Document



 
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
þ    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018
or
o    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
  
Commission file number 001-00368
Chevron Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
 
94-0890210
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
6001 Bollinger Canyon Road,
San Ramon, California
 
94583-2324
(Zip Code)
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (925) 842-1000
NONE
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report.)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  þ        No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  þ        No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer  þ
 
Accelerated filer  o
Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
 
Smaller reporting company o
 
Emerging growth company o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o      
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes  o       No  þ
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:
Class
 
Outstanding as of June 30, 2018
Common stock, $.75 par value
 
1,916,147,100
 


Table of Contents


TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
Page No.
 
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Income for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2018, and 2017
 
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2018, and 2017
 
Consolidated Balance Sheet at June 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017
 
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018, and 2017
 
7-25
Item 2.
26-39
Item 3.
Item 4.
PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 5.
Other Information
Item 6.

1

Table of Contents


CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS RELEVANT TO FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
FOR THE PURPOSE OF “SAFE HARBOR” PROVISIONS OF THE
PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Chevron Corporation contains forward-looking statements relating to Chevron’s operations that are based on management’s current expectations, estimates and projections about the petroleum, chemicals and other energy-related industries. Words or phrases such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “targets,” “forecasts,” “projects,” “believes,” “seeks,” “schedules,” “estimates,” “positions,” “pursues,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “budgets,” “outlook,” “trends,” “guidance,” “focus,” “on schedule,” “on track,” “is slated,” “goals,” “objectives,” “strategies,” “opportunities” and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond the company’s control and are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements. The reader should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. Unless legally required, Chevron undertakes no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Among the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements are: changing crude oil and natural gas prices; changing refining, marketing and chemicals margins; the company's ability to realize anticipated cost savings and expenditure reductions; actions of competitors or regulators; timing of exploration expenses; timing of crude oil liftings; the competitiveness of alternate-energy sources or product substitutes; technological developments; the results of operations and financial condition of the company's suppliers, vendors, partners and equity affiliates, particularly during extended periods of low prices for crude oil and natural gas; the inability or failure of the company’s joint-venture partners to fund their share of operations and development activities; the potential failure to achieve expected net production from existing and future crude oil and natural gas development projects; potential delays in the development, construction or start-up of planned projects; the potential disruption or interruption of the company’s operations due to war, accidents, political events, civil unrest, severe weather, cyber threats and terrorist acts, crude oil production quotas or other actions that might be imposed by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, or other natural or human causes beyond the company's control; changing economic, regulatory and political environments in the various countries in which the company operates; general domestic and international economic and political conditions; the potential liability for remedial actions or assessments under existing or future environmental regulations and litigation; significant operational, investment or product changes required by existing or future environmental statutes and regulations, including international agreements and national or regional legislation and regulatory measures to limit or reduce greenhouse gas emissions; the potential liability resulting from other pending or future litigation; the company’s future acquisition or disposition of assets or shares or the delay or failure of such transactions to close based on required closing conditions; the potential for gains and losses from asset dispositions or impairments; government-mandated sales, divestitures, recapitalizations, industry-specific taxes, tariffs, changes in fiscal terms or restrictions on scope of company operations; foreign currency movements compared with the U.S. dollar; material reductions in corporate liquidity and access to debt markets; the impact of the 2017 U.S. tax legislation on the company's future results; the effects of changed accounting rules under generally accepted accounting principles promulgated by rule-setting bodies; the company's ability to identify and mitigate the risks and hazards inherent in operating in the global energy industry; and the factors set forth under the heading “Risk Factors” on pages 19 through 22 of the company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Other unpredictable or unknown factors not discussed in this report could also have material adverse effects on forward-looking statements.


2

Table of Contents


PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Item 1.
Consolidated Financial Statements
CHEVRON CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended
June 30
 
Six Months Ended
June 30
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts)
Revenues and Other Income
 
 
 
 
 
Sales and other operating revenues1
$
40,491

 
$
32,877

 
$
76,459

 
$
64,401

Income from equity affiliates
1,493

 
1,316

 
3,130

 
2,466

Other income
252

 
287

 
411

 
1,034

Total Revenues and Other Income
42,236

 
34,480

 
80,000

 
67,901

Costs and Other Deductions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchased crude oil and products
24,744

 
18,325

 
45,977

 
35,831

Operating expenses2
5,213

 
4,590

 
9,914

 
9,176

Selling, general and administrative expenses2
1,017

 
927

 
1,740

 
1,737

Exploration expenses
177

 
125

 
335

 
269

Depreciation, depletion and amortization
4,498

 
5,311

 
8,787

 
9,505

Taxes other than on income1
1,363

 
3,065

 
2,707

 
5,936

Interest and debt expense
217

 
48

 
376

 
99

Other components of net periodic benefit costs2
102

 
136

 
186

 
266

Total Costs and Other Deductions
37,331

 
32,527

 
70,022

 
62,819

Income Before Income Tax Expense
4,905

 
1,953

 
9,978

 
5,082

Income Tax Expense
1,483

 
487

 
2,897

 
917

Net Income
3,422

 
1,466

 
7,081

 
4,165

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
13

 
16

 
34

 
33

Net Income Attributable to Chevron Corporation
$
3,409

 
$
1,450

 
$
7,047

 
$
4,132

Per Share of Common Stock:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Income Attributable to Chevron Corporation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
— Basic
$
1.79

 
$
0.77

 
$
3.71

 
$
2.20

— Diluted
$
1.78

 
$
0.77

 
$
3.68

 
$
2.18

Dividends
$
1.12

 
$
1.08

 
$
2.24

 
$
2.16

Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding (000s)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
— Basic
1,900,375

 
1,881,019

 
1,898,194

 
1,880,200

— Diluted
1,918,949

 
1,893,014

 
1,916,099

 
1,894,197

____________________
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1 The three-month and six-month comparative periods ended June 30, 2017, include excise, value-added and similar taxes of $1,771 million and $3,448 million, respectively, collected on behalf of third parties. Beginning in 2018, these taxes are netted in "Taxes other than on income" in accordance with ASU 2014-09. Refer to Note 17, "Revenue" beginning on page 24.
2 2017 adjusted to conform to ASU 2017-07. Refer to Note 5, "New Accounting Standards" beginning on page 10.
 
 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

3


Table of Contents


CHEVRON CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)

 
Three Months Ended
June 30
 
Six Months Ended
June 30
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(Millions of dollars)
Net Income
$
3,422

 
$
1,466

 
$
7,081

 
$
4,165

Currency translation adjustment
(20
)
 
10

 
(10
)
 
24

Unrealized holding gain (loss) on securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gain (loss) arising during period
(6
)
 

 
(7
)
 
(5
)
Defined benefit plans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Actuarial gain (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization to net income of net actuarial and settlement losses
151

 
174

 
308

 
345

Actuarial gain (loss) arising during period
(1
)
 

 
(2
)
 
(14
)
Prior service cost:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization to net income of net prior service costs
(3
)
 
(5
)
 
(7
)
 
(10
)
Defined benefit plans sponsored by equity affiliates
5

 
4

 
13

 
10

Income tax expense on defined benefit plans
(35
)
 
(61
)
 
(74
)
 
(111
)
Total
117

 
112

 
238

 
220

Other Comprehensive Gain, Net of Tax
91

 
122

 
221

 
239

Comprehensive Income
3,513

 
1,588

 
7,302

 
4,404

Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
(13
)
 
(16
)
 
(34
)
 
(33
)
Comprehensive Income Attributable to Chevron Corporation
$
3,500

 
$
1,572

 
$
7,268

 
$
4,371


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

4


Table of Contents


CHEVRON CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(Unaudited)
 
 
At June 30
2018
 
At December 31
2017
 
 
(Millions of dollars)
ASSETS
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
7,628

 
$
4,813

Marketable securities
 
58

 
9

Accounts and notes receivable, net
 
16,672

 
15,353

Inventories
 
 
 
 
Crude oil and petroleum products
 
4,206

 
3,142

Chemicals
 
492

 
476

Materials, supplies and other
 
1,946

 
1,967

Total inventories
 
6,644

 
5,585

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 
 
3,254

 
2,800

Total Current Assets
 
34,256

 
28,560

Long-term receivables, net
 
2,573

 
2,849

Investments and advances
 
34,242

 
32,497

Properties, plant and equipment, at cost
 
343,544

 
344,485

Less: Accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization
 
169,302

 
166,773

Properties, plant and equipment, net
 
174,242

 
177,712

Deferred charges and other assets 
 
6,859

 
7,017

Goodwill
 
4,518

 
4,531

Assets held for sale
 
1,239

 
640

Total Assets
 
$
257,929

 
$
253,806

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
 
Short-term debt 
 
$
8,598

 
$
5,192

Accounts payable
 
15,722

 
14,565

Accrued liabilities
 
4,822

 
5,267

Federal and other taxes on income 
 
1,679

 
1,600

Other taxes payable
 
1,041

 
1,113

Total Current Liabilities
 
31,862

 
27,737

Long-term debt 
 
29,779

 
33,477

Capital lease obligations
 
140

 
94

Deferred credits and other noncurrent obligations
 
20,566

 
21,106

Noncurrent deferred income taxes 
 
15,151

 
14,652

Noncurrent employee benefit plans
 
7,051

 
7,421

Total Liabilities*
 
104,549

 
104,487

Preferred stock (authorized 100,000,000 shares, $1.00 par value, none issued)
 

 

Common stock (authorized 6,000,000,000 shares; $0.75 par value; 2,442,676,580 shares issued at June 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017)
 
