Filed Pursuant to Rule 424b1
Registration No. 333-109265
PROSPECTUS
2,057,451 Shares
CLASS A COMMON STOCK
All of the shares of Class A common stock in the offering are being sold by the selling shareholders identified in this prospectus. Chicago Mercantile Exchange Holdings Inc. will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the shares by the selling shareholders.
Our Class A common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol CME. On November 13, 2003, the reported last sale price of our Class A common stock on the New York Stock Exchange was $67.27 per share.
Investing in our common stock involves risks. See Risk Factors beginning on page 8.
PRICE $67 A SHARE
Price to Public |
Underwriting Discounts and Commissions |
Proceeds to Selling | ||||
Per Share |
$ 67.00 | $ 3.015 | $ 63.985 | |||
Total |
$137,849,217.00 | $6,203,214.77 | $131,646,002.23 |
The selling shareholders have granted the underwriters the right to purchase up to an additional 308,618 shares to cover over-allotments.
The Securities and Exchange Commission and state securities regulators have not approved or disapproved these securities, or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated expects to deliver the shares to purchasers on November 19, 2003.
MORGAN STANLEY
GOLDMAN, SACHS & CO. | UBS INVESTMENT BANK |
CITIGROUP JPMORGAN WILLIAM BLAIR & COMPANY
November 13, 2003
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
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Material U.S. Federal Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Shareholders |
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F-1 |
Our principal executive offices are located at 30 South Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606, and our telephone number is (312) 930-1000. In this prospectus, we refer to Chicago Mercantile Exchange Holdings Inc. as CME Holdings and to Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of CME Holdings, as CME. The terms we, us and our refer to CME Holdings and CME.
Unless otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus assumes the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option. In this prospectus, unless otherwise indicated, we refer to our Class A, Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-4 common stock collectively as our Class A common stock, and we refer to our Class B-1, Class B-2, Class B-3 and Class B-4 common stock collectively as our Class B common stock.
You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information that is different. The selling shareholders are offering to sell shares of Class A common stock and seeking offers to buy shares of Class A common stock only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of the Class A common stock. It is important for you to read and consider all information contained and incorporated by reference in this prospectus in making your investment decision. You should also read and consider the information in the documents to which we have referred you in the section of this prospectus entitled Where You Can Find Additional Information.
Chicago Mercantile Exchange, our globe logo, CME®, GLOBEX®, IEF®, and SPAN® are our registered trademarks. GLOBEX Trader and E-mini are our service marks. CLEARING 21® is a registered trademark, and e-miNYSM is a service mark, of CME and New York Mercantile Exchange, Inc. pursuant to agreement.
S&P®, S&P 500®, Nasdaq®, NASDAQ-100®, NASDAQ-100 Index®, NASDAQ Composite®, NASDAQ Composite Index®, TRAKRSSM, Total Return Asset ContractsSM and other trade names, service marks, trademarks and registered trademarks that are not proprietary to us, are the property of their respective owners and are used herein under license.
We urge you to read this entire prospectus carefully, especially the risks of investing in our Class A common stock discussed under Risk Factors and our consolidated financial statements and notes to those financial statements and other information included elsewhere and incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
Overview
We are the largest futures exchange in the United States and the second largest exchange in the world for the trading of futures and options on futures, as measured by 2002 annual trading volume. In 2002, our customers traded futures and options on futures contracts with a notional dollar value of $328.6 trillion, making us the worlds largest exchange by this measure. We also have the largest futures and options on futures open interest of any exchange in the world. As of November 4, 2003, our open interest record was nearly 29.9 million contracts, set on September 11, 2003. Open interest is a widely recognized indicator of the level of customer interest in an exchanges products.
We bring together buyers and sellers of derivatives products on our open outcry trading floors, on the GLOBEX electronic trading platform and through privately negotiated transactions that we clear. We offer market participants the opportunity to trade futures contracts and options on futures on interest rates, stock indexes, foreign exchange and commodities. Our key products include Eurodollar contracts and contracts based on major U.S. stock indexes, including the S&P 500 and the NASDAQ-100. We also offer contracts for the principal foreign currencies and for a number of commodity products, including cattle, hogs and dairy. We believe several of our key products serve as global financial benchmarks. Our Eurodollar contract provides a benchmark for measuring the relative value of U.S. dollar-denominated, short-term fixed-income securities. Similarly, our S&P 500 Index and NASDAQ-100 Index contracts are closely linked to the benchmark indexes for U.S. equity performance.
Our products provide a means for hedging, speculation and asset allocation relating to the risks associated with interest rate sensitive instruments, equity ownership, changes in the value of foreign currency and changes in the prices of commodity products. Our customer base includes professional traders, financial institutions, institutional and individual investors and major corporations, manufacturers, producers, supranational entities and governments.
Trading on our trading floors is conducted exclusively by our members, either through open outcry or by using GLOBEX terminals located on our trading floors. Trades executed by our members can be for their own account or for the account of non-member customers. Members also conduct trading electronically through remote access to our GLOBEX platform and through privately negotiated transactions that we clear. Non-members may also access our markets through the GLOBEX electronic trading platform. Generally, member customers are charged lower fees than our non-member customers. Our members were responsible for approximately 78% of our trading volume during both the year ended December 31, 2002 and the nine months ended September 30, 2003.
Our principal source of revenue is from charges for trade execution and clearing that we assess on each contract traded on our exchange or using our clearing house. We assess clearing and transaction fees based on the product traded, the membership status of the individual executing the trade and whether the trade is executed on our open outcry trading floors, through the GLOBEX electronic trading platform or as a privately negotiated transaction. In addition to clearing and transaction fees, we derive revenue from the sale of valuable data and information regarding pricing and trading activity generated by our markets.
Our 2002 net revenues were $453.2 million, an increase of 17.1% from the $387.2 million recorded during 2001. For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, our net revenues were $403.4 million, an increase of
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20.9% from $333.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002. In 2002, we derived $356.4 million, or 78.6% of our net revenues, from fees associated with trading and clearing products on or through our exchange. For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, we derived $326.1 million, or 80.8% of our net revenues, from such fees. In 2002, we derived approximately 50% of our clearing and transaction fees revenue from open outcry trading, nearly 42% from electronic trading and approximately 8% from privately negotiated transactions. During the first nine months of 2003, approximately 45% of our clearing and transaction fees revenue was generated from open outcry trading, approximately 45% from electronic trading and approximately 10% from privately negotiated transactions. Revenues from market data products totaled $48.7 million, or 10.8% of our net revenues, in 2002 and $39.0 million, or 9.7% of our net revenues, in the nine months ended September 30, 2003.
Our net income for 2002 was $94.1 million, compared to net income of $75.1 million during 2001. Our net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 was $92.5 million, compared to net income of $62.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002.
We own our clearing house and are able to guarantee, clear and settle every contract traded through our exchange. During the first nine months of 2003, we processed an average of approximately 593,000 clearing transactions per day. We currently have the capacity to clear more than 1.5 million transactions per day. Our systems are scalable and give us the ability to substantially increase our capacity with very little lead time. As of September 30, 2003, we acted as custodian for approximately $29.6 billion in collateral. In the first nine months of 2003, we moved an average of $1.5 billion of settlement funds through our clearing system each day.
In April 2003, we entered into an agreement with the Chicago Board of Trade, or CBOT, for us to provide clearing and related services for CBOT futures and futures options contracts. Under the CME/CBOT Common Clearing Link, clearing services for commodity, equity and some interest rate products are expected to begin on November 24, 2003 and for all other CBOT futures and futures options contracts on January 2, 2004. In addition, 42 exchanges and clearing organizations worldwide have adopted our Standard Portfolio Analysis of Risk, or SPAN, risk evaluation system. The New York Mercantile Exchange, or NYMEX, and Euronext N.V. also use CLEARING 21, our state-of-the-art clearing system.
CME was founded in 1898 as a not-for-profit corporation. In November 2000, we became the first U.S. financial exchange to demutualize and become a shareholder-owned corporation. As a consequence, we have adopted a for-profit approach to our business, including strategic initiatives aimed at optimizing volume, efficiency and liquidity. We posted record trading volume of 558.4 million contracts in 2002, an increase of 35.6% over 2001, which was previously our busiest year. During the first nine months of 2003, we posted trading volume of 482.3 million contracts, an increase of 16.5% over the same period in 2002. Additionally, in December 2002, we completed our initial public offering, and our Class A common stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange, making us the first publicly traded financial exchange in the United States.
Currently, we have or are developing strategic relationships with the leading exchanges and clearing houses in Singapore, England, France, Spain, Japan, Korea and China. These relationships are intended to extend the market reach of our global derivatives business.
We devote substantial resources to introducing new products based on new markets or securities. For example, in 2001, we formed OneChicago, LLC, our joint venture with Chicago Board Options Exchange, or CBOE, and CBOT to trade single stock futures and futures on narrow-based stock indexes. OneChicago commenced its trading operations on November 8, 2002. We also entered into an agreement with NYMEX in 2002 to introduce smaller-sized versions of key NYMEX energy futures contracts for trading on our GLOBEX electronic trading platform. The products, based on our successful E-mini stock index contracts, are called e-miNY energy futures and clear at the NYMEX clearing house.
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Competitive Strengths
We have established ourselves as a premier global marketplace for financial risk management. We believe our principal competitive strengths are:
Highly Liquid Markets. Our deep and liquid markets tend to attract additional customers. This further enhances our liquidity.
Global Benchmark Products. We believe our key Eurodollar product serves as a global financial benchmark for measuring the relative value of U.S. dollar-denominated, short-term fixed-income securities. Similarly, our stock index products are closely linked to the benchmark indexes for U.S. equity performance. As a result, our products are increasingly recognized by our customers as efficient tools for managing and hedging their interest rate and equity market risks.
Diverse Portfolio of Products and Services. We differentiate ourselves from our competitors by developing and offering to our customers a diverse array of products. We also offer a broad range of trade execution and clearing services.
Wholly Owned Clearing House. We believe our performance guarantee and capital-efficient clearing systems are major attractions of our markets. In addition, because we own our clearing house and have significant available capacity, we are able to efficiently introduce new products. We are also able to provide clearing services to other exchanges.
Proven and Scalable Technology. We possess fast, reliable and fully integrated trading and clearing systems. Our systems are highly scalable and designed to accommodate additional products with relatively limited modifications and low incremental costs.
Global Reach. Our electronic trading services are available around the world approximately 23 hours a day and five days per week.
Growth Strategy
Globalization, deregulation and advances in technology offer significant opportunities for expanding futures markets, and exchange markets generally. We intend to increase our revenues and profitability by implementing the following four strategies:
Expand Our Current Core Business. We intend to advance our position as a leader in the futures industry by:
| Expanding Customer Access. We continue to expand our customer base and trading volume by broadening the access, order routing, trading and clearing solutions we offer to existing and prospective customers. |
| Expanding Electronic and Other Trade Execution Choices. Our strategy is to offer our customers a broad range of trade execution choices, including increased electronic trading, enhanced facilities for privately negotiated transactions and new links with exchanges around the world. |
| Enhancing Our Market Data and Information Products. We intend to leverage the value of our market data and information capabilities by developing enhancements to our existing information products and creating new products. |
Add New Products. We intend to continue to introduce, either directly or through alliances with other exchanges, new products based on new markets or securities. In addition, we intend to continue working with emerging cash market trading platforms to jointly develop innovative futures products.
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Provide Transaction Processing and Other Business Services to Third Parties. We intend to leverage our existing capacity and scalable technology and business processes to offer a broad range of services to other exchanges, clearing organizations and e-marketplaces. We believe that third parties will be attracted by our proven ability to process high volumes of transactions.
Pursue Select Alliances and Acquisitions. We plan to supplement our internal growth through the formation of joint ventures or alliances and select acquisitions of businesses or technologies that help us to enter new markets, provide services that we currently do not offer, open access to our markets and advance our technology.
Corporate Information
We were incorporated in Delaware in August 2001. Our principal executive offices are located at 30 South Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606, and our telephone number is (312) 930-1000. Our Web site is http://www.cme.com. Information contained in our Web site is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You should not consider information contained in our Web site as part of this prospectus.
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THE OFFERING
Class A common stock offered by the selling shareholders |
2,057,451 shares |
Common stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering: |
Class A common stock |
32,889,028 shares |
Class B common stock |
3,138 shares |
Use of proceeds |
We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of Class A common stock in this offering by the selling shareholders. |
New York Stock Exchange symbol |
CME |
The number of shares of our Class A common stock outstanding immediately after this offering is based on the number of shares outstanding at October 27, 2003 and assumes the issuance in this offering of 77,814 shares of Class A common stock that are subject to stock options held by some of the selling shareholders. This number does not take into account:
| 58,000 shares of Class A common stock subject to restricted stock awards, which are not vested; |
| 1,384,237 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options issued under our stock option plan, with a weighted average exercise price of $36.16 per share, which are not being sold in this offering; and |
| 1,442,629 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of the outstanding stock options issued to our chief executive officer, at a weighted average exercise price of $27.73 per share, based on the $68.00 per share closing price for our Class A common stock on October 27, 2003, and assuming the exercisable portion of the option was exercised on that date, the exercise price was paid in cash and the option was settled only in Class A common stock. For a more detailed description of the option granted to our chief executive officer, see the section of this prospectus entitled Principal and Selling Shareholders. |
If the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full, the selling shareholders will sell 308,618 additional shares of Class A common stock, including 9,533 shares that are subject to stock options, and the number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding immediately after this offering will be 32,898,561.
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SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The summary information set forth below is not necessarily indicative of the results of future operations and should be read in conjunction with Selected Financial Data, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, the financial statements and related notes and other information included elsewhere and incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
Year Ended December 31, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2000 (restated) |
2001 (restated) |
2002 |
2002 (restated) |
2003 | ||||||||||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | ||||||||||||||||
Income Statement Data:(1) |
||||||||||||||||
Net revenues |
$ | 226,552 | $ | 387,153 | $ | 453,177 | $ | 333,789 | $ | 403,417 | ||||||
Total expenses |
241,814 | 261,387 | 298,948 | 230,004 | 247,412 | |||||||||||
Limited partners interest in earnings of PMT Limited Partnership |
(1,165 | ) | | | | | ||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
(10,496 | ) | 75,108 | 94,067 | 62,548 | 92,531 | ||||||||||
Earnings (loss) per share:(2) |
||||||||||||||||
Basic |
(0.36 | ) | 2.61 | 3.24 | 2.17 | 2.84 | ||||||||||
Diluted |
| 2.57 | 3.13 | 2.11 | 2.73 |
As of September 30, 2003 | |||
(unaudited) (in thousands) | |||
Balance Sheet Data: |
|||
Assets: |
|||
Cash and cash equivalents(3) |
$ | 391,534 | |
Proceeds from securities lending activities(4) |
800,000 | ||
Short-term investments of interest earning facilities(5) |
339,647 | ||
Cash performance bonds and security deposits(6) |
2,027,710 | ||
Total current assets(7) |
3,654,617 | ||
Total assets |
3,795,607 | ||
Liabilities and shareholders equity: |
|||
Payable under securities lending agreements(4) |
800,000 | ||
Payable to participants in interest earning facilities(5) |
339,647 | ||
Cash performance bonds and security deposits(6) |
2,027,710 | ||
Total current liabilities |
3,240,302 | ||
Shareholders equity |
537,066 |
(1) | Income statement data for 2000 and 2001 and the nine months ended September 30, 2002 have been restated to reflect the adoption of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. Prior to the restatement, net income (loss) was ($5.9) million and $68.3 million for 2000 and 2001, respectively, and $61.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002. The basic loss per share was $0.21 for 2000, basic and diluted earnings per share were $2.37 and $2.33, respectively, for 2001 and basic and diluted earnings per share were $2.12 and $2.04, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2002. |
(2) | Earnings per share are presented as if common stock issued on December 3, 2001 as part of our reorganization into a holding company structure had been outstanding for all periods presented. For 2000, diluted loss per share is not presented, since shares issuable for stock options would have an anti-dilutive effect. |
(3) | Cash equivalents consist of money market mutual funds. |
(4) | Securities lending transactions utilize a portion of the securities that clearing firms have deposited to satisfy their proprietary performance bond requirements. Securities lending proceeds change daily. The related investment of these proceeds is short-term in nature. Investments consist principally of money market mutual funds. Securities lending activity is represented by an equal and offsetting current asset and current liability. See the section of this prospectus entitled Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity and Capital Resources for a more detailed discussion of our securities lending program. |
(5) | Clearing firms, at their option, may instruct us to invest cash on deposit for performance bond purposes in a portfolio of securities that is part of the first Interest Earning Facility (IEF) program. Interest earned, net of expenses, is passed on to participating clearing firms. The principal balance totaled $339.6 million at September 30, 2003, is guaranteed by CME as long as clearing firms maintain investment balances in this portfolio and is included in our consolidated financial statements under the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 46 (FIN No. 46). |
(6) | Our clearing firms are subject to performance bond requirements pursuant to the rules of our exchange. These requirements can be satisfied in cash or by depositing securities, at the clearing firms election. The deposit of cash is reflected in our financial statements while the deposit of securities is not reflected in our financial statements. The amount of cash performance bonds and security deposits that are deposited by our clearing firms may change daily as a result of changes in the number of the clearing firms open positions and how clearing firms elect to satisfy their performance bond requirements. The balance of cash performance bonds and security deposits will also fluctuate daily based on the change in the value of positions held by clearing firms. When clearing firms deposit cash, it is held or invested by us on an overnight basis. We are required to return these funds when performance bond requirements are reduced, as these funds ultimately represent assets of the respective clearing firms. Therefore, the current asset represented by cash performance bonds and security deposits has an equal and offsetting current liability. See the section of this prospectus entitled Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity and Capital Resources for a more detailed discussion of cash performance bonds and security deposits. |
(7) | Current assets consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable and other current assets in addition to cash performance bonds and security deposits, securities lending proceeds and short-term investments of interest earning facilities. Current assets are short-term in nature and are generally converted to cash in one year or less. |
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Year Ended December 31, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2002 |
2003 | |||||||||||
(in thousands, except notional value of trading volume) | |||||||||||||||
Other Data: |
|||||||||||||||
Total trading volume (round turns, in contracts)(8) |
231,110 | 411,712 | 558,448 | 413,790 | 482,260 | ||||||||||
GLOBEX trading volume (round turns, in contracts)(8) |
34,506 | 81,895 | 197,975 | 131,685 | 208,545 | ||||||||||
Open interest at period-end (contracts) |
8,021 | 15,039 | 18,792 | 17,618 | 26,826 | ||||||||||
Notional value of trading volume (in trillions) |
$ | 155.0 | $ | 293.9 | $ | 328.6 | $ | 257.8 | $ | 253.2 |
(8) | A round turn represents a matched buy and sell. |
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You should carefully consider the risks below before making an investment decision. The risks described below are not the only ones facing our company. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our operations.
Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks. The trading price of our Class A common stock could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Business
Our shareholders who are members and own trading rights on our exchange, and who may have interests that differ from or conflict with those of shareholders who are not also members, currently own a substantial majority of our voting stock. Shareholders who own trading rights on our exchange account for 15 of the 20 directors on our board and currently control the election of all directors. Our dependence on the trading and clearing activities of our members, combined with their ability to control the election of directors, enables them to exert substantial influence over the operation of our business.
We estimate that, immediately following this offering, our shareholders who own memberships will together own, of record, shares representing approximately 70% of our outstanding Class A common stock. As a result, they will, if voting in the same manner, control all matters submitted to our shareholders for approval, including electing directors and approving changes of control. As of the date of this prospectus, 15 of the 20 directors on our board own or are officers or directors of others who own memberships on our exchange. In addition, we are dependent on the revenues from the trading and clearing activities of our members. This dependence also gives them substantial influence over how we operate our business.
Many of our trading members and clearing firms derive a substantial portion of their income from their trading or clearing activities on or through our exchange. In addition, trading rights on our exchange have substantial independent value. The amount of income that members derive from their trading or clearing activities and the value of their trading rights are, in part, dependent on the fees they are charged to trade, clear and access our markets and the rules and structure of our markets. Our trading members, many of whom act as floor brokers and floor traders, benefit from trading rules, membership privileges and fee discounts that enhance their open outcry trading opportunities and profits. Our predominantly electronic trading members benefit from fee discounts and transaction fee caps that enhance their electronic trading opportunities and profits. Our clearing firms benefit from all of the foregoing, as well as decisions that increase electronic trading, which over time, will reduce their costs of doing business on our exchange. As a result, holders of our Class A common stock may not have the same economic interests as our members. In addition, our members may have differing interests among themselves depending on the role they serve in our markets, their method of trading and the products they trade. Consequently, members may advocate that we enhance and protect their clearing and trading opportunities and the value of their trading privileges over their economic interest in us represented by Class A common stock they own.
The share ownership of our members, in combination with their board representation rights and charter provision protections described in the immediately following risk factor, could be used to influence how our business is changed or developed, including how we address competition and how we seek to grow our volume and revenue and enhance shareholder value.
Our certificate of incorporation grants special rights to holders of Class B common stock, which protect their trading rights and give them special board representation, and requires that we maintain open outcry trading until volumes are not significant.
Under the terms of our certificate of incorporation, our Class B shareholders have the ability to protect their rights to trade on our exchange by means of special approval rights over changes to the operation of our markets.
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In particular, these provisions include a grant to the holders of our Class B common stock of the right to approve any changes to:
| the trading floor rights; |
| access rights and privileges that a member has; |
| the number of memberships in each membership class and the related number of authorized shares of each class of Class B common stock; and |
| the eligibility requirements to exercise trading rights or privileges. |
For a more detailed description of the approval rights of our Class B shareholders, see the section of this prospectus entitled Description of Capital Stock. Our Class B shareholders are also entitled to elect six of the 20 directors on our board. As the transfer restrictions on shares of Class A common stock held by Class B shareholders terminate over time, Class B shareholders will continue to have these board representation rights, even if their Class A share ownership interest is very small.
Our certificate of incorporation also includes a provision requiring us to maintain open outcry floor trading on our exchange for a particular traded product as long as the open outcry market is liquid. Our certificate of incorporation requires us to maintain a facility for conducting business, disseminating price information, clearing and delivery and to provide reasonable financial support for technology, marketing and research for open outcry markets. Our certificate of incorporation provides specific tests as to whether an open outcry market will be deemed liquid, as measured on a quarterly basis. If a market is deemed illiquid as a result of a failure to meet any of these tests, our board will determine whether or not that market will be closed.
We only recently began operating as a for-profit company and have a limited operating history as a for-profit company. Accordingly, our historical and recent financial and business results may not be representative of what they may be in the future.
We have only operated as a for-profit company with private ownership interests since November 13, 2000. We have a limited operating history as a for-profit business on which you can evaluate our management decisions, business strategy and financial results. As a result, our historical and recent financial and business results may not be representative of what they may be in the future. We are subject to risks, uncertainties, expenses and difficulties associated with changing and implementing our business strategy that are not typically encountered by established for-profit companies. The major U.S. futures exchanges have operated historically as mutual, membership organizations. There is little history or experience in operating an exchange as a for-profit corporation upon which we can draw. As a not-for-profit company, our business strategy and fee structure were designed to provide profit opportunities for our members. We targeted profit levels that provided sufficient levels of working capital. Today, our for-profit initiatives are designed to increase our revenues, make us profitable, optimize volume and liquidity and create operating efficiencies. These initiatives may not yield the benefits or efficiencies we expect. For example, fee increases, volume and member discounts and new access rules to our markets may not separately result in higher revenues and profits or greater volume or liquidity in our markets. As a result, we may not be able to operate effectively as a for-profit corporation. It is possible that we may incur significant operating losses in the future and that we may not be able to achieve or sustain long-term profitability.
