(Mark One) | ||
x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Maryland | 71-1036989 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
106 York Road, Jenkintown, PA | 19046 | |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act:
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share
(Title of class)
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes o No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer o | |
Non-accelerated filer x (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company o |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
There is no established public market for the registrants shares of common stock. The registrant is currently conducting the on-going initial public offering of its shares of common stock pursuant to its registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-145949), which shares are being sold at $10.00 per share, with discounts available for certain categories of purchasers. The aggregate market value of the registrants common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2010, the last business day of the registrants most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $300.5 million based on a per share value of $10.00 (or $9.50 for shares issued under the distribution reinvestment plan).
As of March 15, 2011, the registrant had 82.0 million shares of common stock outstanding.
Portions of the registrants proxy statement to be delivered to stockholders in connection with the registrants 2011 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K. The registrant intends to file its proxy statement within 120 days after its fiscal year end.
i
Certain statements included in this annual report on Form 10-K are forward-looking statements. Those statements include statements regarding the intent, belief or current expectations of American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. (the Company, we our or us) and members of our management team, as well as the assumptions on which such statements are based, and generally are identified by the use of words such as may, will, seeks, anticipates, believes, estimates, expects, plans, intends, should or similar expressions. Actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements. Further, forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or changes to future operating results over time, unless required by law.
The following are some of the risks and uncertainties, although not all risks and uncertainties, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those presented in our forward-looking statements:
| We and American Realty Capital Advisor, LLC, our advisor (the Advisor), have a limited operating history and our Advisor has limited experience operating a public company. This inexperience makes our future performance difficult to predict. |
| All of our executive officers are also officers, managers and/or holders of a direct or indirect controlling interest in our Advisor, our dealer manager, Realty Capital Securities, LLC (the Dealer Manager) and other American Realty Capital-affiliated entities. As a result, our executive officers, our Advisor and its affiliates face conflicts of interest, including significant conflicts created by our Advisors compensation arrangements with us and other investors advised by American Realty Capital affiliates and conflicts in allocating time among these investors and us. These conflicts could result in unanticipated actions. |
| Because investment opportunities that are suitable for us may also be suitable for other American Realty Capital-advised programs or investors, our Advisor and its affiliates face conflicts of interest relating to the purchase of properties and other investments and such conflicts may not be resolved in our favor, meaning that we could invest in less attractive assets, which could reduce the investment return to our stockholders. |
| While we are raising capital and investing the proceeds of our on-going initial public offering, the competition for the type of properties we desire to acquire may cause our distributions and the long-term returns of our investors to be lower than they otherwise would be. |
| We depend on tenants for our revenue, and, accordingly, our revenue is dependent upon the success and economic viability of our tenants. |
| Increases in interest rates could increase the amount of our debt payments and limit our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders. |
| We may not generate cash flows sufficient to pay our distributions to stockholders, as such we may be forced to borrow at higher rates or depend on our Advisor to waive reimbursement of certain expenses and fees to fund our operations. |
| No public market currently exists, or may ever exist, for shares of our common stock and our shares are, and may continue to be, illiquid. |
| If we and our Advisor are unable to find suitable investments, then we may not be able to achieve our investment objectives or pay distributions. |
| We may be unable to pay or maintain cash distributions or increase distributions over time. |
| We are obligated to pay substantial fees to our Advisor and its affiliates, including fees payable upon the sale of properties. |
| We are subject to risks associated with the significant dislocations and liquidity disruptions currently existing or occurring in the United States' credit markets. |
| We may fail to qualify or continue to qualify to be treated as a real estate investment trust (REIT). |
All forward-looking statements should be read in light of the risks identified in Part I, Item IA of this annual report on Form 10-K.
ii
We are a Maryland corporation, incorporated on August 17, 2007, that elected to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, beginning with the taxable year ended December 31, 2008. As a REIT, we generally are not subject to corporate-level income taxes. To maintain our REIT status, we are required, among other requirements, to distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, as defined by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we would be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate tax rates.
On January 25, 2008, the Company commenced an initial public offering on a best efforts basis of up to 150.0 million shares of common stock offered at a price of $10.00 per share, subject to certain volume and other discounts, pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-145949) (the Registration Statement) filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Registration Statement also covered up to 25.0 million shares available pursuant to a distribution reinvestment plan (the DRIP) under which the Companys stockholders may elect to have their distributions reinvested in additional shares of the Companys common stock at the greater of $9.50 per share or 95% of the estimated value of a share of common stock.
On August 5, 2010, we filed a registration statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-168572) to register 32.5 million shares of common stock in connection with a follow-on offering. The initial public offering was originally set to expire on January 25, 2011, three years after its effective date. However, as permitted by Rule 415 of the Securities Act, the Company will now continue its initial public offering until the earlier of July 25, 2011 or the date that the SEC declares the registration statement for the follow-on offering effective. Total capital raised under the current registration and follow-on offering will not exceed $1.5 billion.
As of December 31, 2010, we issued approximately 61.8 million shares of common stock. Total gross proceeds from these issuances were $603.6 million. As of December 31, 2010, the aggregate value of all share issuances and subscriptions outstanding was $610.6 million based on a per share value of $10.00 (or $9.50 for shares issued under the DRIP). As of December 31, 2010, approximately 0.3 million shares of common stock had been redeemed under our stock repurchase program at a value of $2.6 million and an additional 40,000 shares with a redemption value of $0.4 million were accrued for redemption subsequent to December 31, 2010. We are dependent upon the net proceeds from the offering to conduct our proposed operations.
We intend to use the proceeds of our on-going initial public offering to acquire and manage a diverse portfolio of real estate properties consisting primarily of freestanding, single-tenant properties net leased to investment grade and other creditworthy tenants throughout the United States and Puerto Rico. We typically fund our acquisitions with a combination of equity and debt and in certain cases we may use only equity capital or we may fund a portion of the purchase price of an acquisition through investments from third parties. We expect to arrange long-term financing on both a secured and unsecured fixed rate basis. We intend to continue to grow our existing relationships and develop new relationships throughout various markets we serve, which we expect will lead to further acquisition opportunities. We intend to have an overall leverage ratio as it relates to long-term secured mortgage financings of approximately 45% to 50%. As of December 31, 2010, our leverage ratio was 42.7%.
As of December 31, 2010, we owned 259 properties with 5.3 million square feet, 100% leased with a weighted average remaining lease term of 15.5 years. In constructing our portfolio, we are committed to diversification (industry, tenant and geography). As of December 31, 2010, rental revenues derived from investment grade tenants (rated BBB- or better by Standard & Poors) approximated 73.0%. Our strategy encompasses receiving the majority of our revenue from investment grade tenants as we further acquire properties and enter into (or assume) long-term lease arrangements.
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Substantially all of the Companys business is conducted through American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. (the OP), a Delaware limited partnership. The Company is the sole general partner of and owns a 99.01% partnership interest in the OP. The Advisor is the sole limited partner and owner of 0.99% (minority interest) of the partnership interests of the OP. The limited partner interests have the right to convert OP units into cash or, at the option of the Company, an equal number of common shares of the Company, as allowed by the limited partnership agreement.
We have no paid employees. We are managed by our Advisor, and American Realty Capital Properties, LLC, which serves as our property manager (the Property Manager). The Advisor and the Property Manager are affiliated entities that receive compensation and fees for services related to the on-going initial public offering and for the investment and management of the Companys assets. These entities receive fees during the Companys offering, acquisition, operational and liquidation stages.
Real estate-related investments are higher-yield and higher-risk investments that our Advisor will actively manage, if we elect to acquire such investments. The real estate-related investments in which we may invest include: (i) mortgage loans; (ii) equity securities such as common stocks, preferred stocks and convertible preferred securities of real estate companies; (iii) debt securities, such as mortgage-backed securities, commercial mortgages, mortgage loan participations and debt securities issued by other real estate companies; and (iv) certain types of illiquid securities, such as mezzanine loans and bridge loans. While we may invest in any of these real estate-related investments, our Advisor, with the support of our board of directors, has elected to suspend all activities relating to acquiring real estate-related investments for an indefinite period based on the current adverse climate affecting the capital markets. Since our inception, we have not acquired any real estate-related investments.
We invest in commercial real estate properties. Our primary investment objectives are:
| to provide current income for investors through the payment of cash distributions; and |
| to preserve and return investors capital contributions. |
We also seek capital gain from our investments. Investors may be able to obtain a return on all or a portion of their capital contribution in connection with the sale of an investors shares if we list our shares on a national securities exchange. We cannot assure investors that we will attain any of these objectives. See Risk Factors.
Our core investment strategy for achieving these objectives is to only acquire, own and manage a portfolio of free standing commercial properties that are leased to a diversified group of credit worthy companies on a single tenant, net lease basis. Net leases generally require the tenant to pay substantially all of the costs associated with operating and maintaining the property such as maintenance, insurance, taxes, structural repairs and all other operating and capital expenses (referred to as triple-net leases).
We will seek to list our shares of common stock for trading on a national securities exchange only if a majority of our directors believe listing would be in our best interests. We do not intend to list our shares at this time. We do not anticipate that there will be any market for our common stock until our shares are listed or quoted. In making the decision to apply for listing of our shares or to provide other forms of liquidity, such as selling our properties and other assets either on a portfolio basis or individually or engaging in a business combination transaction, our board of directors will evaluate whether listing the shares, liquidating or another transaction would be in our best interests. It cannot be determined at this time the circumstances, if any, under which the board of directors would determine to list the shares. If we do not list our shares of common stock on the New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ Stock Market by December 1, 2018, we intend to either:
| seek stockholder approval of an extension or amendment of this listing deadline; or |
| seek stockholder approval to adopt a plan of liquidation of the corporation. |
If we seek and do not obtain stockholder approval of an extension or amendment to the listing deadline, we intend then to adopt a plan of liquidation and begin an orderly sale of our properties.
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Our board of directors may revise our investment policies, which we describe in more detail below, without the concurrence of our stockholders. Our independent directors will review our investment policies, which we discuss in detail below, at least annually to determine that our policies are in the best interest of our stockholders.
The Company seeks to build a diversified portfolio comprised primarily of free-standing single-tenant bank branch, convenience store, restaurant, retail, office and industrial properties that are double-net and triple-net leased to investment grade (S&P BBB- or better) and other creditworthy tenants. Triple-net (NNN) leases typically require the tenant to pay substantially all of the costs associated with operating and maintaining the property such as maintenance, insurance, taxes, structural repairs and all other operating and capital expenses. Double-net (NN) leases typically provide that the landlord is responsible for maintaining the roof and structure, or other structural aspects of the property, while the tenant is responsible for all remaining expenses associated with the property. We will seek to build a portfolio where at least 50% of the portfolio will be comprised of properties leased to investment grade tenants. We currently exceed our objective as approximately 73.0% of our rental income is from investment grade tenants as of December 31, 2010. While most of our investment will be directly in such properties, we may also invest in entities that own or invest in such properties.
We intend to assemble a portfolio of real estate that is diversified by industry, geography, tenants, credits, and use. We anticipate that our portfolio will consist primarily of freestanding, single-tenant properties net leased for use as bank branches, convenience stores, restaurants, retail, office and industrial establishments. Although we expect our portfolio will consist primarily of freestanding, single-tenant properties, we will not forgo opportunities to invest in other types of real estate investments that meet our overall investment objectives.
The following table lists tenants whose annualized rental income on a straight-line basis represented greater than 10% of consolidated income as of December 31, 2010 and 2009:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
2010 | 2009 | |||||||
FedEx | 17 | % | 14 | % | ||||
CVS | 13 | % | 11 | % | ||||
Walgreens | 10 | % | 1 | % | ||||
PNC | 5 | % | 25 | % | ||||
First Niagara | 4 | % | 21 | % | ||||
Rockland Trust | 3 | % | 17 | % | ||||
Rite Aid | 2 | % | 10 | % |
The termination, delinquency or non-renewal of one of the above tenants would have a material adverse effect on the revenues of the Company. No other tenant represents more than 10% of the rental income for the periods presented.
Our Advisor believes that utilizing borrowing is consistent with our investment objective of maximizing the return to investors. By operating on a leveraged basis, we will have more funds available for investment in properties. This will allow us to make more investments than would otherwise be possible, resulting in a more diversified portfolio. There is no limitation on the amount we may borrow against any single improved property. However, under our charter, we are required to limit our borrowings to 75% of the greater of the aggregate cost (before deducting depreciation or other non-cash reserves) or the aggregate fair market value of our gross assets as of the date of any borrowing (and to 300% of our net assets (as defined in our charter)), unless excess borrowing is approved by a majority of the independent directors and disclosed to our stockholders in the next quarterly report along with the justification for such excess borrowing. As of December 31, 2010, we have maintained a disciplined approach with respect to borrowing, having a leverage ratio of 42.7% (long-term mortgage financing as a percentage of total real estate investments, at cost). In the event that we issue preferred stock that is entitled to a preference over the common stock in respect of
3
distributions or liquidation or is treated as debt under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), we will include it in the leverage restriction calculations, unless the issuance of the preferred stock is approved or ratified by our stockholders.
Our Advisor will use its best efforts to obtain financing on the most favorable terms available to us. Lenders may have recourse to certain of our assets in order to secure the repayment of the indebtedness.
Our OP may, with the approval of a majority of our independent directors, utilize unsecured revolving equity lines in connection with property acquisitions as opportunities present themselves, which equity shall be repaid as we raise common equity. Currently, we have one such equity line of up to $10.0 million provided by certain managing principals of American Realty Capital II, LLC, which as of December 31, 2010 has been paid in full.
In addition, short-term equity facilities may be obtained from third parties on a case-by-case basis as acquisition opportunities present themselves simultaneous with our capital raising efforts. We view the use of short-term equity facilities as an efficient and accretive means of acquiring real estate in advance of raising equity capital. Accordingly, we can take advantage of buying opportunities as we expand our fund raising activities. A third party contributed a total of approximately $8.0 million of preferred but unsecured equity towards the acquisition of the Harleysville Properties and the Rockland Properties. The preferred equity in the Rockland Properties was convertible into shares of common stock in the REIT. The balances have been paid in full.
In July 2010, we entered into a credit agreement with Capital One, N.A. (Capital One) to obtain a secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate maximum principal amount of $30.0 million. The proceeds of loans made under the credit agreement will be used to finance the acquisition of net leased, investment or non-investment grade properties. The initial term of the credit agreement is 30 months, which may be extended by 12 months, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions, including payment of an extension fee. Any loan made under the credit agreement shall bear floating interest at per annum rates equal to either one month LIBOR plus 3.25% or three month LIBOR plus 3.25%, at our sole option. In the event of a default, Capital One has the right to terminate its obligations under the credit agreement, including the funding of future loans, and to accelerate the payment on any unpaid principal amount of all outstanding loans. We have collateralized the line of credit with certain of our properties. The Capital One line of credit has been used from time to time in 2010 to purchase property. As of December 31, 2010, there were no amounts outstanding on the Capital One line of credit.
In August 2010, we entered into a credit agreement with U.S. Bank, N.A. (U.S. Bank) to obtain a secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate maximum principal amount of $20.0 million, which shall be increased to $30.0 million six months after closing. The proceeds of loans made under the credit agreement will be used to finance the acquisition of net leased, investment or non-investment grade properties. The initial term of the credit agreement is 24 months, with a one-time extension option of 12 months, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions, including payment of an extension fee. Any loan made under the credit agreement shall bear floating interest at a per annum rate equal to one month LIBOR plus 3.25%. In the event of a default, U.S. Bank has the right to suspend the funding of future loans and to accelerate the payment on any unpaid principal amount of the outstanding loans. We intend to collateralize the line of credit with certain properties which we currently own or will acquire. As of December 31, 2010, there were no amounts outstanding on the U.S. Bank line of credit.
Since our inception, we have mitigated interest-rate volatility by swapping variable rates on debt to fixed rates by utilizing derivative instruments.
4
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required, among other things, to generally make aggregate annual distributions to our stockholders of at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP, determined without regard to the deduction for distributions paid and excluding any net capital gain. Our board of directors may authorize distributions in excess of those required for us to maintain REIT status depending on our financial condition and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant. We calculate our monthly distributions based upon daily record and distribution declaration dates so investors may be entitled to distributions immediately upon purchasing our shares. The payment date is the 2nd day following each month-end to stockholders of record at the close of business each day during the applicable period.
