Document
Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
FORM 10-Q
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
(Mark One)
[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
For the quarterly period ended June 27, 2016
OR
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 001-36432
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Papa Murphy’s Holdings, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Delaware
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
 
27-2349094
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
8000 NE Parkway Drive, Suite 350
Vancouver, WA
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
98662
(Zip Code)
(360) 260-7272
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X]. No [ ].
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes [X]. No [ ].
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “accelerated filer,” “large accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer [ ]
 
Accelerated filer [X]
Non-accelerated filer [ ]
 
Smaller reporting company [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [ ]. No [X].
At July 29, 2016, there were 16,957,420 shares of the Registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding.


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Papa Murphy’s Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income (Loss)
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
 
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Franchise royalties
$
9,538

 
$
9,753

 
$
20,034

 
$
20,433

Franchise and development fees
574

 
830

 
1,528

 
1,970

Company-owned store sales
19,470

 
18,156

 
40,144

 
35,323

Other
312

 
382

 
1,173

 
564

Total revenues
29,894

 
29,121

 
62,879

 
58,290

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Costs and Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Store operating costs:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of food and packaging
6,781

 
6,443

 
14,053

 
12,533

Compensation and benefits
5,577

 
4,722

 
11,311

 
9,076

Advertising
1,897

 
1,753

 
4,063

 
3,422

Occupancy
1,503

 
1,174

 
2,878

 
2,176

Other store operating costs
2,555

 
1,856

 
4,846

 
3,301

Selling, general and administrative
5,912

 
8,162

 
14,967

 
15,045

Depreciation and amortization
2,915

 
2,420

 
5,630

 
4,739

(Gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment
(59
)
 
3

 
(5
)
 
62

Total costs and expenses
27,081

 
26,533

 
57,743

 
50,354

Operating Income
2,813

 
2,588

 
5,136

 
7,936

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense, net
1,208

 
1,143

 
2,387

 
2,273

Loss on impairment of investments
—

 
4,500

 
—

 
4,500

Other expense, net
43

 
44

 
85

 
46

Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes
1,562

 
(3,099
)
 
2,664

 
1,117

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
610

 
(1,160
)
 
1,070

 
460

Net Income (Loss)
952

 
(1,939
)
 
1,594

 
657

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
—

 
500

 
—

 
500

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Papa Murphy’s
$
952

 
$
(1,439
)
 
$
1,594

 
$
1,157

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings (loss) per share of common stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.06

 
$
(0.09
)
 
$
0.10

 
$
0.07

Diluted
$
0.06

 
$
(0.09
)
 
$
0.10

 
$
0.07

Weighted average common stock outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
16,744,553

 
16,629,666

 
16,730,581

 
16,616,936

Diluted
16,766,587

 
16,629,666

 
16,760,578

 
16,872,504

See accompanying notes.

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Papa Murphy’s Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except par value and share data)
June 27, 2016
 
December 28, 2015
ASSETS
 
 
 
Current Assets
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
435

 
$
6,867

Accounts receivable, net
2,824

 
4,944

Current portion of notes receivable
85

 
78

Inventories
967

 
868

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
5,087

 
6,139

Total current assets
9,398

 
18,896

Property and equipment, net
27,816

 
21,261

Notes receivable, net of current portion
99

 
143

Goodwill
108,462

 
106,506

Trade name and trademarks
87,002

 
87,002

Definite-life intangibles, net
38,844

 
41,366

Other assets
405

 
297

Total assets
$
272,026

 
$
275,471

 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
Current Liabilities
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
5,446

 
$
9,798

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
7,789

 
9,756

Current portion of unearned franchise and development fees
1,630

 
1,795

Current portion of long-term debt
3,679

 
2,800

Total current liabilities
18,544

 
24,149

Long-term debt, net of current portion
107,195

 
108,237

Unearned franchise and development fees, net of current portion
358

 
540

Deferred tax liability
42,671

 
42,439

Other long-term liabilities
3,268

 
2,450

Total liabilities
172,036

 
177,815

Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)


 


 
 
 
 
Stockholders’ Equity
 
 
 
Preferred stock ($0.01 par value; 15,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued)
—

 
—

Common stock ($0.01 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 16,957,420 and 16,949,720 shares issued, respectively)
170

 
169

Additional paid-in capital
119,481

 
118,842

Stock subscriptions receivable
—

 
(100
)
Accumulated deficit
(19,661
)
 
(21,255
)
Total stockholders’ equity
99,990

 
97,656

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
272,026

 
$
275,471

See accompanying notes.

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Papa Murphy’s Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 
Six Months Ended
(In thousands)
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
Operating Activities
 
 
 
Net income
$
1,594

 
$
657

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
—

 
500

Net income attributable to Papa Murphy’s
1,594

 
1,157

Adjustments to reconcile to cash from operating activities
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
5,630

 
4,739

(Gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment
(5
)
 
62

Non-cash employee equity compensation
427

 
656

Loss on impairment of cost-method investment
—

 
4,000

Other non-cash items
158

 
485

Change in operating assets and liabilities
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
1,984

 
556

Prepaid expenses and other assets
1,072

 
(1,050
)
Unearned franchise and development fees
(347
)
 
(678
)
Accounts payable
(3,840
)
 
1,296

Accrued expenses and other liabilities
(1,520
)
 
(1,025
)
Deferred taxes
232

 
(468
)
Net cash from operating activities
5,385

 
9,730

 
 
 
 
Investing Activities
 
 
 
Acquisition of property and equipment
(9,533
)
 
(2,834
)
Acquisition of stores, less cash acquired
(2,449
)
 
(9,343
)
Proceeds from sale of stores
136

 
—

Issuance of notes receivable
—

 
(250
)
Payments received on notes receivable
37

 
32

Investment in cost-method investee
—

 
(500
)
Net cash from investing activities
(11,809
)
 
(12,895
)
 
 
 
 
Financing Activities
 
 
 
Payments on long-term debt
(3,321
)
 
(1,400
)
Advances on revolver, net
3,000

 
500

Repurchases of common stock
(80
)
 
(10
)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
293

 
51

Payments received on subscription receivables
100

 
—

Investment by noncontrolling interest holders
—

 
56

Net cash from financing activities
(8
)
 
(803
)
 
 
 
 
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
(6,432
)
 
(3,968
)
Cash and Cash Equivalents, beginning of year
6,867

 
5,056

Cash and Cash Equivalents, end of period
$
435

 
$
1,088

 
 
 
 
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information
 
 
 
Cash paid during the period for interest
$
2,243

 
$
2,164

Cash paid during the period for income taxes
136

 
1,422

Noncash Supplemental Disclosures of Investing and Financing Activities
 
 
 
Acquisition of property and equipment in accounts payable
$
2,509

 
$
1,074

See accompanying notes.

