Squibb & Gilead Sciences, LLC. LEXISCAN^® is a registered trademark of Astellas U.S. LLC. MACUGEN^® is a registered trademark of Eyetech, Inc. SUSTIVA^® is a registered trademark of Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharma Company. TAMIFLU^® is a registered trademark of Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. This report also includes other trademarks, service marks and trade names of other companies.


PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION


Item 1.	CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GILEAD SCIENCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited)

(in millions, except per share amounts)



	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,712	$	8,229
Short-term marketable securities	12,384		3,666
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $636 at June 30, 2017 and $763 at December 31, 2016	4,478		4,514
Inventories	1,408		1,587
Prepaid and other current assets	1,610		1,592
Total current assets	28,592		19,588
Property, plant and equipment, net	3,012		2,865
Long-term deferred tax assets	1,137		1,259
Long-term marketable securities	15,480		20,485
Intangible assets, net	8,551		8,971
Goodwill	1,172		1,172
Other long-term assets	2,319		2,637
Total assets	$	60,263	$	56,977
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	819	$	1,206
Accrued government and other rebates	4,682		5,021
Other accrued liabilities	2,991		2,991
Total current liabilities	8,492		9,218
Long-term debt, net	26,296		26,346
Long-term income taxes payable	1,942		1,753
Other long-term obligations	442		297
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share; 5 shares authorized; none outstanding	—		—
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share; shares authorized of 5,600 at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016; shares issued and outstanding of 1,306 at June 30, 2017 and 1,310 at December 31, 2016	1		1
Additional paid-in capital	733		454
Accumulated other comprehensive income	120		278
Retained earnings	21,823		18,154
Total Gilead stockholders’ equity	22,677		18,887
Noncontrolling interest	414		476
Total stockholders’ equity	23,091		19,363
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	60,263	$	56,977

See accompanying notes.

GILEAD SCIENCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(unaudited)

(in millions, except per share amounts)



	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Revenues:
Product sales	$	7,046		$	7,651		$	13,423		$	15,332
Royalty, contract and other revenues	95			125			223			238
Total revenues	7,141			7,776			13,646			15,570
Costs and expenses:
Cost of goods sold	1,126			864			2,083			2,057
Research and development expenses	864			1,484			1,795			2,749
Selling, general and administrative expenses	897			890			1,747			1,575
Total costs and expenses	2,887			3,238			5,625			6,381
Income from operations	4,254			4,538			8,021			9,189
Interest expense	(269		)	(227		)	(530		)	(457		)
Other income (expense), net	130			88			241			169
Income before provision for income taxes	4,115			4,399			7,732			8,901
Provision for income taxes	1,046			902			1,964			1,837
Net income	3,069			3,497			5,768			7,064
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest	(4		)	—			(7		)	1
Net income attributable to Gilead	$	3,073		$	3,497		$	5,775		$	7,063
Net income per share attributable to Gilead common stockholders - basic	$	2.35		$	2.62		$	4.42		$	5.20
Shares used in per share calculation - basic	1,307			1,335			1,307			1,359
Net income per share attributable to Gilead common stockholders - diluted	$	2.33		$	2.58		$	4.38		$	5.11
Shares used in per share calculation - diluted	1,317			1,355			1,319			1,383
Cash dividends declared per share	$	0.52		$	0.47		$	1.04		$	0.90

See accompanying notes.

GILEAD SCIENCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(unaudited)

(in millions)



	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net income	$	3,069		$	3,497		$	5,768		$	7,064
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Net foreign currency translation gains (losses), net of tax	29			9			(47		)	11
Available-for-sale securities:
Net unrealized gains (losses), net of tax impact of $1, $(12), $3 and $18, respectively	(58		)	154			126			130
Reclassifications to net income, net of tax impact of $(8), $0, $(8) and $0, respectively	(9		)	(2		)	(6		)	(2		)
Net change	(67		)	152			120			128
Cash flow hedges:
Net unrealized losses, net of tax impact of $(2), $(1), $(9) and $(11), respectively	(115		)	(54		)	(202		)	(204		)
Reclassifications to net income, net of tax impact of $0, $(1), $(1) and $(7), respectively	13			11			(29		)	(69		)
Net change	(102		)	(43		)	(231		)	(273		)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(140		)	118			(158		)	(134		)
Comprehensive income	2,929			3,615			5,610			6,930
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest	(4		)	—			(7		)	1
Comprehensive income attributable to Gilead	$	2,933		$	3,615		$	5,617		$	6,929

See accompanying notes.

GILEAD SCIENCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)

(in millions)



	Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2017			2016
Operating Activities:
Net income	$	5,768		$	7,064
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation expense	103			85
Amortization expense	489			482
Stock-based compensation expense	191			183
Deferred income taxes	138			(116		)
In-process research and development impairment	—			114
Other	189			118
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	118			190
Inventories	(14		)	(97		)
Prepaid expenses and other	145			(335		)
Accounts payable	(399		)	(67		)
Income taxes payable	72			645
Accrued liabilities	(349		)	849
Net cash provided by operating activities	6,451			9,115

Investing Activities:
Purchases of marketable securities	(13,269		)	(12,022		)
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities	7,629			6,583
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities	1,942			784
Other investments	—			(357		)
Capital expenditures	(241		)	(381		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(3,939		)	(5,393		)

Financing Activities:
Proceeds from debt financing, net of issuance costs	—			349
Proceeds from convertible note hedges	—			956
Proceeds from issuances of common stock	119			120
Repurchases of common stock	(695		)	(9,001		)
Repayments of debt and other obligations	(60		)	(1,246		)
Payments of dividends	(1,367		)	(1,213		)
Other	(121		)	(139		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(2,124		)	(10,174		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	95			86
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	483			(6,366		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	8,229			12,851
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	8,712		$	6,485

See accompanying notes.

GILEAD SCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)


1.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information. The financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments that the management of Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Gilead, we, our or us) believes are necessary for a fair presentation of the periods presented. These interim financial results are not necessarily indicative of results expected for the full fiscal year or for any subsequent interim period.

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Gilead, our wholly-owned subsidiaries and certain variable interest entities for which we are the primary beneficiary. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated. For consolidated entities where we own or are exposed to less than 100% of the economics, we record net income or loss attributable to noncontrolling interest in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income equal to the percentage of the economic or ownership interest retained in such entities by the respective noncontrolling parties.

We assess whether we are the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (VIE) at the inception of the arrangement and at each reporting date. This assessment is based on our power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and our obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. As of June 30, 2017, the only material VIE was our joint venture with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (BMS) which is described in Note 7, Collaborative Arrangements.

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2016, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Significant Accounting Policies, Estimates and Judgments

The preparation of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our significant accounting policies and estimates. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various market specific and other relevant assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Estimates are assessed each period and updated to reflect current information. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates.

Concentrations of Risk

We are subject to credit risk from our portfolio of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. Under our investment policy, we limit amounts invested in such securities by credit rating, maturity, industry group, investment type and issuer, except for securities issued by the U.S. government. We are not exposed to any significant concentrations of credit risk from these financial instruments. The goals of our investment policy, in order of priority, are as follows: safety and preservation of principal and diversification of risk, liquidity of investments sufficient to meet cash flow requirements and a competitive after-tax rate of return.

We are also subject to credit risk from our accounts receivable related to our product sales. The majority of our trade accounts receivable arises from product sales in the United States and Europe. To date, we have not experienced significant losses with respect to the collection of our accounts receivable. We believe that our allowance for doubtful accounts was adequate at June 30, 2017.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-17 (ASU 2015-17) “Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes.” We adopted this standard on a retrospective basis in the first quarter of 2017. ASU 2015-17 requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet. As a result, our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2016 was retrospectively adjusted, resulting in a reduction in Total current assets of $857 million and an increase in Long-term deferred tax assets of $857 million. The resulting reclassification of our deferred tax liabilities was not material.

In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09 (ASU 2016-09) “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” We adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2017. One aspect of the standard requires that

excess tax benefits and deficiencies that arise upon vesting or exercise of share-based awards be recognized in the income statement, on a prospective basis. Under previous guidance, the tax effects were recorded in additional paid-in capital. As a result, we recognized $13 million and $33 million of excess tax benefits in Provision for income taxes on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. The resulting impact to the shares used in the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 was not material. Additionally, as allowed by the standard, we elected to continue to estimate potential forfeitures.

Another aspect of ASU 2016-09 amends the presentation of certain share-based payment items on the statement of cash flows, which we adopted on a retrospective basis. As a result, our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2016 was adjusted to (a) reclassify $127 million of excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation from Net cash used in financing activities to Net cash provided by operating activities and (b) reclassify $135 million of employee taxes paid to tax authorities when we withheld shares to meet the minimum statutory withholding requirement from changes in Accrued liabilities within Net cash provided by operating activities to Other within Net cash used in financing activities.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09 (ASU 2014-09) “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” The standard’s core principle is that a reporting entity will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard will become effective for us beginning in the first quarter of 2018. Early adoption is permitted in 2017. Entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach to adopt this new guidance. The FASB issued supplemental adoption guidance and clarification to ASU 2014-09 in March 2016, April 2016, May 2016 and December 2016 within ASU 2016-08 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Principal vs. Agent Considerations,” ASU 2016-10 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing,” ASU 2016-12 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients” and ASU 2016-20 “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” respectively. We expect to adopt these standards using the modified retrospective approach. The cumulative effect of adopting these standards will be recorded to retained earnings on January 1, 2018. We have completed our initial assessment of the effect of adoption. Based on this assessment, we expect changes in our revenue recognition policy relating to royalty revenues and certain other revenues that are currently recognized on a cash basis or sell through method. Upon adoption of these standards, these revenues will be recognized in the periods in which the sales occur, subject to the constraint on variable consideration. We currently do not expect that adopting these standards will have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-01(ASU 2016-01) “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” ASU 2016-01 changes accounting for equity investments, financial liabilities under the fair value option and the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. In addition, it clarified guidance related to the valuation allowance assessment when recognizing deferred tax assets resulting from unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities. The guidance will become effective for us beginning in the first quarter of 2018 and must be adopted using a modified retrospective approach, with certain exceptions. Early adoption is permitted for certain provisions. We plan to adopt this guidance in the first quarter of 2018. We expect an impact primarily related to the recognition and measurement of our available-for-sale equity securities; however, the impact of the adoption of this standard on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements will depend on the fair value of our equity securities as of the date of the adoption.

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02 (ASU 2016-02) “Leases.” ASU 2016-02 amends a number of aspects of lease accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize almost all leases with a term greater than one year as a right-of-use asset and corresponding liability, measured at the present value of the lease payments. The guidance will become effective for us beginning in the first quarter of 2019 and is required to be adopted using a modified retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard, and we anticipate recognition of additional assets and corresponding liabilities related to leases on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13 (ASU 2016-13) “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” ASU 2016-13 requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets. This guidance will become effective for us beginning in the first quarter of 2020 and must be adopted using a modified retrospective approach, with certain exceptions. Early adoption is permitted beginning in the first quarter of 2019. We are evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-01 (ASU 2017-01) “Clarifying the Definition of a Business.” ASU 2017-01 clarifies the definition of a business when evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions or disposals of assets or businesses. This guidance will become effective for us beginning in the first quarter of 2018 and is required to be adopted on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. We anticipate that the adoption of this guidance will result in more transactions being accounted for as asset acquisitions rather than business acquisitions.

In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-04 (ASU 2017-04) “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” ASU 2017-04 simplifies the goodwill impairment test. Under the new guidance, goodwill impairment will be measured by the amount by which the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, without exceeding the carrying amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. This guidance will be effective for us beginning in the first quarter of 2020 and is required to be adopted on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. We currently do not expect that adopting this standard will have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In February 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-05 (ASU 2017-05) “Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets.” ASU 2017-05 clarifies the scope of the derecognition of nonfinancial assets, defines in substance financial assets, adds guidance for partial sales of nonfinancial assets and clarifies the recognition of gains and losses from the transfer of nonfinancial assets in contracts with noncustomers. This guidance will become effective for us beginning in the first quarter of 2018 and may be adopted using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. We are required to adopt the amendments in this standard at the same time that we adopt the amendments in ASU 2014-09. We plan to adopt this guidance in the first quarter of 2018 using a modified retrospective approach. We are evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.


2.	FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

We determine the fair value of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities using the fair value hierarchy, which establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value, as follows:


•	Level 1 inputs which include quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•

Level 2 inputs which include observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. For our marketable securities, we review trading activity and pricing as of the measurement date. When sufficient quoted pricing for identical securities is not available, we use market pricing and other observable market inputs for similar securities obtained from various third-party data providers. These inputs either represent quoted prices for similar assets in active markets or have been derived from observable market data; and

•

Level 3 inputs which include unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the underlying asset or liability. Our Level 3 assets and liabilities include those whose fair value measurements are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar valuation techniques and significant management judgment or estimation.

Our financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable, foreign currency exchange contracts, equity securities, accounts payable and long-term debt. Cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, foreign currency exchange contracts and equity securities are reported at their respective fair values on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Long-term debt is reported at its amortized costs on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The remaining financial instruments are reported on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at amounts that approximate current fair values. There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 in the periods presented.

The following table summarizes the types of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy (in millions):



	June 30, 2017								December 31, 2016
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Corporate debt securities	$	—	$	14,244	$	—	$	14,244	$	—	$	12,603	$	—	$	12,603
U.S. treasury securities	4,227		—		—		4,227		5,529		—		—		5,529
Money market funds	5,989		—		—		5,989		5,464		—		—		5,464
Residential mortgage and asset-backed securities	—		3,835		—		3,835		—		3,602		—		3,602
U.S. government agencies securities	—		1,035		—		1,035		—		975		—		975
Certificates of deposit	—		4,704		—		4,704		—		943		—		943
Non-U.S. government securities	—		705		—		705		—		720		—		720
Municipal debt securities	—		—		—		—		—		27		—		27
Equity securities	514		—		—		514		428		—		—		428
Foreign currency derivative contracts	—		51		—		51		—		336		—		336
Deferred compensation plan	101		—		—		101		84		—		—		84
Total	$	10,831	$	24,574	$	—	$	35,405	$	11,505	$	19,206	$	—	$	30,711

Liabilities:
Deferred compensation plan	$	101	$	—	$	—	$	101	$	84	$	—	$	—	$	84
Foreign currency derivative contracts	—		55		—		55		—		37		—		37
Contingent consideration	—		—		23		23		—		—		25		25
Total	$	101	$	55	$	23	$	179	$	84	$	37	$	25	$	146

Level 2 Inputs

We estimate the fair values of Level 2 instruments by taking into consideration valuations obtained from third-party pricing services. The pricing services utilize industry standard valuation models, including both income- and market-based approaches, for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, to estimate fair value. These inputs include reported trades of and broker/dealer quotes on the same or similar securities, issuer credit spreads, benchmark securities, prepayment/default projections based on historical data and other observable inputs.

Substantially all of our foreign currency derivative contracts have maturities within an 18-month time horizon and all are with counterparties that have a minimum credit rating of A- or equivalent by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. or Fitch, Inc. We estimate the fair values of these contracts by taking into consideration valuations obtained from a third-party valuation service that utilizes an income-based industry standard valuation model for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly. These inputs include foreign currency exchange rates, London Interbank Offered Rates (LIBOR) and swap rates. These inputs, where applicable, are at commonly quoted intervals.

The total estimated fair values of our long-term debt, determined using Level 2 inputs based on their quoted market values, were approximately $27.8 billion and $27.0 billion at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and the carrying values were $26.3 billion at both June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Level 3 Inputs

As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the only assets or liabilities that were measured using Level 3 inputs on a recurring basis were our contingent consideration liabilities, which were immaterial.

Our policy is to recognize transfers into or out of Level 3 classification as of the actual date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer.


3.	AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE SECURITIES

Estimated fair values of available-for-sale securities are generally based on prices obtained from commercial pricing services. The following table summarizes our available-for-sale securities (in millions):



	June 30, 2017									December 31, 2016
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
Corporate debt securities	$	14,266	$	9	$	(31	)	$	14,244	$	12,657	$	7	$	(61	)	$	12,603
U.S. treasury securities	4,252		—		(25		)	4,227		5,558		1		(30		)	5,529
Money market funds	5,989		—		—			5,989		5,464		—		—			5,464
Residential mortgage and asset-backed securities	3,844		1		(10		)	3,835		3,613		2		(13		)	3,602
U.S. government agencies securities	1,040		—		(5		)	1,035		981		—		(6		)	975
Certificates of deposit	4,704		—		—			4,704		943		—		—			943
Non-U.S. government securities	708		—		(3		)	705		725		—		(5		)	720
Municipal debt securities	—		—		—			—		27		—		—			27
Equity securities	357		157		—			514		357		71		—			428
Total	$	35,160	$	167	$	(74	)	$	35,253	$	30,325	$	81	$	(115	)	$	30,291

The following table summarizes the classification of our available-for-sale securities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions):



	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents	$	6,875	$	5,712
Short-term marketable securities	12,384		3,666
Prepaid and other current assets	514		—
Long-term marketable securities	15,480		20,485
Other long-term assets	—		428
Total	$	35,253	$	30,291

Cash and cash equivalents in the table above excludes cash of $1.8 billion and $2.5 billion as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

The following table summarizes our available-for-sale securities by contractual maturity (in millions):



	June 30, 2017
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Within one year	$	19,267	$	19,259
After one year through five years	15,325		15,270
After five years through ten years	156		155
After ten years	55		55
Total	$	34,803	$	34,739

The following table summarizes our available-for-sale securities that were in a continuous unrealized loss position but were not deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired (in millions):



	Less Than 12 Months					12 Months or Greater					Total
	Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
June 30, 2017
Corporate debt securities	$	(31	)	$	7,901	$	—		$	32	$	(31	)	$	7,933
U.S. treasury securities	(25		)	4,031		—			—		(25		)	4,031
Residential mortgage and asset-backed securities	(10		)	2,911		—			21		(10		)	2,932
U.S. government agencies securities	(5		)	980		—			—		(5		)	980
Non-U.S. government securities	(3		)	705		—			—		(3		)	705
Certificates of deposit	—			37		—			—		—			37
Total	$	(74	)	$	16,565	$	—		$	53	$	(74	)	$	16,618

December 31, 2016
Corporate debt securities	$	(60	)	$	8,685	$	(1	)	$	155	$	(61	)	$	8,840
U.S. treasury securities	(30		)	5,081		—			—		(30		)	5,081
Residential mortgage and asset-backed securities	(13		)	2,180		—			42		(13		)	2,222
U.S. government agencies securities	(6		)	897		—			—		(6		)	897
Non-U.S. government securities	(5		)	714		—			5		(5		)	719
Certificates of deposit	—			15		—			—		—			15
Municipal debt securities	—			11		—			—		—			11
Total	$	(114	)	$	17,583	$	(1	)	$	202	$	(115	)	$	17,785

We held a total of 2,303 and 2,709 positions as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, related to our debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position.

Based on our review of our available-for-sale securities, we believe we had no other-than-temporary impairments on these securities as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, because we do not intend to sell these securities nor do we believe that we will be required to sell these securities before the recovery of their amortized cost basis. Gross realized gains and gross realized losses were immaterial for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.


4.	DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Our operations in foreign countries expose us to market risk associated with foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations between the U.S. dollar and various foreign currencies, primarily the Euro and Yen. In order to manage this risk, we may hedge a portion of our foreign currency exposures related to outstanding monetary assets and liabilities as well as forecasted product sales using foreign currency exchange forward or option contracts. In general, the market risk related to these contracts is offset by corresponding gains and losses on the hedged transactions. The credit risk associated with these contracts is driven by changes in interest and currency exchange rates and, as a result, varies over time. By working only with major banks and closely monitoring current market conditions, we seek to limit the risk that counterparties to these contracts may be unable to perform. We also seek to limit our risk of loss by entering into contracts that permit net settlement at maturity. Therefore, our overall risk of loss in the event of a counterparty default is limited to the amount of any unrecognized gains on outstanding contracts (i.e., those contracts that have a positive fair value) at the date of default. We do not enter into derivative contracts for trading purposes.