The distribution is calculated based on stockholders of record each day during the applicable period at a rate that, if paid each day for a 365-day period, would equal a specified annualized rate based on a share price of $10.00. The initial annualized rate was 6.5% based on the share price of $10.00. On November 5, 2008, the board of directors of approved an increase in its annual cash distribution from $0.65 to $0.67 per share. Based on a $10.00 share price, this 20 basis point increase, effective January 2, 2009, resulted in an annualized distribution rate of 6.7%. On April 1, 2010, our daily distribution rate increased by another 30 basis points, resulting in an annualized distribution rate of 7.0%. During the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, distributions totaled $20.9 million and $3.2 million, respectively, inclusive of $9.3 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of common shares issued under the DRIP. Distribution payments are dependent on the availability of funds. Our board of directors may reduce the amount of distributions paid or suspend distribution payments at any time and therefore distribution payments are not assured.
We, our board of directors and Advisor share a similar philosophy with respect to paying our distribution. The distribution should principally be derived from cash flows generated from real estate operations. In order to improve our operating cash flows and our ability to pay distributions from operating cash flows, our related party Advisor agreed to waive certain fees including asset management and property management fees. The Company pays the Advisor an annualized asset management fee of 1.0% based on the aggregate contract purchase price of all properties. During the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company paid asset management fees to the Advisor of $1.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The Advisor has elected to waive the remainder of its asset management fee through December 31, 2010, and will determine if a portion or all of such fees will be waived in subsequent periods on a quarter-to-quarter basis. Such fees waived during the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 were $4.0 million and $1.8 million, respectively. The fees that were waived relating to the activity during 2010 and 2009 are not deferrals and accordingly, will not be paid by the Company. Because the Advisor waived certain fees that we owed, cash flow from operations that would have been paid to the Advisor was available to pay distributions to our stockholders. The amount of the asset management fee will be reduced to the extent that funds from operations (FFO) as adjusted, during the six months ending on the last day of the calendar quarter immediately preceding the date such asset management fee is payable, is less than the distributions declared with respect to the six month period. For purposes of this determination, FFO, as adjusted, is FFO (as defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or NAREIT), adjusted to (i) include acquisition fees and related expenses which is deducted in computing FFO; (ii) include non-cash restricted stock grant amortization, if any, which is deducted in computing FFO; and (iii) include impairments of real estate related investments, if any (including properties, loans receivable and equity and debt investments) which is deducted in computing FFO. In certain instances, the Advisor may elect to absorb a portion of general and administrative costs that we would otherwise pay to improve our working capital.
As our real estate portfolio matures, we expect cash flows from operations to cover a more significant portion of our distributions and over time to cover distributions. As the cash flows from operations become more significant our Advisor may discontinue its past practice of forgiving fees and may charge the entire fee in accordance with our agreements with the Advisor. There can be no assurance that the Advisor will continue to waive asset management or property management fees beyond the agreed upon limits in the future.
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The following is a chart of monthly distributions declared and paid during the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 (in thousands):
Total | Cash | Distribution Reinvestment Plan |
||||||||||
2010: |
||||||||||||
January(1) | $ | 1,498 | $ | 855 | $ | 643 | ||||||
February | 866 | 485 | 381 | |||||||||
March | 864 | 481 | 383 | |||||||||
April | 1,086 | 601 | 485 | |||||||||
May | 1,263 | 696 | 567 | |||||||||
June | 1,496 | 822 | 674 | |||||||||
July | 1,637 | 894 | 743 | |||||||||
August | 1,895 | 1,028 | 867 | |||||||||
September | 2,148 | 1,174 | 974 | |||||||||
October | 2,382 | 1,328 | 1,054 | |||||||||
November | 2,775 | 1,558 | 1,217 | |||||||||
December | 3,034 | 1,704 | 1,330 | |||||||||
Total 2010 | $ | 20,944 | $ | 11,626 | $ | 9,318 | ||||||
2009: |
||||||||||||
January | $ | 69 | $ | 46 | $ | 23 | ||||||
February | 76 | 50 | 26 | |||||||||
March | 75 | 49 | 26 | |||||||||
April | 101 | 64 | 37 | |||||||||
May | 129 | 79 | 50 | |||||||||
June | 180 | 107 | 73 | |||||||||
July | 217 | 127 | 90 | |||||||||
August | 290 | 177 | 113 | |||||||||
September | 376 | 220 | 156 | |||||||||
October | 455 | 265 | 190 | |||||||||
November | 564 | 329 | 235 | |||||||||
December | 643 | 375 | 268 | |||||||||
Total 2009 | $ | 3,175 | $ | 1,888 | $ | 1,287 |
(1) | Includes the special distribution paid on January 19, 2010 to stockholders of record as of December 31, 2009. |
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code, effective for our taxable year ended December 31, 2008. We believe that, commencing with such taxable year, we are organized and operate in such a manner as to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code. We intend to continue to operate in such a manner to qualify for taxation as a REIT, but no assurance can be given that we will operate in a manner so as to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. Pursuant to our charter, our board of directors has the authority to make any tax elections on our behalf that, in their sole judgment, are in our best interest. This authority includes the ability to elect not to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes or, after qualifying as a REIT to revoke or otherwise terminate our status as a REIT. Our board of directors has the authority under our charter to make these elections without the necessity of obtaining the approval of our stockholders. In addition, our board of directors has the authority to waive any restrictions and limitations contained in our charter that are intended to preserve our status as a REIT during any period in which our board of directors has determined not to pursue or preserve our status as a REIT.
6
The United States commercial real estate investment market continues to be highly competitive. We actively compete with many other entities engaged in the acquisition and operation of commercial properties. As such, we compete for a limited supply of properties and financing for these properties that meet our investment criteria. Investors include large institutional investors, pension funds, REITs, insurance companies, as well as foreign and private investors. These entities may have greater financial resources than we do. This increased competition in the commercial real estate and finance markets may limit the number of suitable properties available to us and result in higher pricing, lower yields and an increased cost of funds. These factors could also result in delays in the investment of proceeds from our on-going initial public offering.
Our investments are subject to various federal, state, local and foreign laws, ordinances and regulations, including, among other things, zoning regulations, land use controls, environmental controls relating to air and water quality, noise pollution and indirect environmental impacts such as increased motor vehicle activity. We believe that we have all permits and approvals necessary under current law to operate our investments.
As an owner of real estate, we are subject to various environmental laws of federal, state and local governments. Compliance with existing laws has not had a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations, and management does not believe it will have such an impact in the future. However, we cannot predict the impact of unforeseen environmental contingencies or new or changed laws or regulations on properties in which we hold an interest, or on properties that may be acquired directly or indirectly in the future. We hire third parties to conduct Phase I environmental reviews of the real property that we intend to purchase.
We have no direct employees. The employees of the Advisor and other affiliates perform a full range of real estate services for us, including acquisitions, property management, accounting, legal, asset management, wholesale brokerage and investor relations services.
We are dependent on these affiliates for services that are essential to us, including the sale of shares of our common stock, asset acquisition decisions, property management and other general administrative responsibilities. In the event that any of these companies were unable to provide these services to us, we would be required to provide such services ourselves or obtain such services from other sources.
Our current business consists of owning, managing, operating, leasing, acquiring, investing in and disposing of real estate assets. All of our consolidated revenues are from our consolidated real estate properties. We internally evaluate operating performance on an individual property level and view all of our real estate assets as one industry segment, and, accordingly, all of our properties are aggregated into one reportable segment. Please see Part IV, Item 15 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules included elsewhere in this annual report for more detailed financial information.
We electronically file annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports, and proxy statements, with the SEC. We also filed with the SEC our registration statement in connection with our current offering. You may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SECs Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549, or you may obtain information by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an internet address at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy statements and information statements, and other information, which you may obtain free of charge. In addition, copies of our filings with the SEC may be obtained from the website maintained for us and our affiliates at www.americanrealtycap.com.
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Except as described in this annual report on Form 10-K, we have limited operating history and you should not rely upon the past performance of other real estate investment programs sponsored by affiliates of our Advisor to predict our future results. We were incorporated on August 17, 2007. We have limited investments in real estate or otherwise. Although Mr. Schorsch, Mr. Kahane and other members of our Advisors management have significant experience in the acquisition, finance, management and development of commercial real estate, the prior performance of real estate investment programs sponsored by affiliates of Mr. Schorsch, Mr. Kahane and our Advisor may not be indicative of our future results.
You should consider our prospects in light of the risks, uncertainties and difficulties frequently encountered by companies that are, like us, in their early stage of development. To be successful in this market, we must, among other things:
| identify and acquire investments that further our investment strategies; |
| increase awareness of the American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. name within the investment products market; |
| expand and maintain our network of licensed securities brokers and other agents; |
| attract, integrate, motivate and retain qualified personnel to manage our day-to-day operations; |
| respond to competition for our targeted real estate properties and other investments as well as for potential investors; and |
| continue to build and expand our operations structure to support our business. |
We cannot guarantee that we will succeed in achieving these goals, and our failure to do so could cause you to lose all or a portion of your investment.
We have not yet acquired or identified all of the investments that we will make with the net proceeds of our on-going initial public offering. Additionally, we will not provide you with information to evaluate our investments prior to our acquisition of properties. We seek to invest substantially all of the offering proceeds available for investment, after the payment of fees and expenses, in the acquisition of freestanding, single-tenant commercial properties net leased to investment grade or other creditworthy tenants. We may also, in the discretion of our Advisor, invest in other types of real estate or in entities that invest in real estate. We will acquire or invest in properties located only in the United States and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. In addition, our Advisor may make or invest in mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans or participations therein on our behalf if our board of directors determines, due to the state of the real estate market or in order to diversify our investment portfolio or otherwise, that such investments are advantageous to us. We have established policies relating to the creditworthiness of tenants of our properties, but our board of directors will have wide discretion in implementing these policies, and you will not have the opportunity to evaluate potential tenants.
There currently is no public market for our shares and there may never be one. If you are able to find a buyer for your shares, you may not sell your shares unless the buyer meets applicable suitability and minimum purchase standards. Our charter also prohibits the ownership of more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of our outstanding shares of stock or more than 9.8% (in value or in number of shares, whichever is
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more restrictive) of any class or series of shares of our stock by a single investor, unless exempted by our board of directors, which may inhibit large investors from desiring to purchase your shares. Moreover, our share repurchase program includes numerous restrictions that would limit your ability to sell your shares to us. Our board of directors reserves the right, in its sole discretion, at any time and from time to time, to amend the terms of, suspend or terminate our share repurchase program upon thirty days notice. Additionally, our board of directors reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to reject an individual stockholders request for redemption for any reason at any time. Therefore, it will be difficult for you to sell your shares promptly or at all. If you are able to sell your shares, you will likely have to sell them at a substantial discount to the price you paid for the shares. It also is likely that your shares would not be accepted as the primary collateral for a loan. You should purchase the shares only as a long-term investment because of the illiquid nature of the shares.
Our ability to achieve our investment objectives and to pay distributions to our stockholders is dependent upon the performance of our Advisor in selecting investments for us to acquire, selecting tenants for our properties and securing independent financing arrangements. Except for stockholders who purchased shares of our common stock in our offering after such time as we supplemented our prospectus to describe one or more identified investments, our stockholders generally have no opportunity to evaluate the terms of transactions or other economic or financial data concerning our investments. Our stockholders must rely entirely on the management ability of our Advisor and the oversight of our board of directors. Our Advisor may not be successful in identifying suitable investments on financially attractive terms or, if it identifies suitable investments, our investment objectives will be achieved. If we, through our Advisor, are unable to continue to find suitable investments, we will hold the proceeds of our offering in an interest-bearing account or invest the proceeds in short-term, investment-grade investments. In such an event, our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders would be adversely affected.
We could suffer from delays in locating suitable investments, particularly as a result of our reliance on our Advisor at times when management of our Advisor is simultaneously seeking to locate suitable investments for other affiliated programs, including American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc., or Recovery REIT, Phillips Edison ARC Shopping Center REIT, Inc., or PEARC, American Realty Capital Healthcare Trust, Inc., or ARC HT, American Realty Capital Retail Centers of America, Inc., or ARC RCA, and Business Development Corporation of America, Inc., or BDCA, each of which is an American Realty Capital sponsored program that has been declared effective by the SEC, in addition to American Realty Capital Trust II, Inc., or ARCT II, American Realty Capital Trust III, or ARCT III, ARC Northcliffe Income Properties, Inc., or ARC Northcliffe and American Realty Capital Properties, Inc., or ARCP, each of which is an American Realty Capital sponsored program that is currently in registration with the SEC. Delays we encounter in the selection, acquisition and, in the event we develop properties, development of income-producing properties, likely would adversely affect our ability to make distributions and the value of your overall returns. In such event, we may pay all or a substantial portion of our distributions from the proceeds of our on-going initial public offering or from borrowings in anticipation of future cash flow, which may constitute a return of your capital. Distributions from the proceeds of our public offering or from borrowings also could reduce the amount of capital we ultimately invest in properties. This, in turn, would reduce the value of your investment. In particular, where we acquire properties prior to the start of construction or during the early stages of construction, it will typically take several months to complete construction and rent available space. Therefore, you could suffer delays in the receipt of cash distributions attributable to those particular properties. If our Advisor is unable to obtain suitable investments, we will hold the proceeds of our public offering in an interest-bearing account or invest the proceeds in short-term, investment-grade investments.
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Our success depends to a significant degree upon the contributions of certain of our executive officers and other key personnel of our Advisor, including Nicholas S. Schorsch and William M. Kahane, each of whom would be difficult to replace. Our Advisor does not have an employment agreement with any of these key personnel and we cannot guarantee that all, or any particular one, will remain affiliated with us and/or our Advisor. If any of our key personnel were to cease their affiliation with our Advisor, our operating results could suffer. We maintain separate key man life insurance policies on each of Nicholas S. Schorsch, William M. Kahane, Brian S. Block, Peter M. Budko and Edward M. Weil, Jr. We believe that our future success depends, in large part, upon our Advisors ability to hire and retain highly skilled managerial, operational and marketing personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense, and we cannot assure you that our Advisor will be successful in attracting and retaining such skilled personnel. If our Advisor loses or is unable to obtain the services of key personnel, our ability to implement our investment strategies could be delayed or hindered, and the value of your investment may decline.
Maryland law provides that a director has no liability in that capacity if he or she performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the corporations best interests and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. Our charter, in the case of our directors, officers, employees and agents, and the advisory agreement, in the case of our Advisor, generally require us to indemnify our directors, officers, employees and agents and our Advisor and its affiliates for actions taken by them in good faith and without negligence or misconduct. Additionally, our charter limits the liability of our directors and officers subject to the conditions imposed by Maryland law, subject to the limitations required by the Statement of Policy Regarding Real Estate Investment Trusts published by the North American Securities Administrators Associations, also known as the NASAA REIT Guidelines. Although our charter does not allow us to exonerate and indemnify our directors and officers to a greater extent than permitted under Maryland law and the NASAA REIT Guidelines, we and our stockholders may have more limited rights against our directors, officers, employees and agents, and our Advisor and its affiliates, than might otherwise exist under common law, which could reduce your and our recovery against them. In addition, we may be obligated to fund the defense costs incurred by our directors, officers, employees and agents or our Advisor in some cases which would decrease the cash otherwise available for distribution to you.
We will be subject to conflicts of interest arising out of our relationships with our Advisor and its affiliates, including the material conflicts discussed below.
Our executive officers and officers of our Advisor are part of the senior management or are key personnel of the other eight American Realty Capital-sponsored REITs and their Advisors. Four of the American Realty Capital-sponsored REITs, have registration statements that are not yet effective and are in the development phase, and four of the American Realty Capital-sponsored REITs have registration statements that became effective in the past six months. As a result, such REITs will have concurrent and/or overlapping fundraising, acquisition, operational and disposition and liquidation phases as us, which may cause conflicts of interest to arise throughout the life of our company with respect to, among other things, finding investors, locating and acquiring properties, entering into leases and disposing of properties. Additionally, based on our Sponsors experience, a significantly greater time commitment is required of senior management during the development
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stage when the REIT is being organized, funds are initially being raised and funds are initially being invested, and less time is required as additional funds are raised and the offering matures. The conflicts of interest each of our executive officers and each officer of our Advisor will face may delay our fund raising and investment of our proceeds due to the competing time demands and generally cause our operating results to suffer.