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Papa Murphy’s Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1 — Description of Business and Basis of Presentation
Description of business
Papa Murphy’s Holdings, Inc. (“Papa Murphy’s” or the “Company”), together with its subsidiaries, is a franchisor and operator of a Take ‘N’ Bake pizza chain. The Company franchises the right to operate Papa Murphy’s Take ‘N’ Bake pizza franchises and operates Papa Murphy’s Take ‘N’ Bake pizza stores owned by the Company. As of June 27, 2016, the Company had 1,570 stores consisting of 1,531 domestic stores (1,375 franchised stores and 156 Company-owned stores) across 38 states, plus 39 franchised stores in Canada and the United Arab Emirates.
Substantially all of the Company’s revenues are derived from retail sales of pizza and other food and beverage products to the general public by Company-owned stores and the collection of franchise royalties and fees associated with franchise and development rights.
Basis of presentation
The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. In the Company’s opinion, all necessary adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, have been made for the fair statement of the results of the interim periods presented. The results of operations for such interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the related notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 28, 2015.
During the three months ended March 28, 2016, the Company early-adopted ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”). The Company applied the new guidance on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment. As a result, changes have been made to the presentation of Stockholders’ Equity in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 28, 2015. See Recent Accounting Pronouncements below for additional information. A summary of the changes made to the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 28, 2015, is included in the following table:
(in thousands)
As Filed
 
Updated
Additional paid-in capital
$
118,801

 
$
118,842

Accumulated deficit
(21,214
)
 
(21,255
)
Principles of consolidation
The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Papa Murphy’s Holdings, Inc., its subsidiaries and certain entities which the Company consolidates as variable interest entities (“VIEs”). All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.
Throughout the interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto, “Papa Murphy’s” and “the Company” refer to Papa Murphy’s Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Fiscal year
The Company uses a 52- or 53-week fiscal year, ending on the Monday nearest to December 31. Fiscal year 2016 is a 53-week year and 2015 was a 52-week year. All three month periods presented herein contain 13 weeks. All references to years and quarters relate to fiscal periods rather than calendar periods. References to 2016 and 2015 are references to fiscal years ending January 2, 2017, and ended December 28, 2015, respectively.
Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted
In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-09, which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment awards to employees, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, statutory tax withholding requirements and classification in the statement of cash flows. The effective date for ASU 2016-09 is for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted in any annual or interim period for which financial statements have not yet been issued. All amendments in ASU 2016-09 that apply must be adopted in the same period. The Company early-adopted ASU 2016-09 at the beginning of fiscal year 2016. As permitted under ASU 2016-09, the Company has elected to account for forfeitures in compensation cost when they occur in order to ease the administrative burden of estimating forfeitures. The effect of adopting ASU 2016-09 is reflected in Stockholders’ Equity in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment. See Basis of Presentation above for additional information.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”), a new standard to achieve a consistent application of revenue recognition within the U.S., resulting in a single revenue model to be applied by reporting companies under GAAP. The original effective date for ASU 2014-09 would have required adoption by the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2017 with early adoption prohibited. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) - Deferral of the Effective Date, which defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09 for one year and permits early adoption in accordance with the original effective date of ASU 2014-09. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net) which is an amendment to the new revenue recognition standard on assessing whether an entity is a principal or an agent in a revenue transaction. This

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amendment addresses implementation issues that were discussed by the Revenue Recognition Transition Resource Group to clarify the principal versus agent assessment and lead to more consistent application. This new standard has the same effective date and transition requirements as ASU 2014-09.
The new revenue standard is required to be applied retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of initial application. The Company has not yet selected a transition method. The Company is continuing to evaluate the impact the adoption of this standard will have on the recognition of revenue.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”). This update requires that lessees recognize assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for the rights and obligations created by all leases with terms of more than twelve months. ASU 2016-02 also will require disclosures designed to give financial statement users information on the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. These disclosures include both qualitative and quantitative information. The effective date for ASU 2016-02 is for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is still evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 on its financial position and results of operations.
Note 2 — Acquisitions
On April 11, 2016, Papa Murphy’s Company Stores, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, acquired certain assets used in the operation of nine Papa Murphy’s stores in the Joplin, Missouri, and Fort Smith, Arkansas, areas from a franchise owner. The total consideration paid of approximately $2.9 million was funded through existing cash, $0.5 million in insurance proceeds and advances on the Company's Senior Credit Facility (see Note 8 — Financing Arrangements).
The fair values of the assets acquired are summarized below (in thousands):
Cash and cash equivalents
$
4

Inventory
23

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
22

Property and equipment
503

Asset retirement obligations
(59
)
Total identifiable net assets acquired
493

Goodwill
1,956

Total net assets acquired
2,449

Dispute settlement
500

Total consideration
$
2,949

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the net tangible and intangible assets acquired and is expected to be fully deductible for income tax purposes. This goodwill is primarily attributable to the acquired customer bases and, to a lesser extent, economies of scale expected from combining the operations of the acquired stores with the existing operations of the Company.
The pro forma effects of this acquisition and the operating results of the acquired stores are not presented because the effects were not material to reported results.
Note 3 — Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:
(in thousands)
June 27, 2016
 
December 28, 2015
Prepaid media production costs
$
430

 
$
352

Prepaid software and services
964

 
464

Prepaid rents
557

 
477

Prepaid insurance
84

 
602

Taxes receivable
2,170

 
2,872

POS software licenses for resale
—

 
660

Assets held for sale
599

 
605

Advertising cooperative assets, restricted
208

 
26

Other
75

 
81

Total prepaid expenses and other current assets
$
5,087

 
$
6,139

The Company recognizes software license revenue upon the resale of Point of Sale (“POS”) software licenses to franchise owners at cost. The income from the sale is included in Other revenues and the related expense is recorded in Selling, general and administrative costs on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income (Loss). POS software license revenue during the periods reported was as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
(in thousands)
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
 