We hedge our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations for certain monetary assets and liabilities of our entities that are denominated in a non-functional currency. The derivative instruments we use to hedge this exposure are not designated as hedges and, as a result, changes in their fair value are recorded in Other income (expense), net, on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

We hedge our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations for forecasted product sales that are denominated in a non-functional currency. The derivative instruments we use to hedge this exposure are designated as cash flow hedges and have maturity dates of 18 months or less. Upon executing a hedging contract and quarterly thereafter, we assess prospective hedge effectiveness using regression analysis which calculates the change in cash flow as a result of the hedge instrument. On a quarterly basis, we assess retrospective hedge effectiveness using a dollar offset approach. We exclude time value from our effectiveness testing and recognize changes in the time value of the hedge in Other income (expense), net, on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The effective component of our hedge is recorded as an unrealized gain or loss on the hedging instrument

in Accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) within Stockholders’ equity on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and the gains or losses are reclassified into product sales when the hedged transactions affect earnings. The majority of gains and losses related to the hedged forecasted transactions reported in AOCI at June 30, 2017 are expected to be reclassified to product sales within 12 months.

The cash flow effects of our derivative contracts for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 are included within Net cash provided by operating activities on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

We had notional amounts on foreign currency exchange contracts outstanding of $4.4 billion and $6.2 billion at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

While all of our derivative contracts allow us the right to offset assets and liabilities, we have presented amounts on a gross basis. Under the International Swap Dealers Association, Inc. master agreements with the respective counterparties of the foreign currency exchange contracts, subject to applicable requirements, we are allowed to net settle transactions of the same currency with a single net amount payable by one party to the other. The following table summarizes the classification and fair values of derivative instruments on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions):



	June 30, 2017
	Asset Derivatives			Liability Derivatives
	Classification	Fair Value		Classification	Fair Value
Derivatives designated as hedges:
Foreign currency exchange contracts	Other current assets	$	14	Other accrued liabilities	$	(45	)
Foreign currency exchange contracts	Other long-term assets	—		Other long-term obligations	(10		)
Total derivatives designated as hedges		14			(55		)
Derivatives not designated as hedges:
Foreign currency exchange contracts	Other current assets	37		Other accrued liabilities	—
Total derivatives not designated as hedges		37			—
Total derivatives		$	51		$	(55	)



	December 31, 2016
	Asset Derivatives			Liability Derivatives
	Classification	Fair Value		Classification	Fair Value
Derivatives designated as hedges:
Foreign currency exchange contracts	Other current assets	$	225	Other accrued liabilities	$	(1	)
Foreign currency exchange contracts	Other long-term assets	20		Other long-term obligations	—
Total derivatives designated as hedges		245			(1		)
Derivatives not designated as hedges:
Foreign currency exchange contracts	Other current assets	81		Other accrued liabilities	(34		)
Foreign currency exchange contracts	Other long-term assets	10		Other long-term obligations	(2		)
Total derivatives not designated as hedges		91			(36		)
Total derivatives		$	336		$	(37	)

The following table summarizes the effect of our foreign currency exchange contracts on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (in millions):



	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Derivatives designated as hedges:
Losses recognized in AOCI (effective portion)	$	(117	)	$	(55	)	$	(211	)	$	(215	)
Gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into product sales (effective portion)	$	(13	)	$	(10	)	$	30		$	76
Gains recognized in Other income (expense), net (ineffective portion and amounts excluded from effectiveness testing)	$	9		$	13		$	22		$	27
Derivatives not designated as hedges:
Gains (losses) recognized in Other income (expense), net	$	25		$	(115	)	$	(110	)	$	(266	)

From time to time, we may discontinue cash flow hedges and, as a result, record related amounts in Other income (expense), net, on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. There were no material amounts recorded in Other income (expense), net, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 as a result of the discontinuance of cash flow hedges.

As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we held one type of financial instrument, derivative contracts related to foreign currency exchange contracts. The following table summarizes the potential effect of offsetting derivatives by type of financial instrument on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions):



									Gross Amounts Not Offset on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
Description	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets/Liabilities			Gross Amounts Offset on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets		Amounts of Assets/Liabilities Presented on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets			Derivative Financial Instruments			Cash Collateral Received/ Pledged		Net Amount (Legal Offset)
As of June 30, 2017
Derivative assets	$	51		$	—	$	51		$	(29	)	$	—	$	22
Derivative liabilities	(55		)	—		(55		)	29			—		(26		)
As of December 31, 2016
Derivative assets	$	336		$	—	$	336		$	(37	)	$	—	$	299
Derivative liabilities	(37		)	—		(37		)	37			—		—


5.	OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Inventories

Inventories are summarized as follows (in millions):



	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Raw materials	$	1,490	$	1,610
Work in process	767		626
Finished goods	857		928
Total	$	3,114	$	3,164

Reported as:
Inventories	$	1,408	$	1,587
Other long-term assets	1,706		1,577
Total	$	3,114	$	3,164

Amounts reported as other long-term assets primarily consisted of raw materials as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

The joint ventures formed by Gilead Sciences, LLC and BMS, which are included on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and described in Note 7, Collaborative Arrangements, held efavirenz active pharmaceutical ingredient in inventory.

This efavirenz inventory was purchased from BMS at BMS’s estimated net selling price of efavirenz and totaled $921 million and $1.1 billion as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Other accrued liabilities

The components of Other accrued liabilities are summarized as follows (in millions):



	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Branded prescription drug fee	$	546	$	481
Compensation and employee benefits	318		398
Accrued interest	298		290
Other accrued expenses	1,829		1,822
Total	$	2,991	$	2,991


6.	INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The following table summarizes our finite-lived intangible assets (in millions):



	June 30, 2017						December 31, 2016
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Intangible asset - sofosbuvir	$	10,720	$	2,505	$	8,215	$	10,720	$	2,156	$	8,564
Intangible asset - Ranexa	688		517		171		688		467		221
Other	455		290		165		455		269		186
Total	$	11,863	$	3,312	$	8,551	$	11,863	$	2,892	$	8,971

Amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets, included primarily in Cost of goods sold on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, totaled $210 million and $420 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and $210 million and $420 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016. As of June 30, 2017, the estimated future amortization expense associated with our finite-lived intangible assets is as follows (in millions):



Fiscal Year	Amount
2017 (remaining six months)	$	419
2018	850
2019	739
2020	713
2021	713
Thereafter	5,117
Total	$	8,551


7.	COLLABORATIVE ARRANGEMENTS

We enter into collaborative arrangements with third parties for the development and commercialization of certain products. Both parties are active participants in the operating activities of the collaboration and are exposed to significant risks and rewards depending on the commercial success of the activities. Selected information related to our collaborative arrangements follows.

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company

North America

In 2004, we entered into a collaboration arrangement with BMS to develop and commercialize a single-tablet regimen containing our Truvada and BMS’s Sustiva (efavirenz) in the United States. This combination was approved for use in the United States in 2006 and is sold under the brand name Atripla. We and BMS structured this collaboration as a joint venture that operates as a limited liability company named Bristol-Myers Squibb & Gilead Sciences, LLC, which we consolidate. We and BMS granted royalty-free sublicenses to the joint venture for the use of our respective company owned technologies and, in return, were granted a license by the joint venture to use any intellectual property that results from the collaboration. In 2006, we and BMS amended the joint venture’s collaboration agreement to allow the joint venture to sell Atripla in Canada. The economic interests of the joint venture held by us and BMS (including a share of revenues and out-of-pocket expenses) are based on the portion of the net selling

price of Atripla attributable to efavirenz and Truvada. Since the net selling price for Truvada may change over time relative to the net selling price of efavirenz, both our and BMS’s respective economic interests in the joint venture may vary annually.

We and BMS shared marketing and sales efforts. Starting in the second quarter of 2011, except for a limited number of activities that are jointly managed, the parties no longer coordinate detailing and promotional activities in the United States, and the parties reduced their joint promotional efforts since we launched Complera in August 2011 and Stribild in August 2012. The parties continue to collaborate on activities such as manufacturing, regulatory, compliance and pharmacovigilance. The daily operations of the joint venture are governed by several joint committees formed by both BMS and Gilead. We are responsible for accounting, financial reporting, tax reporting, manufacturing and product distribution for the joint venture. Both parties provide their respective bulk active pharmaceutical ingredients to the joint venture at their approximate market values. The agreement will continue until terminated by the mutual agreement of the parties. In addition, either party may terminate the other party’s participation in the collaboration within 30 days after the launch of at least one generic version of such other party’s single agent products (or the double agent products). The terminating party then has the right to continue to sell Atripla and become the continuing party, but will be obligated to pay the terminated party certain royalties for a three-year period following the effective date of the termination. The loss of exclusivity in the United States for Sustiva is expected in December 2017.

As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the joint venture held efavirenz active pharmaceutical ingredient which it purchased from BMS at BMS’s estimated net selling price of efavirenz in the U.S. market. These amounts were primarily included in Inventories on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Selected financial information for the joint venture was as follows (in millions):



	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Total assets	$	1,840	$	1,918
Cash and cash equivalents	81		92
Accounts receivable, net	167		229
Inventories	1,581		1,579
Total liabilities	842		772
Accounts payable	511		434
Other accrued liabilities	331		338

These asset and liability amounts do not reflect the impact of intercompany eliminations that are included on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Although we consolidate the joint venture, the legal structure of the joint venture limits the recourse that its creditors will have over our general credit or assets. Similarly, the assets held in the joint venture can be used only to settle obligations of the joint venture.

Europe

In 2007, Gilead Sciences Ireland UC, our wholly-owned subsidiary, and BMS entered into a collaboration agreement which sets forth the terms and conditions under which we and BMS commercialize and distribute Atripla in the European Union, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland (collectively, the European Territory). The parties formed a limited liability company, which we consolidate, to manufacture Atripla for distribution in the European Territory using efavirenz that it purchases from BMS at BMS’s estimated net selling price of efavirenz in the European Territory. We are responsible for manufacturing, product distribution, inventory management and warehousing. Through our local subsidiaries, we have primary responsibility for order fulfillment, collection of receivables, customer relations and handling of sales returns in all the territories where we and BMS promote Atripla. In general, the parties share revenues and out-of-pocket expenses in proportion to the net selling prices of the components of Atripla, Truvada and efavirenz.

Starting in 2012, except for a limited number of activities that are jointly managed, the parties no longer coordinate detailing and promotional activities in the European Territory. We are responsible for accounting, financial reporting and tax reporting for the collaboration. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, efavirenz purchased from BMS at BMS’s estimated net selling price of efavirenz in the European Territory is included in Inventories on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The parties also formed a limited liability company to hold the marketing authorization for Atripla in the European Territory. We have primary responsibility for regulatory activities. In the major market countries, both parties have agreed to independently continue to use commercially reasonable efforts to promote Atripla.

The agreement will terminate upon the expiration of the last-to-expire patent which affords market exclusivity to Atripla or one of its components in the European Territory. In addition, since December 31, 2013, either party may terminate the agreement for any reason and such termination will be effective two calendar quarters after notice of termination. The non-terminating party has the right to continue to sell Atripla and become the continuing party, but will be obligated to pay the terminating party certain royalties for a three-year period following the effective date of the termination. In the event the continuing party decides not to

sell Atripla, the effective date of the termination will be the date Atripla is withdrawn in each country or the date on which a third party assumes distribution of Atripla, whichever is earlier.


8.	DEBT AND CREDIT FACILITY

The following table summarizes our borrowings under various financing arrangements (in millions):



				Carrying Amount
Type of Borrowing	Issue Date	Due Date	Interest Rate	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Senior Unsecured	September 2015	September 2018	1.85%	$	999	$	998
Senior Unsecured	March 2014	April 2019	2.05%	499		499
Senior Unsecured	November 2014	February 2020	2.35%	498		498
Senior Unsecured	September 2015	September 2020	2.55%	1,993		1,991
Senior Unsecured	March 2011	April 2021	4.50%	995		994
Senior Unsecured	December 2011	December 2021	4.40%	1,246		1,245
Senior Unsecured	September 2016	March 2022	1.95%	497		497
Senior Unsecured	September 2015	September 2022	3.25%	996		995
Senior Unsecured	September 2016	September 2023	2.50%	744		744
Senior Unsecured	March 2014	April 2024	3.70%	1,742		1,741
Senior Unsecured	November 2014	February 2025	3.50%	1,743		1,743
Senior Unsecured	September 2015	March 2026	3.65%	2,727		2,726
Senior Unsecured	September 2016	March 2027	2.95%	1,244		1,243
Senior Unsecured	September 2015	September 2035	4.60%	989		989
Senior Unsecured	September 2016	September 2036	4.00%	739		739
Senior Unsecured	December 2011	December 2041	5.65%	995		995
Senior Unsecured	March 2014	April 2044	4.80%	1,733		1,732
Senior Unsecured	November 2014	February 2045	4.50%	1,729		1,729
Senior Unsecured	September 2015	March 2046	4.75%	2,214		2,214
Senior Unsecured	September 2016	March 2047	4.15%	1,723		1,723
Floating-rate Borrowings	May 2016	May 2019	Variable	251		311
Total debt, net				26,296		26,346
Less current portion				—		—
Total long-term debt, net				$	26,296	$	26,346

We are required to comply with certain covenants under our credit agreement and note indentures governing our senior notes. As of June 30, 2017, we were not in violation of any covenants. Additionally, as of June 30, 2017, there were no amounts outstanding under our revolving credit facility.


9.	COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

We are a party to various legal actions. The most significant of these are described below. We recognize accruals for such actions to the extent that we conclude that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable. We accrue for the best estimate of a loss within a range; however, if no estimate in the range is better than any other, then we accrue the minimum amount in the range. If we determine that a loss is reasonably possible and the loss or range of loss can be estimated, we disclose the possible loss. Unless otherwise noted, it is not possible to determine the outcome of these matters, and we cannot reasonably estimate the maximum potential exposure or the range of possible loss.

We did not recognize any accruals for litigation on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, as we did not believe losses were probable.

Litigation Related to Sofosbuvir

In January 2012, we acquired Pharmasset, Inc. (Pharmasset). Through the acquisition, we acquired sofosbuvir, a nucleotide analog that acts to inhibit the replication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). In December 2013, we received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for sofosbuvir, now known commercially as Sovaldi. In October 2014, we also received

approval of the fixed-dose combination of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir, now known commercially as Harvoni. In June 2016, we received approval of the fixed-dose combination of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir, now known commercially as Epclusa. In July 2017, we received approval of the fixed-dose combination of sofosbuvir, velpatasvir and voxilaprevir, now known commercially as Vosevi. We have received a number of contractual and intellectual property claims regarding sofosbuvir. While we have carefully considered these claims both prior to and following the acquisition and believe they are without merit, we cannot predict the ultimate outcome of such claims or range of loss, except where stated otherwise herein.

We own patents and patent applications that claim sofosbuvir (Sovaldi) as a chemical entity and its metabolites and the fixed-dose combinations of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir (Harvoni), sofosbuvir and velpatasvir (Epclusa) and sofosbuvir, velpatasvir and voxilaprevir (Vosevi). Third parties may have, or may obtain rights to, patents that allegedly could be used to prevent or attempt to prevent us from commercializing our HCV products. For example, we are aware of patents and patent applications owned by other parties that have been or may in the future be alleged by such parties to cover the use of our HCV products. We cannot predict the ultimate outcome of intellectual property claims related to our HCV products. We have spent, and will continue to spend, significant resources defending against these claims.

If third parties successfully obtain valid and enforceable patents, and successfully prove infringement of those patents by our HCV products, we could be prevented from selling these products unless we were able to obtain a license under such patents. Such a license may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

Interference Proceedings and Litigation with Idenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Idenix), Universita Degli Studi di Cagliari (UDSG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and L‘Universite Montpellier II

In February 2012, we received notice that the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) had declared Interference No. 105,871 (First Idenix Interference) between our U.S. Patent No. 7,429,572 (the ‘572 patent) and Idenix’s pending U.S. Patent Application No. 12/131,868 to determine who was the first to invent certain nucleoside compounds. In January 2014, the USPTO Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) determined that Pharmasset and not Idenix was the first to invent the compounds. Idenix has appealed the PTAB’s decisions to the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware, which has stayed that appeal pending the outcome of the appeal of the interference involving Idenix’s U.S. Patent No. 7,608,600 (the ‘600 patent) as described below. In light of the decision in the Second Idenix Interference in our favor (as described below), we believe that the District Court will dismiss the First Idenix Interference with prejudice or enter judgment against Idenix and in our favor.

In December 2013, after receiving our request to do so, the USPTO declared Interference No. 105,981 (Second Idenix Interference) between our pending U.S. Patent Application No. 11/854,218 and Idenix’s ‘600 patent. The ‘600 patent includes claims directed to methods of treating HCV with nucleoside compounds. In March 2015, the PTAB determined that Pharmasset and not Idenix was the first to invent the claimed methods of treating HCV. Idenix appealed this decision in both the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC). The CAFC heard oral arguments in September 2016 and affirmed the PTAB decision in June 2017. Idenix may file further petitions in the Federal Circuit or the Supreme Court. We filed a motion to dismiss the appeal in Delaware, which was granted. Idenix appealed the dismissal to the CAFC, and that court had stayed this other appeal pending a decision in the Second Idenix Interference. We believe that the appeal from the Delaware dismissal should be dismissed in light of the recent decision of the CAFC affirming the PTAB’s prior decision in the Second Idenix Interference that Idenix is not entitled to its patent.

We believe that the Idenix claims involved in the First and Second Idenix Interferences, and similar U.S. and foreign patents claiming the same compounds, metabolites and uses thereof, are invalid. As a result, we filed an Impeachment Action in the Federal Court of Canada to invalidate Idenix Canadian Patent No. 2,490,191 (the ‘191 patent), which is the Canadian patent that corresponds to the ‘600 patent. Idenix asserted that the commercialization of Sovaldi in Canada will infringe its ‘191 patent and that our Canadian Patent No. 2,527,657, corresponding to our ‘572 patent, is invalid. In November 2015, the Canadian court held that Idenix’s patent is invalid and that our patent is valid. Idenix appealed the decision to the Canadian Federal Court of Appeal in November 2015. In July 2017, the Canadian Federal Appeal Court affirmed the lower court’s decision in our favor. Idenix may appeal the decision to the Supreme Court of Canada.

We filed a similar legal action in Norway in the Oslo District Court seeking to invalidate Idenix’s Norwegian patent corresponding to the ‘600 patent. In September 2013, Idenix filed an invalidation action in the Norwegian proceedings against our Norwegian Patent No. 333700, which corresponds to the ‘572 patent. In March 2014, the Norwegian court found all claims in the Idenix Norwegian patent to be invalid and upheld the validity of all claims in our patent. Idenix appealed the decision to the Norwegian Court of Appeal. In April 2016, the Court of Appeal issued its decision invalidating the Idenix patent and upholding our patent. The decision revoking Idenix’s patent is now final.

In January 2013, we filed a legal action in the Federal Court of Australia seeking to invalidate Idenix’s Australian patent corresponding to the ‘600 patent. In April 2013, Idenix asserted that the commercialization of Sovaldi in Australia infringes its Australian patent corresponding to the ‘600 patent. In March 2016, the Australian court revoked Idenix’s Australian patent. Idenix has appealed this decision. The appeal hearing was held in November 2016 and we are awaiting the decision.

In March 2014, the European Patent Office (EPO) granted Idenix European Patent No. 1 523 489 (the ‘489 patent), which corresponds to the ‘600 patent. The same day that the ‘489 patent was granted, we filed an opposition with the EPO seeking to revoke the ‘489 patent. An opposition hearing was held in February 2016, and the EPO ruled in our favor and revoked the ‘489 patent. Idenix has appealed. In March 2014, Idenix also initiated infringement proceedings against us in the United Kingdom (UK), Germany and France alleging that the commercialization of Sovaldi would infringe the UK, German and French counterparts of the ‘489 patent. A trial was held in the UK in October 2014. In December 2014, the High Court of Justice of England and Wales (UK Court) invalidated all challenged claims of the ‘489 patent on multiple grounds. Idenix appealed. In November 2016, the appeals court affirmed the UK Court’s decision invalidating Idenix’s patent. In March 2015, the German court in Düsseldorf determined that the Idenix patent was highly likely to be invalid and stayed the infringement proceedings pending the outcome of the opposition hearing held by the EPO in February 2016. Idenix has not appealed this decision of the German court staying the proceedings. Upon Idenix’s request, the French proceedings have been stayed.