The American Realty Capital group of companies is currently the sponsor of nine public offerings of non-traded REIT shares and one public offering of shares for a REIT that has applied for listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market, which offerings will be ongoing during a significant portion of our offering period. These programs all have filed registration statements for the offering of common stock and intend to elect to be taxed as REITs. The offerings will likely occur concurrently with our offering, and our Sponsor is likely to Sponsor other offerings during our offering period. Our Dealer Manager is the Dealer Manager for these other offerings. We will compete for investors with these other programs, and the overlap of these offerings with our offering could adversely affect our ability to raise all the capital we seek in this offering, the timing of sales of our shares and the amount of proceeds we have to spend on real estate investments.
Affiliates of our Advisor have sponsored other real estate investment programs including Recovery REIT, PEARC, ARC HT, ARC RCA, ARCT II, ARCT III, ARC Northcliffe and ARCP. Recovery REIT intends to acquire quality income-producing commercial real estate, as well as make real estate investments that relate to office, retail, multi-family residential, industrial and hotel property types, located in the New York metropolitan area, primarily New York City. PEARC intends to invest primarily in necessity-based neighborhood and community shopping centers throughout the United States, with a focus on grocery anchored shopping centers. ARC HT intends to invest primarily in medical office buildings and healthcare-related facilities in the United States. ARC RCA intends to invest primarily in existing anchored, stabilized core retail properties, including power centers, lifestyle centers, grocery-anchored shopping centers and other need-based shopping centers located in the United States and at least 80% leased at the time of acquisition. ARCT II intends to invest primarily in free-standing, single-tenant bank branch, convenience store, retail, office and industrial properties that are double-net and triple-net leased to investment grade and other creditworthy tenants. ARCT III intends to invest primarily in free-standing retail properties that are double-net and triple-net leased to investment grade and other creditworthy tenants. ARC Northcliffe intends to invest primarily in tenant commercial properties and lease them back to the sellers pursuant to leases generally having terms of at least ten years in the United States and Europe. ARCP intends to invest in commercial properties with medium term net leases. Affiliates of our Advisor may sponsor additional other real estate investment programs in the future. We may buy properties at the same time and/or in the same geographic areas as one or more of the other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs managed by officers and key personnel of our Advisor. There is a risk our Advisor will choose a property that provides lower returns to us than a property purchased by another American Realty Capital-sponsored program. We cannot be sure that officers and key personnel acting on behalf of our Advisor and on behalf of managers of other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs will act in our best interests when deciding whether to allocate any particular property to us. Also, although our board of directors adopted a policy whereby we may not acquire properties from affiliated entities, we may in the future, with the approval of our board, change our policy and acquire properties from, or sell properties to, other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs, and although we will do so consistent with our investment procedures, objectives and policies, transactions entered between us and our affiliates will not be subject to arms-length negotiations, which could mean that the acquisitions may be on terms less favorable to us than those negotiated with unaffiliated parties. However, our charter provides that the purchase price of any property acquired from an affiliate may not exceed its fair market value as determined by a qualified independent appraiser selected by our independent directors. In addition, a majority of our directors, including a majority of independent directors, who have no financial interest in the transaction, must determine that the transaction is fair and reasonable to us and that the transaction is at a price to us not greater than the cost to our affiliate or, if the price to us exceeds the cost paid by our affiliate, that there is substantial justification for the excess cost. Furthermore, if one of the other American Realty
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Capital-sponsored programs attracts a tenant that we are competing for, we could suffer a loss of revenue due to delays in locating another suitable tenant. You will not have the opportunity to evaluate the manner in which these conflicts of interest are resolved before or after making your investment. Similar conflicts of interest may apply if our Advisor determines to make or purchase mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans or participations therein on our behalf, since other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs may be competing with us for these investments.
We may enter into joint ventures with other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs for the acquisition, development or improvement of properties. Our Advisor may have conflicts of interest in determining which American Realty Capital-sponsored program should enter into any particular joint venture agreement. The co-venturer may have economic or business interests or goals that are or may become inconsistent with our business interests or goals. In addition, our Advisor may face a conflict in structuring the terms of the relationship between our interests and the interest of the affiliated co-venturer and in managing the joint venture. Since our Advisor and its affiliates will control both the affiliated co-venturer and, to a certain extent, us, agreements and transactions between the co-venturers with respect to any such joint venture will not have the benefit of arms-length negotiation of the type normally conducted between unrelated co-venturers, which may result in the co-venturer receiving benefits greater than the benefits that we receive. In addition, we may assume liabilities related to the joint venture that exceeds the percentage of our investment in the joint venture.
Our Advisor and its officers and employees and certain of our key personnel and their respective affiliates are key personnel, general partners and sponsors of other real estate programs having investment objectives and legal and financial obligations similar to ours and may have other business interests as well. Because these persons have competing demands on their time and resources, they may have conflicts of interest in allocating their time between our business and these other activities. During times of intense activity in other programs and ventures, they may devote less time and fewer resources to our business than is necessary or appropriate. If this occurs, the returns on our investments may suffer.
Each of our executive officers, including Nicholas S. Schorsch, who also serves as the chairman of our board of directors, and William M. Kahane, president and chief operating officer, also are officers of our Advisor, our Property Manager, our Dealer Manager and other affiliated entities. As a result, these individuals owe fiduciary duties to these other entities and their stockholders and limited partners, which fiduciary duties may conflict with the duties that they owe to us or our stockholders. Their loyalties to these other entities could result in actions or inactions that are detrimental to our business, which could harm the implementation of our business strategy and our investment and leasing opportunities. Conflicts with our business and interests are most likely to arise from involvement in activities related to (a) allocation of new investments and management time and services between us and the other entities, (b) our purchase of properties from, or sale of properties, to affiliated entities, (c) the timing and terms of the investment in or sale of an asset, (d) development of our properties by affiliates, (e) investments with affiliates of our Advisor, (f) compensation to our Advisor, and (g) our relationship with our Dealer Manager and Property Manager. If we do not successfully implement our business strategy, we may be unable to generate cash needed to make distributions to you and to maintain or increase the value of our assets.
Under our advisory agreement, our Advisor or its affiliates will be entitled to fees that are structured in a manner intended to provide incentives to our Advisor to perform in our best interests and in the best interests of our stockholders. However, because our Advisor does not maintain a significant equity interest in us and is
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entitled to receive substantial minimum compensation regardless of performance, our Advisors interests are not wholly aligned with those of our stockholders. In that regard, our Advisor could be motivated to recommend riskier or more speculative investments in order for us to generate the specified levels of performance or sales proceeds that would entitle our Advisor to fees. In addition, our Advisors or its affiliates entitlement to fees upon the sale of our assets and to participate in sale proceeds could result in our Advisor recommending sales of our investments at the earliest possible time at which sales of investments would produce the level of return that would entitle our Advisor to compensation relating to such sales, even if continued ownership of those investments might be in our best long-term interest. Our advisory agreement will require us to pay a performance-based termination fee to our Advisor or its affiliates in the event that we terminate our Advisor prior to the listing of our shares for trading on an exchange or, absent such listing, in respect of its participation in net sales proceeds. To avoid paying this fee, our independent directors may decide against terminating the advisory agreement prior to our listing of our shares or disposition of our investments even if, but for the termination fee, termination of the advisory agreement would be in our best interest. In addition, the requirement to pay the fee to our Advisor or its affiliates at termination could cause us to make different investment or disposition decisions than we would otherwise make, in order to satisfy our obligation to pay the fee to the terminated Advisor. Moreover, our Advisor will have the right to terminate the advisory agreement upon a change of control of our company and thereby trigger the payment of the performance fee, which could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing the change of control.
Proskauer Rose LLP acts as legal counsel to us and also represents our Advisor and some of its affiliates. There is a possibility in the future that the interests of the various parties may become adverse and, under the Code of Professional Responsibility of the legal profession, Proskauer Rose LLP may be precluded from representing any one or all of such parties. If any situation arises in which our interests appear to be in conflict with those of our Advisor or its affiliates, additional counsel may be retained by one or more of the parties to assure that their interests are adequately protected. Moreover, should a conflict of interest not be readily apparent, Proskauer Rose LLP may inadvertently act in derogation of the interest of the parties which could affect our ability to meet our investment objectives.
An affiliate of our Advisor has developed a program to facilitate real estate acquisitions for persons (1031 Participants) who seek to reinvest proceeds from a real estate sale and qualify that reinvestment for like-kind exchange treatment under Section 1031 of the Code (Section 1031 Exchange Program). The Section 1031 Exchange Program involves a private placement of co-tenancy interests in real estate. There are significant tax and securities disclosure risks associated with these private placement offerings of co-tenancy interests to 1031 Participants. For example, in the event that the Internal Revenue Service conducts an audit of the purchasers of co tenancy interests and successfully challenges the qualification of the transaction as a like-kind exchange, purchasers of co-tenancy interests may file a lawsuit against the entity offering the co-tenancy interests and its sponsors. We anticipate providing certain financial guarantees, in the event co-tenancy interests in such offerings are not sold and could therefore be named in or otherwise required to defend against lawsuits brought by 1031 Participants. Any amounts we are required to expend for any such litigation claims may reduce the amount of funds available for distribution to you. In addition, disclosure of any such litigation may limit our future ability to raise additional capital through the sale of stock or borrowings. As of December 31, 2010, we have engaged in 6 Section 1031 Exchange Programs raising aggregate proceeds of $15.2 million.
Our participation in the Section 1031 Exchange Program involves an obligation to purchase any co-tenancy interests in a property that remain unsold at the completion of a Section 1031 Exchange Program private placement offering. Accordingly, we could be required to purchase the unsold co-tenancy interests and thus become subject to the risks of ownership of properties in a co-tenancy arrangement with unrelated third parties.
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Ownership of co-tenancy interests involves risks not otherwise present with an investment in real estate such as the following:
| the risk that a co-tenant may at any time have economic or business interests or goals that are inconsistent with our business interests or goals; |
| the risk that a co-tenant may be in a position to take action contrary to our instructions or requests or contrary to our policies or objectives; or |
| the possibility that a co-tenant might become insolvent or bankrupt, which may be an event of default under mortgage loan financing documents, or allow the bankruptcy court to reject the tenants-in-common agreement or management agreement entered into by the co-tenants owning interests in the property. |
Any of the above might subject a property to liabilities in excess of those contemplated and thus reduce your returns. In the event that our interests become adverse to those of the other co-tenants, we may not have the contractual right to purchase the co-tenancy interests from the other co-tenants. Even if we are given the opportunity to purchase such co-tenancy interests in the future, we cannot guarantee that we will have sufficient funds available at the time to purchase co-tenancy interests from the 1031 Participants. We might want to sell our co-tenancy interests in a given property at a time when the other cotenants in such property do not desire to sell their interests. Therefore, we may not be able to sell our interest in a property at the time we would like to sell. In addition, we anticipate that it will be much more difficult to find a willing buyer for our co-tenancy interests in a property than it would be to find a buyer for a property we owned entirely.
Institutional lenders may view our obligations under agreements to acquire unsold co-tenancy interests in properties as a contingent liability against our cash or other assets, which may limit our ability to borrow funds in the future. Lenders providing lines of credit may restrict our ability to draw on our lines of credit by the amount of our potential obligation. Further, our lenders may view such obligations in such a manner as to limit our ability to borrow funds based on regulatory restrictions on lenders that limit the amount of loans they can make to any one borrower. These events could limit our operating flexibility and our ability to make distributions to you.
Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT. Unless exempted by our board of directors, no person may own more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate our outstanding shares of stock or more than 9.8% (in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of any class or series of shares of our stock. This and other restrictions in our charter on the ownership and transfer of our stock may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might provide a premium price for holders of our common stock.
Our charter permits our board of directors to issue up to 250.0 million shares of stock. In addition, our board of directors, without any action by our stockholders, may amend our charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares or the number of shares of any class or series of stock that we have authority to issue. Our board of directors may classify or reclassify any unissued preferred stock
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and establish the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of repurchase of any such stock. Thus, our board of directors could authorize the issuance of preferred stock with terms and conditions that could have a priority as to distributions and amounts payable upon liquidation over the rights of the holders of our common stock. Preferred stock could also have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might provide a premium price for holders of our common stock.
Under Maryland law, business combinations between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. An interested stockholder is defined as:
| any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the corporations outstanding voting stock; or |
| an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding voting stock of the corporation. |
A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which he or she otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in approving a transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board.
After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between the Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors of the corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:
| 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation; and |
| two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder. |
These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if the corporations common stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined under Maryland law, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares. The business combination statute permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations that are exempted by the board of directors prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Pursuant to the statute, our board of directors has exempted any business combination involving Our Advisor or any affiliate of our Advisor. Consequently, the five-year prohibition and the super-majority vote requirements will not apply to business combinations between us and our Advisor or any affiliate of our Advisor. As a result, our Advisor and any affiliate of our Advisor may be able to enter into business combinations with us that may not be in the best interest of our stockholders, without compliance with the super-majority vote requirements and the other provisions of the statute. The business combination statute may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer.
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The Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act provides that control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share acquisition have no voting rights except to the extent approved by stockholders by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Shares of stock owned by the acquirer, by officers or by directors who are employees of the corporation, are excluded from shares entitled to vote on the matter. Control shares are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer can exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy) would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within specified ranges of voting power. Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A control share acquisition means the acquisition of issued and outstanding control shares. The control share acquisition statute does not apply (a) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (b) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation. Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the Control Share Acquisition Act any and all acquisitions of our stock by any person. There can be no assurance that this provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future.
We are not registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (Investment Company Act). Under Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the Investment Company Act, a company is deemed to be an investment company if it is engaged, or proposes to engage, in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and owns or propose to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets on an unconsolidated basis, which we refer to as the 40 test. If we would ever inadvertently fall within one of the definitions of investment company, we intend to rely on the exception provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act and certain No-Action Letters from the SEC. Under Section 3(c)(5)(C), the SEC staff generally requires a company to maintain at least 55% of its assets directly in qualifying assets and at least 80% of the entitys assets in qualifying assets and in a broader category of real estate related assets to qualify for this exception. Mortgage-related securities may or may not constitute such qualifying assets, depending on the characteristics of the mortgage-related securities, including the rights that we have with respect to the underlying loans. Our ownership of mortgage-related securities, therefore, is limited by provisions of the Investment Company Act and SEC staff interpretations. We intend to monitor compliance with these requirements on an on-going basis. If we were obligated to register as an investment company, we would have to comply with a variety of substantive requirements under the Investment Company Act imposing, among other things:
| limitations on capital structure; |
| restrictions on specified investments; |
| prohibitions on transactions with affiliates; and |
| compliance with reporting, record keeping, voting, proxy disclosure and other rules and regulations that would significantly change our operations. |
In order to maintain our exemption from regulation under the Investment Company Act, we must engage primarily in the business of buying real estate, and these investments must be made within a year after the offering ends. If we are unable to invest a significant portion of the proceeds of our on-going initial public offering in properties within one year of the termination of the offering, we may avoid being required to register as an investment company by temporarily investing any unused proceeds in government securities with low returns. This would reduce the cash available for distribution to investors and possibly lower your returns.
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The method we use to classify our assets for purposes of the Investment Company Act will be based in large measure upon no-action positions taken by the SEC staff in the past. These no-action positions were issued in accordance with factual situations that may be substantially different from the factual situations we may face, and a number of these no-action positions were issued more than ten years ago. No assurance can be given that the SEC staff will concur with our classification of our assets. In addition, the SEC staff, may, in the future, issue further guidance that may require us to re-classify our assets for purposes of qualifying for an exclusion from regulation under the Investment Company Act. If we are required to re-classify our assets, we may no longer be in compliance with the exclusion from the definition of an investment company provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act.
To maintain compliance with the Investment Company Act exemption, we may be unable to sell assets we would otherwise want to sell and may need to sell assets we would otherwise wish to retain. In addition, we may have to acquire additional income or loss generating assets that we might not otherwise have acquired or may have to forgo opportunities to acquire interests in companies that we would otherwise want to acquire and would be important to our investment strategy. If we were required to register as an investment company but failed to do so, we would be prohibited from engaging in our business, and criminal and civil actions could be brought against us. In addition, our contracts would be unenforceable unless a court were to require enforcement, and a court could appoint a receiver to take control of us and liquidate our business.