1,832

 
1,832

Capital in excess of par value
 
17,040

 
16,848

Retained earnings
 
176,899

 
174,106

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
 
(3,368
)
 
(3,589
)
Deferred compensation and benefit plan trust
 
(240
)
 
(240
)
Treasury stock, at cost (526,529,480 and 537,974,695 shares at June 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively)
 
(39,965
)
 
(40,833
)
Total Chevron Corporation Stockholders’ Equity
 
152,198

 
148,124

Noncontrolling interests
 
1,182

 
1,195

Total Equity
 
153,380

 
149,319

Total Liabilities and Equity
 
$
257,929

 
$
253,806

____________________
 
 
 
 
* Refer to Note 14, "Other Contingencies and Commitments" beginning on page 20.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

5


Table of Contents


CHEVRON CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)

 
Six Months Ended
June 30
 
2018
 
2017
 
(Millions of dollars)
Operating Activities
 
 
 
Net Income
$
7,081

 
$
4,165

Adjustments
 
 
 
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
8,787

 
9,505

Dry hole expense
106

 
19

Distributions less than income from equity affiliates 1
(1,799
)
 
(1,520
)
Net before-tax gains on asset retirements and sales
(52
)
 
(1,056
)
Net foreign currency effects
25

 
243

Deferred income tax provision
510

 
(1,246
)
Net decrease (increase) in operating working capital 2
(2,287
)
 
(1,254
)
Decrease (increase) in long-term receivables
266

 
76

Net decrease (increase) in other deferred charges 2
(28
)
 
(50
)
Cash contributions to employee pension plans
(531
)
 
(214
)
Other
(180
)
 
80

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities 1, 2
11,898

 
8,748

Investing Activities
 
 
 
Capital expenditures
(6,223
)
 
(6,539
)
Proceeds and deposits related to asset sales and returns of investment 1, 2
789

 
2,454

Net sales (purchases) of marketable securities
(49
)
 

Net repayment (borrowing) of loans by equity affiliates
52

 
(16
)
Net Cash Used for Investing Activities 1, 2
(5,431
)
 
(4,101
)
Financing Activities
 
 
 
Net borrowings (repayments) of short-term obligations
4,701

 
(6,305
)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
145

 
3,991

Repayments of long-term debt and other financing obligations
(5,213
)
 
(998
)
Cash dividends — common stock
(4,253
)
 
(4,061
)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
(55
)
 
(41
)
Net sales of treasury shares
1,008

 
279

Net Cash Used for Financing Activities
(3,667
)
 
(7,135
)
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash 2
(45
)
 
40

Net Change in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash 2
2,755

 
(2,448
)
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at January 1 2
5,943

 
8,414

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at June 30 2
$
8,698

 
$
5,966

____________________
 
 
 
1   2017 adjusted to conform to Accounting Standards Update 2016-15. Refer to Note 4, "Information Relating to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows" beginning on page 8.
2   2017 adjusted to conform to Accounting Standards Update 2016-18. Refer to Note 4, "Information Relating to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows" beginning on page 8.


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

6


Table of Contents


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1. Interim Financial Statements
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Chevron Corporation and its subsidiaries (the company) have not been audited by an independent registered public accounting firm. In the opinion of the company’s management, the interim data includes all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods. These adjustments were of a normal recurring nature. The results for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018, are not necessarily indicative of future financial results. The term “earnings” is defined as net income attributable to Chevron Corporation.
Certain notes and other information have been condensed or omitted from the interim financial statements presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Therefore, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Note 2. Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Losses
The change in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Losses (AOCL) presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and the impact of significant amounts reclassified from AOCL on information presented in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the six months ending June 30, 2018, are reflected in the table below.
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component (1) 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
 
Currency Translation Adjustment
 
Unrealized Holding Gains (Losses) on Securities
 
Derivatives
 
Defined Benefit Plans
 
Total
 
 
(Millions of dollars)
Balance at January 1
 
$
(105
)
 
$
(5
)
 
$
(2
)
 
$
(3,477
)
 
$
(3,589
)
Components of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Before Reclassifications
 
(10
)
 
(7
)
 

 
6

 
(11
)
Reclassifications (2)
 

 

 

 
232

 
232

Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
(10
)
 
(7
)
 

 
238

 
221

Balance at June 30
 
$
(115
)
 
$
(12
)
 
$
(2
)
 
$
(3,239
)
 
$
(3,368
)
________________________________
(1) All amounts are net of tax.
(2) Refer to Note 11, Employee Benefits for reclassified components totaling $301 million that are included in employee benefit costs for the six months ending June 30, 2018. Related income taxes for the same period, totaling $69 million, are reflected in "Income Tax Expense" on the Consolidated Statement of Income. All other reclassified amounts were insignificant.
Note 3. Noncontrolling Interests
Ownership interests in the company’s subsidiaries held by parties other than the parent are presented separately from the parent’s equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and the noncontrolling interests are both presented on the face of the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Activity for the equity attributable to noncontrolling interests for the first six months of 2018 and 2017 is as follows:
 
2018
 
2017
 
Chevron
Corporation
Stockholders’ Equity
 
Non-controlling
Interest
 
Total
Equity
 
Chevron
Corporation
Stockholders’ Equity
 
Non-controlling
Interest
 
Total
Equity
 
(Millions of dollars)
Balance at January 1
$
148,124

 
$
1,195

 
$
149,319

 
$
145,556

 
$
1,166

 
$
146,722

Net income
7,047

 
34

 
7,081

 
4,132

 
33

 
4,165

Dividends
(4,254
)
 

 
(4,254
)
 
(4,062
)
 

 
(4,062
)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests

 
(55
)
 
(55
)
 

 
(41
)
 
(41
)
Treasury shares, net
868

 

 
868

 
265

 

 
265

Other changes, net*
413

 
8

 
421

 
312

 
27

 
339

Balance at June 30
$
152,198

 
$
1,182

 
$
153,380

 
$
146,203

 
$
1,185

 
$
147,388

 __________________________________________
* Includes components of comprehensive income, which are disclosed separately in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

7

Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)


Note 4. Information Relating to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
The “Net decrease (increase) in operating working capital” was composed of the following operating changes:
 
Six Months Ended
June 30
 
2018
 
2017
 
(Millions of dollars)
Decrease (increase) in accounts and notes receivable
$
(1,379
)
 
$
927

Decrease (increase) in inventories
(1,075
)
 
(704
)
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other current assets 1
(433
)
 
408

Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued liabilities 1
704

 
(2,141
)
Increase (decrease) in income and other taxes payable
(104
)
 
256

Net decrease (increase) in operating working capital 1
$
(2,287
)
 
$
(1,254
)
____________________
 
 
 
1   2017 adjusted to conform to Accounting Standards Update 2016-18.
“Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities” included the following cash payments for interest on debt and for income taxes:
 
Six Months Ended
June 30
 
2018
 
2017
 
(Millions of dollars)
Interest on debt (net of capitalized interest)
$
373

 
$
64

Income taxes
2,335

 
1,023

"Other" includes changes in postretirement benefits obligations and other long-term liabilities.
The “Net sales (purchases) of marketable securities” consisted of the following gross amounts:
 
Six Months Ended
June 30
 
2018
 
2017
 
(Millions of dollars)
Marketable securities purchased
$
(49
)
 
$
(3
)
Marketable securities sold

 
3

Net sales (purchases) of marketable securities
$
(49
)
 
$

The “Net repayment (borrowing) of loans by equity affiliates” consisted of the following gross amounts:
 
Six Months Ended
June 30
 
2018
 
2017
 
(Millions of dollars)
Borrowing of loans by equity affiliates
$

 
$
(102
)
Repayment of loans by equity affiliates
52

 
86

Net repayment (borrowing) of loans by equity affiliates
$
52

 
$
(16
)
The “Net borrowings (repayments) of short-term obligations" consisted of the following gross and net amounts:
 
Six Months Ended
June 30
 
2018
 
2017
 
(Millions of dollars)
Repayments of short-term obligations
$
(2,212
)
 
$
(6,524
)
Proceeds from issuances of short-term obligations
1,771

 
3,415

Net borrowings (repayments) of short-term obligations with three months or less maturity
5,142

 
(3,196
)
Net borrowings (repayments) of short-term obligations
$
4,701

 
$
(6,305
)

8

Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)


The “Net sales of treasury shares” represents the value of shares sold for share-based compensation plans, net of purchases. Purchases totaled $1 million for the first six months in 2018 and $1 million for the first six months in 2017. No purchases were made under the company's share repurchase program in the first six months of 2018 or 2017.
The major components of “Capital expenditures” and the reconciliation of this amount to the capital and exploratory expenditures, including equity affiliates, are as follows:
 