In December 2013, Idenix, Universita Degli Studi di Cagliari (UDSG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and L’Université Montpellier II sued us in U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that the commercialization of sofosbuvir will infringe the ‘600 patent and that an interference exists between the ‘600 patent and our U.S. Patent No. 8,415,322. Also in December 2013, Idenix and UDSG sued us in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts alleging that the commercialization of sofosbuvir will infringe U.S. Patent Nos. 6,914,054 (the ‘054 patent) and 7,608,597 (the ‘597 patent). In June 2014, the court transferred the Massachusetts litigation to the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware. Idenix was acquired by Merck & Co. Inc. (Merck) in August 2014.

Prior to trial in December 2016, Idenix committed to give us a covenant not to sue with respect to any claims arising out of the ‘054 patent related to sofosbuvir and withdrew that patent from the trial. In addition, Idenix declined to litigate the ‘600 patent infringement action at trial in light of the appeal then pending at the CAFC regarding who was the first to invent the subject matter claimed in the ‘600 patent. In January 2017, the District Court stayed Idenix’s infringement claim on the ‘600 patent pending the outcome of the appeal of the interference decision on that patent (the Second Idenix Interference), described above. Unless Idenix is successful in persuading the Federal Circuit or the Supreme Court to consider a further appeal to challenge the Federal Circuit’s June 2017 decision in our favor in the Second Idenix Interference, we will ask for dismissal of, or for judgment to be entered against Idenix on, the ‘600 infringement and interference claims. A jury trial was held in December 2016 on the remaining ‘597 patent. In December 2016, the jury found that we willfully infringed the asserted claims of the ‘597 patent and awarded Idenix $2.54 billion in past damages. The parties have filed post-trial motions and briefings, and the district judge has set oral argument for September 2017. We expect the judge to rule in late 2017 or early 2018. Once the judge has issued these rulings, the case will move to the CAFC.

Although we cannot predict with certainty the ultimate outcome of this litigation, we believe the jury verdict to be in error, and also believe that errors were also made by the court with respect to certain rulings before and during trial. We are confident in the merits of our case and will vigorously pursue this position in post-trial motions and on appeal. We expect that our arguments in the pending post-trial motions and on appeal will focus on one or more of the arguments that we made to the judge and jury, those being (i) when properly construed, Gilead does not infringe the claims of the ‘597 patent, (ii) the patent is invalid for failure to properly describe the claimed invention and (iii) the patent is invalid because it does not enable one of skill in the art to practice the claimed invention.

In assessing whether we should accrue a liability for this litigation on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, we considered various factors, including the legal and factual circumstances of the case, the USPTO’s invalidation of an Idenix patent similar to the ‘597 patent in dispute in this case, the jury’s verdict, the court’s post-trial orders, the current status of the proceedings, applicable law, the views of legal counsel and the likelihood that the jury’s verdict will be upheld on appeal. As a result of this review, we have determined, in accordance with applicable accounting standards, that it is not probable that we will incur a loss as a result of this litigation, and therefore have not recorded a liability for this matter. While we believe a loss is not probable, it is reasonably possible that a loss could occur. If the jury’s verdict is not upheld on appeal, the loss will be zero. If the jury’s verdict is upheld on appeal, our estimated potential loss as of June 30, 2017 would include (i) the $2.54 billion determined by the jury, which represents 10% of our adjusted revenues from sofosbuvir-containing products from launch through August 2016, (ii) approximately $269 million, which represents 10% of our adjusted revenues from sofosbuvir-containing products from September 2016 through January 25, 2017, (iii) pre- and post-judgment interest, (iv) enhanced damages of up to three times the sum of (i) and (ii) above as a result of the jury’s finding of willfulness, (v) approximately $371 million, which represents going forward royalties yet to be assessed by the court, which we have estimated assuming 14% of our adjusted revenues from sofosbuvir-containing products from January 26, 2017 through June 30, 2017 based on post-trial briefings filed by Idenix with the court, and which would be payable based on adjusted revenues from sofosbuvir-containing products for the period from January 26, 2017 through expiry of the Idenix patent in May 2021, and (vi) attorney’s fees. Therefore, we estimate the range of possible loss through June 30, 2017 to be between zero and $9.1 billion. The parties agreed to stay consideration of going forward royalties until the appeal from the jury verdict and post-trial motions has been resolved. We expect the judge to rule on any enhanced damages in the course of deciding the other post-trial motions. The court’s determination of enhanced damages, if any, can also be appealed.

If the jury’s verdict is upheld on appeal, the amount we could be required to pay could be material. The timing and magnitude of the amount of any such payment could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and stock price.

Litigation with Merck

In August 2013, Merck contacted us requesting that we pay royalties on the sales of sofosbuvir and obtain a license to U.S. Patent No. 7,105,499 (the ‘499 patent) and U.S. Patent No. 8,481,712 (the ‘712 patent), which it co-owns with Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The ‘499 and ‘712 patents cover compounds which do not include, but may relate to, sofosbuvir. We filed a lawsuit in August 2013 in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California seeking a declaratory judgment that the Merck patents are invalid and not infringed. During patent prosecution, Merck amended its patent application in an attempt to cover compounds related to sofosbuvir. Initially, in March 2016, a jury determined that we had not established that Merck’s patents are invalid for lack of written description or lack of enablement and awarded Merck $200 million in damages. However, in June 2016, the court ruled in our favor on our defense of unclean hands and determined that Merck may not recover any damages from us for the ‘499 and ‘712 patents. The judge has determined that Merck is required to pay our attorney’s fees due to the exceptional nature of this case. In July 2017, the court issued a decision setting the amount of attorney fees awarded to Gilead.

Merck has filed a notice of appeal to the CAFC regarding the court’s decision on our defense of unclean hands. We appealed the issue relating to the invalidity of Merck’s patent. If the decision on our defense of unclean hands is reversed on appeal and Merck’s patent is upheld, we may be required to pay damages and a royalty on sales of sofosbuvir-containing products following the appeal. In that event, the judge has indicated that she will determine the amount of the royalty, if necessary, at the conclusion of any appeal in this case.

Litigation with the University of Minnesota

The University of Minnesota (the University) has obtained Patent No. 8,815,830 (the ‘830 patent), which purports to broadly cover nucleosides with antiviral and anticancer activity. In August 2016, the University filed a lawsuit against us in the U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota, alleging that the commercialization of sofosbuvir-containing products infringes the ‘830 patent. We believe that the ‘830 patent is invalid and will not be infringed by the continued commercialization of sofosbuvir. We have filed a motion to dismiss and transfer the case to California. We have also filed two petitions for inter partes review in the USPTO alleging that all asserted claims are invalid for anticipation and obviousness.

European Patent Claims

In February 2015, several parties filed oppositions in the EPO requesting revocation of our granted European patent covering sofosbuvir that expires in 2028. In October 2016, the EPO upheld the validity of certain claims of our sofosbuvir patent. We have appealed this decision, seeking to restore all of the original claims, and several of the original opposing parties have also appealed, requesting full revocation. The appeal process may take several years.

In April 2017, several parties filed oppositions in the EPO requesting revocation of our granted European patent relating to sofosbuvir that expires in 2024.

In January 2016, several parties filed oppositions in the EPO requesting revocation of our granted European patent covering tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) that expires in 2021. In July 2017, the EPO upheld the validity of the claims of our TAF patent. We are awaiting a written decision from the EPO. The parties that filed the oppositions may appeal this decision. The appeal process may take several years.

In July 2017, several parties filed oppositions in the EPO requesting revocation of our granted European patent relating to TAF hemifumarate that expires in 2032.

In March 2017, a party filed opposition in the EPO requesting revocation of our granted European patent relating to Zydelig that expires in 2025.

In March 2016, three parties filed oppositions in the EPO requesting revocation of our granted European patent covering cobicistat that expires in 2027.

While we are confident in the strength of our patents, we cannot predict the ultimate outcome of these oppositions. If we are unsuccessful in defending these oppositions, some or all of our patent claims may be narrowed or revoked and the patent protection for sofosbuvir, TAF and cobicistat in Europe could be substantially shortened or eliminated entirely. If our patents are revoked, and no other European patents are granted covering these compounds, our exclusivity may be based entirely on regulatory exclusivity granted by the European Medicines Agency. Sovaldi has been granted regulatory exclusivity that will prevent generic sofosbuvir from entering the European Union for 10 years following approval of Sovaldi, or January 2024. If we lose patent protection for sofosbuvir prior to 2028, our revenues and results of operations could be negatively impacted for the years including and succeeding the year in which such exclusivity is lost, which may cause our stock price to decline.

Litigation with Generic Manufacturers

As part of the approval process for some of our products, FDA granted us a New Chemical Entity (NCE) exclusivity period during which other manufacturers’ applications for approval of generic versions of our product will not be approved. Generic manufacturers may challenge the patents protecting products that have been granted NCE exclusivity one year prior to the end of the NCE exclusivity period. Generic manufacturers have sought and may continue to seek FDA approval for a similar or identical drug through an abbreviated new drug application (ANDA), the application form typically used by manufacturers seeking approval of a generic drug. The sale of generic versions of our products earlier than their patent expiration would have a significant negative effect on our revenues and results of operations. To seek approval for a generic version of a product having NCE status, a generic company may submit its ANDA to FDA four years after the branded product’s approval. For sofosbuvir, this date falls in December 2017. Consequently, it is possible that one or more generics may file an ANDA for Sovaldi in December 2017.

Current legal proceedings of significance with generic manufacturers include:

HIV Products

In June 2014, we received notice that Apotex Inc. (Apotex) submitted an abbreviated new drug submission (ANDS) to Health Canada requesting permission to manufacture and market a generic version of Truvada and a separate ANDS requesting permission to manufacture and market a generic version of Viread. In the notice, Apotex alleges that three of the patents associated with Truvada and two of the patents associated with Viread are invalid, unenforceable and/or will not be infringed by Apotex’s manufacture, use or sale of a generic version of Truvada or Viread. In August 2014, we filed lawsuits against Apotex in the Federal Court of Canada seeking orders of prohibition against approval of these ANDS. A hearing in those cases was held in April 2016. In July 2016, the court issued an order prohibiting Health Canada from approving Apotex’s generic version of our Viread product until the expiry of our patents in July 2017. The court declined to prohibit approval of Apotex’s generic version of our Truvada product. The court’s decision did not rule on the validity of the patents. The launch of Apotex’s generic version of our Truvada product would be at risk of infringement of our patents, including patents that we were unable to assert in the present lawsuit, and liability for our damages. Apotex has appealed the court’s decision.

In February 2016, we received notice that Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Mylan) submitted an ANDA to FDA requesting permission to manufacture and market a generic version of Tybost (cobicistat). In the notice, Mylan alleges that the patent covering cobicistat is invalid as obvious and that Mylan’s generic product cannot infringe an invalid claim. In March 2016, we filed lawsuits against Mylan in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware and U.S. District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia. The trial in Delaware is scheduled for January 2018, and the parties have agreed to dismiss the action in West Virginia. The patent in suit that covers Tybost is also listed in the Orange Book for Stribild and Genvoya.

In February 2017, we received notice that Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC (Amneal) submitted an ANDA to FDA requesting permission to manufacture and market a generic version of Truvada. In the notice, Amneal alleges that two patents associated with emtricitabine and three patents associated with the emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) fixed dose combination are invalid, unenforceable and/or will not be infringed by Amneal’s manufacture, use or sale of a generic version of Truvada. In April 2017, we filed a lawsuit against Amneal in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey for infringement of our patents. In April 2017, we reached an agreement with Amneal to resolve the lawsuit. The settlement agreement has been filed with the Federal Trade Commission and Department of Justice as required by law.

In May 2017, we received notice that Amneal submitted an ANDA to FDA requesting permission to manufacture and market a generic version of Truvada at low dosage strengths. In the notice, Amneal alleges that two patents associated with emtricitabine are invalid, unenforceable and/or will not be infringed by Amneal’s manufacture, use or sale of generic versions of Truvada at low dosage strengths. In July 2017, we filed a lawsuit against Amneal in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware for infringement of our patents.

In June 2017, we received notice that Macleods Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Macleods) submitted ANDAs to FDA requesting permission to manufacture and market generic versions of Truvada and Atripla. In the notices, Macleods alleges that two patents associated with emtricitabine, three patents associated with the emtricitabine and TDF fixed dose combination and three patents associated with the emtricitabine, TDF and efavirenz fixed dose combination are invalid, unenforceable and/or will not be infringed by Macleod’s manufacture, use or sale of generic versions of Truvada or Atripla. In July 2017, we filed a lawsuit against Macleods in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware for infringement of these patents.

Letairis

of New Jersey for infringement of our patents. In May 2017, we reached an agreement with SigmaPharm to settle the litigation. The settlement agreement was filed with the Federal Trade Commission and Department of Justice as required by law.

We cannot predict the ultimate outcome of these actions, and we may spend significant resources enforcing and defending these patents. If we are unsuccessful in these lawsuits, some or all of our claims in the patents may be narrowed or invalidated and the patent protection for our products could be substantially shortened. Further, if all of the patents covering one or more products are invalidated, FDA or Health Canada could approve the requests to manufacture a generic version of such products in the United States or Canada, respectively, prior to the expiration date of those patents. The sale of generic versions of these products earlier than their patent expiration could have a significant negative effect on our revenues and results of operations.

TAF Litigation

In January 2016, AIDS Healthcare Foundation, Inc. (AHF) filed a complaint with the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California against Gilead, Japan Tobacco, Inc. and Japan Tobacco International, U.S.A. (together, JT), and Emory University (Emory). In April 2016, AHF amended its complaint to add Janssen and Johnson & Johnson Inc. (J&J) as defendants. AHF claims that U.S. Patent Nos. 7,390,791; 7,800,788; 8,754,065; 8,148,374; and 8,633,219 are invalid. In addition, AHF claims that Gilead, independently and together with JT, Akros, Janssen and J&J, is violating federal and state antitrust and unfair competition laws in the market for sales of TAF by offering TAF as part of a fixed-dose combination product with elvitegravir, cobicistat and emtricitabine (Genvoya), a fixed-dose combination product with elvitegravir and rilpivirine (Odefsey) and in a fixed-dosed combination product with elvitegravir (Descovy). AHF sought a declaratory judgment of invalidity against each of the patents as well as monetary damages. In May 2016, we, JT, Janssen, and J&J‎ filed motions to dismiss all of AHF’s claims, which AHF opposed. In June 2016, a hearing was held on the motions to dismiss. In July 2016, the judge granted our and the other defendants’ motions and dismissed all of AHF’s claims. AHF subsequently appealed the court’s decision dismissing the challenge to the validity of our TAF patents. The appeal hearing was held in June 2017, and we are awaiting a decision.

Department of Justice Investigations

In June 2011, we received a subpoena from the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Northern District of California requesting documents related to the manufacture, and related quality and distribution practices, of Complera, Atripla, Truvada, Viread, Emtriva, Hepsera and Letairis. We cooperated with the government’s inquiry. In April 2014, the U.S. Department of Justice informed us that, following an investigation, it declined to intervene in a False Claims Act lawsuit filed by two former employees. In April 2014, the former employees served a First Amended Complaint. In January 2015, the federal district court issued an order granting in its entirety, without prejudice, our motion to dismiss the First Amended Complaint. In February 2015, the plaintiffs filed a Second Amended Complaint and in June 2015, the federal district court issued an order granting our motion to dismiss the Second Amended Complaint. In July 2015, the plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. In July 2017, a three-judge panel of the Ninth Circuit reversed and remanded the case back to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. We plan to appeal the decision.

In February 2016, we received a subpoena from the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Massachusetts requesting documents related to our support of 501(c)(3) organizations that provide financial assistance to patients and documents concerning our provision of financial assistance to patients for our HCV products. Other companies have disclosed similar inquiries. We are cooperating with this inquiry.

Other Matters

We are a party to various legal actions that arose in the ordinary course of our business. We do not believe that these other legal actions will have a material adverse impact on our consolidated business, financial position or results of operations.


10.	STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

The following table summarizes the changes in stockholders’ equity (in millions):



	Gilead Stockholders’ Equity													Noncontrolling Interest			Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Common Stock				Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Retained Earnings
	Shares		Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Retained Earnings
Balance at December 31, 2016	1,310		$	1	$	454		$	278		$	18,154		$	476		$	19,363
Net income (loss)	—		—		—			—			5,775			(7		)	5,768
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—		—			(158		)	—			—			(158		)
Change in noncontrolling interest	—		—		—			—			—			(55		)	(55		)
Issuances under employee stock purchase plan	1		—		47			—			—			—			47
Issuances under equity incentive plans	6		—		66			—			—			—			66
Stock-based compensation	—		—		191			—			—			—			191
Repurchases of common stock	(11	)	—		(25		)	—			(736		)	—			(761		)
Dividends declared	—		—		—			—			(1,370		)	—			(1,370		)
Balance at June 30, 2017	1,306		$	1	$	733		$	120		$	21,823		$	414		$	23,091

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table summarizes the changes in AOCI by component, net of tax (in millions):



	Foreign Currency Translation			Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available-for-Sale Securities			Unrealized Gains and Losses on Cash Flow Hedges			Total
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	132		$	(16	)	$	162		$	278
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(47		)	126			(202		)	(123		)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	—			(6		)	(29		)	(35		)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	(47		)	120			(231		)	(158		)
Balance at June 30, 2017	$	85		$	104		$	(69	)	$	120

The amounts reclassified for gains (losses) on cash flow hedges are recorded as part of Product sales on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 4, Derivative Financial Instruments for additional information. Amounts reclassified for gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities are recorded as part of Other income (expense), net, on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

Stock Repurchase Program

In the first quarter of 2016, our Board of Directors authorized a $12.0 billion stock repurchase program (2016 Program) under which repurchases may be made in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. We started repurchases under the 2016 Program in April 2016.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, we repurchased and retired 10 million shares of our common stock for $695 million through open market transactions under the 2016 Program. As of June 30, 2017, the remaining authorized repurchase amount under the 2016 Program was $8.3 billion.


11.	NET INCOME PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO GILEAD COMMON STOCKHOLDERS

Basic net income per share attributable to Gilead common stockholders is calculated based on the weighted-average number of shares of our common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share attributable to Gilead common stockholders is calculated based on the weighted-average number of shares of our common stock outstanding and other dilutive securities outstanding during the period. The potential dilutive shares of our common stock resulting from the assumed exercise of outstanding stock options and equivalents, the assumed conversion of our outstanding convertible senior notes and the assumed exercise of the warrants related to our outstanding convertible senior notes were determined under the treasury stock method. Both the convertible senior notes and the associated warrants were settled in 2016.

We have excluded stock options and equivalents of 13 million and 10 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, and 3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 from the computation of diluted net income per share attributable to Gilead common stockholders because their effect was antidilutive.

The following table summarizes the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share attributable to Gilead common stockholders (in millions, except per share amounts):



	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Net income attributable to Gilead	$	3,073	$	3,497	$	5,775	$	7,063
Shares used in per share calculation - basic	1,307		1,335		1,307		1,359
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options and equivalents	10		14		12		15
Conversion spread related to the convertible senior notes	—		—		—		3
Warrants related to the convertible senior notes	—		6		—		6
Shares used in per share calculation - diluted	1,317		1,355		1,319		1,383
Net income per share attributable to Gilead common stockholders - basic	$	2.35	$	2.62	$	4.42	$	5.20
Net income per share attributable to Gilead common stockholders - diluted	$	2.33	$	2.58	$	4.38	$	5.11


12.	SEGMENT INFORMATION

We have one operating segment, which primarily focuses on the discovery, development and commercialization of innovative medicines in areas of unmet medical need. Therefore, our results of operations are reported on a consolidated basis consistent with internal management reporting reviewed by our chief operating decision maker, our Chief Executive Officer. Total product sales on an individual product basis are summarized in the following table (in millions):



	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Antiviral products:
Harvoni	$	1,382	$	2,564	$	2,753	$	5,581
Epclusa	1,171		64		2,063		64
Genvoya	857		302		1,626		460
Truvada	812		942		1,526		1,840
Atripla	475		673		927		1,348
Sovaldi	315		1,358		628		2,635
Viread	300		287		560		559
Stribild	293		429		602		906
Descovy	286		61		537		61
Odefsey	258		58		485		69
Complera/Eviplera	254		368		507		749
Other antiviral	36		20		66		37
Total antiviral products	6,439		7,126		12,280		14,309
Other products:
Letairis	230		203		441		378
Ranexa	200		153		353		297
AmBisome	92		85		184		171
Zydelig	35		41		70		90
Other	50		43		95		87
Total product sales	$	7,046	$	7,651	$	13,423	$	15,332

The following table summarizes revenues from each of our customers who individually accounted for 10% or more of our total revenues (as a percentage of total revenues):



	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
McKesson Corp.	23	%	23	%	22	%	22	%
AmerisourceBergen Corp.	20	%	18	%	20	%	17	%
Cardinal Health, Inc.	17	%	16	%	18	%	16	%


13.	INCOME TAXES

Our effective income tax rate of 25.4% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 differed from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to earnings from non-U.S. subsidiaries that operate in jurisdictions with lower tax rates than the United States and where the earnings are considered indefinitely reinvested, partially offset by state taxes, and our portion of the non-tax deductible branded prescription drug fee.