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
POS software license revenue
$
—

 
$
115

 
$
657

 
$
301

 

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Note 4 — Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are net of accumulated depreciation of $14.1 million and $13.8 million at June 27, 2016, and December 28, 2015, respectively. Depreciation expense during the periods reported was as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
(in thousands)
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
 
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
Depreciation expense
$
1,664

 
$
1,075

 
$
3,108

 
$
2,079

Note 5 — Goodwill
The following summarizes changes to the Company’s goodwill, by reportable segment:
(in thousands)
Domestic
Company Stores
 
Domestic
Franchise
 
Total
Balance at December 28, 2015
$
24,960

 
$
81,546

 
$
106,506

Acquisitions
1,956

 
—

 
1,956

Balance at June 27, 2016
$
26,916

 
$
81,546

 
$
108,462

There is no goodwill associated with the International Segment. The Company has determined that during the three months ended June 27, 2016, there were no triggering events that would require an updated impairment review.
Note 6 — Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are net of accumulated amortization of $24.8 million and $23.0 million as of June 27, 2016, and December 28, 2015, respectively. Amortization expense during the periods reported was as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
(in thousands)
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
 
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
Amortization expense
$
1,251

 
$
1,345

 
$
2,522

 
$
2,660

Note 7 — Receivables
Notes Receivable
Notes receivable consist of a note maturing in 2020 that is collateralized by store assets. Changes in the account balance represent amortization payments collected pursuant to the terms of the note.
Accounts Receivable
The Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts is as follows:
(in thousands)
June 27, 2016
 
December 28, 2015
Allowance for doubtful accounts
$
34

 
$
31

Note 8 — Financing Arrangements
Long-term debt consists of the following:
(in thousands)
June 27, 2016
 
December 28, 2015
Term loan
$
105,879

 
$
109,200

Revolving line of credit
3,000

 
—

Notes payable
3,000

 
3,000

Total principal amount of long-term debt
111,879

 
112,200

Unamortized debt issuance costs
(1,005
)
 
(1,163
)
Total long-term debt
110,874

 
111,037

Less current portion
(3,679
)
 
(2,800
)
Total long-term debt, net of current portion
$
107,195

 
$
108,237


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Senior secured credit facility
On August 28, 2014, PMI Holdings, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Papa Murphy’s Holdings, Inc., entered into a $132.0 million senior secured credit facility (the “Senior Credit Facility”) consisting of a $112.0 million term loan and a $20.0 million revolving credit facility, which includes a $2.5 million letter of credit subfacility and a $1.0 million swing-line loan subfacility. The term loan and any loans made under the revolving credit facility mature in August 2019. As of June 27, 2016, the outstanding term loan balance was subject to the LIBOR rate option at 3.70%. As of June 27, 2016, $2.5 million of the revolving credit facility was subject to the LIBOR rate option at 3.70%, and the remaining $0.5 million was subject to the base rate option at 5.75%.
With a maturity date of over one year from June 27, 2016, balances outstanding under the Senior Credit Facility are classified as non-current on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, except for mandatory, minimum term loan amortization payments due on the last day of each fiscal quarter. Minimum term loan amortization payments are $0.7 million, increasing to $1.4 million in the third fiscal quarter of 2016. A portion of the Company’s future term loan amortization payments have been made in advance of their due dates.
The weighted average interest rate for all borrowings under our Senior Credit Facility for the second quarter of 2016 was 3.79%.
Notes payable
Papa Murphy’s Company Stores, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Papa Murphy’s Holdings, Inc., has a $3.0 million note payable which bears interest at 5% and matures in December 2018. This note is subordinated to the Senior Credit Facility.
Note 9 — Fair Value Measurement
The Company determines the fair value of assets and liabilities based on the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability to a market participant. GAAP defines a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the assumptions used to measure fair value. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are defined as follows:
▪
Level 1    —    Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity has the ability to access.
▪
Level 2    —    Observable inputs other than prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated with observable market data.
▪
Level 3    —    Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.
The following table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
 
June 27, 2016
 
December 28, 2015
 
 
(in thousands)
Carrying Value
 
Fair Value
 
Carrying Value
 
Fair Value
 
Fair Value Measurement
Financial assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes receivable (1)
$
184

 
$
186

 
$
221

 
$
224

 
Level 3
(1)
The fair value of notes receivable was estimated primarily using a discounted cash flow method based on a discount rate, reflecting the applicable credit spread.
Financial instruments not included in the table above consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and long-term debt. The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate carrying value because of the short-term nature of the accounts. The fair value of long-term debt approximates carrying value because the borrowings are made with variable market rates and negotiated terms and conditions that are consistent with current market rates.
Note 10 — Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:
(in thousands)
June 27, 2016
 
December 28, 2015
Accrued compensation and related costs
$
3,235

 
$
3,699

Gift cards payable
2,312

 
2,902

Accrued interest and non-income taxes payable
656

 
855

Convention fund balance
803

 
626

Unearned product rebates
55

 
922

Advertising cooperative liabilities
295

 
137

Other
433

 
615

Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities
$
7,789

 
$
9,756


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Note 11 — Income Taxes
Information on the Company’s income taxes for the periods reported is as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
(in thousands)
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
 
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
$
610

 
$
(1,160
)
 
$
1,070

 
$
460

Income (loss) before income taxes
1,562

 
(3,099
)
 