Six Months Ended
June 30
 
2018
 
2017
 
(Millions of dollars)
Additions to properties, plant and equipment
$
6,097

 
$
6,521

Additions to investments
21

 
7

Current year dry hole expenditures
105

 
10

Payments for other liabilities and assets, net

 
1

 Capital expenditures
6,223

 
6,539

Expensed exploration expenditures
229

 
250

Assets acquired through capital lease obligations
65

 
3

 Capital and exploratory expenditures, excluding equity affiliates
6,517

 
6,792

Company’s share of expenditures by equity affiliates
2,704

 
2,138

 Capital and exploratory expenditures, including equity affiliates
$
9,221

 
$
8,930

On January 1, 2018, Chevron adopted Accounting Standards Updates (ASU) 2016-15 and 2016-18, which require retrospective adjustment of prior periods in the Statement of Cash Flows.
In addition to other requirements, ASU 2016-15 specifies new standards for the classification of distributions from equity affiliates. In adopting these new standards, Chevron utilized the cumulative earnings approach to evaluate returns on and returns of investment from equity affiliates. For the first six months of 2017, a total of $84 million was reclassified from “Distributions less than income from equity affiliates” to “Proceeds and deposits related to asset sales and returns of investment.”
Adoption of ASU 2016-18 requires the inclusion of restricted cash and associated changes in restricted cash in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The impact of ASU 2016-18 is captured across several line items in the Statement of Cash Flows, including “Net decrease (increase) in operating working capital,” “Decrease (increase) in other deferred charges,” and “Proceeds and deposits related to asset sales and returns of investment” with associated net changes captured in both “Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities” and “Net Cash Used for Investing Activities.” The line item “Net sales (purchases) of other short-term investments” was removed in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2016-18.
The table below quantifies the beginning and ending balances of restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the Consolidated Balance Sheet:
 
 
At June 30
 
At December 31
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
(Millions of dollars)
 
(Millions of dollars)
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
$
7,628

 
$
4,762

 
$
4,813

 
$
6,988

Restricted cash included in "Prepaid expenses and other current assets"
 
339

 
400

 
405

 
488

Restricted cash included in "Deferred charges and other assets"
 
731

 
804

 
725

 
938

Total Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
 
$
8,698

 
$
5,966

 
$
5,943

 
$
8,414

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Additional information related to "Restricted Cash" is included on page 22 in Note 15 under the heading "Restricted Cash."

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)


Note 5. New Accounting Standards
Revenue Recognition (Topic 606): Revenue from Contracts with Customers On January 1, 2018, Chevron adopted ASU 2014-09 and its related amendments using the modified retrospective transition method, which did not require the restatement of prior periods. The impact of the adoption of the standard did not have a material effect on the company’s consolidated financial statements. For additional information on the company’s revenue, refer to Note 17 beginning on page 24.
Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments Effective January 1, 2018, Chevron adopted ASU 2016-15 on a retrospective basis. The standard provides clarification on how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified on the statement of cash flows. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the company's Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. For additional information, refer to Note 4 beginning on page 8.
Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash Effective January 1, 2018, Chevron adopted ASU 2016-18 on a retrospective basis. The standard requires an entity to explain the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows and to provide a reconciliation to the balance sheet when the cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents are not separately presented or are presented in more than one line item on the balance sheet. The company’s restricted cash balances are now included in the beginning and ending balances on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. For additional information, refer to Note 4 beginning on page 8.
Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20) On January 1, 2018, the company adopted ASU 2017-05 which provides clarification regarding the guidance on accounting for the derecognition of nonfinancial assets. The adoption of the standard had no impact on the company’s consolidated financial statements.
Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost Effective January 1, 2018, Chevron adopted ASU 2017-07 on a retrospective basis. The standard requires the disaggregation of the service cost component from the other components of net periodic benefit cost and allows only the service cost component of net benefit cost to be eligible for capitalization. The effects of retrospective adoption on the Consolidated Statement of Income for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017 were to move $142 million from "Operating expenses" and $124 million from "Selling, general and administrative expenses" to "Other components of net periodic benefits cost."
Leases (Topic 842) In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 which becomes effective for the company January 1, 2019. The standard requires that lessees present right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet. The company plans to elect the short-term lease exception provided for in the standard and therefore will only recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term greater than one year. The company continues to focus its implementation efforts on accounting policy and disclosure updates and system implementation necessary to meet the standard's requirements. The company is continuing its review of contracts which may result in certain contracts, currently not classified as leases, being classified as operating leases under the new standard. The company does not expect the adoption of the ASU to have a material impact on finance leases, which are currently referred to as capital leases, and is quantifying the effect of the new operating lease right-of-use assets and associated lease liabilities on the company's consolidated balance sheet. The company does not expect the implementation of the standard to have a material effect on the consolidated income statement and cash flow statement.
Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, which becomes effective for the company January 1, 2019.  The standard permits companies to reclassify the residual tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive income as a result of tax reform to retained earnings and also requires additional new disclosures.  The company is evaluating the effect of the standard on its consolidated financial statements.
Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, which becomes effective for the company beginning January 1, 2020. The standard requires companies to use forward-looking

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)


information to calculate credit loss estimates. The company is evaluating the effect of the standard on its consolidated financial statements.
Note 6. Assets Held For Sale
At June 30, 2018, the company classified $1.24 billion of net properties, plant and equipment as “Assets held for sale” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. These assets are primarily associated with upstream and downstream operations that are anticipated to be sold in the next 12 months. The revenues and earnings contributions of these assets in 2017 and the first six months of 2018 were not material.
Note 7. Operating Segments and Geographic Data
Although each subsidiary of Chevron is responsible for its own affairs, Chevron Corporation manages its investments in these subsidiaries and their affiliates. The investments are grouped into two business segments, Upstream and Downstream, representing the company’s “reportable segments” and “operating segments.” Upstream operations consist primarily of exploring for, developing and producing crude oil and natural gas; liquefaction, transportation and regasification associated with liquefied natural gas (LNG); transporting crude oil by major international oil export pipelines; processing, transporting, storage and marketing of natural gas; and a gas-to-liquids plant. Downstream operations consist primarily of refining of crude oil into petroleum products; marketing of crude oil and refined products; transporting of crude oil and refined products by pipeline, marine vessel, motor equipment and rail car; and manufacturing and marketing of commodity petrochemicals, plastics for industrial uses, and fuel and lubricant additives. All Other activities of the company include worldwide cash management and debt financing activities, corporate administrative functions, insurance operations, real estate activities and technology companies.
The company’s segments are managed by “segment managers” who report to the “chief operating decision maker” (CODM). The segments represent components of the company that engage in activities (a) from which revenues are earned and expenses are incurred; (b) whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the CODM, which makes decisions about resources to be allocated to the segments and assesses their performance; and (c) for which discrete financial information is available.
The company’s primary country of operation is the United States of America, its country of domicile. Other components of the company’s operations are reported as “International” (outside the United States).

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Segment Earnings The company evaluates the performance of its operating segments on an after-tax basis, without considering the effects of debt financing interest expense or investment interest income, both of which are managed by the company on a worldwide basis. Corporate administrative costs and assets are not allocated to the operating segments. However, operating segments are billed for the direct use of corporate services. Nonbillable costs remain at the corporate level in “All Other.” Earnings by major operating area for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, are presented in the following table:
 
Three Months Ended
June 30
 
Six Months Ended
June 30
Segment Earnings
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(Millions of dollars)
Upstream
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
$
838

 
$
(102
)
 
$
1,486

 
$
(22
)
International
2,457

 
955

 
5,161

 
2,392

Total Upstream
3,295

 
853

 
6,647

 
2,370

Downstream
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
657

 
634

 
1,099

 
1,103

International
181

 
561

 
467

 
1,018

Total Downstream
838

 
1,195

 
1,566

 
2,121

Total Segment Earnings
4,133

 
2,048

 
8,213

 
4,491

All Other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
(204
)
 
(41
)
 
(353
)
 
(85
)
Interest income
27

 
14

 
46

 
29

Other
(547
)
 
(571
)
 
(859
)
 
(303
)
Net Income Attributable to Chevron Corporation
$
3,409

 
$
1,450

 
$
7,047

 
$
4,132

Segment Assets Segment assets do not include intercompany investments or intercompany receivables. “All Other” assets consist primarily of worldwide cash, cash equivalents, time deposits and marketable securities; real estate; information systems; technology companies; and assets of the corporate administrative functions. Segment assets at June 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, are as follows: 
Segment Assets
At June 30
2018
 
At December 31
2017
 
(Millions of dollars)
Upstream
 
 
 
United States
$
42,266

 
$
40,770

International
157,436

 
159,612

Goodwill
4,518

 
4,531

Total Upstream
204,220

 
204,913

Downstream
 
 
 
United States
24,659

 
23,202

International
18,217

 
17,434

Total Downstream
42,876

 
40,636

Total Segment Assets
247,096

 
245,549

All Other
 
 
 
United States
5,279

 
4,938

International
5,554

 
3,319

Total All Other
10,833

 
8,257

Total Assets — United States
72,204

 
68,910

Total Assets — International
181,207

 
180,365

Goodwill
4,518

 
4,531

Total Assets
$
257,929

 
$
253,806


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)


Segment Sales and Other Operating Revenues Segment sales and other operating revenues, including internal transfers, for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, are presented in the following table. Products are transferred between operating segments at internal product values that approximate market prices. Revenues for the upstream segment are derived primarily from the production and sale of crude oil and natural gas, as well as the sale of third-party production of natural gas. Revenues for the downstream segment are derived from the refining and marketing of petroleum products such as gasoline, jet fuel, gas oils, lubricants, residual fuel oils and other products derived from crude oil. This segment also generates revenues from the manufacture and sale of fuel and lubricant additives and the transportation and trading of refined products and crude oil. “All Other” activities include revenues from insurance operations, real estate activities and technology companies.
 