We file federal, state and foreign income tax returns in the United States and in many foreign jurisdictions. For federal and California income tax purposes, the statute of limitations is open for 2010 and onwards. For certain acquired entities, the statute of limitations is open for all years from inception due to our utilization of their net operating losses and credits carried over from prior years.

Our income tax returns are subject to audit by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. We are currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service for the 2010 - 2014 tax years and by various state and foreign jurisdictions. There are differing interpretations of tax laws and regulations and, as a result, significant disputes may arise with these tax authorities involving issues of the timing and amount of deductions and allocations of income among various tax jurisdictions. We periodically evaluate our exposures associated with our tax filing positions.

We record liabilities related to uncertain tax positions in accordance with the income tax guidance which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Resolution of one or more of these uncertain tax positions in any period may have a material impact on the results of operations for that period.


Item 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results that are subject to the safe harbors created under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in this section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Risk Factors.” Words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “target,” “goal,” “project,” “hope,” “intend, “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “estimate,” “continue,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “might,” variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. In addition, any statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements, including statements regarding overall trends, operating cost and revenue trends, liquidity and capital needs and other statements of expectations, beliefs, future plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends and similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations about future events. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially from those suggested by these forward-looking statements for various reasons, including those identified below under “Risk Factors.” Given these risks and uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements included in this report are made only as of the date hereof. Except as required under federal securities laws and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, we do not undertake and specifically decline any obligation to update any of these statements or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any forward-looking statements after the distribution of this report, whether as a result of new information, future events, changes in assumptions or otherwise. In evaluating our business, you should carefully consider the risks described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” under Part II, Item 1A in addition to the other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Any of the risks contained herein could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

You should read the following management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto included as part of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 and our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and other disclosures (including the disclosures under Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors”) included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and are presented in U.S. dollars.

Management Overview

Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Gilead, we, our or us), incorporated in Delaware on June 22, 1987, is a research-based biopharmaceutical company that discovers, develops and commercializes innovative medicines in areas of unmet medical need. With each new discovery and investigational drug candidate, we strive to transform and simplify care for people with life-threatening illnesses around the world. We have operations in more than 30 countries worldwide, with headquarters in Foster City, California. Gilead’s primary areas of focus include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, hematology/oncology, cardiovascular and inflammation/respiratory diseases. We seek to add to our existing portfolio of products through our internal discovery and clinical development programs and through product acquisition and in-licensing strategies.

Our portfolio of marketed products includes AmBisome^®, Atripla^®, Cayston^®, Complera^®/Eviplera^®, Descovy^®, Emtriva^®, Epclusa^®, Genvoya^®, Harvoni^®, Hepsera^®, Letairis^®, Odefsey^®, Ranexa^®, Sovaldi^®, Stribild^®, Truvada^®, Tybost^®, Vemlidy^®, Viread^®, Vitekta^®, Vosevi^® and Zydelig^®. We have U.S. and international commercial sales operations, with marketing subsidiaries in over 30 countries. We also sell and distribute certain products through our corporate partners under royalty-paying collaborative agreements.

Business Highlights

During the second quarter of 2017, we continued to advance our product pipeline across our therapeutic areas with the goal of delivering best-in-class drugs that advance the current standard of care and/or address unmet medical need. Recent key announcements include:


•	U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved expanded labeling for Epclusa, the first all-oral, pan-genotypic, once-daily single-tablet regimen for the treatment of adults with HCV infection, to include use in patients co-infected with HIV.

•

European Commission extended marketing authorization for Harvoni. Previously authorized for the treatment of adults with HCV genotype 1, 3, 4, 5 or 6 infection, the indication for Harvoni has been extended to include the treatment of HCV infection in adolescents with the same genotypes. Harvoni is the first direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimen to receive marketing authorization in the European Union extended for use in the adolescent population.

•

European Commission and FDA approved Vosevi(sofosbuvir 400 mg/velpatasvir 100 mg/voxilaprevir 100 mg), a once-daily single-tablet regimen for the treatment of HCV infection in adults with genotype 1-6. Vosevi is the first and only single-tablet regimen for patients who have previously failed therapy with DAA treatments and is the latest regimen in our portfolio of sofosbuvir-based HCV DAA treatments.

•

Announced detailed 48-week results from two Phase 3 studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination of bictegravir (50 mg) (BIC), a novel investigational integrase strand transfer inhibitor, and emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (200/25mg) (FTC/TAF) for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in treatment-naïve adults. In the ongoing studies, BIC/FTC/TAF was found to be statistically non-inferior to regimens containing dolutegravir (50 mg). The data was presented in two late-breaker sessions at the 9th International AIDS Conference in Paris. In addition, our marketing authorization application for BIC/FTC/TAF has been fully validated and is now under evaluation by the European Medicines Agency and a new drug application for BIC/FTC/TAF was submitted to FDA.


•	Presented data at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver: The International Liver Congress™ 2017 which included the announcement of:

▪

Positive results from an open-label, proof-of-concept study evaluating GS-0976, an investigational inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The data, from ten patients treated with GS-0976 20 mg taken orally once daily for 12 weeks, indicated that treatment was associated with statistically significant improvements in liver fat content and noninvasive markers of fibrosis, via inhibition of hepatic de novo lipogenesis.


▪	Positive results from two Phase 2 studies evaluating Harvoni tablets in HCV-infected patient populations not previously studied in dedicated clinical trials with direct-acting antiviral therapies. The studies demonstrated HCV cure rates of 99 percent in children aged 6 to 11 years, and 100 percent in adult patients co-infected with HCV and HBV.


▪	Positive 96-week results from two ongoing Phase 3 studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of daily Vemlidyin immune active patients and in patients switching from Viread. Vemlidy is a once-daily treatment approved for adults with HBV infection with compensated liver disease.

•

FDA approved supplemental indications for Harvoni tablets and Sovaldi tablets for the treatment of HCV infection in adolescents without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis, 12 years of age and older, or weighing at least 35 kilograms. Harvoni was approved for pediatric patients with genotype 1, 4, 5 or 6 HCV infection. Sovaldi was approved for pediatric patients with genotype 2 or 3 HCV infection, in combination with ribavirin.

Financial Highlights

Total revenues were $7.1 billion for the second quarter of 2017, compared to $7.8 billion for the second quarter of 2016, primarily due to lower product sales, which were $7.0 billion compared to $7.7 billion for the same quarter of 2016.

Research and development (R&D) expenses were $864 million for the second quarter of 2017, compared to $1.5 billion for the second quarter of 2016, primarily due to the 2016 impact of our purchase of Nimbus Apollo, Inc. (Nimbus) and an FDA priority review voucher.

Net income attributable to Gilead was $3.1 billion or $2.33 per diluted share for the second quarter of 2017, compared to $3.5 billion or $2.58 per diluted share for the second quarter of 2016, primarily due to lower product sales, partially offset by lower expenses. Year-over-year earnings per share were favorably impacted by our share repurchase activities.

As of June 30, 2017, we had $36.6 billion of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, compared to $34.0 billion as of March 31, 2017. During the second quarter of 2017, cash flow from operating activities was $3.5 billion.

Results of Operations

Total Revenues

The following table summarizes our product sales and royalty, contract and other revenues:



	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
(In millions, except percentages)	2017		2016		Change		2017		2016		Change
Revenues:
Product sales	$	7,046	$	7,651	(8	)%	$	13,423	$	15,332	(12	)%
Royalty, contract and other revenues	95		125		(24	)%	223		238		(6	)%
Total revenues	$	7,141	$	7,776	(8	)%	$	13,646	$	15,570	(12	)%

Product sales for the three months ended June 30, 2017

Total product sales were $7.0 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $7.7 billion for the same period in 2016, primarily due to a decrease in antiviral product sales.

Antiviral product sales, which include sales of our HIV, HBV and HCV products, were $6.4 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $7.1 billion for the same period in 2016. HIV and HBV product sales were $3.6 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $3.1 billion for the same period in 2016. The increase was primarily driven by the continued uptake of our TAF-based products: Genvoya, Descovy and Odefsey. HCV product sales, which consist of Harvoni, Epclusa and Sovaldi, were $2.9 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $4.0 billion for the same period in 2016. The decrease was due to lower sales of Harvoni and Sovaldi across all major markets, partially offset by sales of Epclusa, which was approved by FDA and the European Commission in June and July 2016, respectively.

In the HCV market, following the approval of the newer HCV products, there was a rapid increase in the number of patients who were treated and cured followed by a decline in the number of patients seeking care and being able to access HCV treatment. As a result of this dynamic, we expect patient starts to decline relative to 2016 in all major markets, and this will be the primary driver of our expected decline in total product sales in 2017. We also expect product sales to be impacted by the effects of competition on market share and net price, as well as a continued decrease in the average duration of treatment. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016, the declines in our HCV product sales were a result of the aforementioned drivers.

Other product sales, which include sales of Letairis, Ranexa and AmBisome, were $607 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $525 million for the same period in 2016.

Of our total product sales, 29% were generated outside the United States during the three months ended June 30, 2017. We faced exposure to movements in foreign currency exchange rates, primarily in the Euro. We used foreign currency exchange contracts to hedge a percentage of our foreign currency exposure. Foreign currency exchange, net of hedges, had an unfavorable impact on our product sales of $80 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017, compared to the same period in 2016.

Product sales in the United States were $5.0 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $4.9 billion for the same period in 2016. Increases in sales of our HIV and HBV products were partially offset by declines in sales of our HCV products. The increases in the sales of our HIV and HBV products were primarily driven by sales of our TAF-based products, partially offset by decreases in our tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-based products, including Atripla, Stribild and Complera/Eviplera. The declines in sales of our HCV products were primarily due to lower Harvoni and Sovaldi sales volume, partially offset by sales of Epclusa.

Product sales in Europe were $1.4 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $1.6 billion for the same period in 2016. The decrease was primarily due to lower Harvoni and Sovaldi sales volume, partially offset by sales of Epclusa. Foreign currency exchange, net of hedges, had an unfavorable impact of $50 million on our product sales for the three months ended June 30, 2017, compared to the same period in 2016.

Product sales in other locations were $665 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $1.2 billion for the same period in 2016, primarily due to lower sales in Japan. Sales in Japan were $181 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $619 million for the same period in 2016 primarily due to lower Harvoni and Sovaldi sales volume.

Product sales for the six months ended June 30, 2017

Total product sales were $13.4 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $15.3 billion for the same period in 2016, primarily due to a decrease in antiviral product sales.

Antiviral product sales were $12.3 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $14.3 billion for the same period in 2016. HIV and HBV product sales were $6.8 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $6.0 billion for the same period in 2016. The increase was primarily driven by the continued uptake of our TAF-based products. HCV product sales were $5.4 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $8.3 billion for the same period in 2016. The decrease was due to lower sales of Harvoni and Sovaldi across all major markets, partially offset by sales of Epclusa.

Other product sales, which include sales of Letairis, Ranexa and AmBisome, were $1.1 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $1.0 billion for the same period in 2016.

Of our total product sales, 30% were generated outside the United States during the six months ended June 30, 2017. We faced exposure to movements in foreign currency exchange rates, primarily in the Euro. We used foreign currency exchange contracts to hedge a percentage of our foreign currency exposure. Foreign currency exchange, net of hedges, had an unfavorable impact on our product sales of $167 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to the same period in 2016.

Product sales in the United States were $9.4 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $9.3 billion for the same period in 2016. Increases in sales of our HIV and HBV products were partially offset by declines in sales of our HCV products. The increases in the sales of our HIV and HBV products were primarily driven by sales of our TAF-based products,

partially offset by decreases in our TDF-based products, including Atripla, Complera/Eviplera and Stribild. The declines in sales of our HCV products were primarily due to lower Harvoni and Sovaldi sales volume, partially offset by sales of Epclusa.

Product sales in Europe were $2.7 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $3.2 billion for the same period in 2016. The decrease was primarily due to lower Harvoni and Sovaldi sales volume, partially offset by sales of Epclusa. In addition, foreign currency exchange, net of hedges, had an unfavorable impact of $137 million on our product sales for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to the same period in 2016.

Product sales in other locations were $1.3 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $2.8 billion for the same period in 2016, primarily due to lower sales in Japan. Sales in Japan were $386 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $1.7 billion for the same period in 2016 primarily due to lower Harvoni and Sovaldi sales volume.

The following table summarizes the period-over-period changes in our product sales by product:



	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
(In millions, except percentages)	2017		2016		Change		2017		2016		Change
Antiviral products:
HCV products
Harvoni	$	1,382	$	2,564	(46	)%	$	2,753	$	5,581	(51	)%
Epclusa	1,171		64		*		2,063		64		*
Sovaldi	315		1,358		(77	)%	628		2,635		(76	)%
HIV and HBV products
Genvoya	857		302		184	%	1,626		460		253	%
Truvada	812		942		(14	)%	1,526		1,840		(17	)%
Atripla	475		673		(29	)%	927		1,348		(31	)%
Viread	300		287		5	%	560		559		—	%
Stribild	293		429		(32	)%	602		906		(34	)%
Descovy	286		61		*		537		61		*
Odefsey	258		58		*		485		69		*
Complera/Eviplera	254		368		(31	)%	507		749		(32	)%
Other	36		20		80	%	66		37		78	%
Total antiviral products	6,439		7,126		(10	)%	12,280		14,309		(14	)%
Other products:
Letairis	230		203		13	%	441		378		17	%
Ranexa	200		153		31	%	353		297		19	%
AmBisome	92		85		8	%	184		171		8	%
Zydelig	35		41		(15	)%	70		90		(22	)%
Other	50		43		16	%	95		87		9	%
Total product sales	$	7,046	$	7,651	(8	)%	$	13,423	$	15,332	(12	)%
_______________________

* Percentage not meaningful

Following is additional discussion of our results by product:


•	Harvoni

Harvoni sales accounted for 21% and 22% of our total antiviral product sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, and 36% and 39% of our total antiviral product sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively.

For the three months ended June 30, 2017, product sales were $984 million in the United States, $230 million in Europe and $168 million in other locations, compared to $1.5 billion in the United States, $512 million in Europe and $578 million in other locations for the same period in 2016. The decreases in all major markets were primarily due to lower sales volume. In the United States, the decrease was also due to a favorable revision to our sales return reserve of $181 million in the second quarter of 2016.

For the six months ended June 30, 2017, product sales were $1.9 billion in the United States, $473 million in Europe and $370 million in other locations, compared to $2.9 billion in the United States, $1.1 billion in Europe and $1.6 billion in other locations for the same period in 2016. The decreases in all major markets were primarily due to lower sales volume. In the United States, the decrease was also due to a favorable revision to our sales return reserve of $181 million in the second quarter of 2016.


•	Epclusa

Epclusa sales accounted for 18% and 17% of our total antiviral product sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. Epclusa was approved by FDA and the European Commission in June and July 2016, respectively.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, product sales were $1.2 billion and $2.1 billion, respectively, primarily driven by sales in the United States.


•	Sovaldi

Sovaldi sales accounted for 5% of our total antiviral product sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, and 19% and 18% of our total antiviral product sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively.

For the three months ended June 30, 2017, product sales were $61 million in the United States, $113 million in Europe and $141 million in other locations, compared to $775 million in the United States, $263 million in Europe and $320 million in other locations for the same period in 2016. The decreases were primarily due to lower sales volume and shift in the market toward Epclusa. In the United States, the decrease was also due to a favorable revision to our sales return reserve of $98 million in the second quarter of 2016.

For the six months ended June 30, 2017, product sales were $88 million in the United States, $219 million in Europe and $321 million in other locations, compared to $1.4 billion in the United States, $543 million in Europe and $672 million in other locations for the same period in 2016. The decreases were primarily due to lower sales volume and shift in the market toward Epclusa. In the United States, the decrease was also due to a favorable revision to our sales return reserve of $98 million in the second quarter of 2016.


•	TAF-based regimens - Genvoya, Descovy and Odefsey

Genvoya was approved by FDA and the European Commission in November 2015. Descovy was approved by FDA and the European Commission in April 2016. Odefsey was approved by FDA and the European Commission in March and June 2016, respectively.

Product sales of our newly launched TAF-based regimens accounted for 22% of our total antiviral product sales for three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 6% and 4% of our total antiviral product sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively.

For the three months ended June 30, 2017, sales of our TAF-based regimens were $1.2 billion in the United States and $199 million in Europe, compared to $375 million in the United States and $42 million in Europe for the same period in 2016. The increases were primarily driven by higher sales volume.

For the six months ended June 30, 2017, sales of our TAF-based regimens were $2.3 billion in the United States and $346 million in Europe, compared to $527 million in the United States and $58 million in Europe for the same period in 2016. The increases were primarily driven by higher sales volume.


•	Truvada

Truvada sales accounted for 13% and 12% of our total antiviral product sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, and 13% of our total antiviral product sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016.

For the three months ended June 30, 2017, product sales were $567 million in the United States, $184 million in Europe and $61 million in other locations, compared to $631 million in the United States, $245 million in Europe and $66 million in other locations for the same period in 2016. The decreases were primarily due to lower sales volume as a result of the continued uptake of our TAF-based products, partially offset by the increased usage of Truvada for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in the United States.

For the six months ended June 30, 2017, product sales were $1.0 billion in the United States, $373 million in Europe and $122 million in other locations, compared to $1.2 billion in the United States, $496 million in Europe and $137 million in other locations for the same period in 2016. The decreases were primarily due to lower sales volume as a result of the continued uptake of our TAF-based products, partially offset by the increased usage of Truvada for PrEP in the United States.


•	Atripla

Atripla sales accounted for 7% and 8% of our total antiviral product sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, and 9% of our total antiviral product sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016.

For the three months ended June 30, 2017, product sales were $334 million in the United States and $86 million in Europe, compared to $479 million in the United States and $140 million in Europe for the same period in 2016. The decreases were primarily due to lower sales volume as doctors prescribed newer HIV regimens. The efavirenz component of Atripla sales, which has a gross margin of zero, comprised $174 million of our Atripla sales for the three months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $246 million for the same period in 2016.

For the six months ended June 30, 2017, product sales were $650 million in the United States and $180 million in Europe, compared to $968 million in the United States and $283 million in Europe for the same period in 2016. The decreases were primarily due to lower sales volume as doctors prescribed newer HIV regimens. The efavirenz component of Atripla sales, which has a gross margin of zero, comprised $339 million of our Atripla sales for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $494 million for the same period in 2016.


•	Stribild

Stribild sales accounted for 5% of our total antiviral product sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 6% of our total antiviral product sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016.

For the three months ended June 30, 2017, product sales were $225 million in the United States and $54 million in Europe, compared to $326 million in the United States and $84 million in Europe for the same period in 2016. The decreases were primarily due to lower sales volume as a result of the continued uptake of our TAF-based product, Genvoya.

For the six months ended June 30, 2017, product sales were $451 million in the United States and $121 million in Europe, compared to $702 million in the United States and $165 million in Europe for the same period in 2016. The decreases were primarily due to lower sales volume as a result of the continued uptake of our TAF-based product, Genvoya.


•	Complera/Eviplera

Complera/Eviplera sales accounted for 4% of our total antiviral product sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 5% of our total antiviral product sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016.

For the three months ended June 30, 2017, product sales were $112 million in the United States and $127 million in Europe, compared to $199 million in the United States and $156 million in Europe for the same period in 2016. The decreases were primarily due to lower sales volume as a result of the continued uptake of our TAF-based product, Odefsey.

For the six months ended June 30, 2017, product sales were $224 million in the United States and $252 million in Europe, compared to $421 million in the United States and $302 million in Europe for the same period in 2016. The decreases were primarily due to lower sales volume as a result of the continued uptake of our TAF-based product, Odefsey.

