Nature of Business

BIO-key International, Inc., founded in 1993, develops and markets proprietary fingerprint identification biometric technology and software solutions. The Company was a pioneer in developing automated, finger identification technology that supplements or compliments other methods of identification and verification, such as personal inspection identification, passwords, tokens, smart cards, ID cards, PKI, credit card, passports, driver’s licenses, OTP or other form of possession or knowledge-based credentialing. Additionally, advanced BIO-key® technology has been, and is, used to improve both the accuracy and speed of competing finger-based biometrics.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of BIO-key International, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary (collectively, the “Company” or “BIO-key”) and are stated in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year. Pursuant to such rules and regulations, certain financial information and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements have been condensed or omitted. Significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements contain all necessary adjustments, consisting only of those of a recurring nature, and disclosures to present fairly the Company’s financial position and the results of its operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The balance sheet at March 31, 2018 was derived from the audited financial statements, but does not include all of the disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the related notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on April 2, 2018. 

 Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” was issued. The Company adopted ASU 2014-09 and its related amendments (collectively known as ASC 606) effective on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. Please see Note 3 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" for the required disclosures related to the impact of adopting this standard and a discussion of the Company's updated policies related to revenue recognition and accounting for costs to obtain and fulfill a customer contract.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases”. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of its pending adoption of the new standard on its consolidated financial statements, but expects that it will increase its assets and liabilities for amounts yet to be determined.

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features; II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Non-controlling Interests with a Scope Exception. Part I of this update addresses the complexity of accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features. Down round features are features of certain equity-linked instruments (or embedded features) that result in the strike price being reduced on the basis of the pricing of future equity offerings. Current accounting guidance creates cost and complexity for entities that issue financial instruments (such as warrants and convertible instruments) with down round features that require fair value measurement of the entire instrument or conversion option. Under ASU 2017-11, down round features do not meet the criteria for derivative accounting and no liability is to be recorded until an actual issuance of securities triggers the down-round feature. Part II of this update addresses the difficulty of navigating Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, because of the existence of extensive pending content in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. This pending content is the result of the indefinite deferral of accounting requirements about mandatorily redeemable financial instruments of certain nonpublic entities and certain mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests. The amendments in Part II of this update do not have an accounting effect. This ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of ASU 2017-11, during the fiscal 2017 year did not have any impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements, however our disclosures with respect to equity instruments with down round features have been updated. 

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standard if currently adopted would have a material effect on the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Reclassification

Reclassifications occurred to certain prior year amounts in order to conform to the current year classifications. The reclassifications have no effect on the reported net loss.

The Company has incurred significant losses to date and at March 31, 2018 and had an accumulated deficit of approximately $69 million. In addition, broad commercial acceptance of the Company’s technology is critical to the Company’s success and ability to generate future revenues. At March 31, 2018, the Company’s total cash and cash equivalents were approximately $1,300,000, as compared to approximately $289,000 at December 31, 2017.

The Company has financed operations in the past through access to the capital markets by issuing secured and convertible debt securities, convertible preferred stock, common stock, and through factoring receivables. The Company estimates that it currently requires approximately $592,000 per month to conduct operations and pay dividend obligations, a monthly amount that it has been unable to achieve consistently through revenue generation.

If the Company is unable to generate sufficient revenue to meet its goals, it will need to obtain additional third-party financing to (i) conduct the sales, marketing and technical support necessary to execute its plan to substantially grow operations, increase revenue, and serve a significant customer base; and (ii) provide working capital. No assurance can be given that any form of additional financing will be available on terms acceptable to the Company, that adequate financing will be obtained by the Company, in order to meet its needs, or that such financing would not be dilutive to existing shareholders.

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"), which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern, and assumes continuity of operations, realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. The matters described in the preceding paragraphs raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Recoverability of a major portion of the recorded asset amounts shown in the accompanying balance sheet is dependent upon the Company’s ability to meet its financing requirements on a continuing basis, and become profitable in its future operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue in existence.