Three Months Ended
June 30
 
Six Months Ended
June 30
 Sales and Other Operating Revenues
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(Millions of dollars)
Upstream
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
$
5,044

 
$
3,135

 
$
9,621

 
$
6,375

International
8,880

 
6,852

 
17,536

 
13,433

Subtotal
13,924

 
9,987

 
27,157

 
19,808

Intersegment Elimination — United States
(3,185
)
 
(2,198
)
 
(5,942
)
 
(4,439
)
Intersegment Elimination — International
(3,421
)
 
(2,708
)
 
(6,636
)
 
(5,428
)
Total Upstream
7,318

 
5,081

 
14,579

 
9,941

Downstream *
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
15,690

 
13,322

 
28,732

 
25,754

International
18,068

 
14,701

 
34,003

 
29,214

Subtotal
33,758

 
28,023

 
62,735

 
54,968

Intersegment Elimination — United States
(441
)
 
(3
)
 
(444
)
 
(6
)
Intersegment Elimination — International
(202
)
 
(272
)
 
(530
)
 
(602
)
Total Downstream
33,115

 
27,748

 
61,761

 
54,360

All Other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
268

 
278

 
495

 
513

International
7

 
8

 
10

 
13

Subtotal
275

 
286

 
505

 
526

Intersegment Elimination — United States
(210
)
 
(231
)
 
(376
)
 
(414
)
Intersegment Elimination — International
(7
)
 
(7
)
 
(10
)
 
(12
)
Total All Other
58

 
48

 
119

 
100

Sales and Other Operating Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
21,002

 
16,735

 
38,848

 
32,642

International
26,955

 
21,561

 
51,549

 
42,660

Subtotal
47,957

 
38,296

 
90,397

 
75,302

Intersegment Elimination — United States
(3,836
)
 
(2,432
)
 
(6,762
)
 
(4,859
)
Intersegment Elimination — International
(3,630
)
 
(2,987
)
 
(7,176
)
 
(6,042
)
Total Sales and Other Operating Revenues
$
40,491

 
$
32,877

 
$
76,459

 
$
64,401

_____________________________
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
* The three-month and six-month comparative periods ended June 30, 2017, include excise, value-added and similar taxes of $1,771 million and $3,448 million, respectively, collected on behalf of third parties. Beginning in 2018, these taxes are netted in "Taxes other than on income" in accordance with ASU 2014-09. Refer to Note 17, "Revenue" beginning on page 24.
Note 8. Summarized Financial Data — Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
Chevron U.S.A. Inc. (CUSA) is a major subsidiary of Chevron Corporation. CUSA and its subsidiaries manage and operate most of Chevron’s U.S. businesses. Assets include those related to the exploration and production of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids and those associated with refining, marketing, and supply and distribution of products derived from petroleum, excluding most of the regulated pipeline operations of Chevron. CUSA also holds the company’s investment in the Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC joint venture, which is accounted for using the equity method.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)


The summarized financial information for CUSA and its consolidated subsidiaries is as follows:

Six Months Ended
June 30

2018
 
2017
 
(Millions of dollars)
Sales and other operating revenues*
$
60,298

 
$
49,814

Costs and other deductions*
58,782

 
49,592

Net income attributable to CUSA
1,806

 
775

_____________________________
 
 
 
* 2017 includes excise, value-added and similar taxes collected on behalf of third parties of $2,130 million. Beginning in
  2018, these taxes are netted in "Taxes other than on income" in accordance with ASU 2014-09.
 
At June 30
2018
 
At December 31
2017
 
(Millions of dollars)
Current assets
$
15,281

 
$
12,163

Other assets
55,533

 
54,994

Current liabilities
17,853

 
17,379

Other liabilities
13,013

 
12,541

Total CUSA net equity
$
39,948

 
$
37,237

Memo: Total debt
$
3,050

 
$
3,056

Note 9. Summarized Financial Data — Tengizchevroil LLP
Chevron has a 50 percent equity ownership interest in Tengizchevroil LLP (TCO). Summarized financial information for 100 percent of TCO is presented in the following table:
 
Six Months Ended
June 30
 
2018
 
2017
 
(Millions of dollars)
Sales and other operating revenues
$
8,891

 
$
6,671

Costs and other deductions
3,915

 
3,375

Net income attributable to TCO
3,502

 
2,327

Note 10. Summarized Financial Data — Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC
Chevron has a 50 percent equity ownership interest in Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC (CPChem). Summarized financial information for 100 percent of CPChem is presented in the table below:
 
Six Months Ended
June 30
 
2018
 
2017
 
(Millions of dollars)
Sales and other operating revenues
$
5,578

 
$
4,701

Costs and other deductions
4,653

 
3,787

Net income attributable to CPChem
1,235

 
1,093

Note 11. Employee Benefits
Chevron has defined benefit pension plans for many employees. The company typically prefunds defined benefit plans as required by local regulations or in certain situations where prefunding provides economic advantages. In the United States, all qualified plans are subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act minimum funding standard. The company does not typically fund U.S. nonqualified pension plans that are not subject to funding requirements under laws and regulations because contributions to these pension plans may be less economic and investment returns may be less attractive than the company’s other investment alternatives.
The company also sponsors other postretirement employee benefit (OPEB) plans that provide medical and dental benefits, as well as life insurance for some active and qualifying retired employees. The plans are unfunded, and the company and the retirees share the costs. For the company’s main U.S. medical plan, the increase to the

14

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)


pre-Medicare company contribution for retiree medical coverage is limited to no more than 4 percent each year. Certain life insurance benefits are paid by the company.
The components of net periodic benefit costs for 2018 and 2017 are as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
June 30
 
Six Months Ended
June 30
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(Millions of dollars)
Pension Benefits
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service cost
$
120

 
$
122

 
$
240

 
$
244

Interest cost
93

 
92

 
185

 
183

Expected return on plan assets
(159
)
 
(149
)
 
(318
)
 
(298
)
Amortization of prior service credits

 
(1
)
 
1

 
(2
)
Amortization of actuarial losses
76

 
85

 
152

 
170

Settlement losses
66

 
78

 
132

 
156

Total United States
196

 
227

 
392

 
453

International
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service cost
33

 
39

 
73

 
76

Interest cost
60

 
57

 
106

 
110

Expected return on plan assets
(65
)
 
(59
)
 
(131
)
 
(117
)
Amortization of prior service costs
4

 
3

 
6

 
6

Amortization of actuarial losses
6

 
13

 
17

 
22

Settlement losses

 

 

 

Total International
38

 
53

 
71

 
97

Net Periodic Pension Benefit Costs
$
234

 
$
280

 
$
463

 
$
550

Other Benefits*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service cost
$
8

 
$
8

 
$
21

 
$
16

Interest cost
27

 
25

 
48

 
48

Amortization of prior service costs
(7
)
 
(7
)
 
(14
)
 
(14
)
Amortization of actuarial losses
3

 
(2
)
 
7

 
(3
)
Net Periodic Other Benefit Costs
$
31

 
$
24

 
$
62

 
$
47

___________________________________
* Includes costs for U.S. and international OPEB plans. Obligations for plans outside the United States are not significant relative to the company’s total OPEB obligation.
Through June 30, 2018, a total of $531 million was contributed to employee pension plans (including $448 million to the U.S. plans). Total contributions for the full year are currently estimated to be $1.05 billion ($800 million for the U.S. plans and $250 million for the international plans). Actual contribution amounts are dependent upon plan investment returns, changes in pension obligations, regulatory requirements and other economic factors. Additional funding may ultimately be required if investment returns are insufficient to offset increases in plan obligations.
During the first six months of 2018, the company contributed $85 million to its OPEB plans. The company anticipates contributing approximately $89 million during the remainder of 2018.
Note 12. Income Taxes
The 2018 increase in income tax expense between quarterly periods of $996 million, from $487 million in 2017 to $1.48 billion in 2018, is a result of the year-over-year increase in total income before income tax expense, which is primarily due to effects of higher crude oil prices and higher production. The company’s effective tax rate changed between periods from 25 percent in 2017 to 30 percent in 2018. The change in effective tax rate is primarily a consequence of the mix effect resulting from the absolute level of earnings or losses and whether they arose in higher or lower tax rate jurisdictions.
The 2018 increase in income tax expense for the six months of $1.98 billion, from $917 million in 2017 to $2.9 billion in 2018, is a result of the year-over-year increase in total income before income tax expense, which is

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)