Cost of Goods Sold and Product Gross Margin

The following table summarizes our cost of goods sold and product gross margin:



	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
(In millions, except percentages)	2017			2016			2017			2016
Cost of goods sold	$	1,126		$	864		$	2,083		$	2,057
Product gross margin	84		%	89		%	84		%	87		%

Our product gross margin for three months ended June 30, 2017 decreased compared to the same period in 2016 primarily due to the reversal of a litigation charge related to sofosbuvir-containing products in the second quarter of 2016 following a favorable court decision and changes in our product mix, as our HCV product sales decreased as a percentage of total product sales.

Our product gross margin for six months ended June 30, 2017 decreased compared to the same period in 2016 primarily due to changes in our product mix, as our HCV product sales decreased as a percentage of total product sales.

Operating Expenses

The following table summarizes the period-over-period changes in our R&D expenses and selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses:



	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
(In millions, except percentages)	2017		2016		Change		2017		2016		Change
Research and development expenses	$	864	$	1,484	(42	)%	$	1,795	$	2,749	(35	)%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	897	$	890	1	%	$	1,747	$	1,575	11	%

Research and Development Expenses

R&D expenses consist primarily of clinical studies performed by contract research organizations, materials and supplies, licenses and fees, up-front payments under collaboration arrangements, milestone payments, personnel costs, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation and overhead allocations consisting of various support and facilities-related costs.

We do not track total R&D expenses by product candidate, therapeutic area or development phase. However, we manage our R&D expenses by identifying the R&D activities we anticipate will be performed during a given period and then prioritizing efforts based on scientific data, probability of successful development, market potential, available human and capital resources and other considerations. We continually review our R&D pipeline and the status of development and, as necessary, reallocate resources among the R&D portfolio that we believe will best support the future growth of our business.

R&D expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2017 decreased by $620 million or 42%, compared to the same period in 2016, primarily due to the 2016 impact of our purchase of Nimbus and an FDA priority review voucher.

R&D expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2017 decreased by $954 million or 35%, compared to the same period in 2016, primarily due to the 2016 impact of our purchase of Nimbus, up-front collaboration expenses related to our license and collaboration agreement with Galapagos NV (Galapagos) and impairment charges related to in-process R&D.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

SG&A expenses relate to sales and marketing, finance, human resources, legal and other administrative activities. Expenses are primarily comprised of facilities and overhead costs, outside marketing, advertising and legal expenses, and other general and administrative costs. SG&A expenses also include the branded prescription drug (BPD) fee.

SG&A expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2017 were flat compared to the same period in 2016.

SG&A expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2017 increased by $172 million or 11%, compared to the same period in 2016, primarily due to higher BPD fee expense resulting from a favorable adjustment of $191 million in the first quarter of 2016.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2017 increased to $269 million, compared to $227 million for the same period in 2016. Interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2017 increased to $530 million, compared to $457 million for the same period in 2016. The increases for both periods were primarily due to the issuance of $5.0 billion aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes in September 2016.

Provision for Income Taxes

Our provision for income taxes was $1.0 billion and $902 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Our effective tax rate was 25.4% and 20.5% for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Our provision for income taxes was $2.0 billion and $1.8 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Our effective tax rate was 25.4% and 20.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The increases for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the effective tax rates for the same periods in 2016 were primarily due to changes in the geographic mix of earnings.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We believe that our existing capital resources, supplemented by our cash flows generated from operating activities, will be adequate to satisfy our capital needs for the foreseeable future. The following table summarizes our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities and working capital:



(In millions)	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	36,576	$	32,380
Working capital	$	20,100	$	10,370

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities totaled $36.6 billion at June 30, 2017, an increase of $4.2 billion when compared to $32.4 billion at December 31, 2016. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, we generated $6.5 billion in operating cash flow, paid cash dividends of $1.4 billion and utilized $695 million to repurchase stock.

Of the total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities at June 30, 2017, approximately $30.8 billion was generated from operations in foreign jurisdictions and is intended for use in our foreign operations. We do not rely on unrepatriated earnings as a source of funds for our domestic business as we expect to have sufficient cash flow and borrowing capacity in the United States to fund our domestic operational and strategic needs.

Working Capital

Working capital was $20.1 billion at June 30, 2017, compared to $10.4 billion at December 31, 2016. The increase of $9.7 billion was primarily driven by a shift in the duration of our marketable securities portfolio to reduce interest rate risk.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flow activities:



	Six Months Ended
	June 30,
(In millions)	2017			2016
Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	6,451		$	9,115
Investing activities	$	(3,939	)	$	(5,393	)
Financing activities	$	(2,124	)	$	(10,174	)

Cash Provided by Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities was $6.5 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2017. Cash flows from operating activities represent the cash receipts and disbursements related to all of our activities other than investing and financing activities. Operating cash flow is derived by adjusting our net income for non-cash items and changes in operating assets and liabilities. We expect our cash flow from operations to decrease in the second half of the year due to the timing of cash payments related to accrued government and other rebates both in the United States and abroad, as well as other payments.

Cash provided by operating activities decreased by $2.7 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2017 when compared to the same period in 2016, primarily due to lower product sales.

Cash Used in Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities was $3.9 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2017. Cash flows from investing activities primarily consist of net purchases of marketable securities and other investments and our capital expenditures. Cash used in investing activities decreased by $1.5 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016, primarily due to higher proceeds from maturities of marketable securities in 2017 and the 2016 impact of our purchase of the equity investment related to our license and collaboration agreement with Galapagos.

Cash Used in Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities was $2.1 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2017, a decrease of $8.1 billion when compared to the same period in 2016, primarily due to lower repurchases of our common stock in 2017.

Debt and Credit Facility

The summary of our borrowings under various financing arrangements is included in Note 8, Debt and Credit Facility of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. There were no material changes to our debt and our credit facility during the second quarter of 2017. As of June 30, 2017, no amounts were outstanding under our revolving credit facility.

Critical Accounting Policies, Estimates and Judgments

The preparation of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts in the financial statements and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its significant accounting policies and estimates. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various market-specific and other relevant assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates. Estimates are assessed each period and updated to reflect current information. A summary of our critical accounting policies and estimates is presented in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. There were no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.


Item 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

There have been no material changes in our market risk during the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the disclosures in Part II, Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.


Item 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation as of June 30, 2017 was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our “disclosure controls and procedures,” which are defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), as controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at June 30, 2017.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated any changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2017, and has concluded that there was no change during such quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls

A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues, if any, within a company have been detected. Accordingly, our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of our disclosure control system are met and, as set forth above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded, based on their evaluation

as of the end of the period covered by this report, that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the objectives of our disclosure control system were met.


PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION


Item 1.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

For a description of our significant pending legal proceedings, please see Note 9, Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.


Item 1A.	RISK FACTORS

In evaluating our business, you should carefully consider the following risks in addition to the other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. A manifestation of any of the following risks could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We note these factors for investors as permitted by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. It is not possible to predict or identify all such factors and, therefore, you should not consider the following risks to be a complete statement of all the potential risks or uncertainties that we face.

A substantial portion of our revenues is derived from sales of products to treat HCV and HIV. If we are unable to increase HIV sales or if HCV sales decrease more than anticipated, then our results of operations may be adversely affected.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, sales of Harvoni, Epclusa and Sovaldi for the treatment of HCV accounted for approximately 41% of our total product sales. The primary driver of our HCV product revenues is patient starts, followed by market share, average treatment duration and price. Since the second quarter of 2015, the number of new patient starts has diminished, and we expect patient starts to decline relative to 2016 in all major markets, resulting in a decline in HCV revenues. Revenue per patient may also decline as a result of increased competition and pricing pressures, a larger than anticipated shift in our payer mix to more highly discounted payer segments and geographic regions and a decrease in the average duration of treatment as fewer patients are treated for 24 or 12 weeks and more patients are treated for 8 weeks. We also could experience a decline in market share due to increased competition from new HCV products that enter the market, including an eight-week, pan-genotypic HCV treatment recently launched by a competitor in August 2017.

In addition, future sales of Harvoni, Epclusa and Sovaldi and our new HCV product, Vosevi, are difficult to estimate because demand depends, in part, on the extent of reimbursement of our HCV products by private and government payers. In light of continued financial crises experienced by several countries in the European Union, some governments have announced or implemented measures to further reduce healthcare expenditures. We may continue to experience global pricing pressure which could result in larger discounts or rebates on our products or delayed reimbursement, which negatively impacts our product sales and results of operations. Also, private and public payers can choose to exclude our HCV products from their formulary coverage lists or limit the types of patients for whom coverage will be provided, which would negatively impact the demand for, and revenues of, our HCV products. Any change in the formulary coverage, reimbursement levels or discounts or rebates offered on our HCV products to payers may impact our anticipated revenues. We expect pricing pressure in the HCV market to continue. If we are unable to achieve our forecasted HCV sales, our HCV product revenues and results of operations could be negatively affected, and our stock price could experience significant volatility.

We receive a substantial portion of our revenue from sales of our products for the treatment of HIV infection, which include Descovy, Odefsey, Genvoya, Truvada, Stribild, Complera/Eviplera and Atripla. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, sales of our HIV products accounted for approximately 50% of our total product sales. Most of our HIV products contain tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and/or emtricitabine, which belong to the nucleoside class of antiviral therapeutics. In addition, if the treatment paradigm for HIV changes, causing nucleoside-based therapeutics to fall out of favor, or if we are unable to maintain or increase our HIV product sales, our results of operations would likely suffer and we would likely need to scale back our operations, including our spending on research and development (R&D) efforts.

We may be unable to sustain or increase sales of our HCV or HIV products for any number of reasons including, but not limited to, the reasons discussed above and the following:

•

As our HCV and HIV products are used over a longer period of time in many patients and in combination with other products, and additional studies are conducted, new issues with respect to safety, resistance and interactions with other drugs may arise, which could cause us to provide additional warnings or contraindications on our labels, narrow our approved indications or halt sales of a product, each of which could reduce our revenues.


•	As our products mature, private insurers and government payers often reduce the amount they will reimburse patients for these products, which increases pressure on us to reduce prices.


•	If physicians do not see the benefit of our HCV or HIV products, the sales of our HCV or HIV products will be limited.


•	As new branded or generic products are introduced into major markets, our ability to maintain pricing and market share may be affected. For example, TDF, one of the active pharmaceutical ingredients in Stribild, Complera/Eviplera, Atripla and Truvada, and the main active pharmaceutical ingredient in Viread, now has generic competition in the

European Union and is expected to face generic competition in the United States and other countries in late 2017. In addition, because emtricitabine, the other active pharmaceutical ingredient of Truvada, faced generic competition in the European Union in 2016, Truvada has started to face generic competition in the European Union and other countries outside of the United States in 2017. This may have a negative impact on our business and results of operations.

If we fail to commercialize new products or expand the indications for existing products, our prospects for future revenues may be adversely affected.

If we do not introduce new products or increase sales of our existing products, we will not be able to increase or maintain our total revenues nor continue to expand our R&D efforts. Drug development is inherently risky and many product candidates fail during the drug development process. For example, during 2016 we announced that we terminated our Phase 2 and 2b studies of simtuzumab for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and primary sclerosing cholangitis, our Phase 2 and 2/3 studies of GS-5745 for the treatment of Crohn’s Disease and ulcerative colitis, our Phase 2 studies of selonsertib for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension and diabetic kidney disease, and our studies of eleclazine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, we may decide to terminate product development after expending significant resources and effort. For example, after completion of two Phase 3 studies of momelotinib for the treatment of myelofibrosis in 2016, we decided to terminate the development of momelotinib.

We have filed our new drug application (NDA) and marketing authorization application (MAA) in the United States and European Union, respectively, for the approval of a once-daily, single-tablet regimen containing bictegravir (50 mg) and emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (200/25 mg) for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults. These and any future marketing applications we file may not be approved by the regulatory authorities on a timely basis, or at all. Even if marketing approval is granted for these products, there may be significant limitations on their use. Further, we may be unable to file our marketing applications for new products.

Our inability to accurately predict demand for our products, uptake of new products or fluctuations in customer inventories makes it difficult for us to accurately forecast sales and may cause our forecasted revenues and earnings to fluctuate, which could adversely affect our financial results and our stock price.

We may be unable to accurately predict demand for our products, including the uptake of new products, as demand is dependent on a number of factors. For example, our HCV products, Sovaldi, Harvoni, Epclusa and Vosevi, represent a significant change in the treatment paradigm for HCV-infected patients due to the shortened duration of treatment and the elimination of pegylated interferon injection and ribavirin in most patient populations. Because these products represent a cure and competitors’ HCV products have entered the market and will continue to enter the market, revenues from our HCV products are difficult for us and investors to estimate. The primary driver of our HCV product revenues is patient starts, followed by market share, average treatment duration and price. In our experience, the number of patient starts is very difficult to accurately predict. In addition, demand for our HCV products will depend on the extent of reimbursement of our HCV products by private and public payers in the United States and other countries. Private and public payers can choose to exclude our HCV products from their formulary coverage lists or limit the types of patients for whom coverage will be provided, which would negatively impact the demand for and revenues of our HCV products. We continue to experience pricing pressure in the United States, the European Union, Japan and other countries. Any change in the formulary coverage, reimbursement levels or discounts or rebates offered on our HCV products to payers may negatively impact our anticipated revenues. In addition, because rebate claims for product discounts are made by payers one or two quarters in arrears, we estimate the rebates we will be required to pay in connection with sales during a particular quarter based on claims data from prior quarters. For example, in the first quarter of 2016, we received higher than expected prior quarter rebate claims. This had the effect of lowering our revenue for the quarter. Because HCV-related revenues are difficult to predict, investors may have widely varying expectations that may be materially higher or lower than our actual or anticipated revenues. To the extent our actual or anticipated HCV product revenues exceed or fall short of these expectations, our stock price may experience significant volatility.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, approximately 85% of our product sales in the United States were to three wholesalers, McKesson Corp., AmerisourceBergen Corp. and Cardinal Health, Inc. The U.S. wholesalers with whom we have entered into inventory management agreements make estimates to determine end user demand and may not be completely effective in matching their inventory levels to actual end user demand. As a result, changes in inventory levels held by those wholesalers can cause our operating results to fluctuate unexpectedly if our sales to these wholesalers do not match end user demand. In addition, inventory is held at retail pharmacies and other non-wholesaler locations with whom we have no inventory management agreements and no control over buying patterns. Adverse changes in economic conditions or other factors may cause retail pharmacies to reduce their inventories of our products, which would reduce their orders from wholesalers and, consequently, the wholesalers’ orders from us, even if end user demand has not changed. For example, during the fourth quarter of 2016, strong wholesaler and sub-wholesaler purchases of our products resulted in inventory draw-down by wholesalers and sub-wholesalers in the first quarter of 2017. As inventory in the distribution channel fluctuates from quarter to quarter, we may continue to see fluctuations in our earnings and a mismatch between prescription demand for our products and our revenues.

In addition, the non-retail sector in the United States, which includes government institutions, including state AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs), the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), correctional facilities and large health maintenance organizations, tends to be even less consistent in terms of buying patterns and often causes quarter-over-quarter fluctuations that do not necessarily mirror patient demand for our products. Federal and state budget pressures, including sequestration, as well as the annual grant cycles for federal and state funds, may cause purchasing patterns to not reflect patient demand of our products. For example, in the first quarters of certain prior years, we observed large non-retail purchases of our HIV products by a number of state ADAPs that exceeded patient demand. We believe such purchases were driven by the grant cycle for federal ADAP funds. Additionally, during the second half of 2016, we experienced fluctuations in VA new HCV patient starts and purchasing patterns due to VA funding. We expect to continue to experience fluctuations in the purchasing patterns of our non-retail customers which may result in fluctuations in our product sales, revenues and earnings in the future. In light of the global economic downturn and budget crises faced by many European countries, we have observed variations in purchasing patterns induced by cost containment measures in Europe. We believe these measures have caused some government agencies and other purchasers to reduce inventory of our products in the distribution channels, which has decreased our revenues and caused fluctuations in our product sales and earnings. We may continue to see this trend in the future.

We may be required to pay significant damages to Merck as a result of a jury’s finding that we willfully infringed a patent owned by Merck’s Idenix subsidiary.

In December 2013, Idenix, Universita Degli Studi di Cagliari (UDSG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and L’Université Montpellier II sued us in U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that the commercialization of sofosbuvir will infringe Idenix’s U.S. Patent No. 7,608,600 (the ‘600 patent) and that an interference exists between the ‘600 patent and our U.S. Patent No. 8,415,322. Also in December 2013, Idenix and UDSG sued us in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts alleging that the commercialization of sofosbuvir will infringe U.S. Patent Nos. 6,914,054 (the ‘054 patent) and 7,608,597 (the ‘597 patent). In June 2014, the court transferred the Massachusetts litigation to the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware. Idenix was acquired by Merck in August 2014.

Prior to trial in December 2016, Idenix committed to give us a covenant not to sue with respect to any claims arising out of the ‘054 patent related to sofosbuvir and withdrew that patent from the trial. In addition, Idenix declined to litigate the ‘600 patent infringement action at trial in light of the appeal then pending at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) regarding who was the first to invent the subject matter claimed in the ‘600 patent. In January 2017, the District Court stayed Idenix’s infringement claim on the ‘600 patent pending the outcome of the appeal of the interference decision on that patent (the Second Idenix Interference), described above. Unless Idenix is successful in persuading the Federal Circuit or the Supreme Court to consider a further appeal to challenge the Federal Circuit’s June 2017 decision in our favor in the Second Idenix Interference, we will ask for dismissal of, or for judgment to be entered against Idenix on, the ‘600 infringement and interference claims. A jury trial was held in December 2016 on the ‘597 patent. In December 2016, the jury found that we willfully infringed the asserted claims of the ‘597 patent and awarded Idenix $2.54 billion in past damages. The parties have filed post-trial motions and briefings, and the district judge has set oral argument for September 2017. We expect the judge to rule in late 2017 or early 2018. Once the judge has issued these rulings, the case will move to the CAFC.

Although we cannot predict with certainty the ultimate outcome of this litigation, we believe the jury verdict to be in error, and that errors were also made by the court with respect to certain rulings before and during trial. We expect that our arguments in the pending post-trial motions and on appeal will focus on one or more of the arguments we made to the judge and jury, those being (i) when properly construed, Gilead does not infringe the claims of the ‘597 patent, (ii) the patent is invalid for failure to properly describe the claimed invention and (iii) the patent is invalid because it does not enable one of skill in the art to practice the claimed invention.

If the jury’s verdict is upheld on appeal, our estimated potential loss as of June 30, 2017 would include (i) the $2.54 billion determined by the jury, which represents 10% of our adjusted revenues from sofosbuvir-containing products from launch through August 2016, (ii) approximately $269 million, which represents 10% of our adjusted revenues from sofosbuvir-containing products from September 2016 through January 25, 2017, (iii) pre- and post-judgment interest, (iv) enhanced damages of up to three times the sum of (i) and (ii) above as a result of the jury’s finding of willfulness, (v) approximately $371 million, which represents going forward royalties yet to be assessed by the court, which we have estimated assuming 14% of our adjusted revenues from sofosbuvir-containing products from January 26, 2017 through June 30, 2017 based on post-trial briefings filed by Idenix with the court, and which would be payable based on adjusted revenues from sofosbuvir-containing products for the period from January 26, 2017 through expiry of the Idenix patent in May 2021, and (vi) attorney’s fees. Therefore, we estimate the range of possible loss through June 30, 2017 to be between zero and $9.1 billion. The parties agreed to stay consideration of going forward royalties until the appeal from the jury verdict and post-trial motions has been resolved. We expect the judge to rule on any enhanced damages in the course of deciding the other post-trial motions. The court’s determination of enhanced damages, if any, can also be appealed.

Our results of operations may be adversely affected by current and potential future healthcare reforms.

Legislative and regulatory changes to government prescription drug procurement and reimbursement programs occur relatively frequently in the United States and foreign jurisdictions. In the United States, we, along with other pharmaceutical manufacturers of branded drug products, are required to pay a portion of an industry fee (also known as the branded prescription drug (BPD) fee), calculated based on select government sales during the year as a percentage of total industry government sales. The amount of the annual BPD fee imposed on the pharmaceutical industry as a whole is $4.0 billion in 2017, which will increase to a peak of $4.1 billion in 2018, and then decrease to $2.8 billion in 2019 and thereafter. Our BPD fee expenses were $270 million in 2016, $414 million in 2015 and $590 million in 2014. The BPD fee is not tax deductible.