Our business is subject to the impact of domestic and international market and economic conditions, many of which are beyond our control and could significantly reduce our trading volumes and make our financial results more volatile.
We generate revenues primarily from our trade execution services, clearing services and market data and information services. We expect to continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Each of these revenue sources is
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substantially dependent on the trading volume in our markets. Our trading volume is directly affected by U.S. domestic and international factors that are beyond our control, including:
| economic, political and market conditions; |
| broad trends in industry and finance; |
| changes in levels of trading activity, price levels and price volatility in the derivatives markets and in underlying fixed-income, equity, foreign exchange and commodity markets; |
| legislative and regulatory changes; |
| competition; |
| changes in government monetary policies and foreign exchange rates; |
| consolidation in our customer base and within our industry; and |
| inflation. |
Any one or more of these factors may contribute to reduced activity in our markets. Our recent operating results and trading volume have been favorably impacted by global and domestic economic and geopolitical uncertainty. This is because our customers have sought to hedge or manage the risks associated with volatility in the U.S. equity markets, fluctuations in interest rates and price changes in the foreign exchange and commodities markets. The future economic environment will be subject to periodic downturns, including possible recession and lower volatility in financial markets, and may not be as favorable as it has been in recent years. As a result, period-to-period comparisons of our financial results are not necessarily meaningful. Trends less favorable than those of recent periods could result in decreased trading volume, decreased capital formation and a more difficult business environment for us. Material decreases in trading volume would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results.
Our operating results are subject to significant fluctuations due to seasonality and a number of other factors. As a result, you will not be able to rely on our operating results in any particular period as an indication of our future performance.
A number of factors beyond our control may contribute to substantial fluctuations in our operating results-particularly in our quarterly results. In the three years prior to 2001, we experienced relatively higher volume during the first and second quarters, and we generally expect that the third quarter will have lower trading volume. This trend was not evident in 2001 or 2002 in part because of the volatility of interest rates and U.S. equities in the third quarter in each of those years. As a result of seasonality and the factors described in the preceding risk factors, you will not be able to rely on our operating results in any particular period as an indication of our future performance. If we fail to meet securities analysts expectations regarding our operating performance, the price of our Class A common stock could decline substantially.
Our cost structure is largely fixed. If we are unable to reduce our costs if our revenues decline, our profitability will be adversely affected.
Our cost structure is largely fixed. We base our cost structure on historical and expected levels of demand for our products and services. If demand for our products and services and our resulting revenues decline, we may not be able to adjust our cost structure on a timely basis. In that event, our profitability will be adversely affected.
The global trend toward electronic trading may divert volume away from our open outcry trading facilities. Our revenues, profits and stock price will be adversely affected if we experience reductions in our open outcry trading volume that are not offset by increases in our electronic trading volume.
Both newly formed organizations and established exchanges are increasingly employing trading systems that provide fast, low-cost execution of trades by matching buyers and sellers electronically. These organizations
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are attracting order flow away from some traditional open outcry trading markets. Many market participants believe that these electronic trading systems represent a threat to the continued viability of the open outcry method of trading. Some major European and Asian futures exchanges have closed their traditional open outcry trading facilities and replaced them entirely with electronic systems. Although we offer an electronic trading system, during the first nine months of 2003 approximately 45% of our revenues from clearing and transaction fees were generated by open outcry trading. Reductions in our open outcry trading volume that are not offset by increases in our electronic trading volume would have a material adverse effect on our revenue, earnings and stock price.
The success of our markets will depend on our ability to complete development of and successfully implement electronic marketplaces that have the functionality, performance, reliability, speed and liquidity required by customers.
The future success of our business depends in large part on our ability to create interactive electronic marketplaces in a wide range of derivatives products that have the required functionality, performance, reliability, speed and liquidity to attract and retain customers. A significant portion of our current overall volume is generated through electronic trading of our E-mini S&P 500 and E-mini NASDAQ-100 products. However, during the first nine months of 2003, approximately 55% of our volume and approximately 45% of our clearing and transaction fees revenue was generated through our open outcry trading facilities. Most of that open outcry volume is related to trading in Eurodollar contracts. Until recently, our electronic functionality has not been capable of accommodating the complex trading strategies typically used for trading our Eurodollar contracts. As a result, our electronic trading facilities for these products have met with limited success. In January 2003, we implemented a new electronic system upgrade called Eagle. This software is designed to provide the required functionality to replicate electronically some of the trading strategies used by open outcry Eurodollar traders. We are currently developing additional functionality to accommodate more Eurodollar trading strategies. We may not complete the development of or successfully implement the required electronic functionality for our Eurodollar marketplace. Moreover, our Eurodollar customers may not accept our electronic trading systems. In either event, our ability to increase our electronic Eurodollar trading volume would be adversely affected. In addition, if we are unable to develop our electronic trading systems to include other products and markets, or if our electronic marketplaces do not have the required functionality, performance, reliability, speed and liquidity, we may not be able to compete successfully in a new environment that we expect to be increasingly dominated by electronic trading.
We maintain the simultaneous operation of open outcry trading and electronic trade execution facilities, which may, over time, prove to be inefficient and costly and ultimately adversely affect our profitability.
Currently, we maintain both open outcry trade execution facilities and electronic trade execution facilities. For some products, we maintain side-by-side trading facilities for both open outcry and electronic trading. We are obligated, through the inclusion of provisions in our certificate of incorporation, to maintain the operation of our open outcry trading facilities until the trading volumes in them are not significant. If we continue to operate both trading facilities for the same product, liquidity of markets on each may be less than the liquidity of competing markets on a unified trading platform. In addition, it may be expensive to continue operating two trading systems for the same product. We may incur substantial expenses and experience delays because of our efforts to create trading links between the separate trading platforms to facilitate trading on both systems. Any loss of efficiency or increase in time to market of new or improved products could be detrimental to our business. In addition, we may expend resources on the maintenance of our open outcry facilities that could be more efficiently used to develop our capacity and reduce our costs in the increasingly competitive market for electronic trading facilities.
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The development of our electronic trading facilities exposes us to risks inherent in operating in the new and evolving market for electronic transaction services. If we do not successfully develop our electronic trading facilities, or if our customers do not accept them, our revenues, profits and stock price will be adversely affected.
We must further develop our electronic trading facilities to remain competitive. As a result, we will continue to be subject to risks, expenses and uncertainties encountered in the rapidly evolving market for electronic transaction services. These risks include our failure or inability to:
| provide reliable and cost-effective services to our customers; |
| develop, in a timely manner, the required functionality to support electronic trading in some of our key products in a manner that is competitive with the functionality supported by other electronic markets; |
| match fees of our competitors that offer only electronic trading facilities; |
| increase the number of trading and order routing terminals capable of sending orders to our floor and to our electronic trading system; |
| attract independent software vendors to write front-end software that will effectively access our electronic trading system and automated order routing system; |
| respond to technological developments or service offerings by competitors; and |
| generate sufficient revenue to justify the substantial capital investment we have made and will continue to make to develop our electronic trading facilities. |
If we do not successfully develop our electronic trading facilities, or our current or potential customers do not accept them, our revenues, profits and stock price will be adversely affected.
Our market data fees may be reduced or eliminated by the growth of electronic trading and electronic order entry systems. If we are unable to offset that reduction through terminal usage fees or transaction fees, we will experience a reduction in revenue.
Electronic trading systems do not usually impose separate charges for supplying market data to trading terminals. If we do not separately charge for market data supplied to trading terminals, and trading terminals with access to our markets become widely available, we would lose quote fee revenue from those who have access to trading terminals. We will experience a reduction in our revenues if we are unable to recover that lost quote fee revenue through terminal usage fees or transaction fees.
Our change to a for-profit company may cause members to seek alternative trading venues and products and negatively impact the liquidity of our markets and our trading volume.
The trading activities of our members accounted for approximately 78% of our trading volume during both 2002 and the first nine months of 2003. When we became a for-profit company, we changed the role of our members in the operation of our business. We eliminated many member-dominated committees or converted them into advisory bodies. We gave our professional staff greater decision-making responsibilities. Subject to the oversight of our board of directors, our management is charged with making decisions that are designed to enhance shareholder value, which may lead to decisions or outcomes with which our members disagree. These changes may make us less attractive to our members and encourage them to conduct their business at, or seek membership in, another exchange or to trade in equivalent products among themselves on a private, bilateral basis. A material decrease in member trading activity would negatively impact liquidity and trading volume in our products and reduce our revenues. A loss or material reduction in the number of our clearing firms and the capital they provide to guarantee their trades and the trades of their customers would also diminish the strength and attractiveness of our clearing house and our markets.
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Despite our governance changes, our dependence on our members gives them substantial influence over how we operate our business. Members could use their ownership of Class A and Class B common stock, and ability to elect our board of directors, to change or modify our policies or business practices with which they do not agree.
Our trading volume, and consequently our revenues and profits, would be adversely affected if we are unable to retain our current customers or attract new customers to our exchange.
The success of our business depends, in part, on our ability to maintain and increase our trading volume. To do so, we must maintain and expand our product offerings, our customer base and our trade execution alternatives. Our success also depends on our ability to offer competitive prices and services in an increasingly price sensitive business. In addition, our success depends on our ability to increase the base of individual customers who trade our products. We cannot assure you that we will be able to continue to expand our product lines, or that we will be able to retain our current customers or attract new customers. We also cannot assure you that we will not lose customers to low-cost competitors with comparable or superior products, services or trade execution facilities. If we fail to expand our product offerings or execution facilities, or lose a substantial number of our current customers, or are unable to attract new customers, our business will be adversely affected.
We face intense competition from other companies, including some of our members. If we are not able to successfully compete, our business will not survive.
The derivatives, securities and financial services industries are highly competitive. We expect that competition will intensify in the future. Our current and prospective competitors, both domestically and around the world, are numerous. They include securities and securities option exchanges, futures exchanges, over-the-counter, or OTC, markets, clearing organizations, market data and information vendors, electronic communications networks, crossing systems and similar entities, consortia of large customers, consortia of some of our clearing firms and electronic brokerage and dealing facilities. At year-end 2002, there were 57 futures exchanges located in 30 countries, including 11 futures exchanges in the United States. In September 2003, Eurex announced it would launch its new fully electronic, registered U.S. derivatives exchange on February 1, 2004.
We believe we may also face competition from large computer software companies and media and technology companies. The number of businesses providing Internet-related financial services is rapidly growing. Other companies have entered into or are forming joint ventures or consortia to provide services similar to those provided by us. Others may become competitive with us through acquisitions. Recent changes in federal law allow institutions that have been major participants on our exchange to trade the same or similar products among themselves without utilizing any exchange or trading system. Many of our competitors and potential competitors have greater financial, marketing, technological and personnel resources than we do. These factors may enable them to develop similar products, to provide lower transaction costs and better execution to their customers and to carry out their business strategies more quickly and efficiently than we can. In addition, our competitors may:
| respond more quickly to competitive pressures due to their corporate governance structures, which may be more flexible and efficient than our corporate governance structure; |
| develop products that are preferred by our customers; |
| develop risk transfer products that compete with our products; |
| price their products and services more competitively; |
| develop and expand their network infrastructure and service offerings more efficiently; |
| utilize better, more user-friendly and more reliable technology; |
| take greater advantage of acquisitions, alliances and other opportunities; |
| more effectively market, promote and sell their products and services; |
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| better leverage existing relationships with customers and alliance partners or exploit better recognized brand names to market and sell their services; and |
| exploit regulatory disparities between traditional, regulated exchanges and alternative markets that benefit from a reduced regulatory burden and lower-cost business model. |
If our products, markets and services are not competitive, our business, financial condition and operating results will be materially harmed. In addition, even if new entrants do not significantly erode our market share, we may be required to reduce our fees significantly to remain competitive, which could have a material adverse effect on our profitability.
The enactment of the Commodity Futures Modernization Act will increase competition and enable many of our customers to trade futures contracts other than on exchanges. These events could result in lower trading volume, revenue and profits.
Our industry has been subject to several fundamental regulatory changes, including changes in the statute under which we have operated since 1974. The Commodity Exchange Act generally required all futures contracts to be executed on an exchange that has been approved by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, or CFTC. The exchange trading requirement was modified by CFTC regulations and interpretations to permit privately negotiated swap contracts to be transacted in the OTC market. The CFTC exemption under which the OTC derivatives market operated precluded the OTC market from using exchange-like electronic transaction systems and clearing facilities. These barriers to competition from the OTC market were largely repealed by the Commodity Futures Modernization Act. It is possible that the chief beneficiaries of the Commodity Futures Modernization Act will be OTC dealers and competitors that operate or intend to open electronic trading facilities or to conduct their futures business directly among themselves on a bilateral basis. The customers who may access these trading facilities or engage in bilateral private transactions are the same customers who account for a substantial portion of our trading volume. The Commodity Futures Modernization Act also permits banks, broker-dealers and some of their affiliates to engage in foreign exchange futures transactions for or with retail customers without being subject to regulation under the Commodity Exchange Act.
The Commodity Futures Modernization Act also permits bank clearing organizations and clearing organizations regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, to clear a broad array of derivatives products in addition to the products that these clearing organizations have traditionally cleared. This allocation of jurisdiction may be advantageous to competing clearing organizations and result in a lower volume of trading cleared through our clearing house.
If we are not able to keep up with rapid technological changes, our business will be materially harmed.
To remain competitive, we must continue to improve the responsiveness, functionality, accessibility and other features of our software, network distribution systems and technologies. The markets in which we compete are characterized by rapidly changing technology, changes in customer demand and uses of our products and services, frequent product and service introductions embodying new technologies and the emergence of new industry standards and practices that could render our existing technology and systems obsolete. Our future success will depend in part on our ability to anticipate and adapt to technological advancements and changing standards in a timely, cost-efficient and competitive manner. We cannot assure you that we will successfully implement new technologies or adapt our technology to customer and competitive requirements or emerging industry standards.
Any significant decline in the trading volume of our Eurodollar, S&P 500 or NASDAQ-100 futures and options on futures contracts or in privately negotiated foreign exchange transactions using our clearing house would adversely affect our revenues and profitability.
We are substantially dependent on trading volume from three product offerings for a significant portion of our clearing and transaction fees revenues and profits. The clearing and transaction fees revenues attributable to transactions in our Eurodollar contracts, all our contracts based on the S&P 500 and NASDAQ-100, including
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our E-mini products, and privately negotiated foreign exchange transactions using our clearing house were approximately 40%, 32%, 13% and 7%, respectively, of our total clearing and transaction fees revenues during 2002 and approximately 35%, 35%, 11% and 8%, respectively, during the nine months ended September 30, 2003. Any significant decline in our trading volume in any of these products would negatively impact our business, financial condition and operating results.
We believe our Eurodollar product serves as a global financial benchmark, but we cannot assure you that, in the future, other products will not become preferred alternatives to the Eurodollar contract as a means of managing or speculating on interest rate risk. We also cannot assure you that competitors will not enter the Eurodollar market, or that our members will not trade Eurodollars in privately negotiated bilateral transactions without the use of our clearing house. In either of these events, our trading volume, revenues and profitability would be adversely affected.
Our rights to the Standard & Poors and NASDAQ products were obtained through licensing arrangements. Our license agreement with Standard & Poors provides that the S&P 500 Index futures products will be exclusive until December 31, 2008 and non-exclusive from December 31, 2008 until December 31, 2013.
In October 2003, we expanded our license agreement with The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. to develop new products based on the NASDAQ Composite Index and to extend the initial term of our license agreement to October 2007, with an automatic four-year extension term thereafter. Our license with NASDAQ will be exclusive with respect to futures and options on futures contracts based on the NASDAQ-100 Index or the NASDAQ Composite Index through the term of the agreement. However, NASDAQ has the right, under certain circumstances, following October 27, 2005, to terminate the license or our exclusivity solely with respect to the NASDAQ Composite Index if certain minimum performance requirements are not satisfied.
We cannot assure you that either of our Standard & Poors or NASDAQ license agreements will be renewed when they terminate or that we will be able to achieve or maintain the performance requirements necessary to continue to have exclusive rights to the NASDAQ Composite Index. In addition, we cannot assure you that others will not succeed in creating stock index futures based on information similar to that which we have obtained by license or that market participants will not increasingly use alternative instruments, including securities and options based on the S&P and NASDAQ indexes, to manage or speculate on U.S. stock risks. We also cannot assure you that NASDAQ will not directly or indirectly through other exchanges offer security futures contracts that compete with our broad-based index futures contracts based upon NASDAQ indexes. Currently, NQLX, LLC offers futures contracts based on an exchange-traded fund called QQQ, which may compete with our NASDAQ-100 futures contracts. Any of these events could have an adverse effect on our trading volume, revenues and profits.
Some of our largest clearing firms have indicated their belief that clearing facilities should not be owned or controlled by exchanges and should be operated as utilities and not for profit. These clearing firms are seeking legislative or regulatory changes that would, if adopted, enable them to use alternative clearing services for positions established on our exchange. Even if they are not successful, these factors may cause them to limit or stop the use of our markets.
Some of our largest clearing firms, which are significant customers and intermediaries in our products, have increasingly stressed the importance to them of centralizing clearing of futures contracts and options on futures in order to maximize the efficient use of their capital, exercise greater control over their value at risk and extract greater operating leverage from clearing activities. Many clearing firms have expressed the view that clearing firms should control the governance of clearing houses or that clearing houses should be operated as utilities rather than as for-profit enterprises. Some of these firms, along with the Futures Industry Association, are attempting to cause legislative or regulatory changes to be adopted that would facilitate mechanisms or policies that allow market participants to transfer positions from an exchange-owned clearing house to a clearing house
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owned and controlled by clearing firms. Our strategic business plan is to operate a vertically integrated transaction execution and clearing and settlement business. If these legislative or regulatory changes are adopted, our strategy and business plan may lead clearing firms to establish, or seek to use, alternative clearing houses for clearing positions established on our exchange. Even if they are not successful in their efforts, the factors described above may cause clearing firms to limit or stop the use of our products and markets. If any of these events occur, our revenues and profits would be adversely affected.
Our clearing house operations expose us to substantial credit risk of third parties. Our financial condition will be adversely affected in the event of a significant default.
Our clearing house acts as the counterparty to all trades consummated on or through our exchange. As a result, we are exposed to significant credit risk of third parties, including our clearing firms. We are also exposed, indirectly, to the credit risk of customers of our clearing firms. These parties may default on their obligations due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure or other reasons. A substantial part of our working capital is at risk if a clearing firm defaults on its obligations to our clearing house and its margin and security deposits are insufficient to meet its obligations. Although we have policies and procedures to help assure that our clearing firms can satisfy their obligations, these policies and procedures may not succeed in detecting problems or preventing defaults. We also have in place various measures intended to enable us to cover any default and maintain liquidity. However, we cannot assure you that these measures will be sufficient to protect us from a default or that we will not be materially and adversely affected in the event of a significant default.
We may not realize any or all of the anticipated benefits of our agreement to provide clearing and related services for CBOT products.
In April 2003, we entered into an agreement with CBOT to provide clearing and related services for CBOT futures and futures options contracts. Under the CME/CBOT Common Clearing Link, clearing services for commodity, equity and some interest rate products are expected to begin on November 24, 2003 and for all other CBOT futures and futures options contracts on January 2, 2004. The initial term of the agreement is four years, with three year renewals upon the mutual consent of the parties. Under the terms of the agreement, CBOT will pay us a fee for the clearing services we provide. This fee will vary based on transaction volume but is guaranteed to be at least $4.5 million per quarter. Pursuant to the agreement, CBOT reimbursed us $2.0 million in initial development costs, which is the maximum reimbursable amount of such costs under the agreement. CBOT will also reimburse us for the ongoing costs associated with the telecommunications equipment and services that are necessary for us to provide clearing services.
Successful implementation of the agreement is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. Among these risks are unforeseen technical difficulties in either implementing or operating our clearing systems, failure to obtain necessary regulatory or governmental approvals and our or CBOTs inability to perform our respective obligations under the agreement as a result of legal or regulatory restrictions. Any of these factors might delay the launch date or result in termination of the agreement.
Even if we successfully provide clearing services under the agreement, the anticipated net revenues and net income will be dependent on CBOTs ability to maintain and/or expand its trading volume, which is subject to a number of factors beyond CBOTs control. As a futures exchange, CBOTs ability to maintain or expand its volume and operate its business is subject to the same types of risks to which we are subject and that are described in this section of the prospectus entitled Risk Factors. For example, in September 2003, Eurex announced that it would launch a registered U.S. derivatives exchange on February 1, 2004, which would initially offer, among other products, contracts on U.S. Treasury notes and bonds that will compete with contracts currently traded at CBOT. Our net income from the Common Clearing Link will also depend on our ability to control our costs associated with providing the clearing services.
Both we and CBOT may terminate the agreement in some circumstances. Depending on the circumstances of the termination, under the terms of the agreement, CBOTs liability to us is generally limited to amounts ranging between $8.0 million and $30.0 million. Similarly, depending on the circumstances of the termination, under the terms of the agreement, our liability to CBOT is generally limited to amounts ranging between $10.0
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million and $30.0 million. If either we or CBOT are prohibited from performing our obligations under the agreement by law or governmental legal action, the agreement may be terminated without liability to either party. As a result of all of the risks and uncertainties described above, we cannot assure you that the agreement will not be terminated prior to the commencement of clearing operations or the end of the term of the agreement or that we will be able to realize any or all of the anticipated benefits of our clearing agreement with CBOT. Any such event could have an adverse effect on the price of our Class A common stock.
If we experience systems failures or capacity constraints, our ability to conduct our operations and execute our business strategy could be materially harmed and we could be subjected to significant costs and liabilities.
We are heavily dependent on the capacity and reliability of the computer and communications systems and software supporting our operations. We receive and/or process a large portion of our trade orders through electronic means, such as through public and private communications networks. Our systems, or those of our third party providers, may fail or operate slowly, causing one or more of the following to occur:
| unanticipated disruptions in service to our customers; |
| slower response times; |
| delays in our customers trade execution; |
| failed settlement of trades; |
| incomplete or inaccurate accounting, recording or processing of trades; |
| financial losses; |
| litigation or other customer claims; and |
| regulatory sanctions. |
We cannot assure you that we will not experience systems failures from power or telecommunications failure, acts of God, war or terrorism, human error, natural disasters, fire, sabotage, hardware or software malfunctions or defects, computer viruses, acts of vandalism or similar events. If any of our systems do not operate properly or are disabled, including as a result of system failure, customer error or misuse of our systems, we could suffer financial loss, liability to customers, regulatory intervention or reputational damage that could affect demand by current and potential users of our market.
From time to time, we have experienced system errors and failures that have resulted in some customers being unable to connect to our electronic trading platform or erroneous reporting, such as transactions that were not authorized by any customer or reporting of filled orders as cancelled. In September 2002 and in May 2003, we experienced hardware failures that resulted in a temporary suspension of trading on our GLOBEX platform. The impact of these events has not been material.