You may vote on certain matters at any annual or special meeting of stockholders, including the election of directors. However, you will be bound by the majority vote on matters requiring approval of a majority of the stockholders even if you do not vote with the majority on any such matter.
Our board of directors determines our major policies, including our policies regarding investments, financing, growth, debt capitalization, REIT qualification and distributions. Our board of directors may amend or revise these and other policies without a vote of the stockholders. Under the Maryland General Corporation Law and our charter, our stockholders have a right to vote only on the following:
| the election or removal of directors; |
| amendments of our charter (including a change in our investment objectives), except certain amendments that do not adversely affect the rights, preferences and privileges of our stockholders; |
| our liquidation or dissolution; |
| a reorganization of our company, as provided in our charter; and |
| mergers, consolidations or sales or other dispositions of substantially all of our assets, as provided in our charter. |
All other matters are subject to the discretion of our board of directors.
Our charter requires that our independent directors review our investment policies at least annually to determine that the policies we are following are in the best interest of the stockholders. These policies may change over time. The methods of implementing our investment policies may also vary, as new real estate development trends emerge and new investment techniques are developed. Our investment policies, the methods for their implementation, and our other objectives, policies and procedures may be altered by our board of directors without the approval of our stockholders. As a result, the nature of your investment could change without your consent.
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Our board of directors may amend the terms of our share repurchase program without stockholder approval. Our board of directors reserves the right, in its sole discretion, at any time and from time to time, to amend the terms of, suspend or terminate our share repurchase program upon 30 days written notice. Additionally, our board of directors reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to reject an individual stockholders request for redemption for any reason at any time. In addition, the share repurchase program includes numerous restrictions that would limit your ability to sell your shares. Generally, you must have held your shares for at least one year in order to participate in our share repurchase program. If our board of directors authorizes a repurchase from legally available funds, we will limit the number of shares repurchased pursuant to our share repurchase program as follows: (a) during any calendar year, the number of shares we will redeem will be limited to the proceeds in the initial offerings distribution reinvestment plan (shares requested for repurchase upon the death of a stockholder will not be subject to this limitation); and (b) funding for the repurchase of shares will be limited to the net proceeds we receive from the sale of shares under our initial offerings distribution reinvestment plan. These limits might prevent us from accommodating all repurchase requests made in any year. These restrictions severely limit your ability to sell your shares should you require liquidity, and limit your ability to recover the value you invested or the fair market value of your shares.
Our board of directors has arbitrarily determined the selling price of the shares consistent with comparable real estate investment programs in the market, and such price bears no relationship to our book or asset values, or to any other established criteria for valuing issued or outstanding shares. Because the offering price is not based upon any independent valuation, the offering price is not indicative of the proceeds that you would receive upon liquidation.
The Dealer Manager, Realty Capital Securities, LLC, is one of our affiliates and will not make an independent review of us or the offering. Accordingly, you will have to rely on your own broker-dealer to make an independent review of the terms of this offering. If your broker-dealer does not conduct such a review, you will not have the benefit of an independent review of the terms of this offering. Further, the due diligence investigation of us by the Dealer Manager cannot be considered to be an independent review and, therefore, may not be as meaningful as a review conducted by an unaffiliated broker-dealer or investment banker.
Existing stockholders and potential investors in our on-going initial public offering do not have preemptive rights to any shares issued by us in the future. Our charter currently authorizes us to issue up to 250.0 million shares of stock, of which 240.0 million shares are designated as common stock and 10.0 million shares are designated as preferred stock.
Subject to any limitations set forth under Maryland law, our board of directors may increase the number of authorized shares of stock, increase or decrease the number of shares of any class or series of stock designated, or reclassify any unissued shares without the necessity of obtaining stockholder approval. All of such shares may be issued in the discretion of our board of directors. Existing stockholders and investors purchasing shares in our public offering likely will suffer dilution of their equity investment in us, in the event that we (a) sell shares in our public offering or sell additional shares in the future, including those issued pursuant to follow-on offerings or our distribution reinvestment plan, (b) sell securities that are convertible into shares of our common stock, (c) issue shares of our common stock in a private offering of securities to institutional investors, (d) issue shares of our common stock upon the exercise of the options granted to our independent directors, (e) issue shares to our Advisor, its successors or assigns, in payment of an outstanding
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fee obligation as set forth under our advisory agreement, or (f) issue shares of our common stock to sellers of properties acquired by us in connection with an exchange of limited partnership interests of the OP, existing stockholders and investors purchasing shares in our public offering will likely experience dilution of their equity investment in us. In addition, the partnership agreement for the OP contains provisions that would allow, under certain circumstances, other entities, including other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs, to merge into or cause the exchange or conversion of their interest for interests of the OP. Because the limited partnership units of the OP may, in the discretion of our board of directors, be exchanged for shares of our common stock, any merger, exchange or conversion between the OP. and another entity ultimately could result in the issuance of a substantial number of shares of our common stock, thereby diluting the percentage ownership interest of other stockholders. To the extent we issue additional equity interests after you purchase shares of our common stock, your percentage ownership interest in us will be diluted. In addition, depending upon the terms and pricing of any additional offerings and the value of our real properties and other real estate-related assets, you may also experience dilution in the book value and fair market value of your shares. Because of these and other reasons described in this Risk Factors section, you should not expect to be able to own a significant percentage of our shares.
Our Advisor and its affiliates will perform services for us in connection with the offer and sale of the shares, the selection and acquisition of our investments, and the management and leasing of our properties, the servicing of our mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans, if any, and the administration of our other investments. They are paid substantial fees for these services, which reduces the amount of cash available for investment in properties or distribution to stockholders.
There are many factors that can affect the availability and timing of cash distributions to stockholders. Distributions will be based principally on cash available from our operations. The amount of cash available for distributions is affected by many factors, such as our ability to buy properties as offering proceeds become available, rental income from such properties, and our operating expense levels, as well as many other variables. Actual cash available for distributions may vary substantially from estimates. We cannot assure you that we will be able to pay or maintain our current anticipated level of distributions or that distributions will increase over time. We cannot give any assurance that rents from the properties will increase, that the securities we buy will increase in value or provide constant or increased distributions over time, or that future acquisitions of real properties, mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans or any investments in securities will increase our cash available for distributions to stockholders. Our actual results may differ significantly from the assumptions used by our board of directors in establishing the distribution rate to stockholders. We may not have sufficient legally available cash from operations to make a distribution required to qualify for or maintain our REIT status. We may increase borrowing or use proceeds from our public offering to make distributions, each of which could be deemed to be a return of your capital. We may make distributions from the proceeds of our public offering or from borrowings in anticipation of future cash flow. Any such distributions will constitute a return of capital and may reduce the amount of capital we ultimately invest in properties and negatively impact the value of your investment.
Until 18 months after the termination of our public offering or the termination of any subsequent offering of our shares, we intend to use the offering price of shares in our most recent offering as the per share value (unless we have made a special distribution to stockholders of net sales proceeds from the sale of one or more properties prior to the date of determination of the per share value, in which case we will use the offering price less the per share amount of the special distribution). Beginning 18 months after the completion of the last offering of our shares (excluding offerings under our distribution reinvestment plan), our board of directors will determine the value of our properties and our other assets based on such information as our board determines appropriate, which may or may not include independent valuations of our properties or of
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our enterprise as a whole. We will disclose this net asset value to stockholders in our filings with the SEC. Therefore, you will not be able to determine the net asset value of your shares on an on-going basis during our public offering.
Our operating results are subject to risks generally incident to the ownership of real estate, including:
| changes in general economic or local conditions; |
| changes in supply of or demand for similar or competing properties in an area; |
| changes in interest rates and availability of permanent mortgage funds that may render the sale of a property difficult or unattractive; |
| changes in tax, real estate, environmental and zoning laws; and |
| periods of high interest rates and tight money supply. |
These and other reasons may prevent us from being profitable or from realizing growth or maintaining the value of our real estate properties.
We expect that many of our properties will be occupied by only one tenant or will derive a majority of their rental income from one tenant and, therefore, the success of those properties will be materially dependent on the financial stability of such tenants. Lease payment defaults by tenants could cause us to reduce the amount of distributions we pay. A default of a tenant on its lease payments to us would cause us to lose the revenue from the property and force us to find an alternative source of revenue to meet any mortgage payment and prevent a foreclosure if the property is subject to a mortgage. In the event of a default, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as landlord and may incur substantial costs in protecting our investment and re-letting the property. If a lease is terminated, there is no assurance that we will be able to lease the property for the rent previously received or sell the property without incurring a loss. A default by a tenant, the failure of a guarantor to fulfill its obligations or other premature termination of a lease, or a tenants election not to extend a lease upon its expiration, could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and our ability to pay distributions.
Any of our tenants, or any guarantor of a tenants lease obligations, could be subject to a bankruptcy proceeding pursuant to Title 11 of the bankruptcy laws of the United States. Such a bankruptcy filing would bar all efforts by us to collect pre-bankruptcy debts from these entities or their properties, unless we receive an enabling order from the bankruptcy court. Post-bankruptcy debts would be paid currently. If a lease is assumed, all pre-bankruptcy balances owing under it must be paid in full. If a lease is rejected by a tenant in bankruptcy, we would have a general unsecured claim for damages. If a lease is rejected, it is unlikely we would receive any payments from the tenant because our claim is capped at the rent reserved under the lease, without acceleration, for the greater of one year or 15% of the remaining term of the lease, but not greater than three years, plus rent already due but unpaid. This claim could be paid only in the event funds were available, and then only in the same percentage as that realized on other unsecured claims.
A tenant or lease guarantor bankruptcy could delay efforts to collect past due balances under the relevant leases, and could ultimately preclude full collection of these sums. Such an event could cause a decrease or cessation of rental payments that would mean a reduction in our cash flow and the amount available for distributions to you. In the event of a bankruptcy, we cannot assure you that the tenant or its trustee will
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assume our lease. If a given lease, or guaranty of a lease, is not assumed, our cash flow and the amounts available for distributions to you may be adversely affected.
We expect that our properties will be diverse according to geographic area and industry of our tenants. However, in the event that we have a concentration of properties in any particular geographic area, any adverse situation that disproportionately affects that geographic area would have a magnified adverse effect on our portfolio. Similarly, if our tenants are concentrated in a certain industry or industries, any adverse effect to that industry generally would have a disproportionately adverse effect on our portfolio.
We may enter into sale-leaseback transactions, whereby we would purchase a property and then lease the same property back to the person from whom we purchased it. In the event of the bankruptcy of a tenant, a transaction structured as a sale-leaseback may be re-characterized as either a financing or a joint venture, either of which outcomes could adversely affect our business. If the sale-leaseback were re-characterized as a financing, we might not be considered the owner of the property, and as a result would have the status of a creditor in relation to the tenant. In that event, we would no longer have the right to sell or encumber our ownership interest in the property. Instead, we would have a claim against the tenant for the amounts owed under the lease, with the claim arguably secured by the property. The tenant/debtor might have the ability to propose a plan restructuring the term, interest rate and amortization schedule of its outstanding balance. If confirmed by the bankruptcy court, we could be bound by the new terms, and prevented from foreclosing our lien on the property. If the sale-leaseback were re-characterized as a joint venture, our lessee and we could be treated as co-venturers with regard to the property. As a result, we could be held liable, under some circumstances, for debts incurred by the lessee relating to the property. Either of these outcomes could adversely affect our cash flow and the amount available for distributions to you.
A property may incur vacancies either by the continued default of tenants under their leases or the expiration of tenant leases. If vacancies continue for a long period of time, we will suffer reduced revenues which may result in less cash to be distributed to stockholders. In addition, because properties market values depend principally upon the value of the properties leases, the resale value of properties with prolonged vacancies could suffer, which could further reduce your return.
The seller of a property often sells such property in its as is condition on a where is basis and with all faults, without any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. In addition, purchase agreements may contain only limited warranties, representations and indemnifications that will only survive for a limited period after the closing. The purchase of properties with limited warranties increases the risk that we may lose some or all of our invested capital in the property as well as the loss of rental income from that property.
When tenants do not renew their leases or otherwise vacate their space, it is usual that, in order to attract replacement tenants, we will be required to expend substantial funds for tenant improvements and tenant refurbishments to the vacated space. In addition, although we expect that our leases with tenants will require tenants to pay routine property maintenance costs, we will likely be responsible for any major structural repairs, such as repairs to the foundation, exterior walls and rooftops. We will use substantially all of our on-going initial public offerings gross proceeds to buy real estate and pay various fees and expenses. We
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intend to reserve only 0.1% of the gross proceeds from our public offering for future capital needs. Accordingly, if we need additional capital in the future to improve or maintain our properties or for any other reason, we will have to obtain financing from other sources, such as cash flow from operations, borrowings, property sales or future equity offerings. These sources of funding may not be available on attractive terms or at all. If we cannot procure additional funding for capital improvements, our investments may generate lower cash flows or decline in value, or both.
The real estate market is affected by many factors, such as general economic conditions, availability of financing, interest rates and other factors, including supply and demand, that are beyond our control. We cannot predict whether we will be able to sell any property for the price or on the terms set by us, or whether any price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us. We cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a property.
We may be required to expend funds to correct defects or to make improvements before a property can be sold. We cannot assure you that we will have funds available to correct such defects or to make such improvements. Moreover, in acquiring a property, we may agree to restrictions that prohibit the sale of that property for a period of time or impose other restrictions, such as a limitation on the amount of debt that can be placed or repaid on that property. These provisions would restrict our ability to sell a property.
Many of our leases will not contain rental increases over time. Therefore, the value of the property to a potential purchaser may not increase over time, which may restrict our ability to sell a property, or in the event we are able to sell such property, may lead to a sale price less than the price that we paid to purchase the property.
Lock-out provisions, which preclude pre-payments of a loan, could materially restrict us from selling or otherwise disposing of or refinancing properties. These provisions would affect our ability to turn our investments into cash and thus affect cash available for distributions to investors. Lock out provisions may prohibit us from reducing the outstanding indebtedness with respect to any properties, refinancing such indebtedness on a non-recourse basis at maturity, or increasing the amount of indebtedness with respect to such properties. Lock-out provisions could impair our ability to take other actions during the lock-out period that could be in the best interests of our stockholders and, therefore, may have an adverse impact on the value of the shares, relative to the value that would result if the lock-out provisions did not exist. In particular, lock-out provisions could preclude us from participating in major transactions that could result in a disposition of our assets or a change in control even though that disposition or change in control might be in the best interests of our stockholders.
Any properties that we buy in the future will be, subject to operating risks common to real estate in general, any or all of which may negatively affect us. If any property is not fully occupied or if rents are being paid in an amount that is insufficient to cover operating expenses, we could be required to expend funds with respect to that property for operating expenses. The properties will be subject to increases in tax rates, utility costs, operating expenses, insurance costs, repairs and maintenance and administrative expenses. While we expect that many of our properties will be leased on a triple-net-lease basis or will require the tenants to pay all or a portion of such expenses, renewals of leases or future leases may not be negotiated on that basis, in which event we may have to pay those costs. If we are unable to lease properties on a triple-net-lease basis or on a basis requiring the tenants to pay all or some of such expenses, or if tenants fail to pay required tax, utility and other impositions, we could be required to pay those costs which could adversely affect funds available for future acquisitions or cash available for distributions.