There has been extensive discussion about a possible repeal or amendment of The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (the Affordable Care Act) or other government action, which could negatively impact the use and/or reimbursement of our products. In January 2017, the new administration issued an Executive Order directing federal agencies with authorities and responsibilities under the Affordable Care Act to waive, defer, grant exemptions from, or delay the implementation of any provision of the Affordable Care Act that would impose a fiscal burden on states or a cost, fee, tax, penalty or regulatory burden on individuals, healthcare providers, health insurers, or manufacturers of pharmaceuticals or medical devices. In May 2017, the U.S. House of Representatives voted to pass the American Health Care Act (the AHCA), which would repeal many provisions of the Affordable Care Act. More recently, the Senate considered and failed to pass a number of similar measures. If passed by the Senate and signed by the President, the AHCA would repeal many provisions of the Affordable Care Act. It is expected that Congress will continue to consider this or other legislation to repeal and replace some or all elements of the Affordable Care Act.

In addition, many states have proposed legislation that seeks to indirectly or directly regulate pharmaceutical drug pricing by requiring biopharmaceutical manufacturers to publicly report proprietary pricing information or to place a maximum price ceiling on pharmaceutical products purchased by state agencies. If such proposed legislation is passed, we may experience additional pricing pressures on our products. Similar bills have been previously introduced at the federal level and we expect that additional legislation may be introduced this year. The potential effect of health insurance market destabilization during ongoing repeal and replace discussions, as well as the impact of potential changes to the way the Medicaid program is financed, will likely affect patients’ sources of insurance and resultant drug coverage. Discussions continue at the federal level regarding policies that would either allow or require the U.S. government to directly negotiate drug prices with pharmaceutical manufacturers for Medicare patients, require manufacturers to pay higher rebates in Medicare Part D, give states more flexibility on drugs that are covered under the Medicaid program, and other policy proposals that could impact reimbursement for our products. Other discussions have centered on legislation that would permit the re-importation of prescription medications from Canada or other countries. It is difficult to predict the impact, if any, of any such legislation on the use and reimbursement of our products in the United States, including the potential for the importation of generic versions of our products.

In addition, state Medicaid programs could request additional supplemental rebates on our products as a result of the increase in the federal base Medicaid rebate. Private insurers could also use the enactment of these increased rebates to exert pricing pressure on our products, and to the extent that private insurers or managed care programs follow Medicaid coverage and payment developments, the adverse effects may be magnified by private insurers adopting lower payment schedules.

Our existing products are subject to reimbursement from government agencies and other third parties. Pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement pressures may reduce profitability.

Successful commercialization of our products depends, in part, on the availability of governmental and third-party payer reimbursement for the cost of such products and related treatments in the markets where we sell our products. Government health authorities, private health insurers and other organizations generally provide reimbursement. In the United States, the European Union, Japan and other significant or potentially significant markets for our products and product candidates, government authorities and third-party payers are increasingly attempting to limit or regulate the price of medical products and services. A significant portion of our sales of the majority of our products are subject to significant discounts from list price. See also our risk factor “A substantial portion of our revenues is derived from sales of products to treat HCV and HIV. If we are unable to increase HIV sales or if HCV sales decrease more than anticipated, then our results of operations may be adversely affected.”

Patient assistance programs for pharmaceutical products have come under increasing scrutiny by governments, legislative bodies and enforcement agencies. These activities may result in actions that have the effect of reducing prices or harming our business or reputation.

Recently, there has been enhanced scrutiny of company-sponsored patient assistance programs, including insurance premium and co-pay assistance programs and donations to third-party charities that provide such assistance. If we, or our vendors or donation recipients, are deemed to have failed to comply with relevant laws, regulations or government guidance in any of these areas, we could be subject to criminal and civil sanctions, including significant fines, civil monetary penalties and exclusion from participation in government healthcare programs, including Medicare and Medicaid, actions against executives overseeing our business, and burdensome remediation measures.

It is possible that any actions taken by the U.S. Department of Justice as a result of this inquiry or any future action taken by federal or local governments, legislative bodies and enforcement agencies could result in civil penalties or injunctive relief, negative publicity or other negative actions that could harm our reputation, reduce demand for our products and/or reduce coverage of our products, including by federal health care programs such as Medicare and Medicaid and state health care programs. If any or all of these events occur, our business and stock price could be materially and adversely affected.

Approximately 30% of our product sales occur outside the United States, and currency fluctuations and hedging expenses may cause our earnings to fluctuate, which could adversely affect our stock price.

Because a significant percentage of our product sales are denominated in foreign currencies, primarily the Euro, we face exposure to adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates. When the U.S. dollar strengthens against these foreign currencies, the relative value of sales made in the respective foreign currency decreases. Conversely, when the U.S. dollar weakens against these currencies, the relative value of such sales increases. Overall, we are a net receiver of foreign currencies and, therefore, benefit from a weaker U.S. dollar and are adversely affected by a stronger U.S. dollar.

We use foreign currency exchange forward and option contracts to hedge a percentage of our forecasted international sales, primarily those denominated in the Euro. We also hedge certain monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, which reduces but does not eliminate our exposure to currency fluctuations between the date a transaction is recorded and the date cash is collected or paid. Foreign currency exchange, net of hedges, had an unfavorable impact on our product sales of $167 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to the same period in 2016.

We cannot predict future fluctuations in the foreign currency exchange rates of the U.S. dollar. If the U.S. dollar appreciates significantly against certain currencies and our hedging program does not sufficiently offset the effects of such appreciation, our results of operations will be adversely affected and our stock price may decline.

Additionally, the expenses that we recognize in relation to our hedging activities can also cause our earnings to fluctuate. The level of hedging expenses that we recognize in a particular period is impacted by the changes in interest rate spreads between the foreign currencies that we hedge and the U.S. dollar.

We face significant competition.

We face significant competition from large global pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, specialized pharmaceutical firms and generic drug manufacturers. Our products compete with other available products based primarily on efficacy, safety, tolerability, acceptance by doctors, ease of patient compliance, ease of use, price, insurance and other reimbursement coverage, distribution and marketing.

Our HCV products, Sovaldi, Harvoni, Epclusa and Vosevi, compete with Mavyret (glecaprevir/pibrentasivr), Viekira Pak (ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir tablets co-packaged with dasabuvir tablets) and Viekira XR (dasabuvir, ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir) marketed by AbbVie Inc. (AbbVie), Zepatier (elbasvir and grazoprevir) marketed by Merck & Co. Inc. (Merck), Daklinza (daclastavir) marketed by Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (BMS) and Olysio (simeprevir) marketed by Janssen Therapeutics.

Our HIV products compete primarily with products from ViiV Healthcare (ViiV), which markets fixed-dose combination products that compete with Descovy, Odefsey, Genvoya, Stribild, Complera/Eviplera, Atripla and Truvada. For example, two products marketed by ViiV, Tivicay (dolutegravir), an integrase inhibitor, and Triumeq, a single-tablet triple-combination antiretroviral regimen, have adversely impacted sales of our HIV products. In addition, lamivudine, marketed by ViiV, competes with emtricitabine, the active pharmaceutical ingredient of Emtriva and a component of Genvoya, Stribild, Complera/Eviplera, Atripla and Truvada. For Tybost, we compete with ritonavir marketed by AbbVie.

We also face competition from generic HIV products. Generic versions of lamivudine and Combivir (lamivudine and zidovudine) are available in the United States and certain other countries. Generic versions of Sustiva (efavirenz), a component of Atripla, are now available in Canada and Europe and we anticipate competition from generic efavirenz in the United States in December 2017. We have observed some pricing pressure related to the Sustiva component of our Atripla sales. TDF, one of the active pharmaceutical ingredients in Stribild, Complera/Eviplera, Atripla and Truvada, and the main active pharmaceutical ingredient in Viread, now has generic competition in the European Union and is expected to face generic competition in the United States and other countries in late 2017. In addition, because emtricitabine, the other active pharmaceutical ingredient of Truvada, faced generic competition in the European Union in 2016, Truvada has started to face generic competition in the European Union and other countries outside of the United States in 2017.

Our HBV products, Vemlidy, Viread and Hepsera, face competition from Baraclude (entecavir) marketed by BMS as well as generic entecavir. Our HBV products also compete with Tyzeka/Sebivo (telbivudine) marketed by Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (Novartis).

Zydelig competes with Imbruvica (ibrutinib)‎ marketed by Pharmacyclics LLC (an AbbVie company), Gazyva (obinutuzumab) marketed by Genentech (a member of the Roche Group) and Treanda (bendamustine hydrochloride) marketed by Cephalon, Inc.

Letairis competes with Tracleer (bosentan) and Opsumit (macitentan) marketed by Actelion Pharmaceuticals US, Inc. and also with Adcirca (tadalafil) marketed by United Therapeutics Corporation and Pfizer Inc. (Pfizer).

Ranexa competes predominantly with generic compounds from three distinct classes of drugs for the treatment of chronic angina in the United States, including generic and/or branded beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and long-acting nitrates.

Cayston competes with Tobi (tobramycin inhalation solution) marketed by Novartis.

Tamiflu competes with Relenza (zanamivir) marketed by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and products sold by generic competitors.

AmBisome competes with Vfend (voriconazole) marketed by Pfizer and caspofungin, a product developed by Merck that is marketed as Cancidas in the United States and as Caspofungin elsewhere. In addition, we are aware of at least three lipid formulations that claim similarity to AmBisome becoming available outside of the United States. These formulations may reduce market demand for AmBisome. Furthermore, the manufacture of lipid formulations of amphotericin B is very complex and if any of these formulations are found to be unsafe, sales of AmBisome may be negatively impacted by association.

In addition, a number of companies are pursuing the development of technologies which are competitive with our existing products or research programs. These competing companies include specialized pharmaceutical firms and large pharmaceutical companies acting either independently or together with other pharmaceutical companies. Furthermore, academic institutions, government agencies and other public and private organizations conducting research may seek patent protection and may establish collaborative arrangements for competitive products or programs. If any of these competitors gain market share on our products, it could adversely affect our results of operations and stock price.

If significant safety issues arise for our marketed products or our product candidates, our future sales may be reduced, which would adversely affect our results of operations.

The data supporting the marketing approvals for our products and forming the basis for the safety warnings in our product labels were obtained in controlled clinical trials of limited duration and, in some cases, from post-approval use. As our products are used over longer periods of time by many patients with underlying health problems, taking numerous other medicines, we expect to continue to find new issues such as safety, resistance or drug interaction issues, which may require us to provide additional warnings or contraindications on our labels or narrow our approved indications, each of which could reduce the market acceptance of these products.

Regulatory authorities have been moving towards more active and transparent pharmacovigilance and are making greater amounts of stand-alone safety information and clinical trial data directly available to the public through websites and other means, such as periodic safety update report summaries, risk management plan summaries and various adverse event data. Safety information, without the appropriate context and expertise, may be misinterpreted and lead to misperception or legal action which may potentially cause our product sales or stock price to decline.

Further, if serious safety, resistance or drug interaction issues arise with our marketed products, sales of these products could be limited or halted by us or by regulatory authorities and our results of operations would be adversely affected.

Our operations depend on compliance with complex FDA and comparable international regulations. Failure to obtain broad approvals on a timely basis or to maintain compliance could delay or halt commercialization of our products.

The products we develop must be approved for marketing and sale by regulatory authorities and, once approved, are subject to extensive regulation by FDA, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and comparable regulatory agencies in other countries. We are continuing clinical trials for many of our products for currently approved and additional uses. We anticipate that we will file for marketing approval in additional countries and for additional indications and products over the next several years. These products may fail to receive such marketing approvals on a timely basis, or at all.

Further, how we manufacture and sell our products is subject to extensive regulation and review. Discovery of previously unknown problems with our marketed products or problems with our manufacturing, safety reporting or promotional activities may result in restrictions on our products, including withdrawal of the products from the market. If we fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, including those related to promotion and manufacturing, we could be subject to penalties including fines, suspensions of regulatory approvals, product recalls, seizure of products and criminal prosecution.

For example, under FDA rules, we are often required to conduct post-approval clinical studies to assess a known serious risk, signals of serious risk or to identify an unexpected serious risk and implement a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy for

our products, which could include a medication guide, patient package insert, a communication plan to healthcare providers or other elements as FDA deems are necessary to assure safe use of the drug, which could include imposing certain restrictions on the distribution or use of a product. Failure to comply with these or other requirements imposed by FDA could result in significant civil monetary penalties and our operating results may be adversely affected.

The results and anticipated timelines of our clinical trials are uncertain and may not support continued development of a product candidate, which would adversely affect our prospects for future revenue growth.

We are required to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of products that we develop for each intended use through extensive preclinical studies and clinical trials. The results from preclinical and early clinical studies do not always accurately predict results in later, large-scale clinical trials. Even successfully completed large-scale clinical trials may not result in marketable products. For example, during 2016 we announced that we terminated our Phase 2 and 2b studies of simtuzumab for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, NASH and primary sclerosing cholangitis, our Phase 2 and 2/3 studies of GS-5745 for the treatment of Crohn’s Disease and ulcerative colitis, our Phase 2 studies of selonsertib for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension and diabetic kidney disease, and our studies of eleclazine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, after determining that study data showed insufficient evidence of treatment benefit. In addition, after completion of two Phase 3 studies of momelotinib for the treatment of myelofibrosis in 2016, we decided to terminate development of momelotinib. If any of our product candidates fails to achieve its primary endpoint in clinical trials, if safety issues arise or if the results from our clinical trials are otherwise inadequate to support regulatory approval of our product candidates, commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or halted. In addition, we may also face challenges in clinical trial protocol design.

If the clinical trials for any of the product candidates in our pipeline are delayed or terminated, our prospects for future revenue growth would be adversely impacted. For example, we face numerous risks and uncertainties with our product candidates, including Descovy for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP); selonsertib for the treatment of NASH; andecaliximab for the treatment of gastric cancer; and filgotinib for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, each currently in Phase 3 clinical trials, that could prevent completion of development of these product candidates. These risks include our ability to enroll patients in clinical trials, the possibility of unfavorable results of our clinical trials, the need to modify or delay our clinical trials or to perform additional trials and the risk of failing to obtain FDA and other regulatory body approvals. As a result, our product candidates may never be successfully commercialized. Further, we may make a strategic decision to discontinue development of our product candidates if, for example, we believe commercialization will be difficult relative to other opportunities in our pipeline. If these programs and others in our pipeline cannot be completed on a timely basis or at all, then our prospects for future revenue growth may be adversely impacted. In addition, clinical trials involving our commercial products could raise new safety issues for our existing products, which could in turn decrease our revenues and harm our business.

Due to our reliance on third-party contract research organizations to conduct our clinical trials, we are unable to directly control the timing, conduct, expense and quality of our clinical trials.

We extensively outsource our clinical trial activities and usually perform only a small portion of the start-up activities in-house. We rely on independent third-party contract research organizations (CROs) to perform most of our clinical studies, including document preparation, site identification, screening and preparation, pre-study visits, training, program management and bioanalytical analysis. Many important aspects of the services performed for us by the CROs are out of our direct control. If there is any dispute or disruption in our relationship with our CROs, our clinical trials may be delayed. Moreover, in our regulatory submissions, we rely on the quality and validity of the clinical work performed by third-party CROs. If any of our CROs’ processes, methodologies or results were determined to be invalid or inadequate, our own clinical data and results and related regulatory approvals could be adversely affected.

We depend on relationships with other companies for sales and marketing performance, development and commercialization of product candidates and revenues. Failure to maintain these relationships, poor performance by these companies or disputes with these companies could negatively impact our business.

We rely on a number of significant collaborative relationships with major pharmaceutical companies for our sales and marketing performance in certain territories. These include collaborations with Janssen for Odefsey and Complera/Eviplera; BMS for Atripla in the United States, Europe and Canada; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. (together with Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Roche) for Tamiflu worldwide; and GSK for ambrisentan in territories outside of the United States. In some countries, we rely on international distributors for sales of Truvada, Viread, Hepsera, Emtriva and AmBisome. Some of these relationships also involve the clinical development of these products by our partners. Reliance on collaborative relationships poses a number of risks, including the risk that:


•	we are unable to control the resources our corporate partners devote to our programs or products;


•	disputes may arise with respect to the ownership of rights to technology developed with our corporate partners;


•	disagreements with our corporate partners could cause delays in, or termination of, the research, development or commercialization of product candidates or result in litigation or arbitration;


•	contracts with our corporate partners may fail to provide significant protection or may fail to be effectively enforced if one of these partners fails to perform;


•	our corporate partners have considerable discretion in electing whether to pursue the development of any additional products and may pursue alternative technologies or products either on their own or in collaboration with our competitors;


•	our corporate partners with marketing rights may choose to pursue competing technologies or to devote fewer resources to the marketing of our products than they do to products of their own development; and


•	our distributors and our corporate partners may be unable to pay us, particularly in light of current economic conditions.

Given these risks, there is a great deal of uncertainty regarding the success of our current and future collaborative efforts. If these efforts fail, our product development or commercialization of new products could be delayed or revenues from products could decline.

In addition, Letairis and Cayston are distributed through third-party specialty pharmacies, which are pharmacies specializing in the dispensing of medications for complex or chronic conditions that may require a high level of patient education and ongoing counseling. The use of specialty pharmacies requires significant coordination with our sales and marketing, medical affairs, regulatory affairs, legal and finance organizations and involves risks, including but not limited to risks that these specialty pharmacies will:


•	not provide us with accurate or timely information regarding their inventories, patient data or safety complaints;


•	not effectively sell or support Letairis or Cayston;


•	not devote the resources necessary to sell Letairis or Cayston in the volumes and within the time frames that we expect;


•	not be able to satisfy their financial obligations to us or others; or


•	cease operations.

We also rely on a third party to administer our Letairis Education and Access Program (LEAP), the restricted distribution program designed to support Letairis. This third party provides information and education to prescribers and patients on the risks of Letairis, confirms insurance coverage and investigates alternative sources of reimbursement or assistance, ensures fulfillment of the risk management requirements mandated for Letairis by FDA and coordinates and controls dispensing to patients through the third-party specialty pharmacies. Failure of this third party or the specialty pharmacies that distribute Letairis to perform as expected may result in regulatory action from FDA or decreased Letairis sales, either of which would harm our business.

Our success will depend to a significant degree on our ability to defend our patents and other intellectual property rights both domestically and internationally. We may not be able to obtain effective patents to protect our technologies from use by competitors and patents of other companies could require us to stop using or pay for the use of required technology.

Patents and other proprietary rights are very important to our business. Our success will depend to a significant degree on our ability to:


•	obtain patents and licenses to patent rights;


•	preserve trade secrets;


•	defend against infringement and efforts to invalidate our patents; and


•	operate without infringing on the intellectual property of others.

If we have a properly drafted and enforceable patent, it can be more difficult for our competitors to use our technology to create competitive products and more difficult for our competitors to obtain a patent that prevents us from using technology we create. As part of our business strategy, we actively seek patent protection both in the United States and internationally and file additional patent applications, when appropriate, to cover improvements in our compounds, products and technology.

We have a number of U.S. and foreign patents, patent applications and rights to patents related to our compounds, products and technology, but we cannot be certain that issued patents will be enforceable or provide adequate protection or that pending patent applications will result in issued patents. Patent applications are confidential for a period of time before a patent is issued. As a result, we may not know if our competitors filed patent applications for technology covered by our pending applications or if we were the first to invent or first to file an application directed toward the technology that is the subject of our patent applications. Competitors may have filed patent applications or received patents and may obtain additional patents and proprietary rights that block or compete with our products. In addition, if competitors file patent applications covering our technology, we may have to participate in litigation, interference or other proceedings to determine the right to a patent. Litigation, interference or other

proceedings are unpredictable and expensive, such that, even if we are ultimately successful, our results of operations may be adversely affected by such events.

For example, TDF, one of the active pharmaceutical ingredients in Stribild, Complera/Eviplera, Atripla and Truvada, and the main active pharmaceutical ingredient in Viread, now has generic competition in the European Union and is expected to face generic competition in the United States and other countries in late 2017. In addition, because emtricitabine, the other active pharmaceutical ingredient of Truvada, faced generic competition in the European Union in 2016, Truvada has started to face generic competition in the European Union and other countries outside of the United States in 2017. The entry of these generic products may lead to market share and price erosion and have a negative impact on our business and results of operations. In addition, patents do not cover the ranolazine compound, the active ingredient of Ranexa. Instead, when it was discovered that only a sustained-release formulation of ranolazine would achieve therapeutic plasma levels, patents were obtained on those formulations and the characteristic plasma levels they achieve. Patents do not cover the active ingredients in AmBisome.