Our status as a CFTC registrant requires that our trade execution and communications systems be able to handle anticipated present and future peak trading volume. Heavy use of our computer systems during peak trading times or at times of unusual market volatility could cause our systems to operate slowly or even to fail for periods of time. We constantly monitor system loads and performance and regularly implement system upgrades to handle estimated increases in trading volume. However, we cannot assure you that our estimates of future trading volume will be accurate or that our systems will always be able to accommodate actual trading volume without failure or degradation of performance. For example, in June and July 2002, the volume on our GLOBEX electronic trading platform repeatedly exceeded one million contracts in a single day. During the initial period of increased GLOBEX trading volume, there were instances of connectivity problems or erroneous reports that affected some users of the platform. System failure or degradation could lead our customers to file formal complaints with industry regulatory organizations, file lawsuits against us or cease doing business with us or could lead the CFTC or other regulators to initiate inquiries or proceedings for failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations.
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We will need to continue to upgrade, expand and increase the capacity of our systems as our business grows and we execute our business strategy. Our systems were designed to handle at least twice our peak transactions in our highest volume products. As volumes grow, the ability of our systems to meet this goal on an ongoing basis depends on our ability to increase our system capacity on a timely basis while maintaining system reliability. Although many of our systems are designed to accommodate additional volume and products and services without redesign or replacement, we will need to continue to make significant investments in additional hardware and software to accommodate increased volume and to provide transaction processing and business services to third parties. If we cannot increase the capacity and capabilities of our systems to accommodate an increasing volume of transactions and to execute our business strategy, our ability to maintain or expand our businesses would be adversely affected.
We depend on third party suppliers and service providers for a number of services that are important to our business. An interruption or cessation of an important supply or service by any third party could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We depend on a number of suppliers, such as banking, clearing and settlement organizations, telephone companies, online service providers, data processors, and software and hardware vendors for elements of our trading, clearing and other systems, as well as communications and networking equipment, computer hardware and software and related support and maintenance. We cannot assure you that any of these providers will be able to continue to provide these services in an efficient, cost-effective manner or that they will be able to adequately expand their services to meet our needs. An interruption in or the cessation of an important supply or service by any third party and our inability to make alternative arrangements in a timely manner, or at all, would result in lost revenue and higher costs.
Our networks and those of our third party service providers may be vulnerable to security risks, which could result in wrongful use of our information or cause interruptions in our operations that cause us to lose customers and trading volume and result in significant liabilities. We could also be required to incur significant expense to protect our systems.
We expect the secure transmission of confidential information over public networks to continue to be a critical element of our operations. Our networks and those of our third party service providers, our members and our customers may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses and other security problems. Persons who circumvent security measures could wrongfully use our information or cause interruptions or malfunctions in our operations. Any of these events could cause us to lose customers or trading volume. We may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of security breaches or to alleviate problems, including reputational harm and litigation, caused by breaches. Although we intend to continue to implement industry-standard security measures, these measures may prove to be inadequate and result in system failures and delays that could cause us to lose customers, experience lower trading volume and incur significant liabilities.
We operate in a heavily regulated environment that imposes significant costs and competitive burdens on our business.
Although the Commodity Futures Modernization Act significantly reduced our regulatory burdens, we remain extensively regulated by the CFTC. Our international operations may be subject to similar regulations in specific jurisdictions. We have registered in the United Kingdom as a recognized foreign exchange. We may be required to register or become subject to regulation in other jurisdictions in order to accept business from customers in those jurisdictions.
Many aspects of our operations are subject to oversight and regulation by the CFTC. Our activities relating to single stock and narrow-based stock index futures products are subject to oversight by the SEC. Our operations are subject to ongoing review and oversight, including:
| the security and soundness of our order routing and trading systems; |
| record keeping and record retention procedures; |
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| maintaining a fair and orderly market; |
| the licensing of our members and many of their employees; and |
| the conduct of our directors, officers, employees and affiliates. |
If we fail to comply with applicable laws, rules or regulations, we may be subject to censure, fines, cease-and-desist orders, suspension of our business, removal of personnel or other sanctions, including revocation of our designations as a contract market and a derivatives clearing organization. Changes in laws, regulations or governmental policies could have a material adverse effect on the way we conduct our business.
The CFTC has broad powers to investigate and enforce compliance and punish non-compliance with its rules and regulations. We cannot assure you that we and/or our directors, officers and employees will be able to fully comply with these rules and regulations. We also cannot assure you that we will not be subject to claims or actions by the CFTC or other agencies.
Demutualization and utilization of electronic trading systems by traders from remote locations will, among other developments, impact our ability to continue the traditional forms of self-regulation that have been an integral part of the CFTC regulatory program. The CFTC is reviewing that impact, and it is unclear at this time whether the CFTC will make modifications to its regulations that will have an adverse effect on the way we conduct our business.
From time to time, it is proposed in Congress that federal financial markets regulators should be consolidated, including a possible merger between the CFTC and the SEC. While those proposals have not been adopted to date, the perceived convergence of product lines offered on the securities and commodity exchanges could make adoption more likely. To the extent the regulatory environment following such consolidation is less beneficial for us, our business could be negatively affected.
From time to time, the Presidents budget includes a proposal that a transaction tax be imposed on futures and options on futures transactions. While those proposals have not been adopted to date, except for a per-contract fee imposed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 on single stock futures and futures on narrow-based stock indexes, the imposition of any such tax would increase the cost of using our products and, consequently, could adversely impact our trading volumes, revenues and profits.
Our compliance and risk management methods might not be effective and may result in outcomes that could adversely affect our reputation, financial condition and operating results.
Generally, the CFTC has broad enforcement powers to censure, fine, issue cease-and-desist orders, prohibit us from engaging in some of our businesses or suspend or revoke our designation as a contract market or the registration of any of our officers or employees who violate applicable laws or regulations. Our ability to comply with applicable laws and rules is largely dependent on our establishment and maintenance of compliance, audit and reporting systems, as well as our ability to attract and retain qualified compliance and other risk management personnel. We face the risk of significant intervention by regulatory authorities, including extensive examination and surveillance activity. In the case of non-compliance or alleged non-compliance with applicable laws or regulations, we could be subject to investigations and judicial or administrative proceedings that may result in substantial penalties or civil lawsuits, including by customers, for damages, which can be significant. Any of these outcomes would adversely affect our reputation, financial condition and operating results. In extreme cases, these outcomes could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business.
Our policies and procedures to identify, monitor and manage our risks may not be fully effective. Some of our risk management methods depend upon evaluation of information regarding markets, customers or other matters that are publicly available or otherwise accessible by us. That information may not in all cases be accurate, complete, up-to-date or properly evaluated. Management of operational, legal and regulatory risk requires, among other things, policies and procedures to record properly and verify a large number of transactions and events. We cannot assure you that our policies and procedures will always be effective or that we will always be successful in monitoring or evaluating the risks to which we are or may be exposed.
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As a financial services provider, we are subject to significant litigation risk and potential securities law liability.
Many aspects of our business involve substantial liability risks. While we enjoy governmental immunity for some of our market-related activities, we could be exposed to substantial liability under federal and state laws and court decisions, as well as rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC and the CFTC. These risks include, among others, potential liability from disputes over terms of a trade, the claim that a system failure or delay caused monetary losses to a customer, that we entered into an unauthorized transaction or that we provided materially false or misleading statements in connection with a transaction. Dissatisfied customers frequently make claims regarding quality of trade execution, improperly settled trades, mismanagement or even fraud against their service providers. We may become subject to these claims as the result of failures or malfunctions of our systems and services we provide. We could incur significant legal expenses defending claims, even those without merit. In addition, an adverse resolution of any future lawsuit or claim against us could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We could be harmed by employee misconduct or errors that are difficult to detect and deter.
There have been a number of highly publicized cases involving fraud or other misconduct by employees of financial services firms in recent years. Misconduct by our employees, including employees of GFX Corporation, our wholly owned subsidiary that engages in proprietary trading in foreign exchange and Eurodollar futures, could include hiding unauthorized activities from us, improper or unauthorized activities on behalf of customers or improper use of confidential information. Employee misconduct could subject us to financial losses or regulatory sanctions and seriously harm our reputation. It is not always possible to deter employee misconduct, and the precautions we take to prevent and detect this activity may not be effective in all cases. Our employees also may commit errors that could subject us to financial claims for negligence, or otherwise, as well as regulatory actions.
Our acquisition, investment and alliance strategy involves risks. If we are unable to effectively manage these risks, our business will be materially harmed.
To achieve our strategic objectives, in the future we may seek to acquire or invest in other companies, businesses or technologies. Acquisitions entail numerous risks, including the following:
| difficulties in the assimilation of acquired businesses or technologies; |
| diversion of managements attention from other business concerns; |
| assumption of unknown material liabilities; |
| failure to achieve financial or operating objectives; and |
| potential loss of customers or key employees of acquired companies. |
We may not be able to integrate successfully any operations, personnel, services or products that we have acquired or may acquire in the future.
We also may seek to expand or enhance some of our operations by forming joint ventures or alliances with various strategic partners throughout the world. Entering into joint ventures and alliances also entails risks, including difficulties in developing and expanding the business of newly formed joint ventures, exercising influence over the activities of joint ventures in which we do not have a controlling interest, and potential conflicts with our joint venture or alliance partners. For example, in 2001 we entered into an operating agreement governing OneChicago, our joint venture with CBOE and CBOT, to trade single stock futures and futures based on narrow-based stock indexes. Under the terms of our operating agreement, we own approximately a 40% interest in OneChicago, CBOE owns approximately a 40% interest and CBOT and management of OneChicago each own a minority interest. Our ability to control key decisions relating to the operation and development of OneChicago will be limited. In addition, under the terms of our operating agreement, until May 31, 2005, we are restricted from in any way engaging in the business of trading, marketing, regulating, selling, purchasing,
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clearing or settling transactions in single stock futures other than in conjunction with the joint venture. This restriction on our ability to compete applies whether or not we remain part of the joint venture, but it does not apply to futures based on narrow-based stock indexes. In 2002, we entered into an agreement with NYMEX to introduce e-miNY energy futures contracts, which trade on our GLOBEX electronic trading platform and clear at the NYMEX clearing house. During the term of the agreement and for one year thereafter, we are generally prohibited, other than in cooperation with NYMEX, from providing for or facilitating electronic trading in futures or options on futures contracts on any underlying commodity (or index of commodities) that is also the underlying commodity for a product listed for trading by NYMEX. We cannot assure you that any joint venture or alliance that we have entered or may enter into will be successful.
Our ability to successfully trade single stock futures and futures on narrow-based stock indexes may be impaired by statutory and regulatory provisions that limit our natural competitive advantages and expand opportunities for competitors.
The Commodity Futures Modernization Act, which authorized us to trade futures contracts based on individual securities and narrow-based stock indexes, or security futures, prohibited the implementation in connection with these contracts of many traditional features of futures trading that would have made using security futures cheaper, tax advantaged and more efficient than using similar security options and OTC security derivatives. The Commodity Futures Modernization Act also created a system of dual registration and regulation for security futures intermediaries and exchanges that may be costly and burdensome to the intermediaries and the exchanges and may discourage intermediaries and investors from using security futures. The Commodity Futures Modernization Act also eliminated most legal impediments to unregulated trading of security futures or similar products between qualified investors. In addition, foreign exchanges may be allowed to trade similar products under terms that will be more favorable than the terms we are permitted to offer our customers. Finally, security futures are subject to a number of complicated and controversial regulations. As a result, we cannot assure you that we, either directly or through our joint venture, OneChicago, will be successful in offering single stock futures or futures on narrow-based stock indexes.
The imposition in the future of regulations requiring that clearing houses establish linkages with other clearing houses whereby positions at one clearing house can be transferred to and maintained at, or otherwise offset by a fungible position existing at, another clearing house may have a material adverse effect on the operation of our business.
In connection with the trading of single stock futures and futures on narrow-based stock indexes, the Commodity Futures Modernization Act contemplates that clearing houses will, after an initial period, establish linkages enabling a position in any such product executed on an exchange for which it clears these products to be offset by an economically linked or fungible position on the opposite side of the market that is executed on another exchange utilizing a different clearing house. If, in the future, a similar requirement is imposed with respect to futures contracts generally, the resulting unbundling of trade execution and clearing services would have a material adverse effect on our revenues and profits.
Expansion of our operations internationally involves special challenges that we may not be able to meet, which could adversely affect our financial results.
We plan to continue to expand our operations internationally, including by directly placing order entry terminals with members and/or customers outside the United States and by relying on distribution systems established by our current and future strategic alliance partners. We face certain risks inherent in doing business in international markets, particularly in the regulated derivatives exchange business. These risks include:
| restrictions on the use of trading terminals or the contracts that may be traded; |
| becoming subject to extensive regulations and oversight, tariffs and other trade barriers; |
| reduced protection for intellectual property rights; |
21
| difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations; and |
| potentially adverse tax consequences. |
In addition, we will be required to comply with the laws and regulations of foreign governmental and regulatory authorities of each country in which we conduct business. These may include laws, rules and regulations relating to any aspect of the derivatives business. To date, we have had limited experience in marketing and operating our products and services internationally. We cannot assure you that we will be able to succeed in marketing our products and services in international markets. We may also experience difficulty in managing our international operations because of, among other things, competitive conditions overseas, management of foreign exchange risk, established domestic markets, language and cultural differences and economic or political instability. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on the success of our international operations and, consequently, on our business, financial condition and operating results.
We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights, which may materially harm our business.
We rely primarily on trade secret, copyright, service mark, trademark and patent law and contractual protections to protect our proprietary technology and other proprietary rights. We have filed several patent applications covering our technology. Notwithstanding the precautions we take to protect our intellectual property rights, it is possible that third parties may copy or otherwise obtain and use our proprietary technology without authorization or otherwise infringe on our rights. We also seek to protect our software and databases as trade secrets and under copyright law. We have copyright registrations for certain of our software, user manuals and databases. The copyright protection afforded to databases, however, is fairly limited. While the arrangement and selection of data generally are protectable, the actual data may not be, and others may be free to create databases that would perform the same function. In some cases, including a number of our most important products, there may be no effective legal recourse against duplication by competitors. In addition, in the future, we may have to rely on litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets, determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others or defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Any such litigation, whether successful or unsuccessful, could result in substantial costs to us and diversions of our resources, either of which could adversely affect our business.
Any infringement by us on patent rights of others could result in litigation and adversely affect our ability to continue to provide, or increase the cost of providing, electronic execution services.
Patents of third parties may have an important bearing on our ability to offer certain of our products and services. Our competitors as well as other companies and individuals may obtain, and may be expected to obtain in the future, patents related to the types of products and services we offer or plan to offer. We cannot assure you that we are or will be aware of all patents containing claims that may pose a risk of infringement by our products and services. In addition, some patent applications in the United States are confidential until a patent is issued and, therefore, we cannot evaluate the extent to which our products and services may be covered or asserted to be covered by claims contained in pending patent applications. In general, if one or more of our products or services were to infringe patents held by others, we may be required to stop developing or marketing the products or services, to obtain licenses to develop and market the services from the holders of the patents or to redesign the products or services in such a way as to avoid infringing on the patent claims. We cannot assess the extent to which we may be required in the future to obtain licenses with respect to patents held by others, whether such licenses would be available or, if available, whether we would be able to obtain such licenses on commercially reasonable terms. If we were unable to obtain such licenses, we may not be able to redesign our products or services to avoid infringement, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
As a holding company, we are totally dependent on dividends from our operating subsidiary to pay dividends and other obligations.
We are a holding company with no business operations. Our only significant asset is the outstanding capital stock of our subsidiary. As a result, we must rely on payments from our subsidiary to meet our obligations. In February 2003, we declared our first regular quarterly dividend of $0.14 per share to Class A and Class B shareholders, which was paid on March 25, 2003. On May 8, 2003 and August 7, 2003, we declared quarterly
22
dividends of $0.14 per share to Class A and Class B shareholders, which were paid on June 25, 2003 and September 25, 2003, respectively. We intend to continue to pay regular quarterly dividends to our shareholders. On September 3, 2003, we announced that, beginning with the dividend payment in the fourth quarter of 2003, our annual dividend target will be increased from 20% of the prior years cash earnings to 30% of the prior years cash earnings. On November 5, 2003, we declared a quarterly dividend of $0.21 per share to Class A and Class B shareholders, payable on December 26, 2003 to shareholders of record on December 10, 2003. We currently expect that the earnings and cash flow of our subsidiary will primarily be retained and used by it in its operations, including servicing any debt obligations it may have now or in the future. Accordingly, our subsidiary may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow to pay a dividend or distribute funds to us in order to allow us to pay a dividend on or make a distribution in respect of our Class A common stock. Our existing credit facility, as well as future credit facilities, other future debt obligations and statutory provisions, may limit our ability to pay dividends.
Risks Associated With Purchasing Our Class A Common Stock In This Offering
If we settle the option granted to our CEO only in shares of Class A common stock, we could be required to issue substantial additional shares of Class A common stock. In addition, if our Class B shares and the associated trading rights increase in value relative to our Class A shares, holders of our Class A shares will experience additional dilution.
We granted our CEO an option to purchase our Class A and Class B shares, with two separately exercisable tranches. Each tranche of the option is for 2.5% of each class of our common stock outstanding as of the date of our demutualization, as adjusted for our reorganization. We may settle the exercise of the option with any combination of Class A shares or cash, at our discretion. If the exercisable portion of the option was exercised on October 27, 2003, the exercise price was paid in cash and the option was settled only with Class A common stock, we would have been required to issue 1,442,629 shares of Class A common stock, based on the $68.00 per share closing price of our Class A common stock on that date.
The value of our Class A shares is not directly linked to the value of our Class B shares and the associated trading rights. As a result, if we decide to settle the entire option by issuing only Class A shares, the amount of dilution experienced by holders of our Class A shares would increase if our Class B shares and the associated trading rights increased in value relative to our Class A shares. As of September 30, 2003, the value of the trading rights associated with our Class B shares had decreased by approximately 17% and 4% compared to their value as of December 31, 2002 and December 31, 2001, respectively.
Sales of our Class A common stock may have an adverse impact on the market price of our Class A common stock.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Class A common stock in the public market following this offering, or the perception that large sales could occur, could cause the market price of our Class A common stock to decline. Either of these circumstances could also limit our future ability to raise capital through an offering of equity securities. All of the shares of Class A common stock sold in this offering will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act by persons other than our affiliates within the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act.
The currently issued and outstanding shares of our Class A-1, A-2, A-3 and A-4 common stock are registered under the Securities Act but are subject to significant transfer restrictions. The transfer restrictions on all our Class A-1, A-2, A-3 and A-4 shares that are issued and outstanding immediately after this offering, which will total 24,147,219 shares, will expire on June 4, 2004 if all of the Class A-2 shares offered in this offering are sold. Upon expiration, these shares of Class A common stock held by existing shareholders will be freely transferable unless held by affiliates within the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If our shareholders sell a large number of shares of our Class A common stock upon the expiration of some or all of these restrictions, the market price for our Class A common stock could decline significantly. For a more detailed description of the transfer restrictions imposed on our Class A-1, A-2, A-3 and A-4 common stock, see the section of this prospectus entitled Description of Capital Stock.
23
SPECIAL NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Some of the statements under Prospectus Summary, Risk Factors, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and elsewhere in this prospectus and in the documents we incorporate by reference in this prospectus constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These factors include, among other things, those listed under Risk Factors and elsewhere in this prospectus and the documents we incorporate by reference in this prospectus.
In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as may, will, should, could, expects, plans, anticipates, believes, estimates, predicts, potential or continue or the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology.
Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of such statements. We are under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this prospectus.
24
All of the shares of Class A common stock offered by this prospectus are being sold by the selling shareholders. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of Class A common stock in this offering.
On June 4, 2002, our board of directors declared a special cash dividend on each outstanding and restricted share of our Class A and Class B common stock in the amount of $0.60 per share to shareholders of record as of June 17, 2002. The aggregate amount of the dividend was $17.3 million, which was paid on June 28, 2002. We did not pay a dividend in 2001.
We intend to pay regular quarterly dividends to our shareholders. In February 2003, we declared our first regular quarterly dividend of $0.14 per share to Class A and Class B shareholders. On May 8, 2003 and August 7, 2003, we declared quarterly dividends of $0.14 per share to Class A and Class B shareholders, which were paid on June 25, 2003 and September 25, 2003, respectively. On September 3, 2003, we announced that, beginning with the dividend payment in the fourth quarter of 2003, our annual dividend target will be increased from 20% of the prior years cash earnings to 30% of the prior years cash earnings. On November 5, 2003, we declared a quarterly dividend of $0.21 per share to Class A and Class B shareholders, payable on December 26, 2003 to shareholders of record on December 10, 2003.
The decision to pay a dividend remains within the discretion of our board of directors and may be affected by various factors, including our earnings, financial condition, capital requirements, level of indebtedness and other considerations our board of directors deems relevant. Our existing credit facility, as well as future credit facilities, other future debt obligations and statutory provisions, may limit our ability to pay dividends.
PRICE RANGE OF OUR CLASS A COMMON STOCK
Our Class A common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol CME. The following table sets forth, for each of the periods indicated, the high and low closing sale prices per share of our Class A common stock as reported by the New York Stock Exchange.
High |
Low | |||||
2002: |
||||||
Fourth Quarter (from December 6, 2002) |
$ | 45.06 | $ | 42.00 | ||
2003: |
||||||
First Quarter |
$ | 49.62 | $ | 41.50 | ||
Second Quarter |
69.63 | 46.46 | ||||
Third Quarter |
78.98 | 66.41 | ||||
Fourth Quarter (through November 13, 2003) |
74.70 | 65.37 |
On November 13, 2003, the reported last sale price of our Class A common stock on the New York Stock Exchange was $67.27 per share.