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Recent events have exacerbated the general economic slowdown that has affected the nation as a whole and the local economies where our properties may be located. Economic weakness and higher unemployment, combined with higher costs, especially for energy, food and commodities, has put considerable pressure on consumer spending, which, along with the lack of available debt financing, has resulted in many U.S. companies experiencing poorer financial and operating performance over the past twelve months than in prior periods. As a result, this slowdown has reduced demand for space and removed support for rents and property values. Our operating results may be affected by the following market and economic challenges, which may result from a continued or exacerbated general economic slowdown experienced by the nation as a whole or by the local economics where our properties may be located:
| poor economic conditions may result in tenant defaults under leases; |
| re-leasing may require concessions or reduced rental rates under the new leases; and |
| increased insurance premiums may reduce funds available for distribution or, to the extent such increases are passed through to tenants, may lead to tenant defaults. Increased insurance premiums may make it difficult to increase rents to tenants on turnover, which may adversely affect our ability to increase our returns. |
A continuing environment of declining prices could further weaken real estate markets. We do not know how long the slowdown will last, or when, or even if, real estate markets will return to more normal conditions. Since we cannot predict when real estate markets may recover, the value of our properties may decline if market conditions persist or worsen. Further, the results of operations for a property in any one period may not be indicative of results in future periods, and the long-term performance of such property generally may not be comparable to, and cash flows may not be as predictable as, other properties owned by third parties in the same or similar industry. The already weak conditions in the real estate markets could be further exacerbated by a deterioration of national or regional economic conditions. Our property values and operations could be negatively affected to the extent that the current economic downturn is prolonged or becomes more severe.
Generally, each of our tenants will be responsible for insuring its goods and premises and, in some circumstances, may be required to reimburse us for a share of the cost of acquiring comprehensive insurance for the property, including casualty, liability, fire and extended coverage customarily obtained for similar properties in amounts that our Advisor determines are sufficient to cover reasonably foreseeable losses. Tenants of single-user properties leased on a triple-net-lease basis typically are required to pay all insurance costs associated with those properties. Material losses may occur in excess of insurance proceeds with respect to any property, as insurance may not be sufficient to fund the losses. However, there are types of losses, generally of a catastrophic nature, such as losses due to wars, acts of terrorism, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, pollution or environmental matters, which are either uninsurable or not economically insurable, or may be insured subject to limitations, such as large deductibles or co-payments. Insurance risks associated with potential terrorist acts could sharply increase the premiums we pay for coverage against property and casualty claims. Additionally, mortgage lenders in some cases have begun to insist that commercial property owners purchase specific coverage against terrorism as a condition for providing mortgage loans. It is uncertain whether such insurance policies will be available, or available at reasonable cost, which could inhibit our ability to finance or refinance our potential properties. In these instances, we may be required to provide other financial support, either through financial assurances or self-insurance, to cover potential losses. We may not have adequate, or any, coverage for such losses. The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 is designed for a sharing of terrorism losses between insurance companies and the federal government, and has been renewed until December 31, 2014. We cannot be certain how this act will impact us or what additional cost to us, if any, could result. If such an event damaged or destroyed one or more of our properties, we could lose both our invested capital and anticipated profits from such property.
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Some local real property tax assessors may seek to reassess some of our properties as a result of our acquisition of the property. Generally, from time to time our property taxes increase as property values or assessment rates change or for other reasons deemed relevant by the assessors. An increase in the assessed valuation of a property for real estate tax purposes will result in an increase in the related real estate taxes on that property. Although some tenant leases may permit us to pass through such tax increases to the tenants for payment, there is no assurance that renewal leases or future leases will be negotiated on the same basis. Increases not passed through to tenants will adversely affect our income, cash available for distributions, and the amount of distributions to you.
Some of our properties are contiguous to other parcels of real property, comprising part of the same commercial center. In connection with such properties, there are significant covenants, conditions and restrictions, known as CC&Rs, restricting the operation of such properties and any improvements on such properties, and related to granting easements on such properties. Moreover, the operation and management of the contiguous properties may impact such properties. Compliance with CC&Rs may adversely affect our operating costs and reduce the amount of funds that we have available to pay distributions.
While we do not currently intend to do so, we may use proceeds from our on-going initial public offering to acquire and develop properties upon which we will construct improvements. We will be subject to uncertainties associated with re-zoning for development, environmental concerns of governmental entities and/or community groups, and our builders ability to build in conformity with plans, specifications, budgeted costs, and timetables. If a builder fails to perform, we may resort to legal action to rescind the purchase or the construction contract or to compel performance. A builders performance may also be affected or delayed by conditions beyond the builders control. Delays in completion of construction could also give tenants the right to terminate preconstruction leases. We may incur additional risks when we make periodic progress payments or other advances to builders before they complete construction. These and other such factors can result in increased costs of a project or loss of our investment. In addition, we will be subject to normal lease-up risks relating to newly constructed projects. We also must rely on rental income and expense projections and estimates of the fair market value of property upon completion of construction when agreeing upon a price at the time we acquire the property. If our projections are inaccurate, we may pay too much for a property, and our return on our investment could suffer.
While we do not currently intend to do so, we may invest in unimproved real property. Returns from development of unimproved properties are also subject to risks associated with re-zoning the land for development and environmental concerns of governmental entities and/or community groups. Although we intend to limit any investment in unimproved property to property we intend to develop, your investment nevertheless is subject to the risks associated with investments in unimproved real property.
While we currently do not have an affiliated development company, our Sponsor and/or its affiliates may form a development company. In such an event, we may enter into one or more contracts, either directly or indirectly through joint ventures with affiliates or others, to acquire real property from an affiliate of our Advisor that is engaged in construction and development of commercial real properties. Properties acquired from an affiliated development company may be either existing income-producing properties, properties to be developed or properties under development. We anticipate that we will be obligated to pay a substantial earnest money deposit at the time of contracting to acquire such properties. In the case of properties to be developed by an affiliated development company, we anticipate that we will be required to close the purchase of the property upon completion of the development of the property by our affiliate. At the time of contracting
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and the payment of the earnest money deposit by us, our development company affiliate typically will not have acquired title to any real property. Typically, our development company affiliate will only have a contract to acquire land, a development agreement to develop a building on the land and an agreement with one or more tenants to lease all or part of the property upon its completion. We may enter into such a contract with our development company affiliate even if at the time of contracting we have not yet raised sufficient proceeds in our offering to enable us to close the purchase of such property. However, we will not be required to close a purchase from our development company affiliate, and will be entitled to a refund of our earnest money, in the following circumstances:
| our development company affiliate fails to develop the property; |
| all or a specified portion of the pre-leased tenants fail to take possession under their leases for any reason; or |
| we are unable to raise sufficient proceeds from our offering to pay the purchase price at closing. |
The obligation of our development company affiliate to refund our earnest money will be unsecured, and no assurance can be made that we would be able to obtain a refund of such earnest money deposit from it under these circumstances since our development company affiliate may be an entity without substantial assets or operations. However, our development company affiliates obligation to refund our earnest money deposit may be guaranteed by our Property Manager, which will enter into contracts to provide property management and leasing services to various American Realty Capital-sponsored programs, including us, for substantial monthly fees. As of the time our Property Manager may be required to perform under any guaranty, we cannot assure that our Property Manager will have sufficient assets to refund all of our earnest money deposit in a lump sum payment. If we were forced to collect our earnest money deposit by enforcing the guaranty of our Property Manager, we will likely be required to accept installment payments over time payable out of the revenues of our Property Managers operations. We cannot assure you that we would be able to collect the entire amount of our earnest money deposit under such circumstances.
We compete with many other entities engaged in real estate investment activities, including individuals, corporations, bank and insurance company investment accounts, other REITs, real estate limited partnerships, and other entities engaged in real estate investment activities, many of which have greater resources than we do. Larger REITs may enjoy significant competitive advantages that result from, among other things, a lower cost of capital and enhanced operating efficiencies. In addition, the number of entities and the amount of funds competing for suitable investments may increase. Any such increase would result in increased demand for these assets and therefore increased prices paid for them. If we pay higher prices for properties and other investments, our profitability will be reduced and you may experience a lower return on your investment.
Our properties typically are, and we expect will be, located in developed areas. Therefore, there are and will be numerous other properties within the market area of each of our properties that will compete with us for tenants. The number of competitive properties could have a material effect on our ability to rent space at our properties and the amount of rents charged. We could be adversely affected if additional competitive properties are built in locations competitive with our properties, causing increased competition for customer traffic and creditworthy tenants. This could result in decreased cash flow from tenants and may require us to make capital improvements to properties that we would not have otherwise made, thus affecting cash available for distributions, and the amount available for distributions to you.
There may be a substantial period of time before the proceeds of our on-going initial public offering are invested. Delays we encounter in the selection, acquisition and/or development of properties could adversely affect your returns. Where properties are acquired prior to the start of construction or during the early stages
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of construction, it will typically take several months to complete construction and rent available space. Therefore, you could suffer delays in the payment of cash distributions attributable to those particular properties.
All real property and the operations conducted on real property are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and human health and safety. These laws and regulations generally govern wastewater discharges, air emissions, the operation and removal of underground and above-ground storage tanks, the use, storage, treatment, transportation and disposal of solid and hazardous materials, and the remediation of contamination associated with disposals. Environmental laws and regulations may impose joint and several liability on tenants, owners or operators for the costs to investigate or remediate contaminated properties, regardless of fault or whether the acts causing the contamination were legal. This liability could be substantial. In addition, the presence of hazardous substances, or the failure to properly remediate these substances, may adversely affect our ability to sell, rent or pledge such property as collateral for future borrowings.
Some of these laws and regulations have been amended so as to require compliance with new or more stringent standards as of future dates. Compliance with new or more stringent laws or regulations or stricter interpretation of existing laws may require material expenditures by us. Future laws, ordinances or regulations may impose material environmental liability. Additionally, our tenants operations, the existing condition of land when we buy it, operations in the vicinity of our properties, such as the presence of underground storage tanks, or activities of unrelated third parties may affect our properties. In addition, there are various local, state and federal fire, health, life-safety and similar regulations with which we may be required to comply, and that may subject us to liability in the form of fines or damages for noncompliance. Any material expenditures, fines, or damages we must pay will reduce our ability to make distributions and may reduce the value of your investment.
State and federal laws in this area are constantly evolving, and we intend to monitor these laws and take commercially reasonable steps to protect ourselves from the impact of these laws, including obtaining environmental assessments of most properties that we acquire; however, we will not obtain an independent third-party environmental assessment for every property we acquire. In addition, any such assessment that we do obtain may not reveal all environmental liabilities or that a prior owner of a property did not create a material environmental condition not known to us. The cost of defending against claims of liability, of compliance with environmental regulatory requirements, of remediating any contaminated property, or of paying personal injury claims would materially adversely affect our business, assets or results of operations and, consequently, amounts available for distribution to you.
If we decide to sell any of our properties, we intend to use our best efforts to sell them for cash. However, in some instances we may sell our properties by providing financing to purchasers. When we provide financing to purchasers, we will bear the risk that the purchaser may default, which could negatively impact our cash distributions to stockholders. Even in the absence of a purchaser default, the distribution of the proceeds of sales to our stockholders, or their reinvestment in other assets, will be delayed until the promissory notes or other property we may accept upon the sale are actually paid, sold, refinanced or otherwise disposed of. In some cases, we may receive initial down payments in cash and other property in the year of sale in an amount less than the selling price and subsequent payments will be spread over a number of years. If any purchaser defaults under a financing arrangement with us, it could negatively impact our ability to pay cash distributions to our stockholders.
There is no guarantee that the mortgage, loan or deed of trust securing an investment will, following a default, permit us to recover the original investment and interest that would have been received absent a default. The security provided by a mortgage, deed of trust or loan is directly related to the difference between
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the amount owed and the appraised market value of the property. Although we intend to rely on a current real estate appraisal when we make the investment, the value of the property is affected by factors outside our control, including general fluctuations in the real estate market, rezoning, neighborhood changes, highway relocations and failure by the borrower to maintain the property. In addition, we may incur the costs of litigation in our efforts to enforce our rights under defaulted loans.
Our properties will be subject to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (the Disabilities Act). Under the Disabilities Act, all places of public accommodation are required to comply with federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. The Disabilities Act has separate compliance requirements for public accommodations and commercial facilities that generally require that buildings and services, including restaurants and retail stores, be made accessible and available to people with disabilities. The Disabilities Acts requirements could require removal of access barriers and could result in the imposition of injunctive relief, monetary penalties, or, in some cases, an award of damages. We will attempt to acquire properties that comply with the Disabilities Act or place the burden on the seller or other third party, such as a tenant, to ensure compliance with the Disabilities Act. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to acquire properties or allocate responsibilities in this manner. If we cannot, our funds used for Disabilities Act compliance may affect cash available for distributions and the amount of distributions to you.
U.S. and international markets are currently experiencing increased levels of volatility due to a combination of many factors, including decreasing values of home prices, limited access to credit markets, higher fuel prices and less consumer spending. The effects of the current market dislocation may persist as financial institutions continue to take the necessary steps to restructure their business and capital structures. As a result, this economic downturn has reduced demand for space and removed support for rents and property values. Since we cannot predict when the real estate markets will recover, the value of our properties may decline if current market conditions persist or worsen.
We expect a large portion of our rental income to come from net leases, which generally provide the tenant greater discretion in using the leased property than ordinary property leases, such as the right to freely sublease the property, to make alterations in the leased premises and to terminate the lease prior to its expiration under specified circumstances. Furthermore, net leases typically have longer lease terms and, thus, there is an increased risk that contractual rental increases in future years will fail to result in fair market rental rates during those years. As a result, our income and distributions to our stockholders could be lower than they would otherwise be if we did not engage in net leases.
We focus our investments on commercial and industrial properties, including special use single tenant properties. These types of properties are relatively illiquid compared to other types of real estate and financial assets. This illiquidity will limit our ability to quickly change our portfolio in response to changes in economic or other conditions. With these properties, if the current lease is terminated or not renewed or, in the case of a mortgage loan, if we take such property in foreclosure, we may be required to renovate the property or to make rent concessions in order to lease the property to another tenant or sell the property. In addition, in the event we are forced to sell the property, we may have difficulty selling it to a party other than the tenant or borrower due to the special purpose for which the property may have been designed. These and other limitations may affect our ability to sell or re-lease properties and adversely affect returns to you.
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In most instances, we have acquired, and expect to acquire, real properties by using either existing financing or borrowing new funds. In addition, we have incurred mortgage debt and pledged all or some of our real properties as security for that debt to obtain funds to acquire additional real properties and may continue to do so. We may borrow if we need funds to satisfy the REIT tax qualification requirement that we generally distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for distributions paid and excluding any net capital gain, to our stockholders. We may also borrow if we otherwise deem it necessary or advisable to assure that we maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Our Advisor believes that utilizing borrowing is consistent with our investment objective of maximizing the return to investors. There is no limitation on the amount we may borrow against any single improved property. However, under our charter, we are required to limit our borrowings to 75% of the greater of the aggregate cost (before deducting depreciation or other non-cash reserves) or the aggregate fair market value of our gross assets as of the date of any borrowing, unless excess borrowing is approved by a majority of the independent directors. Our borrowings will not exceed 300% of our net assets (generally equal to 75% of cost), unless the excess is approved by a majority of our independent directors, which is the maximum level of indebtedness permitted under the NASAA REIT Guidelines. We expect that during the period of our on-going initial public offering we will request that our independent directors approve borrowings in excess of this limitation since we will then be in the process of raising our equity capital to acquire our portfolio. As a result, we expect that our debt levels will be higher until we have invested most of our capital.
If there is a shortfall between the cash flow from a property and the cash flow needed to service mortgage debt on a property, then the amount available for distributions to stockholders may be reduced. In addition, incurring mortgage debt increases the risk of loss since defaults on indebtedness secured by a property may result in lenders initiating foreclosure actions. In that case, we could lose the property securing the loan that is in default, thus reducing the value of your investment. For tax purposes, a foreclosure of any of our properties would be treated as a sale of the property for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the property, we would recognize taxable income on foreclosure, but would not receive any cash proceeds. In such event, we may be unable to pay the amount of distributions required in order to maintain our REIT status. We may give full or partial guarantees to lenders of mortgage debt to the entities that own our properties. When we provide a guaranty on behalf of an entity that owns one of our properties, we will be responsible to the lender for satisfaction of the debt if it is not paid by such entity. If any mortgages contain cross-collateralization or cross-default provisions, a default on a single property could affect multiple properties. If any of our properties are foreclosed upon due to a default, our ability to pay cash distributions to our stockholders will be adversely affected which could result in our losing our REIT status and would result in a decrease in the value of your investment.