2,664

 
1,117

Effective income tax rate
39.1
%
 
37.4
%
 
40.2
%
 
41.2
%
The effective income tax rate for the three months ended June 27, 2016 includes the effect of an adjustment for a tax benefit shortfall created by share-based payments at settlement that were made during the period. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended June 29, 2015, includes the effect of a discrete adjustment for the accelerated vesting of restricted stock during the period.
The effective income tax rate for the six months ended June 27, 2016 includes the effect of an adjustment for a tax benefit shortfall created by share-based payments at settlement that were made during the period. The effective income tax rate for the six months ended June 29, 2015, includes the effect of a discrete adjustment for the accelerated vesting of restricted stock during the period.
Note 12 — Share-based Compensation
In May 2010, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the 2010 Amended Management Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”). In May 2014, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan,” and together with the 2010 Plan, the “Incentive Plans”). The Incentive Plans reserve 2,116,747 common shares for equity incentive awards consisting of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock awards and unrestricted stock awards. Equity incentive awards may be issued from either the 2014 Plan or the 2010 Plan.
Under the Incentive Plans, the Company has awarded 562,434 and 584,017 shares of restricted common stock to eligible employees as of June 27, 2016, and December 28, 2015, respectively. In addition, the Company has issued 1,213,151 and 1,076,555 stock options under the Incentive Plans to eligible employees as of June 27, 2016, and December 28, 2015, respectively.
During the three months ended March 28, 2016, the Company early adopted ASU 2016-09. As permitted under ASU 2016-09, the Company has elected to account for forfeitures in compensation cost when they occur in order to ease the administrative burden of estimating forfeitures. See Recent Accounting Pronouncements in Note 1 — Description of Business and Basis of Presentation for additional information.
Restricted common shares
Information with respect to restricted stock activity is as follows:
 
Number of Shares of Restricted Common Stock
 
Weighted Average
Sale/Grant Date Fair Value
Per Share
 
Time Vesting
 
Performance Vesting
 
Unvested, December 28, 2015
49,513

 
186,515

 
$
3.11

Granted
15,000

 
—

 
7.90

Vested
(9,764
)
 
—

 
12.22

Repurchased
(15,086
)
 
(18,858
)
 
2.27

Unvested, June 27, 2016
39,663

 
167,657

 
$
2.77

The weighted average fair value of share-based compensation awards granted and the fair values of awards granted and vested during the periods reported were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
 
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
Weighted average grant date fair value per share
$
7.90

 
$
18.81

 
$
7.90

 
$
18.81

Total fair value of shares granted
119

 
90

 
119

 
90

Total fair value of shares vested
103

 
35

 
119

 
52


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Table of Contents

Stock options
Information with respect to stock option activity is as follows:
 
Number of Shares
Subject to Options
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price Per Share
 
Weighted
Average Remaining
Contractual Term
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(thousands)
 
Time Vesting
 
Performance Vesting
 
 
 
Outstanding, December 28, 2015
841,956

 
200,481

 
$
11.55

 
 
 
 
Granted
173,450

 
—

 
11.04

 
 
 
 
Exercised
(26,644
)
 
—

 
11.00

 
 
 
 
Forfeited
(22,213
)
 
(14,641
)
 
11.44

 
 
 
 
Outstanding, June 27, 2016
966,549

 
185,840

 
$
11.49

 
8.2 years
 
$
—

Exercisable, June 27, 2016
506,017

 
—

 
$
11.38

 
7.9 years
 
$
—

Fair value information for options granted and vested and the intrinsic value of options exercised during the periods reported are as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
 
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
Weighted average grant date fair value per share
$
3.80

 
N/A
 
$
3.70

 
$
5.41

Total fair value of awards granted
13

 
N/A
 
642

 
1,039

Total fair value of awards vested
151

 
314

 
480

 
324

Total intrinsic value of options exercised
25

 
N/A
 
25

 
32

Compensation cost and valuation
Total compensation costs recognized in connection with the Incentive Plans during the periods reported were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
(in thousands)
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
 
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
Stock compensation expense
$
196

 
$
500

 
$
427

 
$
656

Associated income tax benefits
71

 
166

 
143

 
218

 
As of June 27, 2016, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense was $2.7 million, with $2.0 million associated with time vesting awards and $0.7 million associated with performance vesting awards. The remaining weighted average contractual life for unrecognized stock-based compensation expense was 2.8 years as of June 27, 2016.
The fair value of the stock option awards granted during the periods reported was estimated using the Black-Scholes model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
 
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
Risk free rate
1.7%
 
N/A
 
1.8%
 
1.9%
Expected volatility
30.4%
 
N/A
 
30.4%
 
37.9%
Expected term
6.3 years
 
N/A
 
6.3 years
 
6.3 years
Expected dividend yield
0.0%
 
N/A
 
0.0%
 
0.0%
 
Note 13 — Earnings per Share (EPS)
The number of shares and earnings per share (“EPS”) data for all periods presented are based on the historical weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted EPS is calculated using income available to common stockholders divided by diluted weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding during each period, which includes unvested restricted common stock and outstanding stock options. Diluted EPS considers the impact of potentially dilutive securities except in periods in which there is a loss because the inclusion of the potential common shares would have an anti-dilutive effect.

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The following table sets forth the computations of basic and dilutive EPS:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share data)
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
 
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
Earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
952

 
$
(1,939
)
 
$
1,594

 
$
657

Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
—

 
500

 
—

 
500

Net income (loss) attributable to Papa Murphy’s
952

 
(1,439
)
 
1,594

 
1,157

Shares:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding
16,745

 
16,630

 
16,731

 
16,617

Dilutive effect of restricted equity awards (1)
22

 
—

 
30

 
256

Diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding
16,767

 
16,630

 
16,761

 
16,873

Earnings (loss) per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings (loss) per share
$
0.06

 
$
(0.09
)
 
$
0.10

 
$
0.07

Diluted earnings (loss) per share
$
0.06

 
$
(0.09
)
 