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The following table sets forth our capitalization as of September 30, 2003. The outstanding share information excludes:
| 58,000 shares of Class A common stock subject to restricted stock awards, which are not vested; |
| 1,466,265 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options issued under our stock option plan, with a weighted average exercise price of $35.44 per share; and |
| 1,451,054 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of the outstanding stock options issued to our chief executive officer, at a weighted average exercise price of $27.56 per share, based on the $68.81 per share closing price for our Class A common stock on September 30, 2003, and assuming the exercisable portion of the option was exercised on that date, the exercise price was paid in cash and the option was settled only in Class A common stock. For a more detailed description of the option granted to our chief executive officer, see the section of this prospectus entitled Principal and Selling Shareholders. |
The information set forth below should be read in conjunction with Selected Financial Data, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and our financial statements and related notes included elsewhere and incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
As of September 30, 2003 |
||||
(in thousands, except share data) |
||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 391,534 | ||
Long-term debt (including current portion)(1) |
$ | 2,156 | ||
Shareholders equity |
||||
Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 9,860,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding |
$ | | ||
Series A junior participating preferred stock, $.01 par value; 140,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding |
| |||
Class A common stock, $.01 par value; 138,000,000 shares authorized; 32,810,762 shares issued and outstanding |
328 | |||
Class B common stock, $.01 par value; 3,138 shares authorized, issued and outstanding |
| |||
Additional paid-in capital |
192,210 | |||
Unearned restricted stock compensation |
(1,097 | ) | ||
Retained earnings |
345,625 | |||
Total shareholders equity |
537,066 | |||
Total capitalization |
$ | 539,222 | ||
(1) | Long-term debt consists of capitalized lease obligations. |
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The following selected consolidated financial data with respect to each of the years in the five-year period ended December 31, 2002 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. The financial information provided as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 and 2003 is unaudited, but in the opinion of management contains all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring accruals, necessary for a fair presentation of our results of operations and financial position for such periods. The information set forth below is not necessarily indicative of the results of future operations and should be read in conjunction with Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the financial statements and related notes included elsewhere and incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
Year Ended December 31, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1998 |
1999 |
2000 (restated) |
2001 (restated) |
2002 |
2002 (restated) |
2003 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income Statement Data:(1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Clearing and transaction fees |
$ | 126,524 | $ | 140,305 | $ | 156,649 | $ | 292,459 | $ | 356,396 | $ | 261,414 | $ | 326,053 | ||||||||||||||
Quotation data fees |
40,079 | 43,005 | 36,285 | 48,250 | 48,717 | 36,507 | 38,980 | |||||||||||||||||||||
GLOBEX access fees |
1,013 | 1,899 | 3,971 | 11,987 | 12,945 | 9,770 | 11,566 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Communication fees |
8,128 | 8,165 | 9,391 | 9,330 | 9,733 | 7,364 | 7,243 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Investment income |
10,117 | 9,091 | 9,736 | 8,956 | 7,740 | 6,098 | 5,661 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Securities lending interest income |
| | | 10,744 | 18,169 | 14,702 | 7,327 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
11,304 | 8,137 | 10,520 | 14,904 | 15,379 | 10,943 | 13,326 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues |
197,165 | 210,602 | 226,552 | 396,630 | 469,079 | 346,798 | 410,156 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Securities lending interest expense |
| | | (9,477 | ) | (15,902 | ) | (13,009 | ) | (6,739 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Net revenues |
197,165 | 210,602 | 226,552 | 387,153 | 453,177 | 333,789 | 403,417 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits |
72,386 | 80,957 | 102,278 | 111,465 | 118,710 | 88,433 | 107,878 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
19,702 | 17,773 | 19,629 | 20,420 | 22,400 | 16,970 | 18,996 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Professional fees, outside services and licenses |
28,038 | 28,319 | 23,131 | 27,289 | 32,549 | 24,747 | 22,789 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Communications and computer and software maintenance |
22,731 | 28,443 | 41,920 | 43,598 | 46,569 | 33,816 | 33,986 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
17,943 | 25,274 | 33,489 | 37,639 | 48,509 | 35,504 | 39,863 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Patent litigation settlement |
| | | | 6,240 | 13,695 | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Marketing, advertising and public relations |
9,586 | 7,702 | 5,219 | 6,326 | 6,514 | 4,398 | 8,963 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
12,586 | 15,490 | 16,148 | 14,650 | 17,457 | 12,441 | 14,937 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total expenses |
182,972 | 203,958 | 241,814 | 261,387 | 298,948 | 230,004 | 247,412 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before limited partners interest in PMT and income taxes |
14,193 | 6,644 | (15,262 | ) | 125,766 | 154,229 | 103,785 | 156,005 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Limited partners interest in earnings of PMT |
(2,849 | ) | (2,126 | ) | (1,165 | ) | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||
Income tax (provision) benefit |
(4,315 | ) | (1,855 | ) | 5,931 | (50,658 | ) | (60,162 | ) | (41,237 | ) | (63,474 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 7,029 | $ | 2,663 | $ | (10,496 | ) | $ | 75,108 | $ | 94,067 | $ | 62,548 | $ | 92,531 | |||||||||||||
Earnings (loss) per share:(2) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | 0.24 | $ | 0.09 | $ | (0.36 | ) | $ | 2.61 | $ | 3.24 | $ | 2.17 | $ | 2.84 | |||||||||||||
Diluted |
0.24 | 0.09 | | 2.57 | 3.13 | 2.11 | 2.73 |
(1) | Income statement data for 2000 and 2001 and the nine months ended September 30, 2002 have been restated to reflect the adoption of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. Prior to the restatement, net income (loss) was ($5.9) million and $68.3 million for 2000 and 2001, respectively, and $61.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002. The basic loss per share was $0.21 for 2000, basic and diluted earnings per share were $2.37 and $2.33, respectively, for 2001 and basic and diluted earnings per share were $2.12 and $2.04, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2002. |
(2) | Earnings per share are presented as if common stock issued on December 3, 2001 as part of our reorganization into a holding company structure had been outstanding for all periods presented. For 2000, diluted loss per share is not presented, since shares issuable for stock options would have an anti-dilutive effect. |
27
As of December 31, |
As of September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||
1998 |
1999 |
2000 (restated) |
2001 (restated) |
2002 |
2002 (restated) |
2003 | |||||||||||||||
(unaudited) | |||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Balance Sheet Data:(3) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Assets: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents(4) |
$ | 14,841 | $ | 14,249 | $ | 30,655 | $ | 69,101 | $ | 339,260 | $ | 197,164 | $ | 391,534 | |||||||
Proceeds from securities lending activities(5) |
| | | 882,555 | 985,500 | 554,870 | 800,000 | ||||||||||||||
Short-term investments of interest earning facilities(6) |
| | | | | | 339,647 | ||||||||||||||
Cash performance bonds and security deposits(7) |
71,803 | 73,134 | 156,048 | 855,227 | 1,827,991 | 1,920,032 | 2,027,710 | ||||||||||||||
Total current assets(8) |
205,186 | 178,401 | 267,432 | 1,946,110 | 3,215,131 | 2,723,747 | 3,654,617 | ||||||||||||||
Total assets |
295,090 | 303,467 | 384,035 | 2,066,878 | 3,355,016 | 2,860,819 | 3,795,607 | ||||||||||||||
Liabilities and shareholders equity: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Payable under securities lending agreements(5) |
| | | 882,555 | 985,500 | 554,870 | 800,000 | ||||||||||||||
Payable to participants in interest earning facilities(6) |
| | | | | | 339,647 | ||||||||||||||
Cash performance bonds and security deposits(7) |
71,803 | 73,134 | 156,048 | 855,227 | 1,827,991 | 1,920,032 | 2,027,710 | ||||||||||||||
Total current liabilities |
112,555 | 111,717 | 198,294 | 1,801,845 | 2,889,494 | 2,543,993 | 3,240,302 | ||||||||||||||
Long-term obligations and limited partners interest in PMT |
15,638 | 23,087 | 19,479 | 16,667 | 19,383 | 20,267 | 18,239 | ||||||||||||||
Shareholders equity |
166,897 | 168,663 | 166,262 | 248,366 | 446,139 | 296,559 | 537,066 | ||||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2002 |
2003 | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except notional value of trading volume) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other Data: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Total trading volume (round turns, in contracts)(9) |
226,619 | 200,737 | 231,110 | 411,712 | 558,448 | 413,790 | 482,260 | ||||||||||||||
GLOBEX trading volume (round turns, in contracts)(9) |
9,744 | 16,135 | 34,506 | 81,895 | 197,975 | 131,685 | 208,545 | ||||||||||||||
Open interest at period-end (contracts) |
7,282 | 6,412 | 8,021 | 15,039 | 18,792 | 17,618 | 26,826 | ||||||||||||||
Notional value of trading volume (in trillions) |
$ | 161.7 | $ | 138.3 | $ | 155.0 | $ | 293.9 | $ | 328.6 | $ | 257.8 | $ | 253.2 |
(3) | Balance sheet data for 2000 and 2001 and as of September 30, 2002 have been restated to reflect the adoption of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. |
(4) | For 1998 through 2001, cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less and, for 2002 and 2003, money market mutual funds. |
(5) | Securities lending transactions utilize a portion of the securities that clearing firms have deposited to satisfy their proprietary performance bond requirements. Securities lending proceeds change daily. The related investment of these proceeds is short-term in nature. Investments consist principally of money market mutual funds. Securities lending activity is represented by an equal and offsetting current asset and current liability. See the section of this prospectus entitled Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity and Capital Resources for a more detailed discussion of our securities lending program. |
(6) | Clearing firms, at their option, may instruct CME to invest cash on deposit for performance bond purposes in a portfolio of securities that is part of the first IEF program. Interest earned, net of expenses, is passed on to participating clearing firms. The principal balance totaled $339.6 million at September 30, 2003, is guaranteed by CME as long as clearing firms maintain investment balances in this portfolio and is included in our consolidated financial statements under the provisions of FIN No. 46. |
(7) | Our clearing firms are subject to performance bond requirements pursuant to the rules of our exchange. These requirements can be satisfied in cash or by depositing securities, at the clearing firms election. The deposit of cash is reflected in our financial statements while the deposit of securities is not reflected in our financial statements. The amount of cash performance bonds and security deposits that are deposited by our clearing firms may change daily as a result of changes in the number of the clearing firms open positions and how clearing firms elect to satisfy their performance bond requirements. The balance of cash performance bonds and security deposits will also fluctuate daily based on the change in the value of positions held by clearing firms. When clearing firms deposit cash, it is held or invested by us on an overnight basis. We are required to return these funds when performance bond requirements are reduced, as these funds ultimately represent assets of the respective clearing firms. Therefore, the current asset represented by cash performance bonds and security deposits has an equal and offsetting current liability. See the section of this prospectus entitled Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity and Capital Resources for a more detailed discussion of cash performance bonds and security deposits. |
(8) | Current assets consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable and other current assets in addition to cash performance bonds and security deposits, securities lending proceeds, and short-term investments of interest earning facilities. Current assets are short-term in nature and are generally converted to cash in one year or less. |
(9) | A round turn represents a matched buy and sell. |
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MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in forward-looking statements for many reasons, including the risks described in Risk Factors and elsewhere in this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus. You should read the following discussion with Selected Financial Data and our financial statements and related notes included elsewhere and incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
Corporate Structure
We are the largest futures exchange in the United States and the second largest exchange in the world for the trading of futures and options on futures, as measured by 2002 annual trading volume. Our international marketplace brings together buyers and sellers on our trading floors, as well as through our GLOBEX electronic trading platform and privately negotiated transactions. We offer market participants the opportunity to trade futures contracts and options on futures primarily in four product areas: interest rates, stock indexes, foreign exchange and commodities.
Our exchange was organized in 1898 as a not-for-profit membership organization. On November 13, 2000, we became the first U.S. financial exchange to become a for-profit corporation by converting membership interests into shares of common stock. As a result of our conversion into a for-profit corporation, individuals and entities who, at the time, owned trading privileges on our exchange became the owners of all of the outstanding equity of CME. As part of our demutualization, we also purchased all of the assets and liabilities of P-M-T Limited Partnership, or PMT, an Illinois limited partnership that operated the GLOBEX electronic trading platform.
On December 3, 2001, we completed our reorganization into a holding company structure. As a result of the reorganization, CME became a wholly owned subsidiary of CME Holdings. In our reorganization, CME shareholders exchanged their shares for shares of CME Holdings. After the reorganization, these shareholders owned the same percentage of CME Holdings common stock that they previously owned of CME common stock. CME shareholders retained their memberships and trading privileges in CME. Prior to the reorganization, CME Holdings had no significant assets or liabilities. Our financial statements have been prepared as if the holding company structure had been in place for all periods presented.
On December 11, 2002, CME Holdings completed the initial public offering of its Class A common stock. CME Holdings Class A common stock is now listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol CME. All 5,463,730 shares of Class A common stock, including an aggregate of 712,660 shares of Class A common stock covered by an over-allotment option granted by CME Holdings to the underwriters, were sold at a price to the public of $35.00 per share. Of the 5,463,730 shares sold in the offering, 3,712,660 shares were sold by CME Holdings and 1,751,070 shares were sold by selling shareholders. The net proceeds to CME Holdings from the offering were approximately $117.5 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions paid to the underwriters and other expenses incurred in connection with the offering. CME Holdings did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling shareholders.
On June 24, 2003, CME Holdings completed a secondary offering of Class A common stock. The offering was conducted as a guided sale in accordance with CME Holdings certificate of incorporation in connection with the termination of transfer restrictions on shares of our Class A-1 common stock. The offering described in this prospectus is being conducted as a guided sale in connection with the termination of the transfer restrictions on our Class A-2 common stock. For additional information regarding the transfer restrictions and the guided sale process, see the section of this prospectus entitled Description of Capital StockTransfer Restrictions. All 1,220,635 shares of Class A common stock sold in the June guided sale were sold by selling shareholders at a
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price to the public of $69.60 per share. CME Holdings did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling shareholders in that offering and will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by selling shareholders in this offering.
As a not-for-profit membership organization, our business strategy and fee structure were designed to offer profit opportunities for our members and to limit our profits beyond that necessary to provide for sufficient working capital and infrastructure investment. Membership provided individuals and clearing firms with exclusive direct access to our markets, allowing them to profit from proprietary trading and customer execution. We provided some infrastructure services at a significant discount or as a membership benefit and, on occasion, offered fee holidays or fee rebates. For example, in 1998 we paid a rebate of $17.6 million to our clearing firms and member brokers, which had a negative impact on our profitability, as did other fee reductions implemented prior to our demutualization. As a result, our financial results for periods prior to our demutualization may not be indicative of such results in subsequent periods. Consequently, comparisons of periods before and after demutualization may not be meaningful.
In conjunction with our demutualization and corporate reorganization, we adopted a for-profit business strategy that has been integrated into our operations. As part of this integration process, we have examined and will continue to examine the fees we charge for our products in order to increase revenues and profitability, provide incentives for members and non-members to use our markets and enhance the liquidity of our markets. To enhance trading volume and promote new products, we offer discounts, some of which may be significant, to our members and non-members to use our markets. In the fourth quarter of 2000 and first quarter of 2001, we implemented changes to our fee structure. These changes included: increasing clearing fees for some products; increasing the daily maximum on GLOBEX fees for our E-mini products; implementing fees for order routing, delivery of agricultural products and a surcharge for trades executed by one firm and cleared by another clearing firm (give-ups); increasing fees for access to our trading floor by members and their employees; increasing fees for the use of certain facilities on our trading floor; reducing GLOBEX fees for interest rate products; and implementing reduced clearing fees for customers achieving certain volume levels in our interest rate products. In addition, we increased the number of GLOBEX access choices, altered the pricing for existing GLOBEX access choices, changed the type of market data offered through our non-professional service offering and increased the price of our professional market data service offering. In contrast to the fee rebates and other fee reductions implemented prior to our demutualization, this new approach to fees has had a significant positive impact on our revenues and profitability. In addition, we maintained a focus on expense discipline and specifically focused expenditures on projects designed to enhance our profitability. The net impact of these factors contributed to the growth in our net income from $7.0 million in 1998 to $94.1 million in 2002. Our net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 was $92.5 million, compared to net income of $62.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002.
Overview
As the largest futures exchange in the United States, our revenue is derived primarily from the clearing and transaction fees we assess on each contract traded through our trading venues or using our clearing house. As a result, revenues fluctuate significantly with volume changes, and thus our profitability is tied directly to the trading volume generated. Clearing and transaction fees are assessed based on the product traded, the membership status of the individual executing the trade and whether the trade is completed on our trading floor, through our GLOBEX electronic trading platform or as a privately negotiated transaction. In addition to clearing and transaction fees, revenues include quotation data fees, GLOBEX access fees, communication fees, investment income, including securities lending activities, and other revenue. Our securities lending activities generate interest income and related interest expense. We present securities lending interest expense as a reduction of total revenues on our consolidated statements of income to arrive at net revenues.
Net revenues increased from $197.2 million in 1998 to $453.2 million in 2002 and $403.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. As a result of the increase in trading volume during this time period and the fee changes implemented primarily as a result of our demutualization, the percentage of our revenues derived
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from clearing and transaction fees increased and represented 78.6% of our net revenues in 2002 and 80.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2003, compared to 64.2% for the year 1998.
While volume has a significant impact on our clearing and transaction fees revenue, there are four other factors that also influence this source of revenue: rate structure, mix of products traded, method of trade and the percentage of trades executed by customers who are members compared to non-member customers. Our fee structure is complex, and fees vary depending on the type of product traded. Therefore, our revenue increases or decreases if there is a change in trading or usage patterns. Trades executed through GLOBEX are charged fees for using the electronic trading platform in addition to the clearing fees assessed on all transactions executed on our exchange. Trades executed as privately negotiated transactions also incur additional charges beyond the clearing fees assessed on all transactions. In addition, non-member customers are charged higher fees than customers who are members. Our revenue decreases if the percentage of trades executed by customers who are members increases, and increases if the percentage of trades executed by non-member customers increases, even when our fee structure remains unchanged. As a result, there are multiple factors that can change over time, and these changes all potentially impact our revenue from clearing and transaction fees.
Our quotation data fees represent our second largest source of revenue. Revenue from these fees has increased a total of 21.6% from 1998 to 2002. These fees represented 10.8% of our net revenues in 2002 and 9.7% in the nine months ended September 30, 2003. In 1998, we began to generate revenue from fees assessed for access to our GLOBEX electronic trading platform. In June 2001, we began to engage in securities lending activities, which has contributed modestly to our net revenues for 2002. Revenue derived from communication fees has remained relatively constant from 1998 to 2002. However, investment income has experienced a decline, primarily as a result of the decline in interest rates since 2000. In general, other revenue has increased in a manner consistent with our net revenues from 1998 to 2002.
Expenses increased from $183.0 million in 1998 to $298.9 million in 2002 and were $247.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. The rate of increase in expenses has been lower than the rate of increase in revenues. The majority of our expenses fall into three categories: compensation and benefits; communications and computer and software maintenance; and depreciation and amortization. Additional expenses are also incurred for occupancy, professional fees, marketing, advertising and public relations and other expenses. Our compensation and benefits expense has increased 64.0% from 1998 to 2002 and represented 43.6% of our total expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. A significant component of the increase in expenses, stock-based compensation, which is included in compensation and benefits expense, began in 2000 and is a non-cash expense that results primarily from the option granted to our Chief Executive Officer as well as other stock-based compensation resulting from stock grants to certain other employees. In addition, in 2000, we incurred $9.8 million of expenses associated with restructuring of management, our demutualization and the write-off of certain internally developed software that could not be utilized as intended. Also, in 2002, we incurred $13.7 million of expense in the third quarter to settle the Wagner patent litigation that was partially offset by a $7.5 million reimbursement for this settlement from Euronext in the fourth quarter of 2002. This resulted in $6.2 million of net expense associated with this litigation for the year 2002.
With the exception of license fees paid for the trading of our stock index contracts and a component of our trading facility rent that is related to open outcry trading volume, most of our expenses do not vary directly with changes in trading volume. The number of transactions processed, rather than the number of contracts traded, tends to impact expenses as a result of technology expenses required to process additional transactions. A trade executed on our exchange represents one transaction, regardless of the number of contracts included in that trade. Therefore, total contract trading volume is greater than the number of transactions processed.
Revenues
Our net revenues have grown from $197.2 million in 1998 to $453.2 million in 2002. During the first nine months of 2003, our net revenues were $403.4 million, a 20.9% increase over the first nine months of 2002.
Our clearing and transaction fees revenues are tied directly to volume and underlying market uncertainty. We attempt to mitigate the downside of unpredictable volume swings through various means, such as increasing
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clearing fees, creating volume incentives, opening access to new markets and further diversifying the range of products and services we offer. The annual growth in daily trading volume from 1998, when average daily volume was 899,281 contracts, to 2002 is summarized as follows:
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
|||||||||
(in round turn trades) | ||||||||||||
Average Daily Volume |
793,425 | 917,120 | 1,640,288 | 2,216,063 | ||||||||
Increase (Decrease) from Previous Year |
(105,856 | ) | 123,695 | 723,168 | 575,775 | |||||||
Percentage Increase (Decrease) from Previous Year |
(11.8 | )% | 15.6 | % | 78.9 | % | 35.1 | % |
Total trading volume in our interest rate products increased 12.8% in 2002 over 2001. Total trading volume in our equity products rose 103.9% in 2002 over 2001. During 2002, total trading volume in our foreign exchange products increased 8.3% over levels in 2001. Our commodity products total trading volume declined 10.9% in 2002 as compared to 2001. In general, volume increased as a result of economic and geopolitical factors, enhancements to our product and service offerings and expansion of our electronic and other trade execution choices. Global and national economic and political uncertainty generally results in increased trading activity, as our customers seek to hedge, manage or speculate on the risks associated with fluctuations in interest rates, equities, foreign exchange and commodities. In recent periods, our trading volume has been positively affected by the increased volatility in the markets for equity and fixed-income securities. Products and services offered also have a significant effect on volume. We built on earlier successes in our standard S&P 500 and NASDAQ-100 stock index contracts by introducing E-mini versions of the S&P 500 contract in 1997 and the NASDAQ-100 contract in 1999. E-mini contracts are one-fifth the size of the standard contract. These E-mini contracts are traded only through GLOBEX, our electronic trading platform. In addition, since 1998, we significantly upgraded our GLOBEX electronic trading platform, and, beginning in November 2000, we modified GLOBEX policies to give more users direct access to our markets. A comparison of our average daily trading volume by venue and the related percentage of clearing and transaction fees associated with each venue are illustrated in the table below:
Average Daily Volume |
Approximate Percentage of Clearing and Transaction Fees Revenue |
|||||||||||
Method of Trade: | 1998 |
2002 |
Increase |
1998 |
2002 |
|||||||
(in round turn trades) | ||||||||||||
Open Outcry |
830,687 | 1,398,698 | 568,011 | 70 | % | 50 | % | |||||
GLOBEX |
38,668 | 785,615 | 746,947 | 9 | 42 | |||||||
Privately Negotiated |
29,926 | 31,750 | 1,824 | 21 | 8 | |||||||
Total |
899,281 | 2,216,063 | 1,316,782 | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, the percentage of our clearing and transaction fees revenue derived from open outcry trading was approximately 45%, while GLOBEX and privately negotiated transactions represented approximately 45% and 10%, respectively.
While the increase in clearing and transaction fees generally has resulted from increased trading volume, the largest factors contributing to the increase in clearing and transaction fees from 1999 to 2000 were the rate increases and new transaction fees implemented in the fourth quarter of 2000, after our demutualization. Additional revenue was also generated in 2000 by the 15.1% increase in total trading volume and an increase in the percentage of trades executed through GLOBEX. Partially offsetting these increases was a decrease in the percentage of trades attributable to non-member customers, who are charged higher fees than members, and a decrease in the percentage of total volume attributable to our standard equity products, from which we earn higher clearing fees than other contracts. By contrast, the increase in clearing and transaction fees from 2000 to 2001 resulted primarily from the increase in trading volume and was augmented by the rate increases and new transaction fees implemented in the fourth quarter of 2000 and first quarter of 2001. Our revenues from clearing
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and transaction fees would have been higher in 2001 if the percentage of trading volume attributable to interest rate products, which are charged lower clearing fees than some of the other products offered through our exchange, had not increased compared to such other products. However, management believes the volume achieved, in part as a result of this pricing structure, enhances the liquidity of these products. The increase in trading volume was the primary reason for the increase in revenues from clearing and transaction fees in 2002 when compared to 2001. Partially offsetting this 2002 volume increase was the impact of certain volume discounts, fee limits and a decrease in the percentage of trades executed by non-member customers.