We may obtain patents for certain products many years before marketing approval is obtained for those products. Because patents have a limited life, which may begin to run prior to the commercial sale of the related product, the commercial value of the patent may be limited. However, we may be able to apply for patent term extensions or supplementary protection certificates in some countries.

Generic manufacturers have sought, and may continue to seek, FDA approval to market generic versions of our products through an abbreviated new drug application (ANDA), the application form typically used by manufacturers seeking approval of a generic drug. See a description of our ANDA litigation in Note 9, Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and risk factor entitled “Litigation with generic manufacturers has increased our expenses which may continue to reduce our earnings. If we are unsuccessful in all or some of these lawsuits, some or all of our claims in the patents may be narrowed or invalidated and generic versions of our products could be launched prior to our patent expiry.” beginning on page 47.

Our success depends in large part on our ability to operate without infringing upon the patents or other proprietary rights of third parties.

If we infringe the valid patents of third parties, we may be prevented from commercializing products or may be required to obtain licenses from these third parties. We may not be able to obtain alternative technologies or any required license on reasonable terms or at all. If we fail to obtain these licenses or alternative technologies, we may be unable to develop or commercialize some or all of our products. For example, we are aware of patents that may relate to our operation of LEAP, our restricted distribution program designed to support Letairis, and we are aware of patents and patent applications owned by other parties that may claim to cover the use of sofosbuvir. We are also aware of U.S. Patent Nos. 9044509 and 9,579,333 assigned to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services that purports to claim a process of protecting a primate host from infection by an immunodeficiency retrovirus by administering a combination of emtricitabine and tenofovir or TDF prior to exposure of the host to the immunodeficiency retrovirus. We have been in contact with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services about the scope and relevance of the patents and have explained that we do not believe that these patents are valid because the patent office was not given the most relevant prior art and because physicians and patients were using the claimed methods years before the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention filed the applications for the patents. See also a description of our litigation regarding sofosbuvir in Note 9, Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the risk factor entitled “If any party is successful in establishing exclusive rights to our HCV products, our revenues and earnings from the sale of those products could be adversely affected” beginning on page 44.

Furthermore, we also rely on unpatented trade secrets and improvements, unpatented internal know-how and technological innovation. For example, a great deal of our liposomal manufacturing expertise, which is a key component of our liposomal technology, is not covered by patents but is instead protected as a trade secret. We protect these rights mainly through confidentiality agreements with our corporate partners, employees, consultants and vendors. These agreements provide that all confidential information developed or made known to an individual during the course of their relationship with us will be kept confidential and will not be used or disclosed to third parties except in specified circumstances. In the case of employees, the agreements provide that all inventions made by an individual while employed by us will be our exclusive property. We cannot be certain that these parties will comply with these confidentiality agreements, that we have adequate remedies for any breach or that our trade secrets will not otherwise become known or be independently discovered by our competitors. Under some of our R&D agreements, inventions become jointly owned by us and our corporate partner and in other cases become the exclusive property of one party. In certain circumstances, it can be difficult to determine who owns a particular invention and disputes could arise regarding those inventions. If our trade secrets or confidential information become known or independently discovered by competitors or if we enter into disputes over ownership of inventions, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.

If any party is successful in establishing exclusive rights to our HCV products, our revenues and earnings from the sale of those products could be adversely affected.

We own patents and patent applications that claim sofosbuvir (Sovaldi) as a chemical entity and its metabolites and the fixed-dose combinations of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir (Harvoni), sofosbuvir and velpatasvir (Epclusa) and sofosbuvir, velpatasvir and voxilaprevir (Vosevi). Third parties may have, or may obtain rights to, patents that allegedly could be used to prevent or attempt to prevent us from commercializing our HCV products. For example, we are aware of patents and patent applications owned by other parties that may be alleged by such parties to cover the use of our HCV products. We cannot predict the ultimate outcome of intellectual property claims related to our HCV products, and we have spent, and will continue to spend, significant resources defending against these claims. If third parties successfully obtain valid and enforceable patents, and successfully prove infringement of those patents by our HCV products, we could be prevented from selling sofosbuvir unless we were able to obtain a license under such patents. Such a license may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

In December 2013, after receiving our request to do so, the USPTO declared Interference No. 105,981 (Second Idenix Interference) between our pending U.S. Patent Application No. 11/854,218 and Idenix’s ‘600 patent. The ‘600 patent includes claims directed to methods of treating HCV with nucleoside compounds. In March 2015, the PTAB determined that Pharmasset and not Idenix was the first to invent the claimed methods of treating HCV. Idenix appealed this decision in both the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC). The CAFC heard oral arguments in September 2016 and affirmed the PTAB decision in June 2017. Idenix may file further petitions in the Federal Circuit or the Supreme Court. We filed a motion to dismiss the appeal in Delaware, which was granted. Idenix appealed the dismissal to the CAFC and that court had stayed this other appeal pending a decision in the Second Idenix Interference. We believe that the appeal from the Delaware dismissal should be dismissed in light of the recent decision of the CAFC affirming the PTAB’s prior decision in the Second Idenix Interference that Idenix is not entitled to its patent.

(UK Court) invalidated all challenged claims of the ‘489 patent on multiple grounds. Idenix appealed. In November 2016, the appeals court affirmed the UK Court’s decision invalidating Idenix’s patent. In March 2015, the German court in Düsseldorf determined that the Idenix patent was highly likely to be invalid and stayed the infringement proceedings pending the outcome of the opposition hearing held by the EPO in February 2016. Idenix has not appealed this decision of the German court staying the proceedings. Upon Idenix’s request, the French proceedings have been stayed.

See also our risk factor “We may be required to pay significant damages to Merck as a result of a jury’s finding that we willfully infringed a patent owned by Merck’s Idenix subsidiary.”

Idenix was acquired by Merck in August 2014, and Merck continues to pursue the Idenix claims described herein.

Litigation with Merck

Litigation with the University of Minnesota

The University of Minnesota (the University) has obtained Patent No. 8,815,830 (‘830 patent), which purports to broadly cover nucleosides with antiviral and anticancer activity. In August 2016, the University filed a lawsuit against us in the U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota, alleging that the commercialization of sofosbuvir-containing products infringes the ‘830 patent. We believe that the ‘830 patent is invalid and will not be infringed by the continued commercialization of sofosbuvir. We have filed a motion to dismiss and transfer the case to California. We have also filed two petitions for inter partes review in the USPTO alleging that all asserted claims are invalid for anticipation and obviousness.

European Patent Claims

In February 2015, several parties filed oppositions in the EPO requesting revocation of our granted European patent covering sofosbuvir that expires in 2028. In October 2016, the EPO upheld the validity of certain claims of our sofosbuvir patent. We anticipate that the challengers will appeal this decision in favor of our patent. We have appealed this decision, seeking to restore all of the original claims, and several of the original opposing parties have also appealed, requesting full revocation. The appeal process may take several years.

In April 2017, several parties filed oppositions in the EPO requesting revocation of our granted European patent relating to sofosbuvir that expires in 2024.

While we are confident in the strength of our patents, we cannot predict the ultimate outcome of these actions. If we are unsuccessful in defending these oppositions, some or all of our patent claims may be narrowed or revoked and the patent protection for sofosbuvir in Europe could be substantially shortened or eliminated entirely. If our patents are revoked, and no other European patents are granted covering these compounds, our exclusivity may be based entirely on regulatory exclusivity granted by EMA. Sovaldi has been granted regulatory exclusivity that will prevent generic sofosbuvir from entering the European Union for 10 years following approval of Sovaldi, or January 2024. If we lose patent protection for sofosbuvir prior to 2028, our revenues and results of operations could be negatively impacted for the years including and succeeding the year in which such exclusivity is lost, which may cause our stock price to decline.

Manufacturing problems, including at our third-party manufacturers and corporate partners, could cause inventory shortages and delay product shipments and regulatory approvals, which may adversely affect our results of operations.

In order to generate revenue from our products, we must be able to produce sufficient quantities of our products to satisfy demand. Many of our products are the result of complex manufacturing processes. The manufacturing process for pharmaceutical

products is also highly regulated and regulators may shut down manufacturing facilities that they believe do not comply with regulations.

Our products are either manufactured at our own facilities or by third-party manufacturers or corporate partners. We depend on third parties to perform manufacturing activities effectively and on a timely basis for the majority of our solid dose products. In addition, Roche, either by itself or through third parties, is responsible for manufacturing Tamiflu. We, our third-party manufacturers and our corporate partners are subject to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), which are extensive regulations governing manufacturing processes, stability testing, record keeping and quality standards as defined by FDA and EMA. Similar regulations are in effect in other countries.

Our third-party manufacturers and corporate partners are independent entities who are subject to their own unique operational and financial risks which are out of our control. If we or any of these third-party manufacturers or corporate partners fail to perform as required, this could impair our ability to deliver our products on a timely basis or receive royalties or cause delays in our clinical trials and applications for regulatory approval. Further, we may have to write-off the costs of manufacturing any batch that fails to pass quality inspection or meet regulatory approval. In addition, we, our third-party manufacturers and our corporate partners may only be able to produce some of our products at one or a limited number of facilities and, therefore, have limited manufacturing capacity for certain products. To the extent these risks materialize and affect their performance obligations to us, our financial results may be adversely affected.

Our manufacturing operations are subject to routine inspections by regulatory agencies. If we are unable to remedy any deficiencies cited by FDA in these inspections, our currently marketed products and the timing of regulatory approval of products in development could be adversely affected. Further, there is risk that regulatory agencies in other countries where marketing applications are pending will undertake similar additional reviews or apply a heightened standard of review, which could delay the regulatory approvals for products in those countries. If approval of any of our product candidates were delayed or if production of our marketed products was interrupted, our anticipated revenues and our stock price would be adversely affected.

We may not be able to obtain materials or supplies necessary to conduct clinical trials or to manufacture and sell our products, which would limit our ability to generate revenues.

We need access to certain supplies and products to conduct our clinical trials and to manufacture our products. If we are unable to purchase sufficient quantities of these materials or find suitable alternate materials in a timely manner, our development efforts for our product candidates may be delayed or our ability to manufacture our products would be limited, which would limit our ability to generate revenues.

Suppliers of key components and materials must be named in the NDA or MAA filed with FDA, EMA or other regulatory authority for any product candidate for which we are seeking marketing approval, and significant delays can occur if the qualification of a new supplier is required. Even after a manufacturer is qualified by the regulatory authority, the manufacturer must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to ensure full compliance with GMP. Manufacturers are subject to regular, periodic inspections by the regulatory authorities following initial approval. If, as a result of these inspections, a regulatory authority determines that the equipment, facilities, laboratories or processes do not comply with applicable regulations and conditions of product approval, the regulatory authority may suspend the manufacturing operations. If the manufacturing operations of any of the single suppliers for our products are suspended, we may be unable to generate sufficient quantities of commercial or clinical supplies of product to meet market demand, which would in turn decrease our revenues and harm our business. In addition, if delivery of material from our suppliers were interrupted for any reason, we may be unable to ship certain of our products for commercial supply or to supply our products in development for clinical trials. In addition, some of our products and the materials that we utilize in our operations are made at only one facility. For example, we manufacture certain drug product intermediates utilized in AmBisome exclusively at our facilities in San Dimas, California. In the event of a disaster, including an earthquake, equipment failure or other difficulty, we may be unable to replace this manufacturing capacity in a timely manner and may be unable to manufacture AmBisome to meet market needs.

In addition, we depend on a single supplier for amphotericin B, the active pharmaceutical ingredient of AmBisome, and high-quality cholesterol in the manufacture of AmBisome. We also rely on a single source for the active pharmaceutical ingredients found in Letairis and Cayston. Astellas US LLC, which markets Lexiscan in the United States, is responsible for the commercial manufacture and supply of product in the United States and is dependent on a single supplier for the active pharmaceutical ingredient of Lexiscan. Problems with any of the single suppliers we depend on may negatively impact our development and commercialization efforts.

A significant portion of the raw materials and intermediates used to manufacture our antiviral products are supplied by third-party manufacturers and corporate partners outside of the United States. As a result, any political or economic factors in a specific country or region, including any changes in or interpretations of trade regulations, compliance requirements or tax legislation, that would limit or prevent third parties outside of the United States from supplying these materials would adversely affect our ability to manufacture and supply our antiviral products to meet market needs and have a material and adverse effect on our operating results.

Litigation with generic manufacturers has increased our expenses which may continue to reduce our earnings. If we are unsuccessful in all or some of these lawsuits, some or all of our claims in the patents may be narrowed or invalidated and generic versions of our products could be launched prior to our patent expiry.

As part of the approval process for some of our products, FDA granted us a New Chemical Entity (NCE) exclusivity period during which other manufacturers’ applications for approval of generic versions of our product will not be approved. Generic manufacturers may challenge the patents protecting products that have been granted NCE exclusivity one year prior to the end of the NCE exclusivity period. Generic manufacturers have sought and may continue to seek FDA approval for a similar or identical drug through an ANDA, the application form typically used by manufacturers seeking approval of a generic drug. To seek approval for a generic version of a product having NCE status, a generic manufacturer may submit its ANDA to FDA four years after the branded product’s approval. For sofosbuvir, this date falls in December 2017. Consequently, it is possible that one or more generic manufacturers may file an ANDA for sofosbuvir in December 2017.

Current legal proceedings of significance with some of our generic manufacturers include:

Apotex

Mylan

In February 2016, we received notice that Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Mylan) submitted an ANDA to FDA requesting permission to manufacture and market a generic version of Tybost (cobicistat). In the notice, Mylan alleges that the patent covering cobicistat is invalid as obvious and that Mylan’s generic product cannot infringe an invalid claim. In March 2016, we filed lawsuits against Mylan in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware and U.S. District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia. The trial in Delaware is scheduled for January 2018, and the parties have agreed to dismiss the action in West Virgina. The patent in suit that covers Tybost is also listed in the Orange Book for Stribild and Genvoya.

Amneal

Macleods

SigmaPharm

In June 2015, we received notice that SigmaPharm Laboratories, LLC (SigmaPharm) submitted an ANDA to FDA requesting permission to manufacture and market a generic version of Letairis. In the notice, SigmaPharm alleges that one of the patents associated with ambrisentan tablets is invalid, unenforceable and/or will not be infringed by SigmaPharm’s manufacture, use or sale of a generic version of Letairis. In June 2015, we filed a lawsuit against SigmaPharm in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey for infringement of our patents. In May 2017, we reached an agreement with SigmaPharm to settle the litigation. The settlement agreement was filed with the Federal Trade Commission and Department of Justice as required by law.

We cannot predict the ultimate outcome of the foregoing actions and other litigation with generic manufacturers, and we may spend significant resources enforcing and defending these patents. If we are unsuccessful in these lawsuits, some or all of our original claims in the patents may be narrowed or invalidated and the patent protection for Truvada, Viread and Letairis in the United States and Atripla, Truvada and Viread in Canada could be substantially shortened. Further, if all of the patents covering one or more products are invalidated, FDA or Health Canada could approve the requests to manufacture a generic version of such products in the United States or Canada, respectively, prior to the expiration date of those patents. The sale of generic versions of these products earlier than their patent expiration would have a significant negative effect on our revenues and results of operations.

We face credit risks from our emerging market and Southern European customers that may adversely affect our results of operations.

We have exposure to customer credit risks in emerging markets and Southern Europe. Southern European product sales to government-owned or supported customers in Southern Europe, specifically Spain, Portugal, Italy and Greece have historically been subject to significant payment delays due to government funding and reimbursement practices. This has resulted and may continue to result in days sales outstanding being significantly higher in these countries due to the average length of time that accounts receivable remain outstanding. As of June 30, 2017, our accounts receivable, net in Southern Europe, specifically Spain, Portugal, Italy and Greece, totaled approximately $444 million, of which $108 million were greater than 120 days past due, including $59 million greater than 365 days past due.

Historically, receivable balances with certain publicly-owned hospitals accumulate over a period of time and are then subsequently settled as lump sum payments. This pattern is also experienced by other pharmaceutical companies that sell directly to hospitals. If significant changes were to occur in the reimbursement practices of these European governments or if government funding becomes unavailable, we may not be able to collect on amounts due to us from these customers and our results of operations would be adversely affected.

Imports from countries where our products are available at lower prices and unapproved generic or counterfeit versions of our products could have a negative impact on our reputation and business.

Prices for our products are based on local market economics and competition and sometimes differ from country to country. Our sales in countries with relatively higher prices may be reduced if products can be imported into those or other countries from lower price markets. There have been cases in which other pharmaceutical products were sold at steeply discounted prices in the developing world and then re-exported to European countries where they could be re-sold at much higher prices. If this happens with our products, particularly Truvada and Viread, which we have agreed to make available at substantially reduced prices to more than 130 countries participating in our Gilead Access Program, or Atripla and Complera, which Merck and Janssen, respectively, distributes at substantially reduced prices to HIV-infected patients in developing countries, our revenues would be adversely affected. In addition, we have established partnerships with India-based generic manufacturers to distribute generic versions of TDF and TAF, to 112 developing world countries, including India. We expanded these agreements to include rights to Stribild, Tybost and Vitekta. We also entered into agreements with certain India-based generic manufacturers to produce and distribute generic emtricitabine in the developing world, including single-tablet regimens containing emtricitabine and fixed-dose combinations of emtricitabine co-formulated with our other HIV medicines. Starting in 2014, we entered into licensing agreements with India-based generic manufacturers to produce and distribute generic versions of our HCV products to 101 developing countries. If generic versions of our HIV and HCV products under these licenses are then re-exported to the United States, Europe or other markets outside of these developing world countries, our revenues would be adversely affected. We also make our HCV products available in low- and middle-income countries at significantly discounted prices. If the discounted HCV products are re-exported from these low- and middle-income countries into the United States or other higher price markets, our revenues could be adversely affected.

In addition, purchases of our products in countries where our selling prices are relatively low for resale in countries in which our selling prices are relatively high may adversely impact our revenues and gross margin and may cause our sales to fluctuate from quarter to quarter. For example, in the European Union, we are required to permit products purchased in one country to be sold in another country. Purchases of our products in countries where our selling prices are relatively low for resale in countries in which our selling prices are relatively high can affect the inventory level held by our wholesalers and can cause the relative

sales levels in the various countries to fluctuate from quarter to quarter and not reflect the actual consumer demand in any given quarter. These quarterly fluctuations may impact our earnings, which could adversely affect our stock price and harm our business.

We are also aware of the existence of various “Buyers Clubs” around the world that promote the personal importation of generic versions of our HCV products that have not been approved for use in the countries into which they are imported. As a result, patients may be at risk of taking unapproved medications which may not be what they purport to be, may not have the potency they claim to have or may contain harmful substances. To the extent patients take unapproved generic versions of one or more of our medications and are injured or not cured by these products, our brand or the commercial or scientific reputation of our HCV products could be harmed.

Further, third parties may illegally distribute and sell counterfeit versions of our products, which do not meet the rigorous quality standards of our manufacturing and supply chain. For example, in the first quarter of 2017, bottles of counterfeit drugs labeled under the Harvoni brand name were discovered at a retail pharmacy chain and pharmaceutical wholesalers in Japan. We are investigating this matter and cooperating with the Japanese health ministry. We have accelerated planned changes to our product packaging to make counterfeiting more difficult. We actively take actions to discourage counterfeits of our products around the world, including working with local regulatory and legal authorities to enforce laws against counterfeit drugs. Counterfeit drugs pose a serious risk to patient health and safety. Our reputation and business could suffer as a result of counterfeit drugs sold under our brand name.

Expensive litigation and government investigations have increased our expenses which may continue to reduce our earnings.

We are involved in a number of litigation, investigation and other dispute-related matters that require us to expend substantial internal and financial resources. We expect these matters will continue to require a high level of internal and financial resources for the foreseeable future. These matters have reduced and will continue to reduce our earnings. Please see a description of our litigation, investigation and other dispute-related matters in Note 9, Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The outcome of such lawsuits or any other lawsuits that may be brought against us, the investigations or any other investigations that may be initiated, are inherently uncertain, and adverse developments or outcomes can result in significant expenses, monetary damages, penalties or injunctive relief against us that could significantly reduce our earnings and cash flows and harm our business.

In some countries, we may be required to grant compulsory licenses for our products or our patents may not be enforced.