The Company adopted ASC 606 on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. The reported results for 2018 reflect the application of ASC 606 guidance while the reported results for 2017 were prepared under the guidance of ASC 605, Revenue Recognition (ASC 605), which is also referred to herein as "legacy GAAP" or the "previous guidance". The adoption of ASC 606 represents a change in accounting principle that will more closely align revenue recognition with the delivery of the Company's services and will provide financial statement readers with enhanced disclosures. In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these services. To achieve this core principle, the Company applies the following five steps:

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table summarizes revenue from contracts with customers for the three month period ended:

*EMEA – Europe, Middle East, Africa

All of the Company's performance obligations, and associated revenue, are generally transferred to customers at a point in time, with the exception of support and maintenance, and professional services, which are generally transferred to the customer over time.

Software licenses

Software license revenue consist of fees for perpetual software licenses for one or more of our biometric fingerprint solutions. Revenue is recognized at a point in time once the software is available to the customer for download. Software license contracts are generally invoiced in full on execution of the arrangement.

Hardware

Hardware revenue consists of fees for associated equipment sold with or without a software license arrangement, such as servers, locks and fingerprint readers. Customers are not obligated to buy third party hardware from us, and may procure these items from a number of suppliers. Revenue is recognized at a point in time once the hardware is shipped to the customer. Hardware items are generally invoiced in full on execution of the arrangement.

Support and Maintenance

Support and Maintenance revenue consists of fees for unspecified upgrades, telephone assistance and bug fixes. The Company satisfies its Support and Maintenance performance obligation by providing “stand-ready” assistance as required over the contract period. We record deferred revenue (contract liability) at time of invoice until the contracts term occurs. Revenue is recognized over time on a ratable basis over the contract term. Support and Maintenance contracts are up to one year in length and are generally invoiced either annually or quarterly in advance.

Professional Services

Professional services revenues primarily consist of fees for deployment and optimization services, as well as training. The majority of our consulting contracts are billed on a time and materials basis, and revenue is recognized based on the amount billable to the customer in accordance with practical expedient ASC 606-10-55-18. For other professional services contracts, the Company utilizes an input method and recognizes revenue based on labor hours expended to date relative to the total labor hours expected to be required to satisfy its performance obligation.

Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations

Some of our contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. For these contracts, we account for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. We determine the standalone selling prices based on our overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration market conditions and other factors, including the value of our contracts, the cloud applications sold, customer demographics, geographic locations, and the number and types of users within our contracts.

We considered several factors in determining that control transfers to the customer upon shipment of hardware and availability of download of software.  These factors include that legal title transfers to the customer, we have a present right to payment, and the customer has assumed the risks and rewards of ownership.

Accounts receivable from our customers are typically due within 30 days of invoicing.  We do not record a reserve of product returns or warranties as amounts are deemed immaterial based on historical experience.

Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract

Costs to obtain and fulfill a contract are predominantly sales commissions earned by our sales force and are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. These costs are deferred and then amortized over a period of benefit that we have determined to be four years. These costs are included as capitalized contract costs on the balance sheet.  We determined the period of benefit by taking into consideration our customer contracts, our technology, and other factors based on historical evidence. Amortization expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.  Amortization expense for the three months ending March 31, 2018 approximated $18,700.  

Financial Statement Impact of Adopting ASC 606

The cost of obtaining the contract reflects the outcome of the sales effort in educating, demonstrating and selling our solutions. Accordingly under ASC 606, commissions are a capitalized cost due to the acquisition of a new customer. The Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method. The cumulative effect of applying the new guidance to all contracts with customers that were not completed as of January 1, 2018 (solely capitalized commissions) was recorded as an adjustment to accumulated deficit as of the adoption date.

As a result of applying the modified retrospective method to adopt the new revenue guidance, the following adjustments were made to the following select condensed consolidated balance sheet line items as of January 1, 2018:

Impact of New Revenue Guidance on Financial Statement Line Items

The following table compares selected reported condensed consolidated balance sheet, statement of operations and cash flows, as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2018, to the pro-forma amounts had the previous guidance still been applied:

Revenue recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2018 from amounts included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the period was approximately $135,000 and consisted solely of deferred maintenance contracts recognized over time. The Company did not recognize any revenue from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods. Total deferred revenue (contract liability) was $374,439 and $507,866 at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.  

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

ASC 606 requires that the Company disclose the aggregate amount of transaction price that is allocated to performance obligations that have not yet been satisfied as at March 31, 2018. The guidance provides certain practical expedients that limit this requirement, which all of the Company’s contracts meet as follows:

At March 31, 2018 deferred revenue represents our remaining performance obligations related to support and maintenance, all of which is expected to be recognized within one year.