Our clearing and transaction fees revenues, stated as an average rate per contract, are illustrated in the table below:
Year Ended December 31, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2002 |
2003 | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except rate per contract) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Clearing and Transaction Revenues |
$ | 126,524 | $ | 140,305 | $ | 156,649 | $ | 292,459 | $ | 356,396 | $ | 261,414 | $ | 326,053 | |||||||
Total Contracts Traded |
226,619 | 200,737 | 231,110 | 411,712 | 558,448 | 413,790 | 482,260 | ||||||||||||||
Average Rate per Contract |
$ | 0.558 | $ | 0.699 | $ | 0.678 | $ | 0.710 | $ | 0.638 | $ | 0.632 | $ | 0.676 |
While the average rate per contract has increased from 1998 to 2002, it has fluctuated from $0.558 in 1998 to a peak of $0.710 in 2001. This overall increase is attributable primarily to the pricing changes implemented in the fourth quarter of 2000 and first quarter of 2001, after our demutualization, as well as growth in the percentage of trades executed through GLOBEX. The average rate per contract in 1998 was the lowest of any year during the five-year period reflected in the table above as a result of fee reductions and rebates. Despite the pricing changes in the fourth quarter of 2000, there was a decrease in the average rate per contract in 2000 that resulted primarily from an increase in the percentage of total volume from Eurodollar products, as these products have a lower average rate per contract, and a decline in the percentage of trades for non-member customers. The decline in the average rate per contract from 2001 to 2002 resulted primarily from volume discounts on certain products, limits on some fees associated with trading through the GLOBEX platform and a decrease in the percentage of trades attributed to non-members. We believe our lower fee structure for members has resulted in the acquisition of the trading rights associated with our Class B shares by parties intending to trade significant volumes on our exchange, creating an increase in member volume and a decrease in non-member volume. In addition, in 2002, our clearing and transaction revenue was reduced by $4.8 million as a result of payments to clearing firms relating to our fee adjustment policy and clearing firm account management errors. The increase in the average rate per contract from the first nine months of 2002 to the first nine months of 2003 resulted primarily from an increase in the percentage of trades executed through GLOBEX and a shift in volume to more equity products from interest rate products. Additional fees are charged for trades executed electronically and the average rate per contract is higher for equity products than for interest rate products.
Our volume discounts for Eurodollar contracts changed effective March 1, 2003. The discount for Eurodollar contracts is $0.04 per contract for daily trading volume in excess of 10,000 contracts. Volume for futures and options on futures is calculated separately for purposes of applying this discount. Prior to March 1, 2003, the discount was $0.05 per contract for trading volume in excess of 7,500 contracts per day, with the discount increasing to $0.07 per contract for trading volume in excess of 15,000 contracts per day. Volume on futures and options on futures was combined for purposes of calculating this discount. Also, effective March 1, 2003, we implemented an incentive plan to promote liquidity in the back months of our Eurodollar complex by offering incentives for high volume traders. The total expense under this incentive plan will not exceed $4.0 million for the ten-month period ending December 31, 2003.
Effective September 2, 2003, we reduced GLOBEX electronic trading customer fees that are associated with calendar spread rolls in our E-mini stock index contracts for customer accounts from $0.50 to $0.10 per contract. As a result, the overall customer rate for these roll trades, when executed as a spread, was reduced from
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$1.14 to $0.74 per contract. A roll occurs when a position in an expiring contract is replaced by a similar position in the new front-month contract. On that same date we also reduced GLOBEX electronic trading system fees for Eurodollar contracts and other interest rate products from $0.25 per side to $0.10 per side for our members, clearing firms and their affiliates.
Additionally, to further increase the appeal of electronic trading of our benchmark products, we will establish a market maker program for Eurodollar futures traded on GLOBEX during non-floor trading hours. The electronic Eurodollar market maker program will be open to our members, lessees and those who trade proprietary accounts at member firms. In order to participate in the market maker program, individuals or firms will be required to post sizable bids and offers in designated Eurodollar futures contracts during non-floor trading hours, or between 2:00 p.m. and 7:20 a.m. Central Time Monday through Thursday and Sunday from 5:30 p.m. until 7:20 a.m. on Monday.
Future changes in fees, volume discounts, limits on fees and member discounts, including some that may be significant, may occur periodically based on managements review of our operations and business environment.
Our second largest source of revenue is quotation data fees, which we receive from the sale of our market data. Revenues from market data products represented 10.8% of our net revenues in 2002 and 9.7% of our net revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. In general, our market data service is provided to two types of customers. Since March 2001, our non-professional service has been provided to customers who typically only require market data provided in one-minute snapshots or on a limited group of products, such as our E-mini products. The fee for this service is relatively nominal and is a flat rate per month. Subscribers to our professional service receive market data on all our products on a real-time streaming basis. Fees for the professional service are higher than the non-professional service. Professional customers pay one price for the first device, or screen, at each physical location displaying our market data and a lower price for each additional screen displaying our market data at the same location. Pricing for our market data services is based on the value of the service provided, our cost structure for the service and the price of comparable services offered by our competitors. The pricing of quotation data services was increased on March 1, 2001 as part of the pricing changes implemented in 2001. Increases or decreases in our quotation data revenue will be influenced by changes in our price structure for existing market data offerings, introduction of new market data services and changes in the number of subscribers. In addition, general economic factors will influence revenue from our market data fees. For example, the recent downsizing in the brokerage industry has contributed to a decline in the number of screens displaying our market data and adversely affected the growth in our market data revenue in 2002.
At year-end 2002, nearly 54,000 subscribers displayed our data on approximately 175,000 screens worldwide, compared to approximately 48,000 subscribers and approximately 190,000 screens at year-end 2001. With the exception of 2000, revenues from quotation data fees have grown each year for the last five years. In 2000, we began to offer a lower-priced non-professional service that increased the number of subscribers but adversely affected revenue as some of our existing customers switched to this lower-priced service. When this service was changed from real-time streaming to one-minute snapshots of market data in 2001, the number of subscribers to this service declined. Partially offsetting this decrease was the effect of some subscribers to our previous non-professional service switching to our professional service to obtain real-time streaming of market data. In addition, we began to offer a new non-professional service late in 2001 to allow subscribers to obtain market data limited to our E-mini products. At December 31, 2002, there were approximately 16,000 subscribers to this E-mini market data service. The combined effect of these changes was a net decline in the total number of non-professional subscribers from nearly 25,000 at December 31, 2000 to approximately 21,000 at year-end 2002. In addition, one of the major resellers of our quotes declared bankruptcy in February 2001. This reduced our revenue from quotation data fees by $1.4 million in 2000 and $0.5 million in 2001.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, the two largest resellers of our market data represented approximately 50% of our quotation data fees revenue. Should one of these vendors no longer subscribe to our market data, we believe the majority of that firms customers would likely subscribe to our market data through another reseller. Therefore, we do not believe we are exposed to significant risk from the loss of revenue received from any particular market data reseller.
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Prices for our professional market data offering increased effective April 1, 2003. These customers are charged $50 per month for the first screen at each location and $20 per month for each additional screen at the same location. Prior to April 1, 2003, customers were charged $60 per month for the first screen and $12 per month for each additional screen at the same location. Effective January 1, 2004, we will modify our market data pricing to a flat fee structure. Users of the professional service will be charged $30 per month for each market data screen or device. There will no longer be a different charge for the first screen at each location. In addition, we will begin working with our largest market data users to sell exchange data directly and on a discounted basis to those customers through enterprise licensing arrangements.
GLOBEX access fees are the connectivity charges to customers of our electronic trading platform. The fee each customer is charged varies depending on the type of connection provided. There is a corresponding communication expense associated with providing these connections that varies based on the type of connection selected by the customer. Increases or decreases in revenue from GLOBEX access fees are influenced by changes in the price structure for our existing GLOBEX access choices, the introduction of new access choices and our ability to attract new users to our electronic trading platform. In addition, GLOBEX access fees are affected by some of the same factors that influence the general level of activity in electronic trading, including the products offered, quality of execution services and general economic conditions affecting our markets.
In July 2003, we announced an expanded telecommunications alternative, Client DIRECTLink, for users of GLOBEX, our CLEARING 21 system and market data. This program allows participants to coordinate intercompany connectivity to us through existing connections to major telecommunications vendors, giving them the option to order connections to us with greater capacity than the existing T-1 line offered through us. Through this program, customers will now manage their own equipment and network. We will charge $200 a month per 0.5 megabyte bandwidth, and the telecommunications company selected will charge an access fee that varies by customer. In addition, we announced an expanded Internet connectivity solution, Client INTERNETLink. This program allows participants to connect through the Internet at high-bandwidth capabilities. CME will charge $500 a month per 0.5 megabyte bandwidth and the Internet service provider will charge an access fee that varies by customer. To the extent that existing customers switch to one of these alternatives, we will experience a decrease in GLOBEX access fees as well as in communications expense.
Communication fees consist of charges to members and firms that utilize our various telecommunications networks and communications services. Revenue from communication fees is dependent on open outcry trading, as a significant portion relates to telecommunications on the trading floor. There is a corresponding variable expense associated with providing these services.
Investment income represents interest income and net realized gains and losses from our marketable securities, from the trading securities in our non-qualified deferred compensation plans, and from income generated by the short-term investment of clearing firms cash performance bonds and security deposits. Investment income is influenced by our operating results, market interest rates and changes in the levels of cash performance bonds deposited by clearing firms. The total cash performance bonds deposited by clearing firms is a function of the type of collateral used to meet performance bond requirements, the number of open positions held by clearing firms and volatility in our markets. As a result, the amount of cash deposited by clearing firms is subject to significant fluctuation. For example, cash performance bonds and security deposits totaled $156.0 million at December 31, 2000, compared to $1.8 billion and $2.0 billion at December 31, 2002 and September 30, 2003, respectively. In addition, clearing firms may choose to deposit cash in a foreign currency. Our ability to generate investment income from clearing firms cash performance bonds and security deposits is impacted by the currency received and the interest rates prevailing in the country for that particular currency. The investment results of our non-qualified deferred compensation plans that are included in investment income do not affect net income, as there is an equal and offsetting impact to our compensation and benefits expense. In addition, beginning with the reporting period ending September 30, 2003, our investment income includes the earnings of our first IEFs as a result of the consolidation of these entities as required by Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Interpretation (FIN) No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest EntitiesAn
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Interpretation of Accounting Research Bulletin (ARB) No. 51. This consolidation has no effect on our net income as the increase in investment income is offset by similar increases in our expenses to reflect fees paid for managing these IEFs and the distribution of the net earnings to the participants.
In the third quarter of 2002, we changed our investment policy and converted our marketable securities to short-term investments. Therefore, from the fourth quarter of 2002 through the second quarter of 2003, all investments were short-term in nature, and consisted of institutional money market funds and U.S. Government agency securities that matured within seven days of purchase. In the third quarter of 2003, we implemented a new investment policy whereby we have expanded our investment choices and extended the maturity of our investments. Investment choices will now include primarily U.S. Treasury and Government agency securities and other securities escrowed by U.S. Treasury securities. Maturities may be extended to a maximum of 60 months and we plan to hold these investments to maturity.
Beginning late in the second quarter of 2001, we entered into securities lending transactions utilizing a portion of the securities that clearing firms deposited to satisfy their proprietary performance bond requirements. Securities lending interest income is presented separately in the consolidated statements of income. Substantial interest expense is incurred as part of this securities lending activity and is presented as a deduction from total revenues to arrive at net revenues.
Other revenue is composed of fees for trade order routing and various services to members, as well as fees for administering our Interest Earning Facility program, or IEF, which consists of money market funds managed by third party investment managers. We offer clearing firms the opportunity to invest cash performance bonds in our IEF. These clearing firms receive interest income, and we receive a fee based on total funds on deposit. In 2001, we implemented an addition to our IEF program, called IEF2, which allows clearing firms to invest directly in public money market mutual funds through a special facility provided by us. Other revenue also includes trading revenue generated by GFX, our wholly owned subsidiary that trades in foreign exchange and Eurodollar futures contracts to enhance liquidity in our markets for these products, fines assessed to members for violations of exchange rules and revenue from the sale of our SPAN software. In 2001, we entered into a joint venture, OneChicago, to trade single stock futures and futures on narrow-based stock indexes. We currently have a 40% ownership interest in the joint venture. Our share of the net loss from this joint venture is included in other revenue as well as revenue we receive for providing certain regulatory, clearing and technology services to OneChicago.
A substantial portion of our clearing and transaction fees, telecommunications fees and various service charges included in other revenue are billed to the clearing firms of the exchange. The majority of clearing and transaction fees received from clearing firms represent charges for trades executed on behalf of the customers of the various clearing firms. At September 30, 2003, there were approximately 70 clearing firms. Should a clearing firm withdraw from the exchange, we believe the customer portion of that firms trading activity would likely transfer to another clearing firm of the exchange. Therefore, we do not believe we are exposed to significant risk from the loss of revenue received from any particular clearing firm.
Expenses
Our expenses have grown from $183.0 million in 1998 to $298.9 million in 2002. The increase in total annual expenses since 1998 is illustrated in the table below:
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||||||
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
|||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Total Expenses |
$ | 203,958 | $ | 241,814 | $ | 261,387 | $ | 298,948 | ||||||||
Total Increase from Previous Year |
20,986 | 37,856 | 19,573 | 37,561 | ||||||||||||
Percentage Increase from Previous Year |
11.5 | % | 18.6 | % | 8.1 | % | 14.4 | % |
Expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 totaled $247.4 million, a 7.6% increase from the same time period in 2002.
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Compensation and benefits expense is our most significant expense and includes employee wages, stock-based compensation, bonuses, related benefits and employer taxes. Changes in this expense are driven by increases in wages as a result of inflation or labor market conditions, the number of employees, rates for employer taxes and price increases affecting benefit plans. This expense, including stock-based compensation, accounted for $118.7 million, or 39.7% of total expenses, for 2002 and $107.9 million, or 43.6% of total expenses, for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. Annual bonus payments also vary from year to year and have a significant impact on total compensation and benefits expense. This expense has increased each year for the years 1998 to 2001 and remained relatively constant from 2001 to 2002. The number of employees increased from 940 at December 31, 1998 to 1,207 at September 30, 2003.
In April 2003, our shareholders approved our annual incentive plan, which will result in our bonus compensation expense varying based on our financial performance. Under the performance criteria established for 2003, if we achieve the cash earnings target established by our board of directors, the bonus pool funded under the plan will be $17.5 million, which is equal to the bonus pool paid to employees under our discretionary bonus program for 2002. We refer to this $17.5 million incentive bonus pool as the target incentive pool. Under the plan, if our actual cash earnings equal 80% of the target for 2003, the bonus pool will be $9 million, or approximately half of the target incentive pool. There will be no bonus pool if our cash earnings are less than 80% of the target (other than for non-exempt employees who may receive a bonus under our discretionary bonus program). If our actual cash earnings equal 120% of the target or higher, the bonus pool will be $27.3 million, which is the maximum amount that may be funded under the plan. If our performance is somewhere between the threshold performance level of 80% of the cash earnings target and the maximum performance level of 120% of the cash earnings target, the incentive pool funding will be calculated based on the level of performance achieved. Our board of directors may make adjustments to the target level of performance for material, unplanned revenue, expense or capital expenditures on intermediate to long-term growth opportunities.
Stock-based compensation is a non-cash expense related to stock options and restricted stock grants. The most significant portion of this expense relates to our CEOs stock option, granted in February 2000 for 5% of all classes of our common stock outstanding at the date of demutualization. For accounting purposes, the option was treated as a stock appreciation right prior to our demutualization. At year-end 2002, we adopted the fair value recognition provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, as amended by SFAS No. 148. As a result, all prior periods presented have been restated to reflect stock-based compensation expense that would have been recognized had the provisions of SFAS No. 123 been applied to all options granted to employees during those periods. Stock-based compensation expense totaled $8.2 million in 2000, $6.2 million in 2001, $3.8 million in 2002 and $2.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2003 and did not occur prior to 2000. The expense related to our CEOs option was $8.2 million, $3.5 million and $1.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively, and $0.6 million for the first nine months of 2003. Beginning in the second quarter of 2001, restricted stock grants and options were awarded to certain employees. The portion of stock-based compensation expense related to these awards was $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2001 and $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2002.
As announced on August 18, 2003, our CEO will step down when his contract expires on December 31, 2003. Due to the vesting provisions of our CEOs stock option, the remaining 20% of the shares subject to the option that is currently unvested will not vest. As a result, stock-based compensation expense will be reduced by $2.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2003, and no further expense will be incurred for this option.
Occupancy expense consists primarily of rent, maintenance and utilities for our offices, trading facilities and remote data center. Our office space is primarily in Chicago, and we have smaller offices in Washington, D.C., London and Tokyo. Occupancy costs are relatively stable, although our trading floor rent fluctuates to a limited extent based on open outcry trading volume. In 2002, our occupancy costs increased primarily as a result of the addition of the remote data center. In 2002, we also signed an extension of our Chicago office lease. As a result, this office lease now expires in November 2008.
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Professional fees, outside services and licenses expense consists primarily of consulting services provided for major technology initiatives, license fees paid as a result of trading volume in stock index products and legal and accounting fees. This expense fluctuates primarily as a result of changes in requirements for consultants to complete technology initiatives, stock index product trading volume changes that impact license fees and other undertakings that require the use of professional services.
Communications and computer and software maintenance expense consists primarily of costs for network connections with our GLOBEX customers; maintenance of the hardware and software required to support our technology; telecommunications costs of our exchange; and fees paid for access to market data. This expense is affected primarily by the growth of electronic trading. Our computer and software maintenance costs are driven by the number of transactions processed, not the volume of contracts traded. We processed nearly 80% of total transactions electronically in the first nine months of 2003 compared to approximately 75% in the first nine months of 2002, which represented 43.2% and 31.8%, respectively, of total contracts traded.
Depreciation and amortization expense results from the depreciation of fixed assets purchased and acquired under capitalized leases, as well as amortization of purchased and internally developed software. This expense increased as a result of significant technology investments in equipment and software that began in late 1998 and has led to additional depreciation and amortization in the following years.
Effective January 1, 2004, we will decrease the depreciable life for new technology equipment purchases to three years and for new personal computer purchases to two years. Currently, the depreciable lives of these assets are four years and three years, respectively.
Marketing, advertising and public relations expense consists primarily of media, print and other advertising expenses, as well as expenses incurred to introduce new products and promote our existing products and services. Also included are seminar, conference and convention expenses for attending trade shows. Expenses of this nature have decreased from $9.6 million in 1998 to $6.5 million in 2002. During this time period, the emphasis of our promotion efforts shifted from print advertising and brochures to direct contact with our primary customers and Internet availability of our promotional materials. We also discontinued certain incentive programs. In 1999, additional expenses were incurred to promote the introduction of our E-mini stock index products and the introduction of daytime electronic trading in our Eurodollar contracts on a limited basis. These products were introduced to increase our trading volume as well as to respond to increased competition. We expect marketing, advertising and public relations expense to increase in the near term to enhance brand awareness. Specifically, in the first quarter of 2003, we initiated a brand advertising campaign. We incurred $5.8 million of this additional expense in the first nine months of 2003 and do not anticipate material expenditures relating to this campaign in the fourth quarter of 2003.
Other expense consists primarily of travel, staff training, fees incurred in providing product delivery services to customers, stipends for our board of directors, interest for equipment purchased under capital leases, meals and entertainment, fees for our credit facility, supplies, postage and various state and local taxes. Other expense fluctuates, in part, due to changes in demand for our product delivery services and decisions regarding the manner in which to purchase capital equipment. Certain expenses, such as those for travel and entertainment, are more discretionary in nature and can fluctuate from year to year as a result of management decisions. In 2003, we have experienced an increase in certain insurance expenses included primarily in other expense. This is the result of increased provisions and rates for certain coverage, including directors and officers liability insurance. In addition, beginning with the reporting period ending September 30, 2003, other expense includes the distribution of the net earnings of our first IEFs as a result of the consolidation of these entities as required by FIN No. 46. Our investment income has also increased to reflect the earnings of these IEFs and, therefore, this consolidation has no effect on our net income.
Net Income
Net income for 1998 was $7.0 million, declined in the next two years to a loss of $10.5 million in 2000 and rebounded to net income of $75.1 million in 2001 and $94.1 million in 2002. Net income was $92.5 million for
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the nine months ended September 30, 2003. The decline from 1998 through 2000 resulted from a variety of factors. Trading volume declined from 1998 to 1999, but the percentage of trades executed through GLOBEX continued to increase. A significant portion of the expense increase in 1999 was for depreciation and amortization that resulted from capital expenditures related to our technology. The net loss in 2000 resulted primarily from our management restructuring, the expense associated with the stock option granted to our CEO, demutualization and the write-off of certain internally developed software that could not be used as intended. Increased volume combined with the change in our pricing structure following our demutualization drove the change in operating results from 2000 to 2002.
Net income from 1998 through 2000 was adversely affected by the limited partners interest in the earnings of PMT. Prior to our demutualization, PMT owned all rights to electronic trading of our products, received the revenue generated from electronic trading and was charged for our services to support electronic trading. The limited partners were entitled to a portion of the income of PMT, which totaled $2.8 million in 1998, $2.1 million in 1999 and $1.2 million in 2000. We purchased PMTs net assets as part of our demutualization.
Our initial public offering was completed in December 2002 and resulted in the issuance of an additional 3.7 million shares of Class A common stock. As a result, our earnings per share in 2003 has been adversely impacted by the increase in the number of shares outstanding.
Restatement
At year-end 2002, we adopted the fair value expense recognition provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, as amended by SFAS No. 148, and we elected the retroactive restatement method of adoption. As a result, we have restated our consolidated financial statements for the years 2000 and 2001 and our quarterly results for 2002 through the nine months ended September 30, 2002 to reflect the fair value expense of all employee stock options, rather than the intrinsic value method that had previously been utilized under Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees.
Critical Accounting Policies
The notes to our consolidated financial statements include disclosure of our significant accounting policies. In establishing these policies within the framework of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, management must make certain assessments, estimates and choices that will result in the application of these principles in a manner that appropriately reflects our financial condition and results of operations. Critical accounting policies are those policies that we believe present the most complex or subjective measurements and have the most potential to impact our financial position and operating results. While all decisions regarding accounting policies are important, we believe there are two accounting policies that could be considered critical. These two critical policies, which are presented in detail in the notes to our consolidated financial statements, relate to stock-based compensation and clearing and transaction fees.
The accounting for stock-based compensation is complex, and under certain circumstances, accounting principles generally accepted in the United States allow for alternative methods. As permitted, through September 30, 2002, we elected to account for stock-based compensation using the intrinsic value method in accordance with APB Opinion No. 25 rather than the alternative fair value method prescribed in SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. As a result, variable accounting was required for the options granted to our CEO as a result of certain provisions of the option agreement. Through September 30, 2002, the expense related to this option fluctuated based on the change in the value of our Class A shares and the underlying trading rights on our exchange associated with our Class B common stock. At year-end 2002, we adopted the fair value method for expensing stock options under the provisions of SFAS No. 123, as amended, and elected the retroactive restatement method of adoption. All prior periods presented have been restated to reflect stock-based compensation expense that would have been recognized had the provisions of SFAS No. 123 been applied to all stock options granted to employees, including the option granted to our CEO, during the
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periods presented. As a result of this retroactive restatement, our previously reported net loss for 2000 increased from $5.9 million to a restated loss of $10.5 million, and our previously reported net income for 2001 increased from $68.3 million to a restated net income of $75.1 million. For 2002, stock-based compensation expense using the fair value method totaled $3.8 million. If the provisions of SFAS No. 123 had not been adopted at year-end 2002, stock-based compensation expense for the year 2002 would have totaled $36.9 million, resulting in a reduction in net income of $20.2 million from the net income reflected in our consolidated financial statements. We have elected the accelerated method for recognizing the expense related to stock options. As a result of this election and the vesting provisions of our stock grants, a greater percentage of the total expense for all options is recognized in the first year of the vesting period than would be recorded if we used the straight-line method.