$
0.10

 
$
0.07

(1)
The Company’s potential common stock instruments such as stock options and restricted stock were not included in the computation of diluted EPS for the three months ended June 29, 2015, as the effect of including these shares in the calculation would have been anti-dilutive.
For the three months ended June 27, 2016, and June 29, 2015, an aggregated total of 491,000 shares and 390,000 shares, respectively, have been excluded from the diluted EPS calculation because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. For the six months ended June 27, 2016, and June 29, 2015, an aggregated total of 414,000 shares and 88,000 shares, respectively, have been excluded from the diluted EPS calculation because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.
Note 14 — Commitments and Contingencies
Operating lease commitments
The Company leases facilities and various office equipment under non-cancelable operating leases which expire through December 2025. Lease terms for its store units are generally for five years with renewal options and generally require the Company to pay a proportionate share of real estate taxes, insurance, common area maintenance and other operating costs.
The Company has entered into operating leases that it has subleased to three franchised stores. These operating leases have minimum base rent terms, contingent rent terms if individual franchised store sales exceed certain levels and have terms expiring on various dates from May 2020 to October 2020.
Lease guarantees
The Company is the guarantor for operating leases of 17 franchised stores that have terms expiring on various dates from August 2016 to April 2021. The obligations from these leases will generally continue to decrease over time as the leases expire. The applicable franchise owners continue to have primary liability for these operating leases. As of June 27, 2016, the Company does not believe it is probable it would be required to perform under the outstanding guarantees.
Legal proceedings
There have been no material developments in the legal proceedings described in Part II, Item 1, of the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 28, 2016.
Note 15 — Related Party Transactions
Employee loans related to share purchases
In connection with share-based compensation, the Company previously made loans to certain non-officer employees of the Company (see Note 12 — Share-based Compensation). Loans made in connection with the issuance of the Company’s equity are recognized in Stock subscriptions receivable as a reduction of total equity. As of June 27, 2016, the Company had no outstanding stock subscription receivables. As of December 28, 2015, the Company had stock subscription receivables of $0.1 million.
Note 16 — Segment Information
The Company has the following reportable segments: (i) Domestic Franchise; (ii) Domestic Company Stores; and (iii) International. The Domestic Franchise segment includes operations with respect to franchised stores in the United States and derives its revenues primarily from franchise and development fees and franchise royalties from franchised stores in the United States. The Domestic Company Stores segment includes operations with respect to Company-owned stores in the United States and derives its revenues from retail sales of pizza and side items to the general public. The International segment includes operations related to the Company’s operations outside the United States and derives its revenues from franchise and development fees and franchise royalties from franchised stores outside the United States.

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The following tables summarize information on profit or loss and assets for each of the Company’s reportable segments:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
(in thousands)
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
 
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic Franchise
$
10,337

 
$
10,878

 
$
22,552

 
$
22,813

Domestic Company Stores
19,470

 
18,156

 
40,144

 
35,323

International
87

 
87

 
183

 
154

Total
$
29,894

 
$
29,121

 
$
62,879

 
$
58,290

Segment Operating Income (Loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic Franchise
$
4,455

 
$
4,208

 
$
8,282

 
$
10,135

Domestic Company Stores
(716
)
 
552

 
(808
)
 
1,688

International
73

 
54

 
126

 
78

Corporate and unallocated
(999
)
 
(2,226
)
 
(2,464
)
 
(3,965
)
Total
$
2,813

 
$
2,588

 
$
5,136

 
$
7,936

Depreciation and amortization
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic Franchise
$
1,605

 
$
1,288

 
$
3,068

 
$
2,589

Domestic Company Stores
1,305

 
1,124

 
2,546

 
2,135

International
5

 
8

 
16

 
15

Total
$
2,915

 
$
2,420

 
$
5,630

 
$
4,739

(in thousands)
June 27, 2016
 
December 28, 2015
Total Assets
 
 
 
Domestic Franchise
$
131,358

 
$
139,705

Domestic Company Stores
51,052

 
45,217

International
379

 
438

Other (1)
89,237

 
90,111

Total
$
272,026

 
$
275,471

(1)
Other assets which are not allocated to the individual segments primarily include trade names and trademarks and taxes receivable.
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes in Item 1 and with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2015. To match our operating cycle, we use a 52- or 53-week fiscal year, ending on the Monday nearest to December 31. Our fiscal quarters each contain 13 operating weeks, with the exception of the fourth quarter of a 53-week fiscal year, which contains 14 operating weeks. Fiscal year 2016 is a 53-week period ending on January 2, 2017, and 2015 was a 52-week period ended on December 28, 2015.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors including, but not limited to, those discussed in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2015, as revised by risk factors disclosed under the section title “Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 28, 2016. All statements other than statements of historical fact or relating to present facts or current conditions included in this discussion and analysis are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations and projections relating to our financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business. You can identify forward-looking statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Examples of forward-looking statements include those regarding our future financial or operating results, cash flows, sufficiency of liquidity, financing resources, business strategies and priorities, resolution of litigation and claims, expectations for reducing operating costs through the use of our POS system terminals, expansion and growth opportunities, the number and mix of new store openings, exposure to foreign currency and interest rate risk, synergies and economies of scale resulting from acquisitions, the deductibility of goodwill for income tax purposes, as well as industry trends and outlooks. These statements may include words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “plan,” “intend,” “believe,” “may,” “should,” “can have,” “likely” and other words and terms of similar meaning in connection with any discussion of the timing or nature of future operating or financial performance or other events.
The forward-looking statements contained in this discussion and analysis are based on assumptions that we have made in light of our industry experience and our perceptions of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors we believe are appropriate in the circumstances. As you read and consider this discussion and analysis, you should understand that these statements are not guarantees of performance or results. They involve risks, uncertainties (many of which are beyond our control) and assumptions. Although we believe that these forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, you should be aware that many factors could affect our actual operating and financial performance and cause our performance to differ materially from the performance anticipated in the forward-looking statements. We believe these factors include, but are not limited to, those described under the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2015, as revised by those described under the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended

13
Table of Contents

March 28, 2016. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of these assumptions prove incorrect, our actual operating and financial performance may vary in material respects from expectations based on these forward-looking statements.
Any forward-looking statement made by us in this discussion and analysis speaks only as of the date on which we make it. Factors or events that could cause our actual operating and financial performance to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as may be required by law.
2016 Highlights
Revenue Growth
Total revenues for the three months ended June 27, 2016, compared to the three months ended June 29, 2015, grew 2.7% from $29.1 million to $29.9 million, and total revenues for the six months ended June 27, 2016, compared to the six months ended June 29, 2015, grew 7.9% from $58.3 million to $62.9 million, in each case, due primarily to the strategic acquisition of franchised stores and new store openings, partially offset by a decline in comparable store sales.
System-wide sales for the three months ended June 27, 2016, compared to the three months ended June 29, 2015, decreased 0.2% from $215.8 million to $215.3 million. System-wide sales for the six months ended June 27, 2016, compared to the six months ended June 29, 2015, increased 0.4% from $450.4 million to $452.1 million.
Comparable store sales in 2016 compared to 2015 for selected segments were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
 