The domestic and international commercial real estate debt markets are currently experiencing volatility as a result of certain factors including the tightening of underwriting standards by lenders and credit rating agencies and the significant inventory of unsold Collateralized Mortgage Backed Securities in the market. This is resulting in lenders increasing the cost for debt financing. Should the overall cost of borrowings increase, either by increases in the index rates or by increases in lender spreads, we will need to factor such increases into the economics of future acquisitions. This may result in future acquisitions generating lower overall economic returns and potentially reducing future cash flow available for distribution. If these disruptions in the debt markets persist, our ability to borrow monies to finance the purchase of, or other activities related to, real estate assets will be negatively impacted. If we are unable to borrow monies on terms and conditions that we find acceptable, we likely will have to reduce the number of properties we can purchase, and the return on the properties we do purchase may be lower. In addition, we may find it difficult, costly or impossible to refinance indebtedness which is maturing.
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The recent dislocations in the debt markets has reduced the amount of capital that is available to finance real estate, which, in turn, (a) will no longer allow real estate investors to rely on capitalization rate compression to generate returns and (b) has slowed real estate transaction activity, all of which may reasonably be expected to have a material impact, favorable or unfavorable, on revenues or income from the acquisition and operations of real properties and mortgage loans. Investors will need to focus on market-specific growth dynamics, operating performance, asset management and the long-term quality of the underlying real estate.
In addition, the state of the debt markets could have an impact on the overall amount of capital investing in real estate which may result in price or value decreases of real estate assets. Although this may benefit us for future acquisitions, it could negatively impact the current value of our existing assets.
If we place mortgage debt on properties, we run the risk of being unable to refinance the properties when the loans come due, or of being unable to refinance on favorable terms. If interest rates are higher when the properties are refinanced, we may not be able to finance the properties and our income could be reduced. If any of these events occur, our cash flow would be reduced. This, in turn, would reduce cash available for distribution to you and may hinder our ability to raise more capital by issuing more stock or by borrowing more money.
In connection with providing us financing, a lender could impose restrictions on us that affect our distribution and operating policies and our ability to incur additional debt. Loan documents we enter into may contain covenants that limit our ability to further mortgage the property, discontinue insurance coverage or replace our Advisor. These or other limitations may adversely affect our flexibility and our ability to achieve our investment and operating objectives.
We expect that we will incur indebtedness in the future. To the extent that we incur variable rate debt, increases in interest rates would increase our interest costs, which could reduce our cash flows and our ability to pay distributions to you. In addition, if we need to repay existing debt during periods of rising interest rates, we could be required to liquidate one or more of our investments in properties at times that may not permit realization of the maximum return on such investments.
Our charter generally limits us to incurring debt no greater than 75% of the greater of the aggregate cost (before deducting depreciation or other non-cash reserves) or the aggregate fair market value of all of our assets as of the date of any borrowing, unless any excess borrowing is approved by a majority of our independent directors and disclosed to our stockholders in our next quarterly report, along with a justification for such excess borrowing. We expect that during the period of our on-going initial public offering we will request that our independent directors approve borrowings in excess of this limitation since we will then be in the process of raising our equity capital to acquire our portfolio. As a result, we expect that our debt levels will be higher until we have invested most of our capital. High debt levels would cause us to incur higher interest charges, would result in higher debt service payments, and could be accompanied by restrictive covenants. These factors could limit the amount of cash we have available to distribute and could result in a decline in the value of your investment.
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We have elected to be taxed as a REIT beginning with the tax year ending December 31, 2008 and intend to operate in a manner that would allow us to continue to quality as a REIT. In order for us to qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy certain requirements set forth in the Code and Treasury Regulations and various factual matters and circumstances that are not entirely within our control. We intend to structure our activities in a manner designed to satisfy all of these requirements. However, if certain of our operations were to be recharacterized by the Internal Revenue Service, such recharacterization could jeopardize our ability to satisfy all of the requirements for qualification as a REIT. Proskauer Rose LLP, our legal counsel, has rendered its opinion that we qualify as a REIT, based upon our representations as to the manner in which we are and will be owned, invest in assets and operate, among other things. However, our qualification as a REIT will depend upon our ability to meet, through investments, actual operating results, distributions and satisfaction of specific rules, the various tests imposed by the Code. Proskauer Rose LLP will not review these operating results or compliance with the qualification standards on an on-going basis. This means that we may fail to satisfy the REIT requirements in the future. Also, this opinion represents Proskauer Rose LLPs legal judgment based on the law in effect as of the date of the prospectus contained in our registration statement at the time it was first declared effective by the SEC. Proskauer Rose LLPs opinion is not binding on the Internal Revenue Service or the courts and we will not apply for a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service regarding our status as a REIT. Future legislative, judicial or administrative changes to U.S. federal income tax laws could be applied retroactively, which could result in our disqualification as a REIT.
If we fail to qualify as a REIT for any taxable year and we do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at corporate rates. In addition, we would generally be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year of losing our REIT status. Losing our REIT status would reduce our net earnings available for investment or distribution to stockholders because of the additional tax liability. In addition, distributions to stockholders would no longer qualify for the distributions paid deduction, and we would no longer be required to make distributions. If this occurs, we might be required to borrow funds or liquidate some investments in order to pay the applicable tax.
Even if we qualify and maintain our status as a REIT, we may be subject to U.S. federal, state, and local income taxes. For example, net income from the sale of properties that are dealer properties sold by a REIT (a prohibited transaction under the Code) will be subject to a 100% tax. We may not be able to make sufficient distributions to avoid excise taxes applicable to REITs. We may also decide to retain net capital gain we earn from the sale or other disposition of our property and pay income tax directly on such income. In that event, our stockholders would be treated as if they earned that income and paid the tax on it directly. However, stockholders that are tax-exempt, such as charities or qualified pension plans, would have no benefit from their deemed payment of such tax liability unless they file U.S. federal income tax returns and thereon seek a refund of such tax. We may also be subject to state and local taxes on our income or property, including franchise, payroll and transfer taxes, either directly or at the level of our operating partnership or at the level of the other companies through which we indirectly own our assets, such as taxable REIT subsidiaries (TRS), which are subject to full U.S. federal, state, local and foreign corporate-level income taxes. Any taxes we pay directly or indirectly will reduce our cash available for distribution to you.
We generally must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income, as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for distributions paid and excluding any net capital gain, in order for U.S. federal corporate income tax not to apply to earnings that we distribute. If we satisfy this distribution requirement, but distribute less than 100% of our taxable income, we will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income.
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In addition, we will incur a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we pay out to our stockholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under federal tax laws. We intend to make distributions to our stockholders to comply with the REIT requirements of the Code. From time to time, we may generate taxable income greater than our income for financial reporting purposes prepared in accordance with GAAP, or differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash may occur.
As a result, we may find it difficult or impossible to meet distribution requirements in certain circumstances. In particular, where we experience differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash, the requirement to distribute a substantial portion of our taxable income could cause us to: (i) sell assets in adverse market conditions, (ii) borrow on unfavorable terms, (iii) distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions, capital expenditures or repayment of debt or (iv) make a taxable distribution of our shares as part of a distribution in which stockholders may elect to receive shares or (subject to a limit measured as a percentage of the total distribution) cash, in order to comply with REIT requirements. These alternatives could increase our costs or reduce our equity. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to grow, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock.
As long as we qualify as a REIT, our ability to dispose of property during the first few years following acquisition may be restricted to a substantial extent as a result of our REIT qualification. Under applicable provisions of the Code regarding prohibited transactions by REITs, while we qualify as a REIT, we will be subject to a 100% penalty tax on any gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of any property (other than foreclosure property) that we own, directly or through any subsidiary entity, including our operating partnership, but generally excluding our TRSs, that is deemed to be inventory or property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of trade or business. Whether property is inventory or otherwise held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business depends on the particular facts and circumstances surrounding each property. While we qualify as a REIT, we intend to avoid the 100% prohibited transaction tax by (1) conducting activities that may otherwise be considered prohibited transactions through a TRS (but such TRS will incur income taxes), (2) conducting our operations in such a manner so that no sale or other disposition of an asset we own, directly or through any subsidiary, will be treated as a prohibited transaction or (3) structuring certain dispositions of our properties to comply with a prohibited transaction safe harbor available under the Code for properties held for at least two years. However, despite our present intention, no assurance can be given that any particular property we own, directly or through any subsidiary entity, including our operating partnership, but generally excluding any TRSs, will not be treated as inventory or property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business.
A REIT may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more TRSs. A TRS may hold assets and earn income that would not be qualifying assets or income if held or earned directly by a REIT. Both the subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a TRS. A corporation of which a TRS directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a TRS. Overall, no more than 25% of the value of a REITs assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more TRSs. In addition, the TRS rules in certain instances limit the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a TRS to its affiliated REIT to assure that the TRS is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. The rules also impose a 100% excise tax on certain transactions between a TRS and its parent REIT that are not conducted on an arms-length basis.
We intend to use a TRS for short- and medium-term net lease assets that we intend to acquire and promptly resell for immediate gain. Our TRS will pay U.S. federal, state and local income tax on its taxable income, and its after-tax net income will be available for distribution to us but is not required to be distributed. We anticipate that securities of our TRS will not make up more than 25% of the value of our total
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assets. We will monitor the value of our investments in our TRS for the purpose of ensuring compliance with TRS ownership limitations. Furthermore, we will scrutinize all of our transactions with our TRSs to ensure that they are entered into on arms length terms to avoid incurring the 100% penalty tax described above. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to comply with the 25% limitation discussed above or to avoid application of the 100% penalty tax discussed above.
We may purchase properties and lease them back to the sellers of such properties. While we will use our best efforts to structure any such sale-leaseback transaction so that the lease will be characterized as a true lease, thereby allowing us to be treated as the owner of the property for federal income tax purposes, the IRS could challenge such characterization. In the event that any sale-leaseback transaction is challenged and re-characterized as a financing transaction or loan for federal income tax purposes, deductions for depreciation and cost recovery relating to such property would be disallowed. If a sale-leaseback transaction were so recharacterized, we might fail to satisfy the REIT qualification asset tests or the income tests and, consequently, lose our REIT status effective with the year of recharacterization. Alternatively, the amount of our REIT taxable income could be recalculated which might also cause us to fail to meet the distribution requirement for a taxable year.
We intend to maintain the status of the operating partnership as a partnership or a disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, if the IRS were to successfully challenge the status of the operating partnership as a partnership or disregarded entity for such purposes, it would be taxable as a corporation. In such event, this would reduce the amount of distributions that the operating partnership could make to us. This also would result in our failing to qualify as a REIT, and becoming subject to a corporate level tax on our income. This would substantially reduce our cash available to pay distributions and the yield on your investment. In addition, if any of the partnerships or limited liability companies through which the operating partnership owns its properties, in whole or in part, loses its characterization as a partnership and is otherwise not disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it would be subject to taxation as a corporation, thereby reducing distributions to the operating partnership. Such a recharacterization of an underlying property owner could also threaten our ability to maintain our REIT qualification.
In connection with our qualification as a REIT, we are required to generally distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income, as calculated in accordance with GAAP) each year, determined without regard to the deduction for distributions paid and excluding any net capital gain. In order to satisfy this requirement, we may distribute taxable distributions that are payable in cash and shares of our common stock at the election of each stockholder. Generally, under IRS Revenue Procedure 2010 12, up to 90% of any such taxable distribution with respect to the taxable years 2010 and 2011 could be payable in our common stock. Taxable stockholders receiving such distributions will be required to include the full amount of the distribution as ordinary income to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, U.S. stockholders may be required to pay income taxes with respect to such distributions in excess of the cash distributions received. Accordingly, U.S. stockholders receiving a distribution of our shares may be required to sell shares received in such distribution or may be required to sell other stock or assets owned by them, at a time that may be disadvantageous, in order to satisfy any tax imposed on such distribution. If a U.S. stockholder sells the stock that it receives as a distribution in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the distribution, depending on the market price of our stock at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to certain non-U.S. stockholders, we may be required to withhold U.S. tax with respect to such distributions, including in respect of all or a portion of such distribution that is payable in stock, by withholding or disposing of part of the shares in such distribution and using the proceeds of such disposition to satisfy the withholding tax imposed. In addition, if a significant number of our stockholders determine to
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sell shares of our common stock in order to pay taxes owed on distributions, such sale may put downward pressure on the price of our common stock.
Further, while Revenue Procedure 2010 12 generally applies only to taxable distributions payable in a combination of cash and stock with respect to the taxable years 2010 and 2011, it is unclear whether and to what extent we will be able to pay taxable distributions in cash and stock in later years. Moreover, various tax aspects of such a taxable cash/stock distribution are uncertain and have not yet been addressed by the IRS. No assurance can be given that the IRS will not impose additional requirements in the future with respect to taxable cash/stock distributions, including on a retroactive basis, or assert that the requirements for such taxable cash/stock distributions have not been met.
The taxation of distributions to our stockholders can be complex; however, distributions that we make to our stockholders will generally be taxable as ordinary income.
Distributions that we make to our taxable stockholders out of current and accumulated earnings and profits (and not designated as capital gain distributions, or for tax years beginning before January 1, 2011, qualified distribution income) generally will be taxable as ordinary income. However, a portion of our distributions may (1) be designated by us as capital gain distributions generally taxable as long-term capital gain to the extent that they are attributable to net capital gain recognized by us, (2) be designated by us, for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, as qualified distribution income generally to the extent they are attributable to distributions we receive from our taxable REIT subsidiaries, or (3) constitute a return of capital generally to the extent that they exceed our accumulated earnings and profits as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A return of capital is not taxable, but has the effect of reducing the basis of a stockholders investment in our common stock.
If our stockholders participate in our distribution reinvestment plan, they will be deemed to have received, and for U.S. federal income tax purposes will be taxed on, the amount reinvested in shares of our common stock to the extent the amount reinvested was not a tax-free return of capital. In addition, our stockholders will be treated for tax purposes as having received an additional distribution to the extent the shares are purchased at a discount to fair market value. As a result, unless a stockholder is a tax-exempt entity, it may have to use funds from other sources to pay its tax liability on the value of the shares of common stock received.
The maximum tax rate applicable to income from qualified distributions payable to U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates has been reduced by legislation to 15% for tax years beginning before January 1, 2011. Distributions payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced rates. Although this legislation does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or distributions payable by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate qualified distributions could cause investors who are individuals, trusts and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay distributions, which could adversely affect the value of the stock of REITs, including the market price of our common stock.
In order to qualify as a REIT, we must distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income (excluding net capital gain), determined without regard to the deduction for distributions paid. In order for distributions to be counted as satisfying the annual distribution requirements for REITs, and to provide us with a REIT-level tax deduction, the distributions must not be preferential distributions. A distribution is not a preferential distribution if the distribution is pro rata among all outstanding shares of stock within a particular class, and in accordance with the preferences among different classes of stock as set forth in our organizational documents. Currently, there is uncertainty as to the IRSs position regarding whether certain arrangements that REITs have with their stockholders could give rise to the inadvertent
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payment of a preferential distribution (e.g., the pricing methodology for stock purchased under a distribution reinvestment program inadvertently causing a greater than 5% discount on the price of such stock purchased). There is no de minimis exception with respect to preferential distributions; therefore, if the IRS were to take the position that we inadvertently paid a preferential distribution, we may be deemed to have failed the 90% distribution test, and our status as a REIT could be terminated for the year in which such determination is made if we were unable to cure such failure. While we believe that our operations have been structured in such a manner that we will not be treated as inadvertently paying preferential distributions, we can provide no assurance to this effect.
The REIT provisions of the Code substantially limit our ability to hedge our liabilities. Any income from a hedging transaction we enter into to manage risk of interest rate changes, price changes or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made to acquire real estate assets, if properly identified under applicable Treasury Regulations, does not constitute gross income for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions, the income from those transactions will likely be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of both of the gross income tests. As a result of these rules, we intend to limit our use of advantageous hedging techniques or implement those hedges through a TRS. This could increase the cost of our hedging activities because a TRS would be subject to tax on gains or expose us to greater risks associated with changes in interest rates than we would otherwise want to bear. In addition, losses in a TRS will generally not provide any tax benefit, except for being carried forward against future taxable income of such TRS.
To qualify as a REIT, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of our stock. In order to meet these tests, we may be required to forego investments we might otherwise make or liquidate attractive investments from our portfolio. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our operating performance.
In particular, we must ensure that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified real estate assets. The remainder of our investment in securities (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) generally may not include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) may consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 25% of the value of our total assets can be represented by securities of one or more TRS. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must remedy the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and experiencing adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate otherwise attractive investments. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.