primarily due to effects of higher crude oil prices and higher production. The company’s effective tax rate changed between periods from 18 percent in 2017 to 29 percent in 2018. The change in effective tax rate is primarily a consequence of the mix effect resulting from the absolute level of earnings or losses and whether they arose in higher or lower tax rate jurisdictions.
U.S. tax reform resulted in the remeasurement of U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities in 2017. The final impact will be determined as the actual 2017 U.S. tax return is prepared and completed later in 2018, and this may result in a change to the provisional amounts that were recognized in 2017.
Tax positions for Chevron and its subsidiaries and affiliates are subject to income tax audits by many tax jurisdictions throughout the world. For the company’s major tax jurisdictions, examinations of tax returns for certain prior tax years had not been completed as of June 30, 2018. For these jurisdictions, the latest years for which income tax examinations had been finalized were as follows: United States — 2011, Nigeria — 2000, Australia — 2006 and Kazakhstan — 2007.
The company engages in ongoing discussions with tax authorities regarding the resolution of tax matters in the various jurisdictions. Both the outcomes for these tax matters and the timing of resolution and/or closure of the tax audits are highly uncertain. However, it is reasonably possible that developments regarding tax matters in certain tax jurisdictions may result in significant increases or decreases in the company’s total unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months. Given the number of years that still remain subject to examination and the number of matters being examined in the various tax jurisdictions, the company is unable to estimate the range of possible adjustments to the balance of unrecognized tax benefits.
Note 13. Litigation
MTBE Chevron and many other companies in the petroleum industry have used methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) as a gasoline additive. Chevron is a party to eight pending lawsuits and claims, the majority of which involve numerous other petroleum marketers and refiners. Resolution of these lawsuits and claims may ultimately require the company to correct or ameliorate the alleged effects on the environment of prior release of MTBE by the company or other parties. Additional lawsuits and claims related to the use of MTBE, including personal-injury claims, may be filed in the future. The company’s ultimate exposure related to pending lawsuits and claims is not determinable. The company no longer uses MTBE in the manufacture of gasoline in the United States.
Ecuador
Background Chevron is a defendant in a civil lawsuit initiated in the Superior Court of Nueva Loja in Lago Agrio, Ecuador, in May 2003 by plaintiffs who claim to be representatives of certain residents of an area where an oil production consortium formerly had operations. The lawsuit alleges damage to the environment from the oil exploration and production operations and seeks unspecified damages to fund environmental remediation and restoration of the alleged environmental harm, plus a health monitoring program. Until 1992, Texaco Petroleum Company (Texpet), a subsidiary of Texaco Inc., was a minority member of this consortium with Petroecuador, the Ecuadorian state-owned oil company, as the majority partner; since 1990, the operations have been conducted solely by Petroecuador. At the conclusion of the consortium and following an independent third-party environmental audit of the concession area, Texpet entered into a formal agreement with the Republic of Ecuador and Petroecuador for Texpet to remediate specific sites assigned by the government in proportion to Texpet’s ownership share of the consortium. Pursuant to that agreement, Texpet conducted a three-year remediation program at a cost of $40 million. After certifying that the sites were properly remediated, the government granted Texpet and all related corporate entities a full release from any and all environmental liability arising from the consortium operations.
Based on the history described above, Chevron believes that this lawsuit lacks legal or factual merit. As to matters of law, the company believes first, that the court lacks jurisdiction over Chevron; second, that the law under which plaintiffs bring the action, enacted in 1999, cannot be applied retroactively; third, that the claims are barred by the statute of limitations in Ecuador; and, fourth, that the lawsuit is also barred by the releases from liability previously given to Texpet by the Republic of Ecuador and Petroecuador and by the pertinent provincial and municipal governments. With regard to the facts, the company believes that the evidence confirms that Texpet’s remediation was properly conducted and that the remaining environmental damage reflects Petroecuador’s failure

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to timely fulfill its legal obligations and Petroecuador’s further conduct since assuming full control over the operations.
Lago Agrio Judgment In 2008, a mining engineer appointed by the court to identify and determine the cause of environmental damage, and to specify steps needed to remediate it, issued a report recommending that the court assess $18.9 billion, which would, according to the engineer, provide financial compensation for purported damages, including wrongful death claims, and pay for, among other items, environmental remediation, health care systems and additional infrastructure for Petroecuador. The engineer’s report also asserted that an additional $8.4 billion could be assessed against Chevron for unjust enrichment. In 2009, following the disclosure by Chevron of evidence that the judge participated in meetings in which businesspeople and individuals holding themselves out as government officials discussed the case and its likely outcome, the judge presiding over the case was recused. In 2010, Chevron moved to strike the mining engineer’s report and to dismiss the case based on evidence obtained through discovery in the United States indicating that the report was prepared by consultants for the plaintiffs before being presented as the mining engineer’s independent and impartial work and showing further evidence of misconduct. In August 2010, the judge issued an order stating that he was not bound by the mining engineer’s report and requiring the parties to provide their positions on damages within 45 days. Chevron subsequently petitioned for recusal of the judge, claiming that he had disregarded evidence of fraud and misconduct and that he had failed to rule on a number of motions within the statutory time requirement.
In September 2010, Chevron submitted its position on damages, asserting that no amount should be assessed against it. The plaintiffs’ submission, which relied in part on the mining engineer’s report, took the position that damages are between approximately $16 billion and $76 billion and that unjust enrichment should be assessed in an amount between approximately $5 billion and $38 billion. The next day, the judge issued an order closing the evidentiary phase of the case and notifying the parties that he had requested the case file so that he could prepare a judgment. Chevron petitioned to have that order declared a nullity in light of Chevron’s prior recusal petition, and because procedural and evidentiary matters remained unresolved. In October 2010, Chevron’s motion to recuse the judge was granted. A new judge took charge of the case and revoked the prior judge’s order closing the evidentiary phase of the case. On December 17, 2010, the judge issued an order closing the evidentiary phase of the case and notifying the parties that he had requested the case file so that he could prepare a judgment.
On February 14, 2011, the provincial court in Lago Agrio rendered an adverse judgment in the case. The court rejected Chevron’s defenses to the extent the court addressed them in its opinion. The judgment assessed approximately $8.6 billion in damages and approximately $900 million as an award for the plaintiffs’ representatives. It also assessed an additional amount of approximately $8.6 billion in punitive damages unless the company issued a public apology within 15 days of the judgment, which Chevron did not do. On February 17, 2011, the plaintiffs appealed the judgment, seeking increased damages, and on March 11, 2011, Chevron appealed the judgment seeking to have the judgment nullified. On January 3, 2012, an appellate panel in the provincial court affirmed the February 14, 2011 decision and ordered that Chevron pay additional attorneys’ fees in the amount of “0.10% of the values that are derived from the decisional act of this judgment.” The plaintiffs filed a petition to clarify and amplify the appellate decision on January 6, 2012, and the court issued a ruling in response on January 13, 2012, purporting to clarify and amplify its January 3, 2012 ruling, which included clarification that the deadline for the company to issue a public apology to avoid the additional amount of approximately $8.6 billion in punitive damages was within 15 days of the clarification ruling, or February 3, 2012. Chevron did not issue an apology because doing so might be mischaracterized as an admission of liability and would be contrary to facts and evidence submitted at trial. On January 20, 2012, Chevron appealed (called a petition for cassation) the appellate panel’s decision to Ecuador’s National Court of Justice. As part of the appeal, Chevron requested the suspension of any requirement that Chevron post a bond to prevent enforcement under Ecuadorian law of the judgment during the cassation appeal. On February 17, 2012, the appellate panel of the provincial court admitted Chevron’s cassation appeal in a procedural step necessary for the National Court of Justice to hear the appeal. The provincial court appellate panel denied Chevron’s request for suspension of the requirement that Chevron post a bond and stated that it would not comply with the First and Second Interim Awards of the international arbitration tribunal discussed below. On March 29, 2012, the matter was transferred from the provincial court to the National Court of Justice, and on November 22, 2012, the National Court agreed

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to hear Chevron's cassation appeal. On August 3, 2012, the provincial court in Lago Agrio approved a court-appointed liquidator’s report on damages that calculated the total judgment in the case to be $19.1 billion. On November 13, 2013, the National Court ratified the judgment but nullified the $8.6 billion punitive damage assessment, resulting in a judgment of $9.5 billion. On December 23, 2013, Chevron appealed the decision to the Ecuador Constitutional Court, Ecuador's highest court. The reporting justice of the Constitutional Court heard oral arguments on the appeal on July 16, 2015. On July 10, 2018, Ecuador's Constitutional Court released a decision rejecting Chevron's appeal, which sought to nullify the National Court of Justice's judgment against Chevron. No further appeals are available.
Lago Agrio Plaintiffs' Enforcement Actions Chevron has no assets in Ecuador and the Lago Agrio plaintiffs’ lawyers have stated in press releases and through other media that they will seek to enforce the Ecuadorian judgment in various countries and otherwise disrupt Chevron’s operations. On May 30, 2012, the Lago Agrio plaintiffs filed an action against Chevron Corporation, Chevron Canada Limited, and Chevron Canada Finance Limited in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice in Ontario, Canada, seeking to recognize and enforce the Ecuadorian judgment. On May 1, 2013, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice held that the Court has jurisdiction over Chevron and Chevron Canada Limited for purposes of the action, but stayed the action due to the absence of evidence that Chevron Corporation has assets in Ontario. The Lago Agrio plaintiffs appealed that decision and, on December 17, 2013, the Court of Appeal for Ontario affirmed the lower court’s decision on jurisdiction and set aside the stay, allowing the recognition and enforcement action to be heard in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice. Chevron appealed the decision to the Supreme Court of Canada and, on September 4, 2015, the Supreme Court dismissed the appeal and affirmed that the Ontario Superior Court of Justice has jurisdiction over Chevron and Chevron Canada Limited for purposes of the action. The recognition and enforcement proceeding and related preliminary motions are proceeding in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice. On January 20, 2017, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice granted Chevron Canada Limited’s and Chevron Corporation’s motions for summary judgment, concluding that the two companies are separate legal entities with separate rights and obligations. As a result, the Superior Court dismissed the recognition and enforcement claim against Chevron Canada Limited.  Chevron Corporation still remains as a defendant in the action. On February 3, 2017, the Lago Agrio plaintiffs appealed the Superior Court's January 20, 2017 decision. On May 24, 2018, the Court of Appeal for Ontario upheld the Superior Court’s grant of Chevron Canada Limited’s and Chevron Corporation’s motions for summary judgment based on corporate separateness grounds and the dismissal of Chevron Canada Limited from the case. On June 22, 2018, the Lago Agrio plaintiffs filed leave to appeal the decision of the Court of Appeal for Ontario to the Supreme Court of Canada.
On June 27, 2012, the Lago Agrio plaintiffs filed a complaint against Chevron Corporation in the Superior Court of Justice in Brasilia, Brazil, seeking to recognize and enforce the Ecuadorian judgment. Chevron has answered the complaint. In accordance with Brazilian procedure, the matter was referred to the public prosecutor for a nonbinding opinion of the issues raised in the complaint. On May 13, 2015, the public prosecutor issued its nonbinding opinion and recommended that the Superior Court of Justice reject the plaintiffs’ recognition and enforcement request, finding, among other things, that the Lago Agrio judgment was procured through fraud and corruption and cannot be recognized in Brazil because it violates Brazilian and international public order. On November 29, 2017, the Superior Court of Justice issued a decision dismissing the Lago Agrio plaintiffs’ recognition and enforcement proceeding based on jurisdictional grounds. On June 15, 2018, this decision became a final judgment in Brazil. No further appeals are available.
On October 15, 2012, the provincial court in Lago Agrio issued an ex parte embargo order that purports to order the seizure of assets belonging to separate Chevron subsidiaries in Ecuador, Argentina and Colombia. On November 6, 2012, at the request of the Lago Agrio plaintiffs, a court in Argentina issued a Freeze Order against Chevron Argentina S.R.L. and another Chevron subsidiary, Ingeniero Norberto Priu, requiring shares of both companies to be "embargoed," requiring third parties to withhold 40 percent of any payments due to Chevron Argentina S.R.L. and ordering banks to withhold 40 percent of the funds in Chevron Argentina S.R.L. bank accounts. On December 14, 2012, the Argentinean court rejected a motion to revoke the Freeze Order but modified it by ordering that third parties are not required to withhold funds but must report their payments. The court also clarified that the Freeze Order relating to bank accounts excludes taxes. On January 30, 2013, an appellate court