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
Domestic Franchise
(3.7
)%
 
4.5
%
 
(3.3
)%
 
5.0
%
Domestic Company Stores
(6.6
)%
 
4.9
%
 
(4.7
)%
 
5.6
%
Total domestic stores
(4.0
)%
 
4.5
%
 
(3.4
)%
 
5.1
%
As of June 27, 2016, we had achieved positive comparable store sales growth in 42 of the last 50 quarters. Comparable store sales for the three and six months ended June 27, 2016 were impacted by an increasingly competitive landscape, including significantly more aggressive value offerings across pizza and other food service, lower seasonal and absolute media levels, and the impact of shifting our marketing efforts to promote online ordering starting in March and extending into the current quarter.
Store Development
We and our franchise owners opened 28 stores, all in the United States, in the three months ended June 27, 2016. In the six months ended June 27, 2016, we and our franchise owners opened 55 stores, including 53 in the United States. While we plan to strategically expand our Company-owned store base in select markets, we may also refranchise select Company-owned stores over time as opportunities arise. We expect the majority of our new store expansion will continue to be from new franchised store openings.
Technology Investments
Our POS system is an important technology platform and tool for our future growth. Future precision marketing tools and mobile coupon capabilities necessitate POS system terminals in our stores. POS system terminals have been installed in nearly all stores as of June 27, 2016. We believe that an opportunity remains for many of our franchise owners to reduce their operating costs by increased utilization of the POS system. We continue to implement an integrated online ordering platform coupled with the latest version of our POS system software.

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Table of Contents

Our Segments
We operate in three business segments: Domestic Franchise, Domestic Company Stores and International. Our Domestic Franchise segment consists of our domestic franchised stores, which represent the majority of our system-wide stores. Our Domestic Company Stores segment consists of our Company-owned stores in the United States. Our International segment consists of our stores outside of the United States, all of which are franchised. The following table sets forth our Revenues, Operating Income and Depreciation and amortization for each of our segments for the periods presented: 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
(in thousands)
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
 
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic Franchise
$
10,337

 
$
10,878

 
$
22,552

 
$
22,813

Domestic Company Stores
19,470

 
18,156

 
40,144

 
35,323

International
87

 
87

 
183

 
154

Total
$
29,894

 
$
29,121

 
$
62,879

 
$
58,290

Segment Operating Income (Loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic Franchise
$
4,455

 
$
4,208

 
$
8,282

 
$
10,135

Domestic Company Stores
(716
)
 
552

 
(808
)
 
1,688

International
73

 
54

 
126

 
78

Corporate and unallocated
(999
)
 
(2,226
)
 
(2,464
)
 
(3,965
)
Total
$
2,813

 
$
2,588

 
$
5,136

 
$
7,936

Depreciation and amortization
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic Franchise
$
1,605

 
$
1,288

 
$
3,068

 
$
2,589

Domestic Company Stores
1,305

 
1,124

 
2,546

 
2,135

International
5

 
8

 
16

 
15

Total
$
2,915

 
$
2,420

 
$
5,630

 
$
4,739

Key Operating Metrics
We evaluate the performance of our business using a variety of operating and performance metrics. Set forth below is a description of our key operating metrics.
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
 
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
Domestic store average weekly sales
$
10,759

 
$
11,342

 
$
11,342

 
$
11,868

Domestic comparable store sales
(4.0
)%
 
4.5
%
 
(3.4
)%
 
5.1
%
Domestic comparable stores
1,410

 
1,363

 
1,410

 
1,363

System-wide sales (in thousands)
$
215,253

 
$
215,752

 
$
452,104

 
$
450,385

System-wide stores
1,570

 
1,485

 
1,570

 
1,485

Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands)
$
6,470

 
$
6,432

 
$
12,199

 
$
14,447

Average Weekly Sales
Average Weekly Sales (“AWS”) consists of the average weekly sales of domestic franchised and Company-owned stores over a specified period of time. AWS is calculated by dividing the total net sales of our domestic system-wide stores for the relevant time period by the number of weeks those same stores were open during that time period. This measure allows management to assess changes in customer traffic and spending patterns at our domestic system-wide stores.
Comparable Store Sales
Comparable store sales represents the change in year-over-year sales for comparable stores. A comparable store is a store open for at least 52 full weeks from the comparable date (the Tuesday following the opening date). This measure highlights the performance of existing stores, while excluding the effect of newly opened or closed stores. Comparable store sales reflects changes in the number of transactions and in customer spend per transaction at existing stores. Customer spend per transaction is affected by changes in menu prices, sales mix and the number of items sold per customer.
System-Wide Sales
System-wide sales include net sales by all of our system-wide stores. This measure allows management to assess the health of our brand, our relative position to competitors and changes in our revenues.
Store Openings, Closures, Acquisitions and Divestitures
We review the number of new stores, the number of closed stores, and the number of acquisitions and divestitures of stores to assess growth in system-wide sales, royalty revenues and Company-owned store sales. We operate through a footprint of 1,570 stores as of June 27, 2016, of which 90.1% are franchised,

15
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located in 38 states plus Canada and the Middle East. The following table presents the changes in the number of stores in our system for the six months ended June 27, 2016.
 