In recent years, numerous legislative, judicial and administrative changes have been made in the provisions of U.S. federal income tax laws applicable to investments similar to an investment in shares of our common stock. Additional changes to the tax laws are likely to continue to occur, and we cannot assure you that any such changes will not adversely affect the taxation of a stockholder. Any such changes could have an adverse effect on an investment in our shares or on the market value or the resale potential of our assets. You are urged to consult with your tax advisor with respect to the impact of recent legislation on your investment in our shares and the status of legislative, regulatory or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in our shares. You also should note that our counsels tax opinion is based upon existing law, applicable as of the date of its opinion, all of which will be subject to change, either prospectively or retroactively.
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Although REITs continue to receive substantially better tax treatment than entities taxed as corporations, it is possible that future legislation would result in a REIT having fewer tax advantages, and it could become more advantageous for a company that invests in real estate to elect to be taxed for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a corporation. As a result, our charter provides our board of directors with the power, under certain circumstances, to revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election and cause us to be taxed as a corporation, without the vote of our stockholders. Our board of directors has fiduciary duties to us and our stockholders and could only cause such changes in our tax treatment if it determines in good faith that such changes are in the best interest of our stockholders.
In order to qualify as a REIT for each taxable year, five or fewer individuals, as defined in the Code, may not own, actually or constructively, more than 50% in value of our issued and outstanding shares of stock at any time during the last half of a taxable year. Attribution rules in the Code determine if any individual or entity actually or constructively owns our shares of stock under this requirement. Additionally, at least 100 persons must beneficially own our shares of stock during at least 335 days of a taxable year for each taxable year. To help insure that we meet these tests, our charter restricts the acquisition and ownership of our shares of stock.
Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT while we so qualify. Unless exempted by our board of directors, as long as we qualify as a REIT, our charter prohibits, among other limitations on ownership and transfer of shares of our stock, any person from beneficially or constructively owning (applying certain attribution rules under the Code) more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of our outstanding shares of stock or more than 9.8% (in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of any class or series of shares of our stock. Our board of directors may not grant an exemption from these restrictions to any proposed transferee whose ownership in excess of 9.8% of the value of our outstanding shares would result in the termination of our qualification as a REIT. These restrictions on transferability and ownership will not apply, however, if our board of directors determines that it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT.
Non-U.S. stockholders will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax and may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on distributions received from us and upon the disposition of our shares.
Subject to certain exceptions, distributions received from us will be treated as distributions of ordinary income to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. Such distributions ordinarily will be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate, or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty, unless the distributions are treated as effectively connected with the conduct by the non-U.S. stockholder of a U.S. trade or business. Capital gain distributions attributable to sales or exchanges of U.S. real property generally will be taxed to a non-U.S. stockholder as if such gain were effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. However, a capital gain distribution will not be treated as effectively connected income if (a) the distribution is received with respect to a class of stock that is regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United States and (b) the non-U.S. stockholder does not own more than 5% of the class of our stock at any time during the one-year period ending on the date the distribution is received. We do not anticipate that our shares will be regularly traded on an established securities market for the foreseeable future, and therefore, this exception is not expected to apply.
Gain recognized by a non-U.S. stockholder upon the sale or exchange of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation unless such stock constitutes a U.S. real property interest within the meaning of the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980, or FIRPTA. Our common stock will not constitute a U.S. real property interest so long as we are a domestically-controlled qualified investment entity. A domestically-controlled qualified investment entity includes a REIT if at all times during a specified testing period, less than 50% in value of such REITs stock is held directly or
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indirectly by non-U.S. stockholders. We believe, but cannot assure you, that we will be a domestically-controlled qualified investment entity.
Even if we do not qualify as a domestically-controlled qualified investment entity at the time a non-U.S. stockholder sells or exchanges our common stock, gain arising from such a sale or exchange would not be subject to U.S. taxation under FIRPTA as a sale of a U.S. real property interest if (a) our common stock is regularly traded, as defined by applicable Treasury regulations, on an established securities market, and (b) such non-U.S. stockholder owned, actually and constructively, 5% or less of our common stock at any time during the five-year period ending on the date of the sale. However, it is not anticipated that our common stock will be regularly traded on an established market.
If (a) we are a pension-held REIT, (b) a tax-exempt stockholder has incurred debt to purchase or hold our common stock, or (c) a holder of common stock is a certain type of tax-exempt stockholder, distributions on, and gains recognized on the sale of, common stock by such tax-exempt stockholder may be subject to U.S. federal income tax as unrelated business taxable income under the Code.
If you are investing the assets of a pension, profit-sharing, 401(k), Keogh or other qualified retirement plan or the assets of an IRA in our common stock, you should satisfy yourself that, among other things:
| your investment is consistent with your fiduciary obligations under ERISA and the Code; |
| your investment is made in accordance with the documents and instruments governing your plan or IRA, including your plans investment policy; |
| your investment satisfies the prudence and diversification requirements of ERISA; |
| your investment will not impair the liquidity of the plan or IRA; |
| your investment will not produce UBTI for the plan or IRA; |
| you will be able to value the assets of the plan annually in accordance with ERISA or Code requirements; and |
| your investment will not constitute a non-exempt prohibited transaction under Section 406 of ERISA or Code Section 4975. |
Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Code provisions for which only limited judicial and administrative authorities exist. Even a technical or inadvertent violation could jeopardize our REIT qualification. Our qualification as a REIT will depend on our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, stockholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis. In addition, our ability to satisfy the requirements to qualify as a REIT depends in part on the actions of third parties over which we have no control or only limited influence, including in cases where we own an equity interest in an entity that is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Under current authoritative accounting guidance for leases, a lease is classified by a tenant as a capital lease if the significant risks and rewards of ownership are considered to reside with the tenant. Under capital lease accounting for a tenant, both the leased asset and liability are reflected on their balance sheet. If the lease does not meet any of the criteria for a capital lease, the lease is considered an operating lease by the tenant, and the obligation does not appear on the tenants balance sheet; rather, the contractual future
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minimum payment obligations are only disclosed in the footnotes thereto. Thus, entering into an operating lease can appear to enhance a tenants balance sheet in comparison to direct ownership. The Financial Accounting Standards Board, or the FASB, and the International Accounting Standards Board, or the IASB, conducted a joint project to re-evaluate lease accounting. In August 2010, the FASB and the IASB jointly released exposure drafts of a proposed accounting model that would significantly change lease accounting. The final standards are expected to be issued in 2011. Changes to the accounting guidance could affect both our accounting for leases as well as that of our current and potential tenants. These changes may affect how the real estate leasing business is conducted. For example, if the accounting standards regarding the financial statement classification of operating leases are revised, then companies may be less willing to enter into leases in general or desire to enter into leases with shorter terms because the apparent benefits to their balance sheets could be reduced or eliminated. This in turn could cause a delay in investing our offering proceeds and make it more difficult for us to enter into leases on terms we find favorable.
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As of December 31, 2010, we owned 259 properties located in 39 states and U. S. territories. All of these properties are freestanding, single-tenant properties 100% occupied with a weighted average remaining lease term of 15.5 years as of December 31, 2010. In the aggregate, these properties represent 5.3 million rentable square feet.
The following table presents certain additional information about the properties we own at December 31, 2010 (dollar amounts in thousands):
Property | Acquisition Date |
No. of Buildings |
Square Feet |
Ownership Percentage |
Remaining Lease Term(1) |
Base Purchase Price(2) |
Capitalization Rate(3) |
Annualized Rental Income(4) |
Total Purchase Price(5) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FedEx | Mar. 2008 | 1 | 55,440 | 51 | % | 7.9 | $ | 9,694 | 7.53 | % | $ | 730 | $ | 10,208 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
First Niagara | Mar. 2008 | 15 | 177,774 | 100 | % | 12.0 | 40,976 | 7.48 | % | 3,064 | 41,676 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rockland Trust | May 2008 | 18 | 121,057 | 100 | % | 10.6 | 32,188 | 7.86 | % | 2,530 | 33,117 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
PNC Bank(6) | Sep. & Oct. 2008 |
2 | 8,403 | 59 | % | 18.1 | 6,664 | 8.21 | % | 547 | 6,853 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rite Aid | Sep. 2008 | 6 | 74,919 | 100 | % | 12.5 | 18,576 | 7.79 | % | 1,447 | 18,839 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
PNC | Nov. 2008 | 49 | 266,188 | 100 | % | 7.9 | 41,605 | 7.35 | % | 3,060 | 44,132 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
FedEx II | Jul. 2009 | 1 | 152,640 | 100 | % | 12.8 | 31,692 | 8.84 | % | 2,803 | 31,692 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Walgreens | Jul. 2009 | 1 | 14,820 | 56 | % | 21.5 | 3,818 | 8.12 | % | 310 | 3,818 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
CVS(7)(9) | Sep. 2009 Sep. 2010 |
10 | 131,105 | 86 | % | 23.3 | 44,371 | 8.37 | % | 3,713 | 44,371 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
CVS II | Nov. 2009 | 15 | 198,729 | 100 | % | 23.5 | 59,788 | 8.48 | % | 5,071 | 59,788 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Home Depot | Dec. 2009 | 1 | 465,600 | 100 | % | 19.0 | 23,532 | 9.31 | % | 2,192 | 23,532 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
BSFS | Dec. 2009 & Jan. 2010 |
6 | 57,336 | 100 | % | 13.4 | 15,041 | 9.24 | % | 1,390 | 15,041 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Advance Auto | Dec. 2009 | 1 | 7,000 | 100 | % | 10.9 | 1,730 | 9.25 | % | 160 | 1,730 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fresenius | Jan. 2010 | 2 | 140,000 | 100 | % | 11.6 | 12,183 | 9.51 | % | 1,159 | 12,183 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reckitt Benckiser | Feb. 2010 | 1 | 574,106 | 85 | % | 11.1 | 31,100 | 8.58 | % | 2,668 | 31,100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jack in the Box | Feb. 2010 & Apr. 2010 |
5 | 12,253 | 100 | % | 19.2 | 9,755 | 8.01 | % | 781 | 9,755 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
BSFS II(8) | Feb. & Mar. 2010 |
12 | 93,599 | 74 | % | 13.0 | 25,902 | 8.88 | % | 2,299 | 25,902 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
FedEx III | Apr. 2010 | 1 | 118,796 | 85 | % | 10.5 | 33,500 | 9.21 | % | 3,087 | 33,500 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jared Jewelry | May 2010 | 3 | 19,534 | 90 | % | 18.1 | 5,342 | 12.71 | % | 679 | 5,342 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Walgreens II | May 2010 | 1 | 14,820 | 100 | % | 22.3 | 5,593 | 8.10 | % | 453 | 5,593 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
IHOP | May 2010 | 1 | 5,172 | 100 | % | 15.3 | 2,398 | 8.38 | % | 201 | 2,398 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Advance Auto II | Jun. 2010 | 3 | 19,253 | 100 | % | 12.5 | 3,583 | 8.60 | % | 308 | 3,583 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Super Stop & Shop | Jun. 2010 | 1 | 59,032 | 100 | % | 12.2 | 23,350 | 8.33 | % | 1,946 | 23,350 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
IHOP II | Jun. 2010 | 1 | 4,139 | 100 | % | 11.3 | 2,255 | 9.05 | % | 204 | 2,255 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
IHOP III | Jun. 2010 | 1 | 5,111 | 100 | % | 20.6 | 3,254 | 9.31 | % | 303 | 3,254 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jared Jewelry II | Jun. 2010 | 1 | 6,157 | 100 | % | 16.1 | 1,589 | 13.15 | % | 209 | 1,589 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jack in the Box II | Jun. 2010 | 6 | 14,975 | 100 | % | 19.5 | 11,150 | 8.00 | % | 892 | 11,150 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Walgreens III | Jun. 2010 | 1 | 13,386 | 100 | % | 23.4 | 4,968 | 7.75 | % | 385 | 4,968 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dollar General | Jul. 2010 | 1 | 8,988 | 100 | % | 13.9 | 1,200 | 9.83 | % | 118 | 1,200 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tractor Supply | Jul. & Aug. 2010 |
4 | 76,038 | 100 | % | 14.4 | 10,892 | 8.98 | % | 978 | 10,892 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Advance Auto III | Jul. 2010 | 3 | 19,752 | 100 | % | 12.6 | 4,287 | 8.35 | % | 358 | 4,287 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
CSAA/CVS | Aug. 2010 | 1 | 15,214 | 100 | % | 22.1 | 4,859 | 7.24 | % | 352 | 4,859 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
CSAA/First Fifth Bank(10) | Aug. 2010 | 2 | 8,252 | 100 | % | 17.2 | 6,199 | 8.39 | % | 520 | 6,199 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