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upheld the Freeze Order, but on June 4, 2013, the Supreme Court of Argentina revoked the Freeze Order in its entirety. On December 12, 2013, the Lago Agrio plaintiffs served Chevron with notice of their filing of an enforcement proceeding in the National Court, First Instance, of Argentina. Chevron filed its answer on February 27, 2014 to which the Lago Agrio plaintiffs responded on December 29, 2015. On April 19, 2016, the public prosecutor in Argentina issued a non-binding opinion recommending to the National Court, First Instance, of Argentina that it reject the Lago Agrio plaintiffs' request to recognize the Ecuadorian judgment in Argentina. On February 24, 2017, the public prosecutor in Argentina issued a supplemental opinion reaffirming its previous recommendations. On November 1, 2017, the National Court, First Instance, of Argentina issued a decision dismissing the Lago Agrio plaintiffs' recognition and enforcement proceeding based on jurisdictional grounds. On November 2, 2017, the Lago Agrio plaintiffs appealed this decision to the Federal Civil Court of Appeals. On July 3, 2018, the Federal Civil Court of Appeals affirmed the National Court, First Instance’s, dismissal of the Lago Agrio plaintiffs’ recognition and enforcement action based on jurisdictional grounds.
Chevron continues to believe the provincial court’s judgment is illegitimate and unenforceable in Ecuador, the United States and other countries. The company also believes the judgment is the product of fraud, and contrary to the legitimate scientific evidence. Chevron cannot predict the timing or ultimate outcome of any enforcement action. Chevron expects to continue a vigorous defense of any imposition of liability and to contest and defend any and all enforcement actions.
Company's Bilateral Investment Treaty Arbitration Claims Chevron and Texpet filed an arbitration claim in September 2009 against the Republic of Ecuador before an arbitral tribunal presiding in the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague under the Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. The claim alleges violations of the Republic of Ecuador’s obligations under the United States–Ecuador Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) and breaches of the settlement and release agreements between the Republic of Ecuador and Texpet (described above), which are investment agreements protected by the BIT. Through the arbitration, Chevron and Texpet are seeking relief against the Republic of Ecuador, including a declaration that any judgment against Chevron in the Lago Agrio litigation constitutes a violation of Ecuador’s obligations under the BIT. On January 25, 2012, the Tribunal issued its First Interim Measures Award requiring the Republic of Ecuador to take all measures at its disposal to suspend or cause to be suspended the enforcement or recognition within and without Ecuador of any judgment against Chevron in the Lago Agrio case pending further order of the Tribunal. On February 16, 2012, the Tribunal issued a Second Interim Award mandating that the Republic of Ecuador take all measures necessary (whether by its judicial, legislative or executive branches) to suspend or cause to be suspended the enforcement and recognition within and without Ecuador of the judgment against Chevron. On February 27, 2012, the Tribunal issued a Third Interim Award confirming its jurisdiction to hear Chevron's arbitration claims. On February 7, 2013, the Tribunal issued its Fourth Interim Award in which it declared that the Republic of Ecuador “has violated the First and Second Interim Awards under the [BIT], the UNCITRAL Rules and international law in regard to the finalization and enforcement subject to execution of the Lago Agrio Judgment within and outside Ecuador, including (but not limited to) Canada, Brazil and Argentina.” The Republic of Ecuador subsequently filed in the District Court of the Hague a request to set aside the Tribunal’s Interim Awards and the First Partial Award (described below), and on January 20, 2016, the District Court denied the Republic's request. On April 13, 2016, the Republic of Ecuador appealed the decision. On July 18, 2017, the Appeals Court of the Hague denied the Republic's appeal. On October 18, 2017, the Republic appealed the decision of the Appeals Court of the Hague to the Supreme Court of the Netherlands.
The Tribunal has divided the merits phase of the proceeding into three phases. On September 17, 2013, the Tribunal issued its First Partial Award from Phase One, finding that the settlement agreements between the Republic of Ecuador and Texpet applied to Texpet and Chevron, released Texpet and Chevron from claims based on "collective" or "diffuse" rights arising from Texpet's operations in the former concession area and precluded third parties from asserting collective/diffuse rights environmental claims relating to Texpet's operations in the former concession area but did not preclude individual claims for personal harm. The Tribunal held a hearing on April 29-30, 2014, to address remaining issues relating to Phase One, and on March 12, 2015, it issued a nonbinding decision that the Lago Agrio plaintiffs' complaint, on its face, includes claims not barred by the settlement agreement between the Republic of Ecuador and Texpet. In the same decision, the Tribunal deferred

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to Phase Two remaining issues from Phase One, including whether the Republic of Ecuador breached the 1995 settlement agreement and the remedies that are available to Chevron and Texpet as a result of that breach. Phase Two issues were addressed at a hearing held in April and May 2015. The Tribunal has not set a date for Phase Three, the damages phase of the arbitration.
Company's RICO Action Through a series of U.S. court proceedings initiated by Chevron to obtain discovery relating to the Lago Agrio litigation and the BIT arbitration, Chevron obtained evidence that it believes shows a pattern of fraud, collusion, corruption, and other misconduct on the part of several lawyers, consultants and others acting for the Lago Agrio plaintiffs. In February 2011, Chevron filed a civil lawsuit in the Federal District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Lago Agrio plaintiffs and several of their lawyers, consultants and supporters, alleging violations of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act and other state laws. Through the civil lawsuit, Chevron sought relief that included a declaration that any judgment against Chevron in the Lago Agrio litigation is the result of fraud and other unlawful conduct and is therefore unenforceable. The trial commenced on October 15, 2013 and concluded on November 22, 2013. On March 4, 2014, the Federal District Court entered a judgment in favor of Chevron, prohibiting the defendants from seeking to enforce the Lago Agrio judgment in the United States and further prohibiting them from profiting from their illegal acts. The defendants appealed the Federal District Court's decision, and, on April 20, 2015, a panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit heard oral arguments. On August 8, 2016, the Second Circuit issued a unanimous opinion affirming in full the judgment of the Federal District Court in favor of Chevron. On October 27, 2016, the Second Circuit denied the defendants' petitions for en banc rehearing of the opinion on their appeal. On March 27, 2017, two of the defendants filed a petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the United States Supreme Court. On June 19, 2017, the United States Supreme Court denied the defendants' petition for a Writ of Certiorari.
Management's Assessment The ultimate outcome of the foregoing matters, including any financial effect on Chevron, remains uncertain. Management does not believe an estimate of a reasonably possible loss (or a range of loss) can be made in this case. Due to the defects associated with the Ecuadorian judgment, the 2008 engineer’s report on alleged damages and the September 2010 plaintiffs’ submission on alleged damages, management does not believe these documents have any utility in calculating a reasonably possible loss (or a range of loss). Moreover, the highly uncertain legal environment surrounding the case provides no basis for management to estimate a reasonably possible loss (or a range of loss).
Note 14. Other Contingencies and Commitments
Income Taxes The company calculates its income tax expense and liabilities quarterly. These liabilities generally are subject to audit and are not finalized with the individual taxing authorities until several years after the end of the annual period for which income taxes have been calculated. Refer to Note 12 on page 16 for a discussion of the periods for which tax returns have been audited for the company’s major tax jurisdictions.
Settlement of open tax years, as well as other tax issues in countries where the company conducts its businesses, are not expected to have a material effect on the consolidated financial position or liquidity of the company and, in the opinion of management, adequate provision has been made for income taxes for all years under examination or subject to future examination.
Guarantees The company and its subsidiaries have certain contingent liabilities with respect to guarantees, direct or indirect, of debt of affiliated companies or third parties. Under the terms of the guarantee arrangements, the company would generally be required to perform should the affiliated company or third party fail to fulfill its obligations under the arrangements. In some cases, the guarantee arrangements may have recourse provisions that would enable the company to recover any payments made under the terms of the guarantees from assets provided as collateral.
Indemnifications In the acquisition of Unocal, the company assumed certain indemnities relating to contingent environmental liabilities associated with assets that were sold in 1997. The acquirer of those assets shared in certain environmental remediation costs up to a maximum obligation of $200 million, which had been reached at December 31, 2009. Under the indemnification agreement, after reaching the $200 million obligation, Chevron is solely responsible until April 2022, when the indemnification expires. The environmental conditions or events that are subject to these indemnities must have arisen prior to the sale of the assets in 1997.