Clearing and transaction fees are recorded as revenue and collected from clearing firms on a monthly basis. Several factors affect the fees charged for a trade, including whether the individual making the trade has trading privileges on our exchange. In the event inaccurate information provided by the clearing firm has resulted in an incorrect fee, the clearing firm has a period of three months following the month in which the trade occurred to submit the correction and have the fee adjusted. When preparing financial statements for a reporting period, an estimate is made of anticipated fee adjustments applicable to the three months prior to the end of the reporting period. This estimate is recorded as a liability with a corresponding reduction to clearing and transaction fees revenue and is based on historical trends for such adjustments. Our estimate of anticipated fee adjustments at year-end 2002 was $3.1 million.
Key Statistical Information
The following table presents key information on volume of contracts traded, expressed in round turn trades, as well as information on open interest and notional value of contracts traded.
Year Ended December 31, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2002 |
2003 | ||||||||
Average Daily Volume Product Areas: |
||||||||||||||
Interest Rate |
574,829 | 475,023 | 550,810 | 1,091,846 | 1,226,343 | 1,293,202 | 1,257,477 | |||||||
Equity |
174,840 | 189,984 | 258,120 | 425,149 | 863,271 | 779,958 | 1,138,941 | |||||||
Foreign Exchange |
113,948 | 94,747 | 76,615 | 89,290 | 96,289 | 97,351 | 133,090 | |||||||
Commodity |
35,664 | 33,671 | 31,575 | 34,003 | 30,160 | 30,502 | 35,706 | |||||||
Total Average Daily Volume |
899,281 | 793,425 | 917,120 | 1,640,288 | 2,216,063 | 2,201,013 | 2,565,214 | |||||||
Method of Trade |
||||||||||||||
Open Outcry |
830,687 | 698,011 | 754,049 | 1,282,147 | 1,398,698 | 1,469,037 | 1,416,111 | |||||||
GLOBEX |
38,668 | 63,782 | 136,928 | 326,274 | 785,615 | 700,454 | 1,109,281 | |||||||
Privately Negotiated |
29,926 | 31,632 | 26,143 | 31,867 | 31,750 | 31,522 | 39,822 | |||||||
Total Average Daily Volume |
899,281 | 793,425 | 917,120 | 1,640,288 | 2,216,063 | 2,201,013 | 2,565,214 | |||||||
Largest Open Interest (contracts) |
10,174,734 | 8,799,641 | 9,324,154 | 18,900,911 | 24,804,321 | 20,268,225 | 29,883,576 | |||||||
Total Notional Value (in trillions) |
$161.7 | $138.3 | $155.0 | $293.9 | $328.6 | $257.8 | $253.2 |
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The following table sets forth key information on volume of contracts traded, measured based on the number of round turn contracts, by product area presented as a percentage of the total average daily volume for all product areas and by method of trade presented as a percentage of the total average daily volume for all methods of trade.
Year Ended December 31, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
||||||||||||||||||||
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2002 |
2003 |
|||||||||||||||
Average Daily Volume |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Product Areas: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Interest Rate |
63.9 | % | 59.9 | % | 60.1 | % | 66.6 | % | 55.3 | % | 58.8 | % | 49.0 | % | |||||||
Equity |
19.4 | 24.0 | 28.1 | 25.9 | 39.0 | 35.4 | 44.4 | ||||||||||||||
Foreign Exchange |
12.7 | 11.9 | 8.4 | 5.4 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 5.2 | ||||||||||||||
Commodity |
4.0 | 4.2 | 3.4 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | ||||||||||||||
Total Average Daily Volume |
100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||||
Method of Trade |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Open Outcry |
92.4 | % | 88.0 | % | 82.2 | % | 78.2 | % | 63.1 | % | 66.8 | % | 55.2 | % | |||||||
GLOBEX |
4.3 | 8.0 | 14.9 | 19.9 | 35.5 | 31.8 | 43.2 | ||||||||||||||
Privately Negotiated |
3.3 | 4.0 | 2.9 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.6 | ||||||||||||||
Total Average Daily Volume |
100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % |
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Results of Operations
The following tables set forth our consolidated statements of income for the periods presented both in dollar amounts and as a percentage of net revenues:
Year Ended December 31, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|||||||||||||||||||
2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||||||||||||||
(restated)(1) |
(restated)(1) |
(restated)(1) |
||||||||||||||||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Clearing and transaction fees |
$ | 156,649 | $ | 292,459 | $ | 356,396 | $ | 261,414 | $ | 326,053 | ||||||||||
Quotation data fees |
36,285 | 48,250 | 48,717 | 36,507 | 38,980 | |||||||||||||||
GLOBEX access fees |
3,971 | 11,987 | 12,945 | 9,770 | 11,566 | |||||||||||||||
Communication fees |
9,391 | 9,330 | 9,733 | 7,364 | 7,243 | |||||||||||||||
Investment income |
9,736 | 8,956 | 7,740 | 6,098 | 5,661 | |||||||||||||||
Securities lending interest income |
| 10,744 | 18,169 | 14,702 | 7,327 | |||||||||||||||
Other |
10,520 | 14,904 | 15,379 | 10,943 | 13,326 | |||||||||||||||
Total revenues |
226,552 | 396,630 | 469,079 | 346,798 | 410,156 | |||||||||||||||
Securities lending interest expense |
| (9,477 | ) | (15,902 | ) | (13,009 | ) | (6,739 | ) | |||||||||||
Net revenues |
226,552 | 387,153 | 453,177 | 333,789 | 403,417 | |||||||||||||||
Expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits |
102,278 | 111,465 | 118,710 | 88,433 | 107,878 | |||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
19,629 | 20,420 | 22,400 | 16,970 | 18,996 | |||||||||||||||
Professional fees, outside services and licenses |
23,131 | 27,289 | 32,549 | 24,747 | 22,789 | |||||||||||||||
Communications and computer and software maintenance |
41,920 | 43,598 | 46,569 | 33,816 | 33,986 | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
33,489 | 37,639 | 48,509 | 35,504 | 39,863 | |||||||||||||||
Patent litigation settlement |
| | 6,240 | 13,695 | | |||||||||||||||
Marketing, advertising and public relations |
5,219 | 6,326 | 6,514 | 4,398 | 8,963 | |||||||||||||||
Other |
16,148 | 14,650 | 17,457 | 12,441 | 14,937 | |||||||||||||||
Total expenses |
241,814 | 261,387 | 298,948 | 230,004 | 247,412 | |||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before limited partners interest in PMT and income taxes |
(15,262 | ) | 125,766 | 154,229 | 103,785 | 156,005 | ||||||||||||||
Limited partners interest in earnings of PMT |
(1,165 | ) | | | | | ||||||||||||||
Income tax (provision) benefit |
5,931 | (50,658 | ) | (60,162 | ) | (41,237 | ) | (63,474 | ) | |||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | (10,496 | ) | $ | 75,108 | $ | 94,067 | $ | 62,548 | $ | 92,531 | |||||||||
(1) | Results of operations for 2000 and 2001 and the nine months ended September 30, 2002 have been restated to reflect the adoption of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. Prior to the restatement, net income (loss) was ($5.9) million and $68.3 million for 2000 and 2001, respectively, and $61.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002. |
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Year Ended December 31, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
||||||||||||||
2000 (restated) |
2001 (restated) |
2002 |
2002 (restated) |
2003 |
|||||||||||
(unaudited) | |||||||||||||||
(as a percentage of net revenue) | |||||||||||||||
Revenues: |
|||||||||||||||
Clearing and transaction fees |
69.1 | % | 75.5 | % | 78.6 | % | 78.3 | % | 80.8 | % | |||||
Quotation data fees |
16.0 | 12.5 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 9.7 | ||||||||||
GLOBEX access fees |
1.8 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.9 | ||||||||||
Communication fees |
4.2 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 1.8 | ||||||||||
Investment income |
4.3 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.4 | ||||||||||
Securities lending interest income |
| 2.8 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 1.8 | ||||||||||
Other |
4.6 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.3 | ||||||||||
Total revenues |
100.0 | 102.4 | 103.5 | 103.9 | 101.7 | ||||||||||
Securities lending interest expense |
| (2.4 | ) | (3.5 | ) | (3.9 | ) | (1.7 | ) | ||||||
Net revenues |
100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||||||||||
Expenses: |
|||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits |
45.1 | 28.8 | 26.2 | 26.5 | 26.7 | ||||||||||
Occupancy |
8.7 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 4.7 | ||||||||||
Professional fees, outside services and licenses |
10.2 | 7.0 | 7.2 | 7.4 | 5.6 | ||||||||||
Communications and computer and software maintenance |
18.5 | 11.3 | 10.3 | 10.1 | 8.4 | ||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
14.8 | 9.7 | 10.7 | 10.6 | 9.9 | ||||||||||
Patent litigation settlement |
| | 1.4 | 4.1 | | ||||||||||
Marketing, advertising and public relations |
2.3 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 2.2 | ||||||||||
Other |
7.1 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.8 | ||||||||||
Total expenses |
106.7 | 67.5 | 66.0 | 68.9 | 61.3 | ||||||||||
Income (loss) before limited partners interest in PMT and income taxes |
(6.7 | ) | 32.5 | 34.0 | 31.1 | 38.7 | |||||||||
Limited partners interest in earnings of PMT |
(0.5 | ) | | | | | |||||||||
Income tax (provision) benefit |
2.6 | (13.1 | ) | (13.3 | ) | (12.4 | ) | (15.7 | ) | ||||||
Net income (loss) |
(4.6 | )% | 19.4 | % | 20.7 | % | 18.7 | % | 23.0 | % | |||||
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2003 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2002
Overview
Our operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 resulted in net income of $92.5 million compared to net income of $62.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002. The increase in net income resulted primarily from a 20.9% increase in net revenues that was only partially offset by a 7.6% increase in operating expenses. The increase in net revenues was driven by a 24.7% increase in revenue from clearing and transaction fees that was attributed primarily to a 16.5% increase in total trading volume during the first nine months of 2003 when compared to the first nine months of 2002. This increase in clearing and transaction fees exceeded the percentage increase in trading volume primarily as a result of the increase in trades executed through our GLOBEX electronic trading platform. The increased GLOBEX trading resulted in a higher average rate per contract, and a shift in the mix of products traded. Contributing to the increase in expenses was increased compensation and benefits expense of $19.4 million and $5.8 million of expenses related to our brand advertising campaign that occurred primarily in the first quarter of 2003. Also impacting the comparison was the one-time expense of $13.7 million relating to the settlement of the Wagner patent litigation in August 2002. There was no similar expense in 2003.
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Trading volume for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 totaled 482.3 million contracts, representing average daily trading volume of 2.6 million contracts. This was a 16.5% increase over the 413.8 million contracts traded during the same period in 2002, representing average daily trading volume of 2.2 million contracts. Many volume trading records were established in the first nine months of 2003. Daily volume for the month of June 2003 averaged 3.0 million contracts per day, the highest in CME history. The average daily volume in September 2003 averaged 2.8 million contracts per day, the second highest in CME history. In addition, on March 17, 2003, 1.7 million contracts were traded on GLOBEX, the highest GLOBEX volume day on record, excluding TRAKRS (Total Return Asset Contracts) volume.
Revenues
Total revenues increased $63.4 million, or 18.3%, from $346.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 to $410.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. Net revenues increased $69.6 million, or 20.9%, from the first nine months of 2002 when compared to the same period in 2003. The increase in net revenues was attributable primarily to the 16.5% increase in average daily trading volume for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2002. In the first nine months of 2003, electronic trading volume represented 43.2% of total trading volume, or 1.1 million contracts per day, a 58.4% increase over the same period in 2002. Increased trading volume levels resulted primarily from: GLOBEX system enhancements improving speed, reliability and distribution; continued volatility in currencies and U.S. stocks early in 2003; recent interest rate volatility and the reduction in the Fed funds rate in June 2003 that resulted in increased volume in our interest rate products; geopolitical and economic uncertainty; increased customer demand for the liquidity provided by our markets; and product offerings that allowed customers to manage their risks. The additional clearing and transaction fees resulting from the increase in trading volume were augmented by increased revenue generated from our market data offerings, GLOBEX access fees, our fees for managing the IEF program and trading revenue from GFX, our wholly owned subsidiary that utilizes GLOBEX to trade in foreign exchange and Eurodollar futures contracts. Partially offsetting these increases in revenue were a decline in securities lending interest income, net of related interest expense; losses incurred on the trade-in of certain technology equipment; and a decline in investment income.
Clearing and Transaction Fees. Clearing and transaction fees, which include clearing fees, GLOBEX electronic trading fees and other volume-related charges increased $64.7 million, or 24.7%, from $261.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 to $326.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. A significant portion of the increase was attributable to the 16.5% increase in average daily trading volume. In addition to the increase in trading volume, there was a substantial increase in the percentage of trading volume executed through GLOBEX. In the first nine months of 2003, GLOBEX volume represented 43.2% of total trading volume compared to 31.8% during the same period in 2002. Also, the product mix shifted to more equity product volume. For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, equity products represented 44.4% of trading volume, compared to 35.4% during the same period of 2002. By contrast, for the nine months ended September 30, 2003, interest rates represented 49.0% of our volume, compared to 58.8% during the same period in 2002. Fees for interest rate products are lower than fees for equity products. In the normal course of business, we audit our clearing firms for compliance with our fee policies and assessments are issued for any deficiencies noted. Clearing and transaction fees revenue increased in the first nine months of 2003 as the result of clearing firm assessments for clearing and transaction fees resulting from these audits and included two assessments totaling $3.6 million. In addition, clearing and transaction fees for the first nine months of 2002 were reduced by $5.0 million as a result of a reserve established in June 2002 for a one-time payment to clearing firms relating to our fee adjustment policy and clearing firm account management errors. There was no similar reserve in the first nine months of 2003.
The average rate, or revenue, per contract increased from $0.632 for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 to $0.676 for the same period in 2003. The increase was primarily the result of the increase in percentage of trades executed through GLOBEX, which has a higher average rate per contract, and a product mix shift away from interest rate products. In addition, the tiered pricing for Eurodollar products was changed effective March 1,
44
2003. The thresholds for obtaining the tiered pricing discounts were increased, and the amount of the discount decreased. As a result, the average rate per contract during the first nine months of 2003 reflects a reduction of approximately $0.016 for the effect of tiered pricing compared to a $0.038 reduction in the first nine months of 2002. In addition, the clearing firm assessments for clearing and transaction fees of $3.6 million added approximately $0.007 to our average rate per contract for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. With respect to the first nine months of 2002, the average rate per contract was reduced by approximately $0.012 as a result of the $5.0 million reserve established in June 2002 to allow clearing firms to submit clearing fee adjustments for prior periods. Partially offsetting these factors that resulted in an increase in the average rate per contract in the first nine months of 2003 was the March 1, 2003 implementation of an incentive program to stimulate volume in the back months of the Eurodollar futures contract, or those contract months that trade three to 10 years into the future. This program reduced our average rate per contract approximately $0.005, or $2.4 million in total revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. Finally, in July 2002, we began trading a new contract, Long-Short Technology TRAKRS that was followed by the Select 50 TRAKRS, LMC TRAKRS, Commodity TRAKRS and Euro Currency TRAKRS through September 30, 2003. Similar to limits on certain GLOBEX fees, transaction fees for this contract are limited based on the size of the order. The average rate per contract on these trades is approximately $0.006. As a result, TRAKRS volume has an adverse impact on our overall rate per contract. If volume and fees for TRAKRS were excluded for the first nine months of 2003 and 2002, our average rate per contract would have increased by approximately $0.016 to $0.692 and $0.003 to $0.635, respectively.
The following table shows the average daily trading volume expressed in round turn contracts in our four product areas, the portion that was traded electronically through the GLOBEX platform, and clearing and transaction fee revenues expressed in total dollars and as an average rate per contract:
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|||||||||||
Product Area |
2003 |
2002 |
Percentage Increase/ (Decrease) |
||||||||
Interest Rate |
1,257,477 | 1,293,202 | (2.8 | )% | |||||||
Equity |
1,138,941 | 779,958 | 46.0 | ||||||||
Foreign Exchange |
133,090 | 97,351 | 36.7 | ||||||||
Commodity |
35,706 | 30,502 | 17.1 | ||||||||
Total Volume |
2,565,214 | 2,201,013 | 16.5 | ||||||||
GLOBEX Volume |
1,109,281 | 700,454 | 58.4 | ||||||||
GLOBEX Volume as a Percent of Total Volume |
43.2 | % | 31.8 | % | |||||||
Clearing and Transaction Fee Revenue (in thousands) |
$ | 326,053 | $ | 261,414 | |||||||
Average Rate per Contract |
$ | 0.676 | $ | 0.632 |
With the exception of our interest rate products, we experienced an increase in trading volume in each product area in the first nine months of 2003 when compared to the same period in 2002. With respect to interest rate products, in 2002 there was uncertainty related to interest rate levels that was not as evident in the first or third quarters of 2003. The reduction in interest rate product trading volume experienced in the first and third quarters of 2003 was partially offset by increased trading volume in the second quarter of 2003 that resulted from interest rate volatility and the 0.25% reduction in the Fed funds rate announced by the U.S. Federal Reserve Board in June 2003. Our equity product volume was influenced by improvements in distribution, speed and reliability of the GLOBEX system and the volatility in U.S. equity markets that was evident in the first three months of 2003, primarily as a result of economic conditions and geopolitical uncertainty. This volatility, combined with increased distribution to customers through GLOBEX and marketing efforts to increase awareness of our product offerings, drove the growth in volume in our equity products. The growth in foreign exchange volume is primarily due to improvements in our GLOBEX trading system and our central counterparty clearing, which makes these products increasingly attractive to large banks and investment banks. Price levels and volatility patterns that contributed to the increase in volume in our commodity products during the first quarter of 2003 continued through the second and third quarters of 2003.
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Quotation Data Fees. Quotation data fees increased $2.5 million, or 6.8%, from $36.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 to $39.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. The increase resulted primarily from the change to our fee structure that was implemented on April 1, 2003. At that time, we changed the fees for our professional service by increasing the fee for additional screens from $12 per month to $20 per month and lowering the fee for first locations from $60 per month to $50 per month. At September 30, 2003, there were approximately 59,000 subscribers to our market data and the data was accessible from approximately 175,000 screens and included approximately 29,000 subscribers to our lower-priced non-professional service. This represented a decrease of approximately 5,000 screens from September 30, 2002 when the total was approximately 180,000 screens. While the number of subscribers has increased from approximately 54,000 subscribers at September 30, 2002, the increase occurred in our lower-priced non-professional E-mini market data service. The change in the number of subscribers, screens and locations from the first nine months of 2002 to the first nine months of 2003 is consistent with the trend experienced over the course of 2002, primarily as a result of contraction within the financial services industry.
GLOBEX Access Fees. GLOBEX access fees increased $1.8 million, or 18.4%, from $9.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 to $11.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. This increase resulted primarily from an increase in the number of GLOBEX users, particularly those accessing GLOBEX through a T-1 connection.
Communication Fees. Communication fees were relatively constant at $7.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 and $7.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. The number of individuals and firms utilizing our communications services and the associated rates has not changed significantly from the first nine months of 2002 to the first nine months of 2003.
Investment Income. Investment income decreased $0.4 million, or 7.2%, from $6.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 to $5.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. The decrease resulted primarily from a change in investment policy in the third quarter of 2002 which converted our marketable securities to short-term investments, resulting in realized gains from the sale of these marketable securities of $2.7 million. As a result, for most of the first nine months of 2003, investments were short-term in nature and consisted of money market mutual funds. The average rate earned on all investments declined from approximately 2.17% in the first nine months of 2002 to approximately 1.09% during the same period in 2003, representing a decrease in investment income of approximately $4.2 million. Partially offsetting these decreases in investment income was an increase of approximately $3.6 million in interest income as a result of increased balances in short-term investments of available funds and cash performance bonds and security deposits as well as the investment of the net proceeds of our initial public offering that was completed in December 2002. In addition during the first nine months of 2003, there was a $2.0 million increase in the investment results of our non-qualified deferred compensation plan that is included in investment income but does not affect our net income, as there is an equal increase in our compensation and benefits expense. Finally, in January 2003, the FASB issued FIN No. 46. As a result, the first IEFs that we initiated in 1997 have been determined to be variable interest entities and have been included in the consolidated financial statements beginning with the third quarter of 2003. While this consolidation has no effect on our net income, investment income in the third quarter of 2003 includes $0.6 million arising from this IEF program with a similar increase in our expenses to reflect fees paid for managing these IEFs and the distribution of these IEF earnings to the participants.
Securities Lending Interest Income and Expense. Securities lending interest income decreased $7.4 million, or 50.0%, from $14.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 to $7.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. The average balance of proceeds from securities lending activity was $971.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 and $783.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. Securities lending interest expense decreased $6.3 million, or 48.2%, from $13.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 to $6.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. This expense is an integral part of our securities lending program and is required to engage in securities lending transactions. Therefore, this expense is presented in the consolidated statements of income as a reduction of total revenues.
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The net revenue from securities lending represented a return of 0.23% on the average daily balance in the first nine months of 2002 compared to 0.10% in the first nine months of 2003. Beginning in 2003, we elected to make our daily offering of securities available for lending later in the business day. As a result, the number of investment choices and the related returns has decreased from 2002 to 2003.
Other Revenue. Other revenue increased $2.4 million, or 21.8%, from $10.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 to $13.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. This increase is attributed primarily to a $3.4 million increase in the revenue generated by GFX, a $0.4 million increase in fees associated with managing our IEF program and a $1.9 million increase in revenue for certain communication services provided to OneChicago, the joint venture established for the trading of single stock futures and narrow-based stock indexes. Partially offsetting these increases was a $1.9 million increase in our share of the OneChicago net loss and $0.8 million of losses incurred on certain technology equipment that was traded-in during the first nine months of 2003.
Expenses
Total operating expenses increased $17.4 million, or 7.6%, from $230.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 to $247.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. This increase was primarily attributable to increases in compensation and benefits as well as the marketing expenses associated with our brand advertising campaign and depreciation and amortization expense. Also impacting the comparison was the one-time expense of $13.7 million relating to the settlement of the Wagner patent litigation in August 2002 and legal fees incurred as a result of the litigation. There were no similar expenses in the first nine months of 2003.