Accounts receivable are carried at original amount less an estimate made for doubtful receivables based on a review of all outstanding amounts on a monthly basis. Management determines the allowance for doubtful receivables by regularly evaluating individual customer receivables and considering a customer’s financial condition, credit history, and current economic conditions. Accounts receivable are written off when deemed uncollectible. As a result of the payment delays for a large customer, the Company has continued to reserve $1,000,000 at March 31, 2018, which represents 57% of the remaining balance owed under the contract. Recoveries of accounts receivable previously written off are recorded when received. Accounts receivable at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consisted of the following:

The following table presents share-based compensation expenses for continuing operations included in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations:

Due from factor consisted of the following as of: 

The Company entered into an accounts receivable factoring arrangement with a financial institution (the “Factor”) which has been extended to October 31, 2018. Pursuant to the terms of the arrangement, the Company, from time to time, sells to the Factor a minimum of $150,000 per quarter of certain of its accounts receivable balances on a non-recourse basis for credit approved accounts. The Factor remits 35% of the foreign and 75% of the domestic accounts receivable balance to the Company (the “Advance Amount”), with the remaining balance, less fees to be forwarded to the Company once the Factor collects the full accounts receivable balance from the customer. In addition, the Company, from time to time, receives over advances from the factor. Factoring fees range from 2.75% to 15% of the face value of the invoice factored, and are determined by the number of days required for collection of the invoice. The cost of factoring is included in selling, general and administrative expenses. The cost of factoring was as follows: 

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost, determined on a first in, first out basis, or market, and consists primarily of fabricated assemblies and finished goods. Inventory is comprised of the following as of:

On November 11, 2015, the Company entered into a license agreement for the rights to all software and documentation regarding the technology currently known as or offered under the FingerQ name. The license agreement grants the Company the exclusive right to reproduce, create derivative works and distribute copies of the FingerQ software and documentation, create new FingerQ related products, and grant sub-licenses of the licensed technology to end users. The license rights have been granted to the Company in perpetuity, with a stated number of end-user resale sub-licenses allowed under the contract for a total of $12,000,000. The cost of sub-license rights expected to be amortized in the following 12 months is $2,730,000 and is classified as current, with remainder as non-current.

The Company has determined the software license rights to be a finite lived intangible asset, and estimated that the software license rights shall be economically used over a 10 year period, with a weighting towards the beginning years of that time-frame. The license rights were acquired during the fourth quarter of 2015, but the usage of such rights in our products was not generally available until January 2017. Accordingly, amortization began in the first quarter of 2017.

The remaining license rights are to be amortized over the greater of the following: 1) an estimate of the economic use of such license rights, 2) straight line method over ten years or 3) the actual usage of such rights. The Company believes categorizing the amortization expense under Cost of Sales more closely reflects the nature of the license right arrangement and the use of the technology. A total of $660,000 and $388,092 was expensed during the three month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Since the license purchase, a cumulative amount of $2,218,596 has been expensed, with a carrying balance of $9,781,404 as of March 31, 2018.

On December 31, 2015, the Company purchased third-party software licenses in the amount of $180,000 in anticipation of a large pending deployment that has yet to materialize. The Company is amortizing the total cost over the same methodology described above with the greatest of the three approaches being the amortization for the periods. A total of $12,540, net of expense was credited and $6,696 was expensed during the three month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Since the license purchase, the actual per unit cost (actual usage) of such license rights in the cumulative amount of $35,056 net of credits has been expensed, with a carrying balance of $144,944 as of March 31, 2018. The Company has classified the balance as non-current until a larger deployment occurs. Software license rights is comprised of the following as of:

The Company’s basic EPS is calculated using net income (loss) available to common shareholders and the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted EPS includes the effect from potential issuance of common stock, such as stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of stock options and warrants and the assumed conversion of convertible preferred stock.