Domestic Company Stores
 
Domestic Franchise
 
Total Domestic
 
International
 
Total
Store count at December 28, 2015
127

 
1,369

 
1,496

 
40

 
1,536

Openings
20

 
33

 
53

 
2

 
55

Closings
—

 
(18
)
 
(18
)
 
(3
)
 
(21
)
Net transfers (1)
9

 
(9
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

Store count at June 27, 2016
156

 
1,375

 
1,531

 
39

 
1,570

(1)
Net transfers are the number of franchised stores acquired by the Company, less the number of Company-owned stores refranchised.
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA
To supplement our condensed consolidated financial statements presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”), we consider certain financial measures that are not prepared in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures are not based on any standardized methodology prescribed by GAAP and are not necessarily comparable to similarly-titled measures presented by other companies.
“Adjusted EBITDA” is calculated as net income (loss) before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) as adjusted for:
▪
all non-cash losses or expenses (including non-cash share-based compensation expenses and the non-cash portion of rent expenses relating to the difference between GAAP and cash rent expenses), excluding any non-cash loss or expense that is an accrual of a reserve for a cash expenditure or payment to be made, or anticipated to be made, in a future period;
▪
non-cash gains on disposal of property and equipment;
▪
non-recurring or unusual cash fees, costs, charges, losses and expenses;
▪
fees, costs and expenses related to acquisitions; and
▪
pre-opening costs with respect to new stores.
Adjusted EBITDA eliminates the effects of items that we do not consider indicative of our operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA is a supplemental measure of operating performance that does not represent and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss), as determined by GAAP, and our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to that reported by other companies.
Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. Management believes that this financial measure, when viewed with our results of operations in accordance with GAAP and our reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss), provides additional information to investors about certain material non-cash items and about unusual items that we do not expect to continue at the same level in the future. By providing this non-GAAP financial measure, we believe we are enhancing investors’ understanding of our business and our results of operations, as well as assisting investors in evaluating how well we are executing strategic initiatives. We believe Adjusted EBITDA is used by investors as a supplemental measure to evaluate the overall operating performance of companies in our industry.
Management uses Adjusted EBITDA and other similar measures:
▪
in comparing our operating performance on a consistent basis;
▪
to calculate incentive compensation for our employees;
▪
for planning purposes, including the preparation of our internal annual operating budget; and
▪
to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of our operational strategies.
Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of the limitations are:
▪
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the significant interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our debt;
▪
Adjusted EBITDA excludes pre-opening costs and non-cash GAAP rent expense with respect to new stores, which we will continue to incur in the future as we open new stores consistent with our growth strategy;
▪
although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the cash requirements for such replacements; and
▪
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our tax expense or the cash requirements to pay our taxes.
To address these limitations, we reconcile Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, net income. Further, we also review GAAP measures and evaluate individual measures that are not included in Adjusted EBITDA.
The following table provides a reconciliation of our net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented:

16
Table of Contents

 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
(in thousands)
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
 
June 27, 2016

June 29, 2015
Net Income (Loss)
$
952

 
$
(1,939
)
 
$
1,594

 
$
657

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
—

 
500

 
—

 
500

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Papa Murphy’s
952

 
(1,439
)
 
1,594

 
1,157

Depreciation and amortization
2,915

 
2,420

 
5,630

 
4,739

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
610

 
(1,160
)
 
1,070

 
460

Interest expense, net
1,208

 
1,143

 
2,387

 
2,273

EBITDA
5,685

 
964

 
10,681

 
8,629

(Gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment (1)
(59
)
 
3

 
(5
)
 
62

Expenses not indicative of future operations:

 

 

 

Secondary offering costs (2)
—

 
345

 
—

 
345

Loss on Project Pie impairment and disposal (3)
—

 
4,325

 
—

 
4,325

Transaction costs (4)
—

 
29

 
—

 
63

New store pre-opening expenses (5)
476

 
176

 
766

 
246

Non-cash expenses and non-income based state taxes (6)
368

 
590

 
757

 
777

Adjusted EBITDA
$
6,470

 
$
6,432

 
$
12,199

 
$
14,447

(1)
Represents non-cash gains and losses resulting from disposal of property and equipment, including divested Company-owned stores.
(2)
Represents offering costs related to the secondary offering of the Company's common stock.
(3)
Represents a $4 million loss recognized upon impairment of Project Pie, a cost-method investment, and its subsequent disposal, and the write-off as bad debt receivables totaling $325,000.
(4)
Represents transaction costs relating to the acquisition of multiple franchised stores.
(5)
Represents expenses directly associated with the opening of new stores and incurred primarily in advance of the store opening, including wages, benefits and travel for training of opening teams, grand opening marketing costs and other store operating costs.
(6)
Represents (i) non-cash expenses related to equity-based compensation; (ii) non-cash expenses related to the difference between GAAP and cash rent expense; and (iii) state revenue taxes levied in lieu of an income tax.

17
Table of Contents

Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our results of operations in dollars and as a percentage of total revenues for the three and six months ended June 27, 2016, and June 29, 2015. 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
 
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
(in thousands)
$
 
Total
% of
Revenues
 
$
 
Total
% of
Revenues
 
$
 
Total
% of
Revenues
 
$
 
Total
% of
Revenues
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Franchise royalties
$
9,538

 
32.0
 %
 
$
9,753

 
33.5
 %
 
$
20,034

 
31.9
%
 
$
20,433

 
35.0
%
Franchise and development fees
574

 
1.9
 %
 
830

 
2.9
 %
 
1,528

 
2.4
%
 
1,970

 
3.4
%
Company-owned store sales
19,470

 
65.1
 %
 
18,156

 
62.3
 %
 
40,144

 
63.8
%
 
35,323

 
60.6
%
Other
312

 
1.0
 %
 
382

 
1.3
 %
 
1,173

 
1.9
%
 
564

 
1.0
%
Total revenues
29,894

 
100.0
 %
 
29,121

 
100.0
 %
 
62,879

 
100.0
%
 
58,290

 
100.0
%
Costs and Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Store operating costs:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of food and packaging (1)
6,781

 
22.7
 %
 
6,443

 
22.1
 %
 
14,053

 
22.3
%
 
12,533

 
21.5
%
Compensation and benefits (1)
5,577

 
18.7
 %
 
4,722

 
16.2
 %
 
11,311

 
18.0
%
 
9,076

 
15.6
%
Advertising (1)
1,897

 
6.3
 %
 
1,753

 
6.0
 %
 
4,063

 
6.5
%
 
3,422

 
5.9
%
Occupancy (1)
1,503

 
5.0
 %
 
1,174

 
4.0
 %
 
2,878

 
4.6
%
 
2,176

 
3.7
%
Other store operating costs (1)
2,555

 
8.5
 %
 
1,856

 
6.4
 %
 
4,846

 
7.7
%
 
3,301

 
5.7
%
Selling, general and administrative
5,912

 
19.8
 %
 
8,162

 
28.0
 %
 
14,967

 
23.8
%
 
15,045

 
25.8
%
Depreciation and amortization
2,915

 
9.8
 %
 
2,420

 
8.3
 %
 
5,630

 
9.0
%
 
4,739

 
8.1
%
(Gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment
(59
)
 