Compensation and Benefits Expense. Compensation and benefits expense increased $19.5 million, or 22.0%, from $88.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 to $107.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. There were four significant components to this increase. The average number of employees increased approximately 8%, or by 89 employees, from the nine months ended September 30, 2002 to the nine months ended September 30, 2003. We had 1,207 employees at September 30, 2003. This increased headcount resulted in additional compensation and benefits, excluding bonuses, of approximately $6.6 million. Compensation and benefits increased approximately $6.0 million as a result of annual salary increases and related increases in employer taxes, pension and benefits. Additionally, bonus expense increased $6.3 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2002 to the nine months ended September 30, 2003. As a result of an annual incentive plan approved in 2003, bonus expense is now directly linked to cash earnings as defined in our annual incentive plan. Finally, the $2.0 million increase in the earnings of the deferred compensation plan resulted in increased compensation and benefits expense for the first nine months of 2003. Although there were additional stock options granted in September 2003, the majority of outstanding stock options were issued in 2000 and 2001. We have elected an accelerated method for recognizing this expense and as a result, a greater percentage of the total expense for all stock awards is recognized in the first years of the vesting period. Therefore, this expense declined from the first nine months of 2002 to the same period in 2003 as a direct result of the time that has lapsed since options were granted and the expense previously recognized in the periods immediately following the date of grant. Finally, there was a $1.2 million reduction in compensation and benefits expense from the nine months ended September 30, 2002 as a result of the reimbursement provisions of the CME/Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT®) Common Clearing Link agreement. Under the terms of this agreement that was finalized in April 2003, CME will begin to provide clearing services to CBOT in November 2003 and we will be reimbursed by CBOT up to a maximum of $2.0 million for expenses to prepare for providing this service. There was no similar reimbursement arrangement during the nine months ended September 30, 2002.
Occupancy Expense. Occupancy expense increased $2.0 million, or 11.9%, from $17.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 to $19.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. Increased operating expenses and insurance costs resulted in $1.8 million of this increase. Rent expense has also increased as a result of additional space we now lease at our main location.
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Professional Fees, Outside Services and Licenses Expense. Professional fees, outside services and licenses expense decreased $1.9 million, or 7.9%, from $24.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 to $22.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. The decrease resulted primarily from a $2.2 million decrease in legal fees. In the first nine months of 2002, $3.3 million of legal fees were recorded relating to the settlement of the Wagner patent litigation. There was no similar expense in 2003. The decline in legal fees related to the settlement of the litigation was partially offset by additional legal fees resulting from our secondary offering of stock that was completed in June 2003 and fees incurred in 2003 to secure certain intellectual property rights. Additionally, under the terms of our CME/CBOT Common Clearing Link agreement that was signed in April 2003, our professional fees expense in the first nine months of 2003 has been reduced by $0.8 million for amounts that were reimbursed by CBOT. No similar reimbursement existed during 2002. Partially offsetting these decreases was a $1.0 million increase in license fees relating to increased trading volume in our equity products.
Communications and Computer and Software Maintenance Expense. Communications and computer and software maintenance expense increased $0.2 million, or 0.5%, from $33.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 to $34.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. Expenses of this nature are affected primarily by growth in electronic trading. Our computer and software maintenance costs are driven by the number of transactions processed, not the volume of contracts traded. We processed nearly 80% of total transactions electronically in the first nine months of 2003 compared to approximately 75% in the first nine months of 2002, which represented 43.2% and 31.8%, respectively, of total contracts traded. As a result, our expenses for software, software maintenance, hardware rental and hardware maintenance increased $2.0 million during the first nine months of 2003 when compared to the same period in 2002, primarily as a result of the need to expand our capacity and improve reliability for processing transactions. In addition, communications expense increased $0.9 million from the first nine months of 2002 to the first nine months of 2003 as a result of our remote data facility, which became operational in October 2002. Partially offsetting the increase was a $1.4 million decrease in communications expense associated with our GLOBEX network from the nine months ended September 30, 2002 to the nine months ended September 30, 2003, primarily as a result of $2.5 million in refunds from our telecommunications provider for billing errors that related to previous periods. In addition, we experienced a decrease in other communications expense as a result of network consolidation and cost reduction efforts.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense. Depreciation and amortization expense increased $4.4 million, or 12.3%, from $35.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 to $39.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. Capital expenditures net of trade-ins totaled $56.3 million for all of 2002 and $38.1 million in the first nine months of 2003. Technology-related purchases represented approximately 90% of total purchases in 2002 and 80% in 2003. Equipment and software represent the greatest portion of these technology-related additions and are depreciated over a three or four year period. Therefore, these recent additions, which include the development of software for internal use, have resulted in the increased depreciation and amortization expense from the first nine months of 2002 to the first nine months of 2003.
Patent Litigation Settlement. Patent litigation settlement expense totaled $13.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002. This expense represents the August 26, 2002 settlement of the Wagner patent litigation. The settlement required a $5.0 million payment in September 2002 with five subsequent annual payments of $2.0 million each beginning in August 2003. The expense recorded in 2002 represents the present value of these payments. No similar expense occurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2003.
Marketing, Advertising and Public Relations Expense. Marketing, advertising and public relations expense increased $4.6 million from $4.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 to $9.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. In the first quarter of 2003 we incurred $5.1 million of expense associated with our brand advertising campaign. Our total brand advertising expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 was $5.8 million and we do not expect to incur additional material expenses in the fourth quarter of 2003 related to brand advertising. There was no similar expense in the first nine months of 2002.
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Partially offsetting the increased brand advertising expense during the first nine months of 2003 was a reduction in product advertising when compared to the same period in 2002.
Other Expense. Other expense increased $2.5 million, or 20.1%, from $12.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 to $14.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003. The primary factor in this increase was a $1.5 million increase in our insurance expense, which includes directors and officers and general liability coverage. In addition, as a result of the adoption of FIN No. 46 in the third quarter of 2003, other expense includes $0.5 million for distributions to participants in our IEF program. There is no effect on our net income as the earnings of these IEFs are included in our revenues and distributed to participants. We also experienced increases in fees to our Board of Directors as a result of changes in the fee structure that were effective in the fourth quarter of 2002, as well as increases in currency delivery fees and general administrative costs from the first nine months of 2002 to the first nine months of 2003.
Income Tax Provision
We recorded an income tax provision of $63.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 compared to $41.2 million for the same period in 2002. The effective tax rate was 40.7% for the first nine months of 2003, compared to 39.7% for the first nine months of 2002. The increase in the effective rate resulted primarily from certain expenses related to our secondary offering, completed in June 2003, that are not deductible for purposes of determining taxable income.
Year Ended December 31, 2002 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2001
Overview
Our operations for the year ended December 31, 2002 resulted in net income of $94.1 million compared to net income of $75.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2001. The increase in net income resulted primarily from a 17.1% increase in net revenues that was only partially offset by a 14.4% increase in operating expenses. The increase in net revenues was driven by a 35.6% increase in total trading volume during 2002 when compared to 2001. However, the percentage growth in volume did not result in an equal percentage growth in revenue as volume incentive programs, which include limits on GLOBEX fees for E-mini contracts and volume discounts for customers trading large volumes of our Eurodollar products, had a greater impact on revenue from clearing and transaction fees during 2002. Contributing to the overall increase in expenses was the settlement of the Wagner patent litigation in August 2002, and a subsequent agreement in December 2002 with Euronext for reimbursement of one-half of the settlement amount. The net result of these two agreements was a one-time expense of $6.2 million for 2002. Partially offsetting the overall increase in expenses was a decrease in stock-based compensation, a non-cash expense, from $6.2 million in 2001 to $3.8 million in 2002.
Trading volume for 2002 totaled a record 558.4 million contracts, representing an average daily trading volume of 2.2 million contracts. This was a 35.6% increase over the 411.7 million contracts traded during 2001, representing an average daily trading volume of 1.6 million contracts. On October 31, 2002, we experienced a new single-day total trading volume record of nearly 5.9 million contracts, surpassing the previous record of nearly 4.3 million contracts established on June 26, 2002. This volume record on October 31, 2002 included 2.6 million contracts from the launch of an additional TRAKRS contract, a product line developed with Merrill Lynch that first traded on July 31, 2002. The launch date of each new TRAKRS contract includes orders taken since the product was announced. In addition, the month of October 2002 represented our busiest month ever with total trading volume of 61.5 million contracts, and total trading volume excluding TRAKRS of 58.7 million contracts. GLOBEX volume exceeded one million contracts for a single day for the first time on June 12, 2002 and exceeded one million contracts on 42 days through the end of 2002. A new GLOBEX volume record was established on July 24, 2002, when 1.5 million contracts were traded. These GLOBEX volume records exclude the volume related to TRAKRS contracts.
Revenues
Total revenues increased $72.5 million, or 18.3%, from $396.6 million for 2001 to $469.1 million for 2002. Net revenues increased $66.0 million, or 17.1%, from 2001 to 2002. The increase in revenues was attributable
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primarily to a 35.1% increase in average daily trading volume in 2002. The increase represented our third consecutive year of record trading volume and marked the second year our exchange was the largest futures exchange in the United States, based on annual trading volume. In 2002, electronic trading volume represented 35.5% of total trading volume, or 785,615 contracts per day, a 140.8% increase over the year 2001. Open outcry trading volume averaged 1,398,698 contracts per day in 2002, a 9.1% increase over the year 2001. Increased trading volume levels resulted from continued volatility in U.S. stocks and currencies; the anticipation of possible changes in interest rates; increased customer demand for the liquidity provided by our markets; product offerings that allowed customers to manage their risks; and enhanced access choices to our products. Partially offsetting these volume increases, and the related increase in clearing and transaction fees, was a decline in investment income resulting primarily from a decrease in rates earned on our marketable securities, short-term investments and the short-term investment of clearing firms cash performance bonds and security deposits; a decrease in the trading revenue generated by our trading subsidiary, GFX; and our share of the net loss of OneChicago, our joint venture in single stock futures and futures on narrow-based stock indexes that initiated trading in November 2002.
Clearing and Transaction Fees. Clearing and transaction fees, which include clearing fees, GLOBEX electronic trading fees and other volume-related charges increased $63.9 million, or 21.9%, from $292.5 million in 2001 to $356.4 million in 2002. A significant portion of the increase was attributable to the 35.1% increase in average daily trading volume. Also, in 2002, 39.0% of our trading volume related to equity products, compared to 25.9% in 2001. This contrasts with our interest rate product volume, which represented 55.3% of our trading volume in 2002, a decline from 66.6% in 2001. This shift in product mix resulted in additional revenue in 2002 as the average rate per contract for equity products is greater than the average rate per contract for interest rate products. In 2002, the additional revenue resulting from these volume increases and product mix change was partially offset by a $4.8 million one-time payment to clearing firms relating to our fee adjustment policy and clearing firm account management errors.
Despite the increase in revenue from clearing and transaction fees, the average rate, or revenue, per contract decreased $0.072 from $0.710 in 2001 to $0.638 in 2002. Management believes the fee limits for our E-mini equity products and volume discounts offered to large users of our Eurodollar products contributed to increased overall trading volume but had a negative impact on our average rate per contract. While volume discounts and limits on certain GLOBEX fees were in effect during both 2001 and 2002, the average rate per contract for 2002 was more adversely impacted by these programs as increased trading volume resulted in more trades being executed at the discounted levels. In addition, the volume discounts for our Eurodollar products that were implemented in January 2001 were expanded in the third quarter of 2001. While volume in Eurodollar contracts has grown, the larger volume discounts have partially offset the additional revenue generated by the increased trading volume in this product. The average rate per contract was also affected by the lower percentage of trades attributed to non-member customers. The percentage of trades by non-members decreased to approximately 22% of total trading volume in 2002 compared to approximately 25% in 2001. We believe our lower fee structure for members has resulted in the acquisition of trading rights by parties intending to trade significant volumes on our exchange, creating an increase in member volume. In addition, on July 31, 2002, we began trading a new contract, Long-Short Technology TRAKRS, that was followed by two additional TRAKRS contracts in the fourth quarter of 2002. Similar to limits on certain GLOBEX fees, transaction fees for this contract are limited based on the size of the order and generally averaged $0.007 per contract. As a result, TRAKRS volume has had an adverse impact on our overall rate per contract in 2002. If volume and fees for TRAKRS were excluded from the 2002 rate per contract calculation, our average rate per contract would have increased by approximately $0.011 to $0.649 from $0.638. Finally, the $4.8 million payment to clearing firms relating to our fee adjustment policy and clearing firm account management errors reduced our average rate per contract by $0.009 in 2002.
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The following table shows the average daily trading volume expressed in round turn contracts in our four product areas, the portion that was traded electronically through the GLOBEX platform, and clearing and transaction fees revenues expressed in total dollars and as an average rate per contract:
Year Ended December 31, |
Percentage Increase/ (Decrease) |
||||||||||
Product Area |
2002 |
2001 |
|||||||||
Interest Rate |
1,226,343 | 1,091,846 | 12.3 | % | |||||||
Equity |
863,271 | 425,149 | 103.1 | ||||||||
Foreign Exchange |
96,289 | 89,290 | 7.8 | ||||||||
Commodity |
30,160 | 34,003 | (11.3 | ) | |||||||
Total Volume |
2,216,063 | 1,640,288 | 35.1 | ||||||||
GLOBEX Volume |
785,615 | 326,274 | 140.8 | ||||||||
GLOBEX Volume as a Percent of Total Volume |
35.5 | % | 19.9 | % | |||||||
Clearing and Transaction Fees Revenues (in thousands) |
$ | 356,396 | $ | 292,459 | |||||||
Average Rate per Contract |
$ | 0.638 | $ | 0.710 |
During 2002, volatility in U.S. equity markets continued. This volatility, combined with increased distribution to customers through the available access choices to our GLOBEX platform and marketing efforts to increase awareness of our product offerings, drove the growth in volume in our equity products. Approximately 83% of our stock index product volume is traded through the GLOBEX platform. While the U.S. Federal Reserve Board left interest rates unchanged until the fourth quarter of 2002, compared to 11 interest rate reductions in 2001, we continued to experience increased volume in our interest rate products. Continued uncertainty over interest rates and volatility in U.S. stocks has led to increased use of our interest rate products. With respect to foreign exchange products, the increase in trading volume was attributable to the impact of instituting side-by-side trading of these products on our GLOBEX platform during open outcry trading hours in April 2001, and additional volatility in the foreign exchange markets during 2002. The decrease in average daily volume for the commodity products was primarily the result of the extensive long-term drought that has depressed trading activity in our livestock products.
Quotation Data Fees. Quotation data fees increased $0.4 million, or 1.0%, from $48.3 million in 2001 to $48.7 million in 2002. The increase principally reflects the effect of fee increases, implemented in March 2001, for the full year 2002 and an increase in the administrative fee for our quote vendor services, effective January 2002. These increases were partially offset by a decline in the number of users of our professional market data service that began in the second quarter of 2002, primarily as a result of recent downsizing at a number of major brokerage firms. As a result, the number of screens displaying our market data decreased from approximately 190,000 at December 31, 2001 to approximately 175,000 screens at December 31, 2002. This decline was partially offset by an increase in the number of subscribers from approximately 48,000 at December 31, 2001 to approximately 54,000 at December 31, 2002. The increase in subscribers occurred in our lower-priced non-professional E-mini market data service. Quotation data fees for 2001 were adversely impacted by $0.5 million as a result of the bankruptcy filing of a vendor that serves as a large distributor of our market data. There was no similar adverse event in 2002.
GLOBEX Access Fees. GLOBEX access fees increased $0.9 million, or 8.0%, from $12.0 million in 2001 to $12.9 million in 2002. This increase resulted primarily from the additional monthly access fees generated by an increased number of GLOBEX users during 2002. Partially offsetting this increase was a $0.5 million decrease in installation revenue during 2002 when compared to 2001. When our pricing structure was changed in February 2001, we increased our installation charges for certain access choices. Many customers elected those access choices when they were first introduced. This resulted in an increase in installation revenue in the second and third quarters of 2001 that was not repeated during 2002. In addition, some new customers in 2002 selected access choices that do not require installation fees, such as our virtual private network.
Communication Fees. Communication fees increased $0.4 million, or 4.3%, from $9.3 million in 2001 to $9.7 million in 2002. The increase resulted primarily from an increase in telecommunication services and equipment provided on our trading floor and modest increases in fees for some of the wireless services we provide.
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Investment Income. Investment income decreased $1.3 million, or 13.6%, from $9.0 million in 2001 to $7.7 million in 2002. The decline resulted primarily from a reduction in rates earned on our marketable securities, short-term investments of available funds and the investment of clearing firms cash performance bonds and security deposits. Through the third quarter of 2002, a significant portion of these investments were short-term in nature. In the third quarter of 2002, we changed our investment policy and converted all of our marketable securities to short-term investments. Therefore, in the fourth quarter of 2002, all investments were short-term in nature. The average rate earned on all investments declined from approximately 3.8% in 2001 to approximately 2.6% in 2002, representing a decrease in investment income of approximately $6.3 million. The decrease in rates earned resulted from the actions taken by the Federal Reserve Board in 2001 and 2002 to lower the Fed funds rate and the change in our investment policy in the third quarter of 2002. Another component of the decrease in investment income was the $0.6 million decrease in the investment results of our non-qualified deferred compensation plan that is included in investment income but does not affect our net income, as there is an equal decrease in our compensation and benefits expense. Partially offsetting these decreases in investment income was an increase of approximately $3.3 million in interest income as a result of increased balances in marketable securities, short-term investments of available funds and cash performance bonds and security deposits, as well as the investment of the net proceeds of our initial public offering that was completed in December 2002. In addition, as a result of the change in our investment policy in the third quarter of 2002, we sold the marketable securities owned at the time the investment policy was changed, resulting in one-time realized gains of $2.7 million, compared to realized gains of $0.3 million in 2001.
Securities Lending Interest Income and Expense. Securities lending interest income increased $7.5 million, or 69.1%, from $10.7 million in 2001 to $18.2 million in 2002. Our securities lending activity began late in June 2001. Therefore, the revenue generated in 2001 does not represent a full year of securities lending activity. Our securities lending is limited to a portion of the securities that clearing firms deposit to satisfy their proprietary performance bond requirements. The average balance of proceeds from securities lending activity was $924.1 million in 2002 and $632.6 million in 2001 from the time this activity began to the end of the year. In 2001, the securities from one clearing firm were used to launch this program. By year-end 2002, securities of four clearing firms were being utilized in the securities lending program. Securities lending interest expense increased $6.4 million, or 67.8%, from $9.5 million in 2001 to $15.9 million in 2002. This expense is an integral part of our securities lending program and is required to engage in securities lending transactions. Therefore, this expense is presented in the consolidated statements of income as a reduction of total revenues. The net revenue from securities lending represented a return of 0.20% on the average daily balance in 2001 compared to 0.25% in 2002.
Other Revenue. Other revenue increased $0.5 million, or 3.2%, from $14.9 million in 2001 to $15.4 million in 2002. This increase is attributed primarily to a $2.3 million increase in fees associated with managing our Interest Earning Facility program, $0.7 million of revenue for providing certain communication and regulatory services to OneChicago that began in the third quarter of 2002 and a $0.3 million increase in fees generated for providing order routing services. In addition, two additional exchanges adopted CLEARING 21 in 2002, resulting in $0.3 million of revenue. Partially offsetting these increases was a $2.6 million increase in our share of the net loss of OneChicago. The increase in the net loss for 2002 represented an entire year of activity, whereas 2001 only represented activity from August 2001, the date of our initial capital contribution. OneChicago began trading operations in November 2002. However, fees for trades executed were waived for 2002. In addition, the trading revenue generated by GFX declined $0.6 million from 2001 to 2002.
Expenses
Total operating expenses increased $37.5 million, or 14.4%, from $261.4 million in 2001 to $298.9 million in 2002. This increase was primarily attributable to increases in depreciation resulting from recent capital expenditures, increases in compensation and benefits and professional fees, as well as the settlement of the Wagner patent litigation. These expense increases were partially offset by a reduction in stock-based compensation expense.
Compensation and Benefits Expense. Compensation and benefits expense increased $7.2 million, or 6.5%, from $111.5 million in 2001 to $118.7 million in 2002. There are two significant components to this increase.
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The average number of employees increased approximately 7%, or by 70 employees, from 2001 to 2002. We had 1,156 employees at December 31, 2002. This increased headcount resulted in increased compensation and benefits of approximately $6.3 million. In addition, compensation and benefits increased approximately $6.2 million as a result of annual salary increases and related increases in employer taxes, pension and benefits. These increases were partially offset by decreases in other factors. There was a $2.0 million increase in the capitalization of compensation and benefits relating to internally developed software and a $0.6 million increase in the losses experienced in our non-qualified deferred compensation plan during 2002 when compared to 2001. In addition, stock-based compensation, a non-cash expense, decreased $2.4 million, or 38.9%, from $6.2 million in 2001 to $3.8 million in 2002. The stock option granted in 2000 to our CEO represents $1.8 million of stock-based compensation expense in 2002. Employee stock options, granted primarily in 2001, and restricted stock granted in 2001 comprise the balance of this expense. The total expense associated with a stock option is calculated at the date of grant based on its fair value. Since we have elected an accelerated method for recognizing this expense, a greater percentage of the total expense for all stock awards is recognized in the first year of the vesting period. The decline in expense in 2002 is a direct result of the time that has lapsed since the options were granted and the expense previously recognized in the year immediately following the date of grant.
Occupancy Expense. Occupancy expense increased $2.0 million, or 9.7%, from $20.4 million in 2001 to $22.4 million in 2002. This increase resulted primarily from the additional rent and utility expense incurred in 2002 for a remote data center leased in the fourth quarter of 2001 and an increase in rent for our trading floors. A portion of the trading floor rent is determined based on total open outcry trading volume, which increased 9.5% in 2002 when compared to 2001. In addition, the operating expenses related to our office space in Chicago increased during 2002.
Professional Fees, Outside Services and Licenses Expense. Professional fees, outside services and licenses increased $5.2 million, or 19.3%, from $27.3 million in 2001 to $32.5 million in 2002. This increase is attributed primarily to two factors. There was a $3.2 million increase in legal fees associated with our defense of the Wagner patent litigation in 2002 and a $2.2 million increase in license fees resulting from growth in our equity product trading volume. Additional expenses totaling $1.0 million also were incurred in 2002 for building security in response to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, temporary employees, services to support our Web site and shareholder services. Partially offsetting these increases was a $0.6 million decrease in professional fees for technology initiatives, net of the portion that relates to development of internal use software and is capitalized rather than expensed. Total professional fees for technology increased $2.0 million; however, the nature of the projects requiring the use of professional services resulted in increased capitalization of $2.6 million. New initiatives during 2002 included work on the capacity of our clearing and trade processing systems, adaptation of certain systems to accommodate single stock futures transactions and technology work to prepare for our E-quotes market data offering. In addition, our expenses related to recruiting employees declined $1.0 million from 2001 to 2002. This decrease resulted primarily from using internal resources to hire new employees rather than using outside search firms.
Communications and Computer and Software Maintenance Expense. Communications and computer and software maintenance expense increased $3.0 million, or 6.8%, from $43.6 million in 2001 to $46.6 million in 2002. The increase in 2002 resulted primarily from greater communications expense and communications-related expense of $2.1 million associated with our remote data facility and $0.9 million of expenses for news and quote services and software maintenance to support our E-quotes offering that began in March 2001. In addition, we incurred $1.1 million in hardware and software maintenance costs in 2002 as a result of new hardware purchases and initiatives, such as single stock futures. Partially offsetting these increases was a $0.6 million reduction in communication expense associated with connections to our GLOBEX platform that resulted from the renegotiation of a contract with one of our vendors in the second half of 2001 and our decision to not renew our agreement with Euronext-Paris for maintenance of our matching engine software. This agreement expired at the end of 2001, and in 2002 we assumed the maintenance utilizing our technology staff. The expense relating to this maintenance agreement was $1.0 million in 2001.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense. Depreciation and amortization expense increased $10.9 million, or 28.9%, from $37.6 million in 2001 to $48.5 million in 2002. Capital expenditures totaled $27.1 million in 2000, $36.5 million in 2001, and $56.9 million in 2002, with technology-related purchases representing
53
approximately 80% to 90% of total purchases. Equipment and software represent the greatest portion of these technology-related purchases and are depreciated over a three- to four-year period. Therefore, these recent purchases, which include the development of software for internal use, have resulted in increased depreciation and amortization expense.