The reconciliation of the numerator of the basic and diluted EPS calculations was as follows for the three month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

The following table summarizes the weighted average securities that were excluded from the diluted per share calculation because the effect of including these potential shares was antidilutive due to the net losses for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

The following table sets forth options and warrants which were excluded from the diluted per share calculation because the exercise price was greater than the average market price of the common shares:

Preferred Stock

Within the limits and restrictions provided in the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, the Board of Directors has the authority, without further action by the shareholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $.0001 par value per share, in one or more series, and to fix, as to any such series, any dividend rate, redemption price, preference on liquidation or dissolution, sinking fund terms, conversion rights, voting rights, and any other preference or special rights and qualifications. As of March 31, 2018, 100,000 shares of preferred stock have been designated as Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock, of which 62,596 shares are issued and outstanding, and 105,000 shares of preferred stock have been designated as Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock, of which 44,580 are issued and outstanding.  

Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock

On October 22 and 29, 2015, the Company issued 84,500 shares of Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series A-1 Stock”) at a purchase price of $100.00 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $8,450,000. On November 11, 2015, 5,500 additional shares of Series A-1 Stock were issued at a purchase price of $100.00 per share, for gross cash proceeds of $550,000. Shares of Series A-1 Stock are convertible at any time at the option of the holder into shares of common stock by dividing the Series A-1 Original Issue Price by an initial conversion price of $3.60 per share, subject to adjustment for stock dividends, stock splits, combinations, and reclassifications of the Company’s capital stock, and subject to a “blocker provision” which prohibits conversion if such conversion would result in the holder being the beneficial owner of in excess of 9.99% of the Company’s common stock.   In connection with the request of the sole holder of the Series A-1 Stock, on August 7, 2017 the Company waived a standstill agreement to permit the holder  to increase his conversion cap to 35% effective 61 days after such waiver request. The Series A-1 Stock accrues dividends at the rate of 6% per annum payable quarterly on April 1, July, 1, October 1, and January 1 of each year. Until October 1, 2017, the dividends were payable in cash provided that if payment in cash would be prohibited under applicable Delaware corporation law or cause the Company to breach any agreement for borrowed money, such dividends are payable in kind through the issuance of additional shares of common stock having a value equal to the volume weighted average trading price of the Company’s common stock for the ten (10) days preceding the applicable dividend payment date. Commencing January 1, 2018, dividends are payable at the option of the Company in cash or kind through the issuance of additional shares of common valued as described above.

The holders of the Series A-1 Stock are entitled to designate one person to serve on the Board of Directors of the Company.  The holders of the Series A-1 Stock are entitled to vote on an as converted to common stock basis together with the holders of our common stock on all matters presented to our stockholders. Upon any liquidation or dissolution of the Company, any merger or consolidation involving the Company or any subsidiary of the Company in which the shares of capital stock of the Company outstanding immediately prior to such merger or consolidation do not represent immediately following such merger or consolidation at least a majority of the voting power of the capital stock of the resulting or surviving corporation, or the sale of all or substantially all assets in a single transaction or a series of related transactions, unless the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding Series A-1 Stock elect otherwise, holders of Series A-1 Stock shall be entitled to receive prior to any payment to any holders of the Company’s common stock an amount per share equal to $100.00 per share plus any declared and unpaid dividends (pari-passu with the Series B-1 holders). 

On September 22, 2017, the holder of the Series A-1 Stock elected to convert $540,000 in accrued dividends payable into 150,000 shares of common stock at a conversion price of $3.60. On October 17, 2017, the holder of the Series A-1 Stock converted 27,404 shares of Series A-1 Stock into 761,222 shares of common stock at a conversion price of $3.60

Overall balances and conversion of Series A-1 shares and accrued dividends into common stock has been as follows:

The Series A-1 Stock contains options that based on an evaluation of FASB ASC 815-15, “Embedded Derivatives” and FASB ASC 815-40-15, “Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity - Scope and Scope Exceptions,” are considered embedded features:  Preferred Stock’s conversion option:  The Series A-1 Stock is convertible at the holder’s option at any time at the fixed conversion price of $3.60 per share; Quarterly Dividend Conversion Option:  From issuance until December 31, 2017, the majority of holders could have  elected to have the quarterly dividend payment made in shares of common stock, having a value equal to the volume weighted average trading price of the common stock during the ten (10) trading day period preceding the applicable dividend payment date. These features were analyzed by the Company and determined that they were not required to be bifurcated from the preferred stock and recorded as derivatives as they are clearly and closely related to an equity host.

Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock

On November 11, 2015, the Company issued 105,000 shares of Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series B-1 Stock”) at a purchase price of $100.00 per share, for gross proceeds of $10,500,000.  Shares of the Series B-1  Stock are convertible at any time at the option of the holder into shares of common stock by dividing the Series B-1 Original Issue Price by an initial conversion price of $3.60 per share, subject to adjustment for stock dividends, stock splits, combinations, and reclassifications of the Company’s capital stock, and subject to a “blocker provision” which prohibits conversion if such conversion would result in the holder being the beneficial owner of in excess of 9.99% of the Company’s common stock (See  below waiver.) The Series B-1 Stock accrues dividends at the rate of 2.5% per annum payable quarterly on April 1, July, 1, October 1, and January 1 of each year payable in cash provided that if payment in cash would be prohibited under applicable Delaware corporation law or cause the Company to breach any agreement for borrowed money, or if the majority of the outstanding shares of the Series B-1 Stock elect otherwise, such dividends are payable in kind through the issuance of additional shares of common stock having a value equal to the volume weighted average trading price of the Company’s common stock for the ten (10) days preceding the applicable dividend payment date. 

The holders of the Series B-1 Stock are entitled to designate one person to serve on the Board of Directors of the Company. The holders of the Series B-1 Stock are entitled to vote on an as converted to common stock basis together with the holders of our common stock on all matters presented to our stockholders. Upon any liquidation or dissolution of the Company, any merger or consolidation involving the Company or any subsidiary of the Company in which the shares of capital stock of the Company outstanding immediately prior to such merger or consolidation do not represent immediately following such merger or consolidation at least a majority of the voting power of the capital stock of the resulting or surviving corporation, or the sale of all or substantially all assets in a single transaction or a series of related transactions, unless the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding Series B-1 Stock elect otherwise, holders of Series B-1 Stock shall be entitled to receive prior to any payment to any holders of the Company’s common stock an amount per share equal to $100.00 per share plus any declared and unpaid dividends (pari-passu with the Series A-1 holders). 

On March 23, 2018, holders of shares of Series B-1  Stock converted 60,420 shares of Series B-1 Stock into 1,678,334 shares of common stock.

On March 23, 2018, the Company issued 115,857 shares of common stock to holders of shares of Series B-1 Stock in consideration of the conversion of $417,084 of accrued dividends payable on the Series B-1 Stock resulting in a per share purchase price of $3.60.  In connection with the forgoing transaction, the Company waived a standstill provision to permit a holder of shares of Series B-1 Stock to increase its conversion limitation to 19.99% of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock to be effective 61 days after such waiver.

Overall balances and conversion of Series B-1 shares and accrued dividends into common stock has been as follows:

The Series B-1 Stock contains options that based on an evaluation of FASB ASC 815-15, “Embedded Derivatives” and FASB ASC 815-40-15, “Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity - Scope and Scope Exceptions,” are considered embedded features:  Preferred Stock’s conversion option:  The Series B-1 Stock is convertible at the holder’s option at any time at the fixed conversion price of $3.60 per share; Quarterly Dividend Conversion Option:  The majority of holders may elect to have the quarterly dividend payment made in shares of common stock, having a value equal to the volume weighted average trading price of the common stock during the ten (10) trading day period preceding the applicable dividend payment date. These features were analyzed by the Company and determined that they were not required to be bifurcated from the preferred stock and recorded as derivatives as they are clearly and closely related to an equity host.  

Common Stock 

On March 23, 2018, in addition to the conversion of Series B-1 Stock and accrued dividends payable into a total of 1,794,191 shares of common stock, the Company issued 7,659 shares of common stock to its directors in payment of board and board committee fees valued at $15,011.  On March 28, 2018, the Company issued 762 shares of common stock to its directors in payment of committee fees valued at $1,501.

Derivative Liabilities

In connection with the issuances of equity instruments or debt, the Company may issue options or warrants to purchase common stock. In certain circumstances, these options or warrants may be classified as liabilities, rather than as equity. In addition, the equity instrument or debt may contain embedded derivative instruments, such as conversion options or listing requirements, which in certain circumstances may be required to be bifurcated from the associated host instrument and accounted for separately as a derivative liability instrument. The Company early-adopted the new provisions issued July 2017, for derivative liability instruments under FASB ASU 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features; II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Non-controlling Interests with a Scope Exception. Under ASU 2017-11, down round features do not meet the criteria for derivative accounting and no liability is to be recorded until an actual issuance of securities triggers the down-round feature. Prior to these provisions, the liabilities were recorded without the actual issuance of the securities triggering the down-round feature. 