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Although the company has provided for known obligations under this indemnity that are probable and reasonably estimable, the amount of additional future costs may be material to results of operations in the period in which they are recognized. The company does not expect these costs will have a material effect on its consolidated financial position or liquidity.
Off-Balance-Sheet Obligations The company and its subsidiaries have certain contingent liabilities with respect to long-term unconditional purchase obligations and commitments, including throughput and take-or-pay agreements, some of which relate to suppliers’ financing arrangements. The agreements typically provide goods and services, such as pipeline and storage capacity, drill ships, utilities, and petroleum products, to be used or sold in the ordinary course of the company’s business.
Environmental The company is subject to loss contingencies pursuant to laws, regulations, private claims and legal proceedings related to environmental matters that are subject to legal settlements or that in the future may require the company to take action to correct or ameliorate the effects on the environment of prior release of chemicals or petroleum substances, including MTBE, by the company or other parties. Such contingencies may exist for various sites, including, but not limited to, federal Superfund sites and analogous sites under state laws, refineries, crude oil fields, service stations, terminals, land development areas, and mining activities, whether operating, closed or divested. These future costs are not fully determinable due to such factors as the unknown magnitude of possible contamination, the unknown timing and extent of the corrective actions that may be required, the determination of the company’s liability in proportion to other responsible parties, and the extent to which such costs are recoverable from third parties.
Although the company has provided for known environmental obligations that are probable and reasonably estimable, the amount of additional future costs may be material to results of operations in the period in which they are recognized. The company does not expect these costs will have a material effect on its consolidated financial position or liquidity. Also, the company does not believe its obligations to make such expenditures have had, or will have, any significant impact on the company’s competitive position relative to other U.S. or international petroleum or chemical companies.
Other Contingencies Governmental entities in California and other jurisdictions have filed legal proceedings against fossil fuel producing companies, including Chevron, purporting to seek legal and equitable relief to address alleged impacts of climate change. Further such proceedings are likely to be filed by other parties. The unprecedented legal theories set forth in these proceedings entail the possibility of damages liability and injunctions against the production of all fossil fuels that, while we believe remote, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition. Management believes that these proceedings are legally and factually meritless and detract from constructive efforts to address the important policy issues presented by climate change, and will vigorously defend against such proceedings.
Chevron receives claims from and submits claims to customers; trading partners; joint venture partners; U.S. federal, state and local regulatory bodies; governments; contractors; insurers; suppliers; and individuals. The amounts of these claims, individually and in the aggregate, may be significant and take lengthy periods to resolve, and may result in gains or losses in future periods.
The company and its affiliates also continue to review and analyze their operations and may close, abandon, sell, exchange, acquire or restructure assets to achieve operational or strategic benefits and to improve competitiveness and profitability. These activities, individually or together, may result in significant gains or losses in future periods.
Note 15. Fair Value Measurements
The three levels of the fair value hierarchy of inputs the company uses to measure the fair value of an asset or liability are described as follows:
Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. For the company, Level 1 inputs include exchange-traded futures contracts for which the parties are willing to transact at the exchange-quoted price and marketable securities that are actively traded.
Level 2: Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly. For the company, Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, prices obtained through third-party broker

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quotes and prices that can be corroborated with other observable inputs for substantially the complete term of a contract.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs. The company does not use Level 3 inputs for any of its recurring fair value measurements. Level 3 inputs may be required for the determination of fair value associated with certain nonrecurring measurements of nonfinancial assets and liabilities.
The fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, is as follows:
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
(Millions of dollars)
 
At June 30, 2018
 
At December 31, 2017
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Marketable Securities
$
58

 
$
58

 
$

 
$

 
$
9

 
$
9

 
$

 
$

Derivatives
7

 
1

 
6

 

 
22

 

 
22

 

Total Assets at Fair Value
$
65

 
$
59

 
$
6

 
$

 
$
31

 
$
9

 
$
22

 
$

Derivatives
184

 
117

 
67

 

 
124

 
78

 
46

 

Total Liabilities at Fair Value
$
184

 
$
117

 
$
67

 
$

 
$
124

 
$
78

 
$
46

 
$

Marketable Securities The company calculates fair value for its marketable securities based on quoted market prices for identical assets. The fair values reflect the cash that would have been received if the instruments were sold at June 30, 2018.
Derivatives The company records its derivative instruments — other than any commodity derivative contracts that are designated as normal purchase and normal sale — on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value, with the offsetting amount to the Consolidated Statement of Income. Derivatives classified as Level 1 include futures, swaps and options contracts traded in active markets such as the New York Mercantile Exchange. Derivatives classified as Level 2 include swaps, options and forward contracts principally with financial institutions and other oil and gas companies, the fair values of which are obtained from third-party broker quotes, industry pricing services and exchanges. The company obtains multiple sources of pricing information for the Level 2 instruments. Since this pricing information is generated from observable market data, it has historically been very consistent. The company does not materially adjust this information.
Assets carried at fair value at June 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, are as follows:
Cash and Cash Equivalents The company holds cash equivalents in U.S. and non-U.S. portfolios. The instruments classified as cash equivalents are primarily bank time deposits with maturities of 90 days or less, and money market funds. “Cash and cash equivalents” had carrying/fair values of $7.6 billion and $4.8 billion at June 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively. The fair values of cash and cash equivalents are classified as Level 1 and reflect the cash that would have been received if the instruments were settled at June 30, 2018.
Restricted Cash had a carrying/fair value of $1.1 billion and $1.1 billion at June 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively. At June 30, 2018, restricted cash is classified as Level 1 and includes restricted funds related to certain upstream abandonment activities, tax payments and refundable deposits related to pending asset sales, which are reported in "Prepaid expenses and other current assets" and “Deferred charges and other assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Long-Term Debt had a net carrying value, excluding amounts reclassified from short-term, of $19.8 billion and $23.5 billion at June 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively. The fair value of long-term debt at June 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017 was $19.7 billion and $23.9 billion, respectively. Long-term debt primarily includes corporate issued bonds. The fair value of corporate bonds classified as Level 1 is $18.9 billion. The fair value of other long-term debt classified as Level 2 is $0.8 billion.
The carrying values of other short-term financial assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet approximate their fair values. Fair value remeasurements of other financial instruments at June 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, were not material.

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The fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at June 30, 2018, is as follows:
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
(Millions of dollars)
 
At June 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Before-Tax Loss
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Three
Months
Ended
 
Six
Months
Ended
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Properties, plant and equipment, net (held and used)
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 Properties, plant and equipment, net (held for sale)
88

 

 
88

 

 
134

 
297

 Investments and advances

 

 

 

 

 
1

 Total Assets at Fair Value
$
88

 
$

 
$
88

 
$

 
$
134

 
$
298

Properties, plant and equipment The company did not have any individually material impairments of long-lived assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis to report in second quarter 2018.
Investments and advances The company did not have any material impairments of investments and advances measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis to report in second quarter 2018.
Note 16. Financial and Derivative Instruments
The company’s derivative instruments principally include crude oil, natural gas and refined product futures, swaps, options, and forward contracts. None of the company’s derivative instruments are designated as hedging instruments, although certain of the company’s affiliates make such a designation. The company’s derivatives are not material to the company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity. The company believes it has no material market or credit risks to its operations, financial position or liquidity as a result of its commodities and other derivatives activities.
The company uses derivative commodity instruments traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange and on electronic platforms of the Inter-Continental Exchange and Chicago Mercantile Exchange. In addition, the company enters into swap contracts and option contracts principally with major financial institutions and other oil and gas companies in the “over-the-counter” markets, which are governed by International Swaps and Derivatives Association agreements and other master netting arrangements.
Derivative instruments measured at fair value at June 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, and their classification on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and Consolidated Statement of Income are as follows:
Consolidated Balance Sheet: Fair Value of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
(Millions of dollars)
Type of
Contract
 
Balance Sheet Classification
 
At June 30
2018
 
At December 31
2017
Commodity
 
Accounts and notes receivable, net
 
$
7

 
$
22

Commodity
 
Long-term receivables, net
 

 

Total Assets at Fair Value
 
$
7

 
$
22

Commodity
 
Accounts payable
 
$
171

 
$
122

Commodity
 
Deferred credits and other noncurrent obligations
 
13

 
2

Total Liabilities at Fair Value
 
$
184

 
$
124


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Consolidated Statement of Income: The Effect of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
(Millions of dollars)
 
 
 
 
Gain / (Loss)
Three Months Ended
June 30
 
Gain / (Loss)
Six Months Ended
June 30
Type of
Contract
 
Statement of Income Classification
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Commodity
 
Sales and other operating revenues
 
$
(165
)
 
$
116

 
$
(177
)
 
$
278

Commodity
 
Purchased crude oil and products
 
(18
)
 
6

 
(26
)
 
10

Commodity
 
Other income
 
1

 
(1
)
 

 
(3
)
 
 
 
 
$
(182
)
 
$
121

 
$
(203
)
 
$
285

The table below represents gross and net derivative assets and liabilities subject to netting agreements on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at June 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017.
Consolidated Balance Sheet: The Effect of Netting Derivative Assets and Liabilities
(Millions of dollars)
 
 
Gross Amount Recognized
 
Gross Amounts Offset
 
Net Amounts Presented
 
 Gross Amounts Not Offset
 
Net Amount
At June 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative Assets
 