(0.2
)%
 
3

 
—
 %
 
(5
)
 
—
%
 
62

 
0.1
%
Total costs and expenses
27,081

 
90.6
 %
 
26,533

 
91.1
 %
 
57,743

 
91.8
%
 
50,354

 
86.4
%
Operating Income
2,813

 
9.4
 %
 
2,588

 
8.9
 %
 
5,136

 
8.2
%
 
7,936

 
13.6
%
Interest expense, net
1,208

 
4.0
 %
 
1,143

 
3.9
 %
 
2,387

 
3.8
%
 
2,273

 
3.9
%
Loss on impairment of investments
—

 
—
 %
 
4,500

 
15.5
 %
 
—

 
—
%
 
4,500

 
7.7
%
Other expense, net
43

 
0.1
 %
 
44

 
0.2
 %
 
85

 
0.1
%
 
46

 
0.1
%
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes
1,562

 
5.2
 %
 
(3,099
)
 
(10.6
)%
 
2,664

 
4.2
%
 
1,117

 
1.9
%
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
610

 
2.0
 %
 
(1,160
)
 
(4.0
)%
 
1,070

 
1.7
%
 
460

 
0.8
%
Net Income (Loss)
952

 
3.2
 %
 
(1,939
)
 
(6.7
)%
 
1,594

 
2.5
%
 
657

 
1.1
%
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
—

 
—
 %
 
500

 
1.7
 %
 
—

 
—
%
 
500

 
0.9
%
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Papa Murphy’s
$
952

 
3.2
 %
 
$
(1,439
)
 
(4.9
)%
 
$
1,594

 
2.5
%
 
$
1,157

 
2.0
%
(1)
Please see the table presented in Costs and Expenses below, which presents Company-owned store expenses as a percentage of Company-owned store revenue for the three and six months ended June 27, 2016, and June 29, 2015.
Revenues
Total revenues. In the three months ended June 27, 2016, Total revenues grew primarily from the acquisition of franchised stores in 2015 by our Domestic Company Stores segment and net new store openings, partially offset by a decline in domestic comparable store sales of 4.0%. In the six months ended June 27, 2016, Total revenues grew primarily from the acquisition of franchised stores in 2015 by our Domestic Company Stores segment and net new store openings, partially offset by a decline in domestic comparable store sales of 3.4%.
Franchise royalties. Franchise royalties decreased in the three months ended June 27, 2016, compared to the three months ended June 29, 2015, primarily due to a decline in Domestic Franchise comparable store sales of 3.7%. These declines were offset, in part, by a 2.7% increase in royalties as a result of an increase of 42 franchised stores, net of closures and transfers, since June 29, 2015.
Franchise royalties decreased in the six months ended June 27, 2016, compared to the six months ended June 29, 2015, primarily due to a decline in Domestic Franchise comparable store sales of 3.3%. These declines were offset, in part, by a 2.9% increase in royalties as a result of an increase of 33 franchised stores, net of closures and transfers, since December 29, 2014.
The decrease in Franchise royalties as a percentage of Total revenues for the three and six months ended June 27, 2016, compared to the three and six months ended June 29, 2015, was the result of increases in the number of Company-owned stores period over period.
Franchise and development fees. Franchise and development fees decreased in the three months ended June 27, 2016, compared to the three months ended June 29, 2015, due to a reduction in forfeited fees and transfer fees, partially offset by increased initial fees from opening six more franchised stores than in the comparative period.
Franchise and development fees decreased in the six months ended June 27, 2016, compared to the six months ended June 29, 2015, due to a reduction in forfeited fees and decreased initial fees from franchised store openings, partially offset by an increase in transfer fees.
Company-owned store sales. Company-owned store sales increased in the three months ended June 27, 2016, compared to the three months ended June 29, 2015, due to the acquisition of 11 stores from franchise owners and the opening of 31 Company-owned stores since June 29, 2015, partially offset

18
Table of Contents

by the divestiture of four stores since June 29, 2015 and a decline in comparable store sales of 6.6% in the three months ended June 27, 2016, compared to the three months ended June 29, 2015.
Company-owned store sales increased in the six months ended June 27, 2016, compared to the six months ended June 29, 2015, due to the acquisition of 32 stores from franchise owners and the opening of 38 Company-owned stores since December 29, 2014, partially offset by the divestiture of four stores and the closure of one store since December 29, 2014 and a decline in comparable store sales of 4.7% in the six months ended June 27, 2016, compared to the six months ended June 29, 2015.
Other. Other revenue decreased in the three months ended June 27, 2016, compared to the three months ended June 29, 2015, due to a decrease of $0.1 million from the resale of POS software licenses to franchise owners at cost. An equal and offsetting cost related to the resale of the POS software licenses is included in Selling, general and administrative expenses as discussed below.
Other revenue increased in the six months ended June 27, 2016, compared to the six months ended June 29, 2015, due to an increase of $0.4 million from the resale of POS software licenses to franchise owners at cost. An equal and offsetting cost related to the resale of the POS software licenses is included in Selling, general and administrative expenses as discussed below.
Costs and Expenses
Total costs and expenses. Total costs and expenses increased in the three and six months ended June 27, 2016, compared to the three and six months ended June 29, 2015, primarily as a result of the increase in the number of Company-owned stores period over period.
Store operating costs. Store operating costs as a percentage of total revenues increased in the three and six months ended June 27, 2016, compared to the three and six months ended June 29, 2015, primarily as a result of the increase in the number of Company-owned stores period over period, including many stores in less developed markets with lower average sales volumes.
The following table presents the components of Store operating costs as a percentage of Company-owned store sales for the periods reported:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
 
June 27, 2016
 
June 29, 2015
Store operating costs as a % of Company-owned store revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of food and packaging
34.8
%
 
35.5
%
 
35.0
%
 
35.5
%
Compensation and benefits
28.6
%
 
26.0
%
 
28.2
%
 
25.7
%
Advertising
9.7
%
 
9.7
%
 
10.1
%
 
9.7
%
Occupancy
7.7
%
 
6.5
%
 
7.2
%
 
6.2
%
Other store operating costs
13.3