Securities Purchase Agreement dated November 13, 2014

Pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement, dated November 13, 2014, by and between the Company and a number of private and institutional investors, the Company issued to certain private investors 664,584 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase an additional 996,877 shares of common stock for aggregate gross proceeds of $1,595,000.

The warrants have a term of five years and an exercise price of $3.60 per share, and have been fully exercisable since February 2015. The warrants have customary anti-dilution protections including a “full ratchet” anti-dilution adjustment provision which are triggered in the event the Company sells or grants any additional shares of common stock, options, warrants or other securities that are convertible into common stock at a price lower than $3.60 per share, The anti-dilution adjustment provision is not triggered by certain “exempt issuances” which among other issuances, includes the issuance of shares of common stock, options or other securities to officers, employees, directors, consultants or service providers.

As a result of the early adoption of ASU 2017-11, the “full ratchet” anti-dilution feature is no longer a determinant for derivative liability accounting. As the “full ratchet” anti-dilution feature was determined to have no value in the past, the adoption had no effect on the balance sheets or statements of operations. 

Securities Purchase Agreement dated September 23, 2015

On September 23, 2015, the Company issued a warrant to purchase 69,445 shares of common stock in connection with the issuance of a promissory note. The warrants are immediately exercisable at an exercise price of $3.60 per share and have a term of five years. 

The warrants have customary anti-dilution protections including a "full ratchet" anti-dilution adjustment provision which are triggered in the event the Company sells or grants any additional shares of common stock, options, warrants or other securities that are convertible into common stock at a price lower than $3.60 per share. The anti-dilution adjustment provision is not triggered by certain "exempt issuances" which among other issuances, includes the issuance of shares of common stock, options or other securities to officers, employees, directors, consultants or service providers.

As a result of the early adoption of ASU 2017-11, the “full ratchet” anti-dilution feature is no longer a determinant for derivative liability accounting. As the “full ratchet” anti-dilution feature was determined to have no value in the past, the adoption had no effect on the balance sheets or statements of operations.

Issuances of Stock Options

On March 23, 2018, the Company issued options to purchase 9,000 shares of common stock to six non-employee members of the Board of Directors.  The options have a three year vesting period, seven year term, and exercise price of $1.96.  

On March 23, 2018, the Company issued options to purchase 212,918 shares of the Company’s common stock to certain officers, employees, and contractors. The options have a three year vesting period, seven year term, and exercise price of $1.96.  

The fair value of the options issued during the three months ended March 31, 2018 was estimated on the date of grant at $381,876 using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: risk free interest rate: 2.56%, expected life of options in years: 4.5, expected dividends: 0, volatility of stock price: 143%.

The Company has determined that it operates in one discrete segment consisting of biometric products. Geographically, North American sales accounted for approximately 52% and 83% of the Company’s total sales for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventory, due from factor, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are carried at, or approximate, fair value because of their short-term nature.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, two customers accounted for 48% of revenues and three customers accounted for 70% of revenues, respectively. Three customers accounted for 53% of current accounts receivable as of March 31, 2018. One customer accounted for 100% of non-current accounts receivable as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Based on prior history with this customer, the Company believes the amount is fully collectable, however, the Company has reserved $1,000,000 which represents 57% of the remaining balance owed under the contract, due to the length of time the receivable has been outstanding.  At December 31, 2017, one customer accounted for 55% of current accounts receivable.

From time to time, we may be involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business.  As of March 31, 2018, there were no pending or threatened lawsuits that could reasonably be expected to have a material effect on the results of our operations.

On April 3, 2018, the sole holder of shares of Series A-1 Stock converted 39,088 shares of Series A-1 Stock into 1,085,778 shares of common stock.

On April 3, 2018, the Company issued 91,820 shares of common stock to the sole holder of shares of Series A-1 Stock in consideration of the conversion of $330,552 of accrued dividends payable on the Series A-1 Stock resulting in a per share purchase price of $3.60.  

On May 10, 2018, the Company issued 2,035 shares of common stock to its directors in payment of board fees.  

On May 14, 2018, the Company issued 648 shares of common stock to its directors in payment of committee fees.