Patent Litigation Settlement. Patent litigation settlement expense totaled $6.2 million in 2002. This expense includes $13.7 million for the August 2002 settlement with eSpeed of the Wagner patent litigation. This expense was subsequently reduced as a result of the December 2002 settlement of a dispute with Euronext-Paris, our licensor of the NSC software that was the subject of the patent litigation, whereby Euronext-Paris agreed to pay us an amount equal to one-half of the amount of the settlement with eSpeed. Our settlement with eSpeed required a $5.0 million payment in September 2002 with five subsequent payments of $2.0 million each beginning in August 2003. In turn, Euronext-Paris has agreed to make two payments to us for $3.75 million each, the first of which was received in January 2003 and the second payment is to be received in December 2003. The expense recorded in 2002 represents the present value of these payments. No similar expense occurred in 2001.
Marketing, Advertising and Public Relations Expense. Marketing, advertising and public relations expense increased $0.2 million, or 3.0%, from $6.3 million in 2001 to $6.5 million in 2002. Two offsetting changes resulted in this total expense remaining relatively unchanged from 2001 to 2002. Advertising and promotional activities increased from 2001 to 2002 as a result of greater expenditures for print advertising, focused primarily on our E-mini stock index and our foreign exchange products, as well as trade shows and conventions. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in charitable contributions. In response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, we established the Chicago Mercantile Exchange Foundation and made an initial contribution of $1.0 million in the third quarter of 2001. No similar expense was incurred in 2002.
Other Expense. Other expense increased $2.8 million, or 19.2%, from $14.7 million in 2001 to $17.5 million in 2002. Fees paid to our board of directors increased during 2002 when compared to 2001 due to two changes in our board fee structure that became effective on July 1, 2001 and October 1, 2002. In addition, expenses related to travel, meals and entertainment increased $0.9 million, primarily as a result of increased customer visits and sales efforts by our products and services division. Bank fees increased $0.6 million as a result of the fees associated with securities lending that began late in the second quarter of 2001. Expense increases also occurred in other categories, such as supplies, bad debts and interest expense. Partially offsetting these increases was a decrease in the expense related to the settlement of certain litigation in 2001, for which there was no similar expense in 2002.
Income Tax Provision
We recorded a tax provision of $50.7 million in 2001, compared to $60.2 million in 2002. The effective tax rate was 40.3% in 2001 and 39.0% in 2002. The decline in the effective tax rate in 2002 resulted primarily from the favorable resolution of an outstanding income tax matter with the Internal Revenue Service.
Year Ended December 31, 2001 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2000
Overview
Our operations for the year ended December 31, 2001 resulted in net income of $75.1 million compared to a net loss of $10.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2000. Our improved operating results were driven by a $170.0 million, or 75.1%, increase in total revenues. Net revenues increased $160.6 million, or 70.9%. This increase in revenues was partially offset by a $19.6 million, or 8.1%, increase in expenses in 2001 when compared to 2000. Excluding stock-based compensation, which represented a non-cash expense of $6.2 million in 2001 and $8.2 million in 2000, our net income for 2001 would have been $78.8 million compared to a loss of $5.3 million for 2000.
During 2001, the U.S. Federal Reserve Board lowered the Fed funds rate on 11 occasions, resulting in a total reduction of 4.75%. The increased need for risk management instruments resulting from this interest rate
54
volatility led to increased volume in our Eurodollar contract. Our Eurodollar contract also became a benchmark for the industry, contributing to its volume growth. Concerns and uncertainty about the global and national economy, interest rates and the performance of U.S. stocks that had resulted in increased trading volume throughout 2001 were magnified after the terrorist attacks of September 11. In addition, opening access to our electronic trading platform and improved performance of that platform, coupled with uncertainty over the economy and interest rates, resulted in increased trading volume in our stock index products.
Revenues
Total revenues increased $170.0 million, or 75.1%, from $226.6 million for 2000 to $396.6 million for 2001. Net revenues increased $160.6 million, or 70.9%, from 2000 to 2001. The increase in revenues was attributable primarily to a 78.9% increase in average daily trading volume in 2001, establishing an exchange record and making our exchange the largest futures exchange in the United States, based on annual trading volume, for the first time. In 2001, we also experienced record levels of electronic trading that resulted in average daily GLOBEX volume of 326,274 contracts, representing 19.9% of our trading volume and an increase of 138.3% compared to 2000. These increased volume levels resulted from uncertainty over interest rates and volatility in U.S. stocks, a diverse product offering, our new open access policy for GLOBEX and volume discounts available to customers using our markets to manage their financial risk. Finally, a new pricing framework announced in December 2000 that took effect in the first quarter of 2001 resulted in additional revenue.
Clearing and Transaction Fees. Clearing and transaction fees and other volume-related charges increased $135.9 million, or 86.7%, from $156.6 million in 2000 to $292.5 million in 2001. Total trading volume increased 78.1% from 231.1 million contracts, our previous trading volume record established in 2000, to 411.7 million contracts for 2001. Many other volume records were established in 2001. Trading volume of 3.3 million contracts on November 15, 2001 established a new single-day trading volume record. Trading volume for the month of November 2001 also established a new monthly record, with 45.3 million contracts traded. This growth in total volume, and the related increase in clearing fees, was compounded by additional GLOBEX transaction fees resulting from a 138.3% increase in electronic trading volume from 2000 to 2001. In addition to increased volume, revenue was favorably impacted by changes to our pricing structure that were implemented in the first quarter of 2001.
In response to the terrorist attacks in the United States, our markets closed early on September 11, 2001, and our exchange remained closed on September 12, 2001. Trading resumed on September 13, 2001. However, equity products did not trade for an additional two business days, until September 17, 2001, when the equity markets in the United States resumed trading.
In addition to the increase in trading volume, the average rate per contract increased $0.032 from $0.678 for the year ended December 31, 2000 to $0.710 for the year ended December 31, 2001. The increase in 2001 reflects increases in pricing, which were partially offset by volume discounts for our Eurodollar products. These discounts were implemented in January 2001 and expanded in the third quarter of 2001. Also, as a result of the limits on certain GLOBEX fees, the additional trading volume generated through GLOBEX has increased clearing fees but has not necessarily resulted in additional GLOBEX fees.
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The following table shows the average daily trading volume expressed in round turn contracts in our four product areas, the portion that was traded electronically through the GLOBEX platform, and clearing and transaction fees revenues expressed in total dollars and as an average rate per contract:
Year Ended December 31, |
Percentage Increase |
||||||||||
Product Area |
2001 |
2000 |
|||||||||
Interest Rate |
1,091,846 | 550,810 | 98.2 | % | |||||||
Equity |
425,149 | 258,120 | 64.7 | ||||||||
Foreign Exchange |
89,290 | 76,615 | 16.5 | ||||||||
Commodity |
34,003 | 31,575 | 7.7 | ||||||||
Total Volume |
1,640,288 | 917,120 | 78.9 | ||||||||
GLOBEX Volume |
326,274 | 136,928 | 138.3 | ||||||||
GLOBEX Volume as a Percent of Total Volume |
19.9 | % | 14.9 | % | |||||||
Clearing and Transaction Fees Revenues (in thousands) |
$ | 292,459 | $ | 156,649 | |||||||
Average Rate per Contract |
$ | 0.710 | $ | 0.678 |
While we experienced increased volume in all products, the most significant increases occurred in interest rate and equity products. This increased volume reflected market dynamics in U.S. stocks and interest rates, as well as the effect of volume discounts and increased access to our electronic trading platform. These measures were designed to stimulate additional activity in a time of volatility in interest rates and U.S. equities.
Quotation Data Fees. Quotation data fees increased $12.0 million, or 33.0%, from $36.3 million in 2000 to $48.3 million in 2001. On March 1, 2001, we implemented a fee increase for professional subscribers. At year-end 2001, more than 48,000 subscribers displayed our data on approximately 190,000 screens worldwide. This represented a modest decrease from year-end 2000 when we had approximately 54,000 subscribers displaying our data on more than 196,000 screens. In addition, while we maintained our non-professional market data offering, the service was changed from real-time streaming to one-minute snapshots of market data. This led some of our subscribers to convert to the higher-priced professional service. In addition, our 2000 revenue was adversely impacted by the bankruptcy filing of one of the larger resellers of our quotes.
GLOBEX Access Fees. GLOBEX access fees increased $8.0 million, or 201.9%, from $4.0 million in 2000 to $12.0 million in 2001. This increase was primarily attributable to the growth in the number of GLOBEX connections. Our FIX API connections increased from approximately 60 at December 31, 2000 to approximately 175 at December 31, 2001. These connections generally are used by clearing firms and allow multiple users to access GLOBEX. In addition, our GLOBEX Trader-Internet connections, a new access choice in 2001, grew to approximately 250 connections. Also contributing to the increase in revenue were changes to fees charged for access to GLOBEX in 2001 that were partially offset by a decrease in dedicated terminals accessing GLOBEX.
Communication Fees. Communication fees were relatively constant, experiencing a decrease of $0.1 million, from $9.4 million in 2000 to $9.3 million in 2001.
Investment Income. Investment income decreased $0.7 million, or 8.0%, from $9.7 million in 2000 to $9.0 million in 2001. The decline resulted primarily from a decrease in interest rates, which had a negative impact on the rate earned on funds invested. Also, there was a $0.2 million decrease in the investment results of our non-qualified deferred compensation plan, which did not impact our net income as there was an equal reduction to our compensation and benefits expense. Partially offsetting these decreases was investment income generated by additional funds available for investment in marketable securities as a result of our improved financial performance. Also, cash performance bonds deposited by clearing firms increased from 2000 to 2001, resulting in additional investment income in 2001.
Securities Lending Interest Income and Expense. Securities lending interest income was $10.7 million in 2001. There was no similar income for 2000, as our securities lending activity began in June 2001. Securities
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lending is limited to a portion of the securities that clearing firms deposit to satisfy their proprietary performance bond requirements. Securities lending interest expense was $9.5 million in 2001. There was no similar expense for 2000. This expense is an integral part of our securities lending program and is required to engage in securities lending transactions. Therefore, this expense is presented in the consolidated statements of income as a reduction of total revenues.
Other Revenue. Other revenue increased $4.4 million, or 41.7%, from $10.5 million in 2000 to $14.9 million in 2001. The majority of this increase, or $2.3 million, was attributable to increased fees associated with managing our IEF program. Fees earned are directly related to amounts deposited in each IEF. In addition, the comprehensive pricing changes implemented in the first quarter of 2001 resulted in additional revenue from floor access charges, booth rental on our trading floors and order routing services. Finally, sales of our SPAN software increased by $0.3 million in 2001 compared to 2000. Partially offsetting these increases was a $0.6 million decrease in the trading revenue generated by GFX and our share of the net loss of OneChicago, the joint venture established in August 2001 for the trading of single stock futures.
Expenses
Total operating expenses increased $19.6 million, or 8.1%, from $241.8 million in 2000 to $261.4 million in 2001. The most significant components of this increase were the increase in compensation and benefits expense, professional fees and depreciation and amortization.
Compensation and Benefits Expense. Compensation and benefits expense increased $9.2 million, or 9.0%, from $102.3 million in 2000 to $111.5 million in 2001. Included in this expense in 2000 was $4.3 million of one- time expenses relating to the restructuring of management that included a sign-on bonus for our new President and CEO hired in February 2000 and expenses related to severance payments to departing executives with employment contracts. Excluding these one-time charges, compensation and benefits increased $13.5 million, or 13.8%, in 2001 primarily as a result of an increase in overall compensation levels and employee bonus expense, coupled with related increases in pension expense, employment taxes and employee benefits costs. In addition, the average number of employees increased approximately 1% during 2001. This increased headcount resulted in additional compensation and benefits expense of approximately $1.4 million. These increases were compounded by a reduction in the number of technology staff utilized for internally developed software initiatives in 2001 when compared to 2000. As a result, more employee-related costs were expensed, rather than being capitalized as part of the development of internal use software. Partially offsetting these increases was a decrease in stock-based compensation, a non-cash expense, of $2.0 million, from $8.2 million in 2000 to $6.2 million in 2001. The stock option granted in 2000 to our CEO represents $3.5 million of stock-based compensation expense in 2001. Employee stock options, granted in May and July 2001, and restricted stock granted in May 2001 comprise the balance of this expense. The total expense associated with a stock option is calculated at the date of grant using the fair value method. Since we have elected an accelerated method for recognizing this expense, a greater percentage of the total expense is recognized in the first year of the vesting period. The decline in expense in 2001 is a result of the higher expense recognized in 2000 related to the CEO option, which is partially offset by the employee grants awarded in 2001.
Occupancy Expense. Occupancy expense increased $0.8 million, or 4.0%, from $19.6 million in 2000 to $20.4 million in 2001. This is primarily the result of an increase in rent expense related to our trading floors, as a portion of this rent is directly related to increased open outcry trading volume.
Professional Fees, Outside Services and Licenses Expense. Professional fees, outside services and licenses increased $4.2 million, or 18.0%, from $23.1 million in 2000 to $27.3 million in 2001. Professional fees for technology-related initiatives, net of the reduction for the portion that relates to the development of internal use software and is capitalized rather than expensed, increased $4.5 million in 2001 when compared to 2000. Major initiatives in 2001 included improvements to the Application Program Interface (API) to GLOBEX, work on enhancing the ability to execute sophisticated spread trades in GLOBEX and improvements to our Web site. In addition, there was a $0.9 million increase in license fees resulting from increased stock index product trading
57
volume. We also incurred fees in 2001 relating to our reorganization into a holding company structure. In 2000, we completed our management restructuring and demutualization that resulted in recruiting, legal and other professional fees that were not repeated in 2001.
Communications and Computer and Software Maintenance Expense. Communications and computer and software maintenance expense increased $1.7 million, or 4.0%, from $41.9 million in 2000 to $43.6 million in 2001. As a result of a new contract with our communications provider, communication costs related to GLOBEX connections increased modestly despite the increased number of customers utilizing our electronic trading platform. In addition, our hardware and software maintenance costs increased in 2001 as a result of technology-related purchases.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense. Depreciation and amortization expense increased $4.1 million, or 12.4%, from $33.5 million in 2000 to $37.6 million in 2001. This increase was attributable primarily to depreciation of the cost of equipment and software purchased late in 2000, as well as amortization on internally developed software completed in 2001 and the second half of 2000.
Marketing, Advertising and Public Relations Expense. Marketing, advertising and public relations expense increased $1.1 million, or 21.2%, from $5.2 million in 2000 to $6.3 million in 2001. In response to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, we established the Chicago Mercantile Exchange Foundation with an initial contribution of $1.0 million to be distributed to those affected by the events of September 11, 2001. In addition, in 2001 promotion expense was affected by increased spending on direct advertising offset by reduced expenditures for trade shows and specific product promotions.
Other Expense. Other expense decreased $1.4 million, or 9.3%, from $16.1 million in 2000 to $14.7 million in 2001. This decrease was due primarily to a $2.7 million write-off of previously capitalized software development costs during 2000. It was determined that the software would not be utilized as intended. A similar write-off of $0.3 million occurred in 2001. Other factors affecting these expenses in 2001 included a reduction in travel and entertainment when compared to 2000, offset by the expense associated with the settlement of litigation in 2001.
During 2000, the limited partners interest in the earnings of PMT was $1.2 million. We purchased the net assets of PMT on November 13, 2000 as part of our demutualization. Therefore, there was no reduction in earnings during 2001 as a result of the sharing of profits with the limited partners of this entity.
Income Tax Provision
We recorded a tax provision of $50.7 million in 2001, compared to a tax benefit of $5.9 million in 2000. The effective tax rate was 40.3% in 2001 and 36.1% in 2000.
Quarterly Results of Operations
Quarterly results have varied significantly as a result of the following:
| trading volume; |
| changes in and limits and volume discounts on fees; |
| one-time expenses, such as those relating to demutualization and the patent litigation settlement; |
| changes in our business strategy and fee structure as a result of our conversion from a non-profit into a for-profit corporation; |
| stock-based compensation expense resulting from stock options granted to our CEO; |
| amount and timing of capital expenditures; and |
| growth in GLOBEX. |
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The following tables set forth certain unaudited consolidated quarterly income statement data, both in dollar amounts and as a percentage of net revenues, for the eleven quarters ended September 30, 2003. In our opinion, this unaudited information has been prepared on substantially the same basis as the financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus and includes all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the unaudited quarterly data. The unaudited quarterly data should be read together with the financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period.
Quarter Ended(1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mar. 31, 2001 (restated) |
June 30, 2001 (restated) |
Sep. 30, 2001 (restated) |
Dec. 31, 2001 (restated) |
Mar. 31, 2002 (restated) |
June 30, 2002 (restated) |
Sep. 30, 2002 (restated) |
Dec. 31, |
Mar. 31, |
June 30, |
Sep. 30, |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Clearing and transaction fees |
$ | 70,938 | $ | 68,266 | $ | 72,690 | $ | 80,565 | $ | 77,885 | $ | 84,274 | $ | 99,255 | $ | 94,982 | $ | 102,399 | $ | 115,808 | $ | 107,846 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Quotation data fees |
10,225 | 13,582 | 12,003 | 12,440 | 12,465 | 11,925 | 12,117 | 12,210 | 11,799 | 13,570 | 13,611 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GLOBEX access fees |
2,347 | 3,557 | 3,004 | 3,079 | 3,130 | 3,278 | 3,362 | 3,175 | 3,722 | 3,883 | 3,961 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Communication fees |
2,256 | 2,350 | 2,299 | 2,425 | 2,405 | 2,506 | 2,453 | 2,369 | 2,416 | 2,412 | 2,415 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment income |
2,573 | 2,496 | 1,727 | 2,160 | 1,617 | 1,304 | 3,177 | 1,642 | 1,146 | 2,164 | 2,351 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities lending interest income |
| 605 | 6,885 | 3,254 | 3,514 | 6,275 | 4,913 | 3,467 | 2,857 | 2,029 | 2,441 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
3,831 | 4,411 | 3,252 | 3,410 | 3,053 | 3,518 | 4,372 | 4,436 | 4,261 | 4,429 | 4,636 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues |
92,170 | 95,267 | 101,860 | 107,333 | 104,069 | 113,080 | 129,649 | 122,281 | 128,600 | 144,295 | 137,261 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities lending interest expense |
| (569 | ) | (6,531 | ) | (2,377 | ) | (2,977 | ) | (5,548 | ) | (4,484 | ) | (2,893 | ) | (2,584 | ) | (1,904 | ) | (2,251 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net revenues |
92,170 | 94,698 | 95,329 | 104,956 | 101,092 | 107,532 | 125,165 | 119,388 | 126,016 | 142,391 | 135,010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits |
26,311 | 26,571 | 29,911 | 28,672 | 30,773 | 29,335 | 28,325 | 30,277 | 33,244 | 37,970 | 36,664 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
5,257 | 4,796 | 5,092 | 5,275 | 5,781 | 5,308 | 5,881 | 5,430 | 6,281 | 6,294 | 6,421 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Professional fees, outside services and licenses |
6,018 | 5,538 | 6,816 | 8,917 | 7,261 | 8,377 | 9,109 | 7,802 | 7,378 | 7,561 | 7,850 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Communications and computer and software maintenance |
9,988 | 10,141 | 11,236 | 12,233 | 10,308 | 11,325 | 12,183 | 12,753 | 12,117 | 11,182 | 10,687 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
8,888 | 9,146 | 9,245 | 10,360 | 10,814 | 12,337 | 12,353 | 13,005 | 13,211 | 13,321 | 13,331 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Patent litigation settlement |
| | | | | | 13,695 | (7,455 | ) | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Marketing, advertising and public relations |
581 | 788 | 2,055 | 2,902 | 1,563 | 1,354 | 1,481 | 2,116 | 5,602 | 1,534 | 1,827 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
2,990 | 3,631 | 4,035 | 3,994 | 3,429 | 5,007 | 4,005 | 5,016 | 4,429 | 5,159 | 5,349 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total expenses |
60,033 | 60,611 | 68,390 | 72,353 | 69,929 | 73,043 | 87,032 | 68,944 | 82,262 | 83,021 | 82,129 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes |
32,137 | 34,087 | 26,939 | 32,603 | 31,163 | 34,489 | 38,133 | 50,444 | 43,754 | 59,370 | 52,881 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax provision |
(12,870 | ) | (13,550 | ) | (10,956 | ) | (13,282 | ) | (12,504 | ) | (13,498 | ) | (15,235 | ) | (18,925 | ) | (17,633 | ) | (24,357 | ) | (21,484 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 19,267 | $ | 20,537 | $ | 15,983 | $ | 19,321 | $ | 18,659 | $ | 20,991 | $ | 22,898 | $ | 31,519 | $ | 26,121 | $ | 35,013 | $ | 31,397 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Earnings per share:(2) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | 0.67 | $ | 0.71 | $ | 0.56 | $ | 0.67 | $ | 0.65 | $ | 0.73 | $ | 0.79 | $ | 1.06 | $ | 0.80 | $ | 1.07 | $ | 0.96 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted |
0.67 | 0.70 | 0.54 | 0.66 | 0.63 | 0.71 | 0.77 | 1.02 | 0.77 | 1.03 | 0.93 |
(1) | Quarterly results for 2001 and the first three quarters of 2002 have been restated to reflect the adoption of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. |
(2) | Earnings per share are presented as if common stock issued on December 3, 2001 as part of our reorganization into a holding company structure had been outstanding for all periods presented. |
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Quarter Ended(1) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mar. 31, 2001 (restated) |
June 30, 2001 (restated) |
Sep. 30, 2001 (restated) |
Dec. 31, 2001 (restated) |
Mar. 31, 2002 (restated) |
June 30, 2002 (restated) |
Sep. 30, 2002 (restated) |
Dec. 31, |
Mar. 31, |
June 30, |
Sep. 30, 2003 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
(as a percentage of net revenues) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues: |
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Clearing and transaction fees |
77.0 | % | 72.1 | % | 76.3 | % | 76.8 | % | 77.0 | % | 78.4 | % | 79.3 | % | 79.6 | % | 81.3 | % | 81.3 | % | 79.9 | % | |||||||||||
Quotation data fees |
11.1 | 14.3 | 12.6 | 11.9 | 12.3 | 11.1 | 9.7 | 10.2 | 9.4 | 9.5 | 10.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
GLOBEX access fees |
2.5 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Communication fees |
2.4 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment income |
2.8 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities lending interest income |
| 0.6 | 7.2 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 5.8 | 3.9 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 1.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
4.2 | 4.7 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues |
100.0 | 100.6 | 106.9 | 102.3 | 102.9 | 105.2 | 103.6 | 102.4 | 102.1 | 101.3 | 101.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities lending interest expense |
| (0.6 | ) | (6.9 | ) | (2.3 | ) | (2.9 | ) | (5.2 | ) | (3.6 | ) | (2.4 | ) | (2.1 | ) | (1.3 | ) | (1.7 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net revenues |
100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses: |
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Compensation and benefits |
28.6 | 28.1 | 31.5 | 27.3 | 30.4 | 27.3 | 22.6 | 25.4 | 26.4 | 26.7 | 27.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
5.7 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 4.5 |