$
2,700

 
$
2,693

 
$
7

 
$

 
$
7

Derivative Liabilities
 
$
2,877

 
$
2,693

 
$
184

 
$

 
$
184

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative Assets
 
$
1,169

 
$
1,147

 
$
22

 
$

 
$
22

Derivative Liabilities
 
$
1,271

 
$
1,147

 
$
124

 
$

 
$
124

Derivative assets and liabilities are classified on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as accounts and notes receivable, long-term receivables, accounts payable, and deferred credits and other noncurrent obligations. Amounts not offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet represent positions that do not meet all the conditions for "a right of offset."
Note 17. Revenue
On January 1, 2018, Chevron adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606), and its related amendments using the modified retrospective transition method, which did not require the restatement of prior periods. The adoption did not result in a material change in the company’s accounting or have a material effect on the company’s financial position, including the measurement of revenue, the timing of revenue recognition and the recognition of contract assets, liabilities and related costs.
The most significant change is the presentation of excise, value-added and similar taxes collected on behalf of third parties, which are no longer presented within “Sales and other operating revenue” on the Consolidated Statement of Income starting in 2018. These taxes, which totaled $3.9 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2018, are now netted in “Taxes other than on income” in the Consolidated Statement of Income. This change to presentation had no impact on earnings. In the six months ended June 30, 2017, these taxes totaled $3.4 billion.
Under the new standard, the company accounts for commodity delivery orders as separate performance obligations. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligation is satisfied, which continues to typically occur at the point in time when control of the product transfers to the customer. Payment is generally due within 30 days from delivery. The company has elected to account for delivery transportation as a fulfillment cost, not a separate performance obligation. These costs continue to be recognized as an operating expense in the period when revenue for the related commodity is recognized.
Revenue is measured as the amount the company expects to receive in exchange for transferring commodities to the customer. The company’s commodity sales are typically based on prevailing market-based prices and may


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)


include discounts and allowances. Until market prices become known under terms of the company’s contracts, the transaction price included in revenue is based on the company’s estimate of the most likely outcome.
Discounts and allowances are estimated using a combination of historical and recent data trends. When deliveries contain multiple products, an observable standalone selling price is generally used to measure revenue for each product. The company includes estimates in the transaction price only to the extent that a significant reversal of revenue is not probable in subsequent periods.
The company applied the optional exemption to not report any unfulfilled performance obligations related to contracts that have terms of less than one year. The amount of future revenue for unfulfilled performance obligations under long-term contracts with fixed components was insignificant for the six months ended June 30, 2018.
Revenue from contracts with customers is presented in “Sales and other operating revenue” along with some activity that is accounted for outside the scope of ASC 606, which is not material to this line, on the Consolidated Statement of Income. Purchases and sales of inventory with the same counterparty that are entered into in contemplation of one another (including buy/sell arrangements) are combined and recorded on a net basis and reported in “purchased crude oil and products” on the Consolidated Statement of Income. Refer to Note 7 - Operating Segments and Geographical Data beginning on page 11 for additional information on the company’s segmentation of revenue.
Receivables related to revenue from contracts with customers are included in “Accounts and notes receivable, net” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts. The net balance of these receivables was $9.8 billion and $11.2 billion at January 1, 2018 and June 30, 2018, respectively. Other items included in “Accounts and notes receivable, net” represent amounts due from partners for their share of joint venture operating and project costs and amounts due from others, primarily related to derivatives, leases, buy/sell arrangements and product exchanges, which are accounted for outside the scope of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.
Contract assets and related costs are reflected in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” and contract liabilities are reflected in “Accrued liabilities” and “Deferred credits and other noncurrent obligations” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Amounts for these items are not material to the company’s financial position.

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Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Second Quarter 2018 Compared with Second Quarter 2017
And Six Months 2018 Compared with Six Months 2017

Key Financial Results
Earnings by Business Segment
 
Three Months Ended
June 30
 
Six Months Ended
June 30
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(Millions of dollars)
Upstream
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
$
838

 
$
(102
)
 
$
1,486

 
$
(22
)
International
2,457

 
955

 
5,161

 
2,392

Total Upstream
3,295

 
853

 
6,647

 
2,370

Downstream
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
657

 
634

 
1,099

 
1,103

International
181

 
561

 
467

 
1,018

Total Downstream
838

 
1,195

 
1,566

 
2,121

Total Segment Earnings
4,133

 
2,048

 
8,213

 
4,491

All Other
(724
)
 
(598
)
 
(1,166
)
 
(359
)
Net Income Attributable to Chevron Corporation (1) (2)
$
3,409

 
$
1,450

 
$
7,047

 
$
4,132

__________________________________________
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) Includes foreign currency effects
$
265

 
$
3

 
$
394

 
$
(238
)
(2) Income net of tax; also referred to as “earnings” in the discussions that follow.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to Chevron Corporation for second quarter 2018 was $3.41 billion ($1.78 per share — diluted), compared with earnings of $1.45 billion ($0.77 per share — diluted) in the corresponding 2017 period. Net income attributable to Chevron Corporation for the first six months of 2018 was $7.05 billion ($3.68 per share — diluted), compared with $4.13 billion ($2.18 per share — diluted) in the first six months of 2017.
Upstream earnings in second quarter 2018 were $3.30 billion compared with $853 million a year earlier. Earnings for the first six months of 2018 were $6.65 billion compared with $2.37 billion a year earlier. In both periods, the increase was due to higher crude oil realizations and higher natural gas sales volumes.
Downstream earnings in second quarter 2018 were $838 million compared with $1.20 billion in the corresponding 2017 period. The decrease was primarily due to lower margins on refined product sales. Earnings for the first six months of 2018 were $1.57 billion compared with $2.12 billion in the corresponding 2017 period. The decrease was due to lower margins on refined product sales, partially offset by lower tax expenses and higher equity earnings from the 50 percent-owned Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC.
Refer to pages 30 through 32 for additional discussion of results by business segment and “All Other” activities for second quarter and first six months of 2018 versus the same periods in 2017.
Business Environment and Outlook
Chevron Corporation* is a global energy company with substantial business activities in the following countries: Angola, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Denmark, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Myanmar, Nigeria, the Partitioned Zone between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, Philippines, Republic of Congo, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Thailand, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Venezuela.
Earnings of the company depend mostly on the profitability of its upstream business segment. The biggest factor affecting the results of operations for the upstream segment is the price of crude oil, which is determined in global markets outside of the company’s control. In the company's downstream business, crude oil is the largest

_____________________
* Incorporated in Delaware in 1926 as Standard Oil Company of California, the company adopted the name Chevron Corporation in 1984 and ChevronTexaco Corporation in 2001. In 2005, ChevronTexaco Corporation changed its name to Chevron Corporation. As used in this report, the term “Chevron” and such terms as “the company,” “the corporation,” “our,” “we” , “us” and "its" may refer to Chevron Corporation, one or more of its consolidated subsidiaries, or all of them taken as a whole, but unless stated otherwise they do not include “affiliates” of Chevron — i.e., those companies generally owned 50 percent or less. All of these terms are used for convenience only and are not intended as a precise description of any of the separate companies, each of which manages its own affairs.
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cost component of refined products. It is the company's objective to deliver competitive results and shareholder value in any business environment. Periods of sustained lower prices could result in the impairment or write-off of specific assets in future periods and cause the company to adjust operating expenses and capital and exploratory expenditures, along with other measures intended to improve financial performance.
The effective tax rate for the company can change substantially during periods of significant earnings volatility. This is due to the mix effects that are impacted both by the absolute level of earnings or losses and whether they arise in higher or lower tax rate jurisdictions. As a result, a decline or increase in the effective tax rate in one period may not be indicative of expected results in future periods. Note 12 provides the company’s effective income tax rate for the second quarters of 2018 and 2017.
Refer to the "Cautionary Statement Relevant to Forward-Looking Information" on page 2 and to "Risk Factors" on pages 19 through 22 of the company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of some of the inherent risks that could materially impact the company's results of operations or financial condition.
The company continually evaluates opportunities to dispose of assets that are not expected to provide sufficient long-term value or to acquire assets or operations complementary to its asset base to help augment the company’s financial performance and value growth. The company's asset sale program for 2018 through 2020 is targeting before-tax proceeds of $5-10 billion. Asset dispositions and restructurings may also occur in future periods and could result in significant gains or losses.
The company closely monitors developments in the financial and credit markets, the level of worldwide economic activity, and the implications for the company of movements in prices for crude oil and natural gas. Management takes these developments into account in the conduct of daily operations and for business planning.
Comments related to earnings trends for the company’s major business areas are as follows:
Upstream Earnings for the upstream segment are closely aligned with industry prices for crude oil and natural gas. Crude oil and natural gas prices are subject to external factors over which the company has no control, including product demand connected with global economic conditions, industry production and inventory levels, technology advancements, production quotas or other actions imposed by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) or other producers, actions of regulators, weather-related damage and disruptions, competing fuel prices, and regional supply interruptions or fears thereof that may be caused by military conflicts, civil unrest or political uncertainty. Any of these factors could also inhibit the company’s production capacity in an affected region. The company closely monitors developments in the countries in which it operates and holds investments, and seeks to manage risks in operating its facilities and businesses. The longer-term trend in earnings for the upstream segment is also a function of other factors, including the company’s ability to find or acquire and efficiently produce crude oil and natural gas, changes in fiscal terms of contracts, and changes in tax laws and regulations.
The company continues to actively manage its schedule of work, contracting, procurement and supply-chain activities to effectively manage costs. However, price levels for capital and exploratory costs and operating expenses associated with the production of crude oil and natural gas can be subject to external factors beyond the company’s control including, among other things, the general level of inflation, tariffs or other taxes imposed on goods or services, commodity