In a number of developing countries, government officials and other interested groups have suggested that pharmaceutical companies should make drugs for HCV or HIV infection available at low cost. Alternatively, governments in those developing countries could require that we grant compulsory licenses to allow competitors to manufacture and sell their own versions of our products, thereby reducing our product sales. For example, there is growing attention on the availability of HCV therapies and some activists are advocating for the increased availability of HCV therapies through other means including compulsory licenses. In the past, certain offices of the government of Brazil have expressed concern over the affordability of our HIV products and declared that they were considering issuing compulsory licenses to permit the manufacture of otherwise patented products for HIV infection, including Viread. In addition, concerns over the cost and availability of Tamiflu related to a potential avian flu pandemic and H1N1 influenza generated international discussions over compulsory licensing of our Tamiflu patents. For example, the Canadian government considered allowing Canadian manufacturers to manufacture and export the active ingredient in Tamiflu to eligible developing and least developed countries under Canada’s Access to Medicines Regime. Furthermore, Roche issued voluntary licenses to permit third-party manufacturing of Tamiflu. For example, Roche granted a sublicense to Shanghai Pharmaceutical (Group) Co., Ltd. for China and a sublicense to India’s Hetero Drugs Limited for India and certain developing countries. If compulsory licenses permit generic manufacturing to override our product patents for our HCV, HIV or other products, or if we are required to grant compulsory licenses for these products, it could reduce our earnings and cash flows and harm our business.

In addition, certain countries do not permit enforcement of our patents, or permit our patents to issue, and third-party manufacturers are able to sell generic versions of our products in those countries. For example, in July 2009, the Brazilian patent authority rejected our patent application for tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, the active pharmaceutical ingredient in Viread. This was the highest level of appeal available to us within the Brazilian patent authority. Because we do not currently have a patent in Brazil, the Brazilian government now purchases its supply of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate from generic manufacturers. In the first quarter of 2017, the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency rejected our patent applications related to sofosbuvir and our HCV products. We plan to appeal this decision. Sales of generic versions of our products could significantly reduce our sales and adversely affect our results of operations, particularly if generic versions of our products are imported into territories where we have existing commercial sales.

We may face significant liability resulting from our products that may not be covered by insurance and such liability could materially reduce our earnings.

The testing, manufacturing, marketing and use of our commercial products, as well as product candidates in development, involve substantial risk of product liability claims. These claims may be made directly by consumers, healthcare providers, pharmaceutical companies or others. We may be unable to maintain sufficient insurance coverage for product liabilities that may arise. In addition, the cost to defend lawsuits or pay damages for product liability claims may exceed our insurance coverage. If we are unable to maintain adequate coverage or if claims exceed our coverage, our financial condition and our ability to clinically test our product candidates and market our products will be adversely affected. In addition, negative publicity associated with any claims, regardless of their merit, may decrease the future demand for our products and impair our financial condition.

Business disruptions from natural or man-made disasters may harm our future revenues.

Our worldwide operations could be subject to business interruptions stemming from natural or man-made disasters for which we may be self-insured. Our corporate headquarters and Fremont locations, which together house a majority of our R&D activities, and our San Dimas and Oceanside manufacturing facilities are located in California, a seismically active region. As we may not carry adequate earthquake insurance and significant recovery time could be required to resume operations, our financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected in the event of a major earthquake.

We are dependent on information technology systems, infrastructure and data.

We are dependent upon information technology systems, infrastructure and data. The multitude and complexity of our computer systems make them inherently vulnerable to service interruption or destruction, malicious intrusion and random attack. Likewise, data privacy or security breaches by employees or others may pose a risk that sensitive data, including our intellectual property, trade secrets or personal information of our employees, patients, customers or other business partners may be exposed to unauthorized persons or to the public. Cyberattacks are increasing in their frequency, sophistication and intensity. Cyberattacks could include the deployment of harmful malware, denial-of-service, social engineering and other means to affect service reliability and threaten data confidentiality, integrity and availability. Our business partners face similar risks and any security breach of their systems could adversely affect our security posture. While we have invested, and continue to invest, in the protection of our data and information technology infrastructure, there can be no assurance that our efforts will prevent service interruptions, or identify breaches in our systems, that could adversely affect our business and operations and/or result in the loss of critical or sensitive information, which could result in financial, legal, business or reputational harm to us. In addition, our liability insurance may not be sufficient in type or amount to cover us against claims related to security breaches, cyberattacks and other related breaches.

Changes in our effective income tax rate could reduce our earnings.

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and various foreign jurisdictions including Ireland. Due to economic and political conditions, various countries are actively considering and have made changes to existing tax laws. We cannot predict the form or timing of potential legislative changes that could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. In addition, significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes. Various factors may have favorable or unfavorable effects on our income tax rate including, but not limited to, changes in forecasted demand for our HCV products, our portion of the non-tax deductible annual BPD fee, the accounting for stock options and other share-based awards, mergers and acquisitions, the ability to manufacture product in our Cork, Ireland facility, the amortization of certain acquisition related intangibles for which we receive no tax benefit, future levels of R&D spending, changes in the mix of earnings in the various tax jurisdictions in which we operate, changes in overall levels of pre-tax earnings and resolution of federal, state and foreign income tax audits. The impact on our income tax provision resulting from the above mentioned factors may be significant and could have a negative impact on our consolidated results of operations.

Our income tax returns are subject to audit by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. We are currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service for the 2010 - 2014 tax years and by various state and foreign jurisdictions. There are differing interpretations of tax laws and regulations and, as a result, significant disputes may arise with these tax authorities involving issues of the timing and amount of deductions and allocations of income among various tax jurisdictions. Resolution of one or more of these exposures in any reporting period could have a material impact on the results of operations for that period.

If we fail to attract and retain highly qualified personnel, we may be unable to successfully develop new product candidates, conduct our clinical trials and commercialize our product candidates.

Our future success will depend in large part on our continued ability to attract and retain highly qualified scientific, technical and management personnel, as well as personnel with expertise in clinical testing, governmental regulation and commercialization. We face competition for personnel from other companies, universities, public and private research institutions, government entities and other organizations. Competition for qualified personnel in the biopharmaceutical field is intense, and there is a limited pool

of qualified potential employees to recruit. We may not be able to attract and retain quality personnel on acceptable terms. If we are unsuccessful in our recruitment and retention efforts, our business may be harmed.

There can be no assurance that we will pay dividends or continue to repurchase stock.

Our Board of Directors authorized a dividend program under which we intend to pay quarterly dividends of $0.52 per share, subject to quarterly declarations by our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors also approved the repurchase of up to $12.0 billion of our common stock, of which $8.3 billion is available for repurchase as of June 30, 2017. Any future declarations, amount and timing of any dividends and/or the amount and timing of such stock repurchases are subject to capital availability and determinations by our Board of Directors that cash dividends and/or stock repurchases are in the best interest of our stockholders and are in compliance with all respective laws and our agreements applicable to the declaration and payment of cash dividends and the repurchase of stock. Our ability to pay dividends and/or repurchase stock will depend upon, among other factors, our cash balances and potential future capital requirements for strategic transactions, including acquisitions, debt service requirements, results of operations, financial condition and other factors beyond our control that our Board of Directors may deem relevant. A reduction in or elimination of our dividend payments, our dividend program and/or stock repurchases could have a negative effect on our stock price.


Item 2.	UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

In the first quarter of 2016, our Board of Directors authorized a $12.0 billion share repurchase program (2016 Program) under which repurchases may be made in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. We started repurchases under the 2016 Program in April 2016.

During the second quarter of 2017, we repurchased and retired 2 million shares of our common stock for $130 million through open market transactions. The table below summarizes our stock repurchase activity under the 2016 Program for the three months ended June 30, 2017:



	Total Number of Shares Purchased (in thousands)		Average Price Paid per Share (in dollars)		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program (in thousands)		Maximum Fair Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program (in millions)
April 1 - April 30, 2017	634		$	66.82	616		$	8,394
May 1 - May 31, 2017	750		$	65.97	723		$	8,346
June 1 - June 30, 2017	639		$	66.13	622		$	8,305
Total	2,023	⁽¹⁾	$	66.29	1,961	⁽¹⁾
_________________________________________


⁽¹⁾	The difference between the total number of shares purchased and the total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced program is due to shares of common stock withheld by us from employee restricted stock awards in order to satisfy applicable tax withholding obligations.


Item 3.	DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.


Item 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.


Item 5.	OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.


Item 6.	EXHIBITS

Reference is made to the Exhibit Index included herein.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



		GILEAD SCIENCES, INC.
		(Registrant)

Date:	August 7, 2017	/s/ JOHN F. MILLIGAN
		John F. Milligan, Ph.D. President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date:	August 7, 2017	/s/ ROBIN L. WASHINGTON
		Robin L. Washington Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Exhibit Index



Exhibit Footnote		Exhibit Number	Description of Document
(1)	3.1		Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant

(2)	3.2		Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant

	4.1		Reference is made to Exhibit 3.1 and Exhibit 3.2

(3)	4.2		Indenture related to Senior Notes, dated as of March 30, 2011, between Registrant and Wells Fargo, National Association, as Trustee

(3)	4.3		First Supplemental Indenture related to Senior Notes, dated as of March 30, 2011, between Registrant and Wells Fargo, National Association, as Trustee (including form of Senior Notes)

(4)	4.4		Second Supplemental Indenture related to Senior Notes, dated as of December 13, 2011, between Registrant and Wells Fargo, National Association, as Trustee (including Form of 2014 Note, Form of 2016 Note, Form of 2021 Note, Form of 2041 Note)

(5)	4.5		Third Supplemental Indenture related to Senior Notes, dated as of March 7, 2014, between Registrant and Wells Fargo, National Association, as Trustee (including Form of 2019 Note, Form of 2024 Note, Form of 2044 Note)

(6)	4.6		Fourth Supplemental Indenture related to Senior Notes, dated as of November 17, 2014, between Registrant and Wells Fargo, National Association, as Trustee (including Form of 2020 Note, Form of 2025 Note, Form of 2045 Note)

(7)	4.7		Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 14, 2015, between Registrant and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee (including Form of 2018 Note, Form of 2020 Note, Form of 2022 Note, Form of 2026 Note, Form of 2035 Note and Form of 2046 Note)

(8)	4.8		Sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 20, 2016, between Registrant and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee (including Form of 2022 Note, Form of 2023 Note, Form of 2027 Note, Form of 2036 Note and Form of 2047 Note)

*(9)	10.1		Gilead Sciences, Inc. 2004 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated May 10, 2017

*(10)	10.2		Form of employee stock option agreement used under 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for grants prior to February 2008)

*(11)	10.3		Form of employee stock option agreement used under 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for grants made February 2008 through April 2009)

*(12)	10.4		Form of employee stock option agreement used under 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for grants commencing in May 2009)

*(13)	10.5		Form of employee stock option agreement used under 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for grants commencing in February 2010)

*(14)	10.6		Form of employee stock option agreement used under 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for 2011 and subsequent year grants)

*(11)	10.7		Form of non-employee director stock option agreement used under 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for grants prior to 2008)

*(11)	10.8		Form of non-employee director option agreement used under 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for initial grants made in 2008)

*(11)	10.9		Form of non-employee director option agreement used under 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for annual grants made in May 2008 and through May 2012)

*(12)	10.10		Form of non-employee director option agreement used under 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for annual grants commencing in May 2009 and through May 2012)

*(15)	10.11		Form of non-employee director option agreement used under 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for annual grants made in May 2013)

*(15)	10.12		Form of non-employee director option agreement (non-U.S.) used under 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for annual grants made in May 2013)

*(16)	10.13		Form of non-employee director option agreement used under 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for annual grants made in and after May 2014)

*(17)	10.14		Form of restricted stock unit issuance agreement used under 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for annual grants to non-employee directors in May 2012)

*(12)	10.15		Form of restricted stock award agreement used under 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for annual grants to certain non-employee directors prior to May 2012)

*(15)	10.16		Form of restricted stock unit issuance agreement used under 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for annual grants to non-employee directors commencing in May 2013)

*(16)	10.17		Form of restricted stock unit issuance agreement used under 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for annual grants to non-employee directors commencing in and after May 2014)

*(15)	10.18		Form of restricted stock unit issuance agreement (non-U.S.) used under 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for annual grants to non-employee directors commencing in May 2013)

*(12)	10.19		Form of performance share award agreement used under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for grants to certain executive officers made in 2009)

*(13)	10.20		Form of performance share award agreement used under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for grants to certain executive officers made in 2010)

*(14)	10.21		Form of performance share award agreement used under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for grants to certain executive officers made in 2011)

*(15)	10.22		Form of performance share award agreement used under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for grants to certain executive officers made in 2012)

*(18)	10.23		Form of performance share award agreement used under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for TSR Goals in 2013 and 2014)

*(19)	10.24		Form of performance share award agreement used under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for TSR Goals (US) in 2016)

*(19)	10.25		Form of performance share award agreement used under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for TSR Goals (US) with Director Retirement Provisions in 2016 )

*(20)	10.26		Form of performance share award agreement used under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for Revenue Goals in 2013 and 2014)

*(19)	10.27		Form of performance share award agreement used under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for Revenue Goals (US) in 2016)

*(19)	10.28		Form of performance share award agreement used under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for Revenue Goals (US) with Director Retirement Provisions in 2016)

*(21)	10.29		Form of performance share award agreement used under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for TSR Goals - Non-US in 2015)

*(19)	10.30		Form of performance share award agreement used under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for TSR Goals -Non-US in 2016)

*(21)	10.31		Form of performance share award agreement used under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for Revenue Goals - Non-US in 2015)

*(19)	10.32		Form of performance share award agreement used under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for Revenue Goals - Non-US in 2016)

*(22)	10.33		Form of restricted stock unit issuance agreement used under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for grants to certain executive officers made prior to May 2009)

*(12)	10.34		Form of restricted stock unit issuance agreement used under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (for grants to certain executive officers commencing in May 2009)

*(23)	10.35		Form of restricted stock unit issuance agreement used under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (service-based vesting for certain executive officers commencing in November 2009)

*(14)	10.36		Form of restricted stock unit issuance agreement used under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (service-based vesting for certain executive officers commencing in 2011)

*(24)	10.37		Gilead Sciences, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan, restated on January 22, 2015

*(25)	10.38		Gilead Sciences, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan-Basic Plan Document

*(23)	10.39		Gilead Sciences, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan-Adoption Agreement

*(25)	10.40		Addendum to the Gilead Sciences, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan

*(26)	10.41		Gilead Sciences, Inc. 2005 Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended and restated on October 23, 2008

*(27)	10.42		Gilead Sciences, Inc. Severance Plan, as amended on March 8, 2016

*(28)	10.43		Gilead Sciences, Inc. Corporate Bonus Plan, amended on November 4, 2015

*(29)	10.44		Amended and Restated Gilead Sciences, Inc. Code Section 162(m) Bonus Plan

*(30)	10.45		2016 Base Salaries for the Named Executive Officers

*(31)	10.46		Offer Letter dated April 16, 2008 between Registrant and Robin Washington

*(32)	10.47		Offer Letter dated May 20, 2016 between Registrant and Kevin Young

*(33)	10.48		Form of Indemnity Agreement entered into between Registrant and its directors and executive officers

*(34)	10.49		Form of Employee Proprietary Information and Invention Agreement entered into between Registrant and certain of its officers and key employees

*(13)	10.50		Form of Employee Proprietary Information and Invention Agreement entered into between Registrant and certain of its officers and key employees (revised in September 2006)

+(35)	10.51		Amendment Agreement, dated October 25, 1993, between Registrant, the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry (IOCB) and Rega Stichting v.z.w. (REGA), together with the following exhibits: the License Agreement, dated December 15, 1991, between Registrant, IOCB and REGA (the 1991 License Agreement), the License Agreement, dated October 15, 1992, between Registrant, IOCB and REGA (the October 1992 License Agreement) and the License Agreement, dated December 1, 1992, between Registrant, IOCB and REGA (the December 1992 License Agreement)

+(36)	10.52		Amendment Agreement between Registrant and IOCB/REGA, dated December 27, 2000 amending the 1991 License Agreement and the December 1992 License Agreement

+(37)	10.53		Sixth Amendment Agreement to the License Agreement, between IOCB/REGA and Registrant, dated August 18, 2006 amending the October 1992 License Agreement and the December 1992 License Agreement

+(38)	10.54		Seventh Amendment Agreement to the License Agreement, between IOCB/REGA and Registrant dated July 1, 2013 amending the October 1992 License Agreement and the December 1992 License Agreement

+(39)	10.55		Exclusive License Agreement between Registrant (as successor to Triangle Pharmaceuticals, Inc.), Glaxo Group Limited, The Wellcome Foundation Limited, Glaxo Wellcome Inc. and Emory University, dated May 6, 1999

+(40)	10.56		Royalty Sale Agreement by and among Registrant, Emory University and Investors Trust & Custodial Services (Ireland) Limited, solely in its capacity as Trustee of Royalty Pharma, dated July 18, 2005

+(40)	10.57		Amended and Restated License Agreement between Registrant, Emory University and Investors Trust & Custodial Services (Ireland) Limited, solely in its capacity as Trustee of Royalty Pharma, dated July 21, 2005

+(41)	10.58		License Agreement between Japan Tobacco Inc. and Registrant, dated March 22, 2005

+(42)	10.59		First Amendment to License Agreement between Japan Tobacco Inc. and Registrant, dated May 19, 2005

+(42)	10.60		Second Amendment to License Agreement between Japan Tobacco Inc. and Registrant, dated May 17, 2010

+(43)	10.61		Third Amendment (Revised) to License Agreement between Japan Tobacco Inc. and Registrant, dated June 10, 2015

+(42)	10.62		Fourth Amendment to License Agreement between Japan Tobacco Inc. and Registrant, dated July 5, 2011

+(44)	10.63		Amendment to License Agreement between Japan Tobacco Inc. and Registrant, dated October 10, 2013

+(45)	10.64		Fifth Amendment to License Agreement between Japan Tobacco Inc. and Registrant, dated September 29, 2014

+(46)	10.65		Amended and Restated Collaboration Agreement by and among Registrant, Gilead Sciences Ireland UC (formerly Gilead Sciences Limited) and Janssen R&D Ireland, dated December 23, 2014

+(47)	10.66		Restated and Amended Toll Manufacturing Agreement between Gilead Sciences Ireland UC (formerly Gilead Sciences Limited), Registrant and Takeda GmbH (formerly Nycomed GmbH and Altana Pharma Oranienburg GmbH), dated November 7, 2005

	31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer, as required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended

	31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer, as required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended

	32.1**		Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. §1350)

	101***		The following materials from Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) includes: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

(1) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 8, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference.

(2) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 23, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference.

(3) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 1, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference.

(4) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 13, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference.

(5) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 7, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference.

(6) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 17, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference.

(7) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 14, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference.

(8) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 20, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference.

(9) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 12, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.

(10) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on February 22, 2006, and incorporated herein by reference.

(11) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference.

(12) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference.

(13) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference.

(14) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference.

(15) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference

(16) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference.

(17) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference.

(18) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference.

(19) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference.

(20) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference.

(21) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference.

(22) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K first filed on December 19, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference.

(23) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference.

(24) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 8, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference.

(25) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001, and incorporated herein by reference.

(26) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.

(27) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 8, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference.

(28) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference.

(29) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 17, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference.

(30) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 3, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference.

(31) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.

(32) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference.

(33) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 33-55680), as amended, and incorporated herein by reference.

(34) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 333-102912) filed on January 31, 2003, and incorporated herein by reference.

(35) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1994, and incorporated herein by reference.

(36) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2000, and incorporated herein by reference.

(37) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2006, and incorporated herein by reference.

(38) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference.

(39) Filed as an exhibit to Triangle Pharmaceuticals, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q/A filed on November 3, 1999, and incorporated herein by reference.

(40) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.

(41) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.

(42) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference.

(43) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference.

(44) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference.

(45) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference.

(46) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference.

(47) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.


*	Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

This certification accompanies the Form 10-Q to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Registrant under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.


***	XBRL information is filed herewith.


+	Certain confidential portions of this Exhibit were omitted by means of marking such portions with an asterisk (the Mark). This Exhibit has been filed separately with the Secretary of the Securities and Exchange Commission without the Mark pursuant to Registrant’s Application Requesting Confidential Treatment under Rule 24b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.