CSAA/Walgreens | Aug. 2010 | 5 | 84,263 | 100 | % | 22.1 | 26,864 | 7.30 | % | 1,961 | 26,864 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
CSAA/Chase Bank(10) | Aug. 2010 | 2 | 8,030 | 100 | % | 26.3 | 6,496 | 9.30 | % | 604 | 6,496 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
CSAA/Home Depot(10) | Sep. 2010 | 1 | 107,965 | 100 | % | 17.1 | 8,720 | 7.12 | % | 621 | 8,720 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
IHOP IV | Sep. 2010 | 19 | 87,009 | 100 | % | 13.9 | 30,000 | 9.44 | % | 2,833 | 30,000 |
38
Property | Acquisition Date |
No. of Buildings |
Square Feet |
Ownership Percentage |
Remaining Lease Term(1) |
Base Purchase Price(2) |
Capitalization Rate(3) |
Annualized Rental Income(4) |
Total Purchase Price(5) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
OReilly Auto | Sep. 2010 | 1 | 9,500 | 100 | % | 9.2 | 2,450 | 8.73 | % | 214 | 2,450 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Walgreens IV | Sep. 2010 | 1 | 14,477 | 100 | % | 24.3 | 6,439 | 7.75 | % | 499 | 6,439 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Walgreens V | Sep. 2010 | 1 | 13,580 | 100 | % | 23.4 | 4,767 | 7.95 | % | 379 | 4,767 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kum & Go | Sep. 2010 | 14 | 67,310 | 100 | % | 14.2 | 22,515 | 9.21 | % | 2,074 | 22,515 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
FedEx IV | Sep. 2010 | 1 | 43,762 | 100 | % | 9.6 | 3,576 | 8.28 | % | 296 | 3,576 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
AutoZone | Sep. 2010 | 4 | 28,880 | 100 | % | 15.6 | 10,228 | 8.40 | % | 859 | 10,228 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Brown Shoe Payless | Oct. 2010 | 2 | 1,153,374 | 91 | % | 15.0 | 68,773 | 9.55 | % | 6,570 | 68,773 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Saint Josephs Mercy Medical | Oct. 2010 | 3 | 46,706 | 100 | % | 13.2 | 9,838 | 7.79 | % | 766 | 9,838 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Advance Auto IV | Nov. 2010 | 1 | 6,124 | 100 | % | 14.8 | 1,270 | 8.35 | % | 106 | 1,270 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kum and Go II | Nov. 2010 | 2 | 8,008 | 100 | % | 19.9 | 2,895 | 9.50 | % | 275 | 2,895 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tractor Supply II | Nov. 2010 | 1 | 19,174 | 100 | % | 14.8 | 2,388 | 9.09 | % | 217 | 2,388 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
FedEx V | Nov. 2010 | 1 | 29,410 | 100 | % | 9.7 | 2,800 | 8.29 | % | 232 | 2,800 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Walgreens VI | Dec. 2010 | 7 | 102,930 | 100 | % | 23.4 | 40,071 | 7.00 | % | 2,805 | 40,071 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
FedEx VI | Dec. 2010 | 1 | 142,160 | 100 | % | 13.0 | 28,600 | 7.92 | % | 2,264 | 28,600 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dollar General II | Dec. 2010 | 1 | 9,100 | 100 | % | 14.5 | 1,281 | 8.98 | % | 115 | 1,281 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
FedEx VII | Dec. 2010 | 1 | 101,350 | 100 | % | 13.6 | 18,800 | 7.41 | % | 1,393 | 18,800 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
FedEx VIII | Dec. 2010 | 4 | 116,689 | 100 | % | 7.6 | 10,891 | 8.20 | % | 893 | 10,891 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
BB&T | Dec. 2010 | 1 | 3,635 | 100 | % | 9.0 | 3,781 | 7.88 | % | 298 | 3,781 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Walgreens VII | Dec. 2010 | 1 | 14,490 | 100 | % | 17.3 | 2,950 | 8.85 | % | 261 | 2,950 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
FedEx IX | Dec. 2010 | 1 | 64,556 | 100 | % | 9.4 | 6,012 | 8.28 | % | 498 | 6,012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dollar General III | Dec. 2010 | 3 | 27,128 | 100 | % | 14.8 | 2,867 | 8.72 | % | 250 | 2,867 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tractor Supply III | Dec. 2010 | 1 | 18,860 | 100 | % | 14.3 | 4,825 | 8.87 | % | 428 | 4,825 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
DaVita Dialysis | Dec. 2010 | 1 | 12,990 | 100 | % | 8.6 | 2,848 | 8.15 | % | 232 | 2,848 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dollar General | Dec. 2010 | 1 | 9,167 | 100 | % | 14.5 | 1,236 | 8.98 | % | 111 | 1,236 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sub-total | 259 | 5,310,215 | 15.5 | 867,215 | 8.41 | % | 72,971 | 872,337 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment in joint venture | Dec. 2010 | | | 7 | % | | 12,000 | | | 12,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
259 | 5,310,215 | 15.5 | $ | 879,215 | 8.41 | % | $ | 72,971 | $ | 884,337 |
(1) | Remaining lease term as of December 31, 2010, in years. If the portfolio has multiple locations with varying lease expirations, remaining lease term is calculated on a weighted-average basis. |
(2) | Contract purchase price, excluding acquisition and transaction-related costs. Acquisition and transaction- related costs include legal costs, acquisition fees paid to the Advisor and closing costs on the property. |
(3) | Annualized rental income on a straight-line basis divided by base purchase price. |
(4) | Annualized rental income for the property portfolio on a straight-line basis. |
(5) | Base purchase price for acquisitions prior to January 1, 2009 includes acquisition costs which were capitalized as required by GAAP guidance prior to that date. Acquisition and transaction related costs include legal costs, acquisition fees paid to the Advisor and closing costs on the property. |
(6) | Ownership percentage is 51% of one property and 65% of one property. |
(7) | Ownership percentage is 51% of three properties and 100% of the remaining seven properties. |
(8) | Ownership percentage is 51% of six properties and 100% of the remaining six properties. |
(9) | Includes the September 2010 purchase of a parcel of land with a ground lease which contains a previously purchased CVS pharmacy. |
(10) | Property is a parcel of land with a ground lease which contains a building that will be conveyed to the Company at the end of the ground lease. Square footage and number of buildings refers to the building that is constructed on the parcel of land owned by the Company. |
39
The following table details the industry distribution of our portfolio as of December 31, 2010 (dollars in thousands):
Industry | No. of Buildings |
Square Feet |
Square Foot % |
Annualized Rental Income(1) |
Annualized Rental Income % |
|||||||||||||||
Auto Retail | 13 | 90,509 | 1.7 | % | $ | 2,005 | 2.7 | % | ||||||||||||
Auto Services | 18 | 150,935 | 2.8 | % | 3,689 | 5.1 | % | |||||||||||||
Distribution | 3 | 1,727,480 | 32.7 | % | 9,238 | 12.7 | % | |||||||||||||
Freight | 12 | 824,803 | 15.5 | % | 12,196 | 16.7 | % | |||||||||||||
Healthcare | 6 | 199,696 | 3.8 | % | 2,157 | 3.0 | % | |||||||||||||
Home Maintenance | 2 | 573,565 | 10.8 | % | 2,813 | 3.9 | % | |||||||||||||
Pharmacy | 50 | 692,733 | 13.0 | % | 17,636 | 24.2 | % | |||||||||||||
Restaurant | 33 | 128,659 | 2.4 | % | 5,214 | 7.1 | % | |||||||||||||
Retail Banking | 89 | 593,339 | 11.2 | % | 10,623 | 14.6 | % | |||||||||||||
Specialty Retail | 10 | 139,763 | 2.6 | % | 2,511 | 3.4 | % | |||||||||||||
Discount Retail | 6 | 54,383 | 1.0 | % | 594 | 0.8 | % | |||||||||||||
Supermarket | 1 | 59,032 | 1.1 | % | 1,946 | 2.7 | % | |||||||||||||
Gas/Convenience | 16 | 75,318 | 1.4 | % | 2,349 | 3.2 | % | |||||||||||||
259 | 5,310,215 | 100 | % | $ | 72,971 | 100 | % |
(1) | Annualized rental income for the property portfolio on a straight-line basis. |
40
The following table details the geographic distribution of our portfolio as of December 31, 2010 (dollars in thousands):
State/Possession | Number of Properties |
Square Feet |
Square Foot % |
Annualized Rental Income(1) |
Annualized Rental Income % |
|||||||||||||||
Alabama | 3 | 33,849 | 0.6 | % | $ | 972 | 1.2 | % | ||||||||||||
Arizona | 2 | 26,026 | 0.5 | % | 664 | 0.8 | % | |||||||||||||
Arkansas | 4 | 54,281 | 1.0 | % | 954 | 1.2 | % | |||||||||||||
California | 8 | 662,513 | 12.5 | % | 7,850 | 10.8 | % | |||||||||||||
Colorado | 2 | 12,502 | 0.2 | % | 353 | 0.5 | % | |||||||||||||
Florida | 9 | 73,236 | 1.4 | % | 2,283 | 3.1 | % | |||||||||||||
Georgia | 6 | 166,602 | 3.1 | % | 2,165 | 3.0 | % | |||||||||||||
Illinois | 11 | 91,755 | 1.7 | % | 2,885 | 4.0 | % | |||||||||||||
Indiana | 2 | 28,045 | 0.5 | % | 859 | 1.2 | % | |||||||||||||
Iowa | 2 | 8,008 | 0.2 | % | 275 | 0.4 | % | |||||||||||||
Kansas | 6 | 509,527 | 9.6 | % | 2,961 | 4.1 | % | |||||||||||||
Kentucky | 6 | 215,720 | 4.1 | % | 4,255 | 5.8 | % | |||||||||||||
Louisiana | 7 | 56,044 | 1.1 | % | 1,086 | 1.5 | % | |||||||||||||
Maine | 1 | 13,225 | 0.2 | % | 338 | 0.5 | % | |||||||||||||
Massachusetts | 19 | 127,214 | 2.4 | % | 2,738 | 3.8 | % | |||||||||||||
Michigan | 3 | 38,427 | 0.7 | % | 934 | 1.3 | % | |||||||||||||
Minnesota | 3 | 78,378 | 1.5 | % | 1,031 | 1.4 | % | |||||||||||||
Mississippi | 3 | 27,944 | 0.5 | % | 647 | 0.9 | % | |||||||||||||
Missouri | 18 | 189,390 | 3.6 | % | 4,094 | 5.6 | % | |||||||||||||
Nebraska | 2 | 77,546 | 1.5 | % | 730 | 1.0 | % | |||||||||||||
Nevada | 1 | 13,662 | 0.3 | % | 265 | 0.4 | % | |||||||||||||
New Jersey | 33 | 176,170 | 3.3 | % | 2,525 | 3.5 | % | |||||||||||||
New Mexico | 2 | 12,154 | 0.2 | % | 316 | 0.4 | % | |||||||||||||
New York | 7 | 111,013 | 2.1 | % | 3,308 | 4.5 | % | |||||||||||||
North Carolina | 4 | 50,340 | 0.9 | % | 1,071 | 1.5 | % | |||||||||||||
North Dakota | 1 | 29,410 | 0.6 | % | 232 | 0.3 | % | |||||||||||||
Ohio | 9 | 895,204 | 16.9 | % | 5,971 | 8.2 | % | |||||||||||||
Oklahoma | 5 | 49,193 | 0.9 | % | 1,149 | 1.6 | % | |||||||||||||
Oregon | 3 | 10,678 | 0.2 | % | 388 | 0.5 | % | |||||||||||||
Pennsylvania | 37 | 412,787 | 7.8 | % | 6,162 | 8.4 | % | |||||||||||||
Puerto Rico | 4 | 28,880 | 0.5 | % | 859 | 1.2 | % | |||||||||||||
South Carolina | 3 | 31,607 | 0.6 | % | 742 | 1.0 | % | |||||||||||||
South Dakota | 1 | 43,762 | 0.8 | % | 296 | 0.4 | % | |||||||||||||
Tennessee | 2 | 8,158 | 0.2 | % | 354 | 0.5 | % | |||||||||||||
Texas | 22 | 283,728 | 5.3 | % | 6,985 | 9.6 | % | |||||||||||||
Utah | 2 | 578,286 | 10.9 | % | 2,855 | 3.9 | % | |||||||||||||
Virginia | 2 | 10,903 | 0.2 | % | 218 | 0.3 | % | |||||||||||||
Washington | 1 | 2,865 | 0.1 | % | 199 | 0.3 | % | |||||||||||||
West Virginia | 3 | 71,183 | 1.3 | % | 1,002 | 1.4 | % | |||||||||||||
259 | 5,310,215 | 100 | % | $ | 72,971 | 100 | % |
(1) | Annualized rental income for the property portfolio on a straight-line basis. |
41
The following table presents certain debt information about the properties we own at December 31, 2010 (dollar amounts in thousands):
Portfolio | Encumbered Properties |
Outstanding Loan Amount |
Effective Interest Rate |
Interest Rate | Maturity | |||||||||||||||
FedEx | 1 | $ | 6,965 | 6.29 | % | Fixed | Sep. 2037 | |||||||||||||
First Niagara | 15 | 31,000 | 6.59 | %(1) | Fixed | Jan. 2018 | ||||||||||||||
Rockland Trust | 18 | 23,169 | 4.92 | %(2) | Fixed | May 2013 | ||||||||||||||
PNC Bank | 2 | 4,337 | 4.58 | %(3) | Fixed | Sep. 2013 | ||||||||||||||
Rite Aid | 6 | 12,808 | 6.97 | % | Fixed | Sep. 2017 | ||||||||||||||
PNC | 49 | 31,962 | 5.25 | %(4) | Fixed | Nov. 2013 | ||||||||||||||
FedEx II | 1 | 16,091 | 6.03 | %(5) | Fixed | Jan. 2015 | ||||||||||||||
Walgreens | 1 | 1,550 | 6.64 | %(6) | Fixed | Aug. 2019 | ||||||||||||||
CVS | 10 | 23,460 | 6.88 | %(7) | Fixed | Oct. 2019 | ||||||||||||||
CVS II | 15 | 32,733 | 6.64 | % | Fixed | Dec. 2014 | ||||||||||||||
Home Depot | 1 | 12,150 | 6.03 | % | Fixed | Jul. 2015 | ||||||||||||||
BSFS | 6 | 3,801 | 6.61 | %(8) | Fixed | Jun. 2030 | ||||||||||||||
Fresenius | 2 | 6,038 | 6.63 | % | Fixed | Feb. 2015 | ||||||||||||||
Reckitt Benckiser | 1 | 14,881 | 6.23 | %(9) | Fixed | Feb. 2017 | ||||||||||||||
Jack in the Box | 4 | 4,361 | 6.45 | % | Fixed | Mar. 2015 | ||||||||||||||
Jack in the Box | 1 | 966 | 6.26 | % | Fixed | Jun. 2015 | ||||||||||||||
FedEx III | 1 | 15,000 | 5.57 | % | Fixed | May 2015 | ||||||||||||||
Walgreens II | 1 | 3,000 | 5.58 | % | Fixed | May 2015 | ||||||||||||||
Super Stop & Shop | 1 | 10,800 | 5.32 | % | Fixed | Jul. 2015 | ||||||||||||||
Advance Auto/Walgreens(10) | 7 | 6,550 | 5.58 | % | Fixed | Sep. 2015 | ||||||||||||||
CSAA/Mixed(11) | 10 | 19,600 | 4.36 | % | Fixed | Sep. 2015 | ||||||||||||||
CSAA/Home Depot | 1 | 3,900 | 4.56 | % | Fixed | Oct. 2015 | ||||||||||||||
IHOP | 18 | 11,833 | 5.32 | % | Fixed | Dec. 2015 | ||||||||||||||
Six tenant(12) | 15 | 24,700 | 4.51 | % | Fixed | Dec. 2020 | ||||||||||||||
Brown Shoe/Payless | 2 | 28,200 | 4.92 | % | Fixed | Nov. 2020 | ||||||||||||||
Walgreen VI | 7 | 22,900 | 5.86 | % | Fixed | Jan. 2016 | ||||||||||||||
Total | 196 | $ | 372,755 | 5.73 | % |
(1) | The effective interest rate resets at the end of year five to the then current five-year Treasury rate plus 2.25%, but in no event will be less than 6.5%. |
(2) | Fixed as a result of entering into a rate lock agreement with a LIBOR floor and cap of 3.54% and 4.125%, respectively. |
(3) | Fixed as a result of entering into a swap agreement with a rate of 3.565% for a notional amount of $0.4 million and a rate lock agreement on a notional amount of $4.1 million with a LIBOR floor and cap of 3.37% and 4.45%, respectively. |
(4) | Fixed as a result of entering in a swap agreement for 3.6% plus a spread of 1.65%. |
(5) | Fixed as a result of entering in a swap agreement for 2.775% plus a spread of 3.18%. |
(6) | The effective interest rate is fixed until 2014 then adjusts to the greater of 6.55% or the five-year U.S. Treasury rate plus 3.50%. |
(7) | The effective interest rate adjusts at the discretion of the lender at the end of the sixth year. |
(8) | The effective rate is fixed for five years then adjusts based on the five-year treasury rate plus 4.00%. |
(9) | Fixed as a result of entering in a swap agreement for 3.295% plus a spread of 2.85%. |
(10) | Loan is collateralized by the Advance Auto II, Advance Auto III and Walgreens III properties. |
(11) | Loan is collateralized by the CSAA/CVS, CSAA/First Fifth Bank, CSAA/Walgreens and CSAA/Chase Bank properties. |
(12) | Loan is collateralized by the Tractor Supply, OReilly, Walgreens IV and V, FedEx IV, AutoZone and St, Josephs Mercy Medical properties. |
42
The following table details contractual rental income for our properties as of December 31, 2010 (dollar amounts in thousands):
Property | Purchase Price(1) | Current Mortgage Debt |
Effective Interest Rate(2) |
Portfolio- Level Leverage |
Rent | Contractual Base Rent Increase(3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Year 1 | Year 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FedEx | $ | 9,694 | $ | 6,965 | 6.29 | % | 68.2 | % | $ | 703 | $ | 703 | 3.78% and 3.65% in years 6 and 11, respectively | |||||||||||||||
First Niagara | 40,976 | 31,000 | 6.59 | % | 74.4 | % | 3,064 | 3,064 | | |||||||||||||||||||
Rockland | 32,188 | 23,169 | 4.92 | % | 70.0 | % | 2,306 | 2,340 | 1.5% annually | |||||||||||||||||||
PNC Bank | 6,664 | 4,337 | 4.58 | % | 63.3 | % | 466 | 466 | 10% after 5 years | |||||||||||||||||||
Rite Aid | 18,576 | 12,808 | 6.97 | % | 68.0 | % | 1,404 | 1,404 | | |||||||||||||||||||
PNC | 41,605 | 31,962 | 5.25 | % | 72.4 | % | 2,960 | 2,960 | 10% after 5 years | |||||||||||||||||||
FedEx II | 31,692 | 16,091 | 6.03 | % | 50.8 | % | 2,580 | 2,580 | 1% increase in years 5 and 9 | |||||||||||||||||||
Walgreens | 3,818 | 1,550 | 6.64 | % | 40.6 | % | 310 | 310 | | |||||||||||||||||||
CVS | 44,371 | 23,460 | 6.88 | % | 52.9 | % | 3,387 | 3,387 | 5% increase every 5 years | |||||||||||||||||||
CVS II | 59,788 | 32,733 | 6.64 | % | 54.7 | % | 4,984 | 4,984 | 5% increase every 5 years | |||||||||||||||||||
Home Depot | 23,532 | 12,150 | 6.03 | % | 51.6 | % | 1,806 | 1,839 | 2% increase annually | |||||||||||||||||||
BSFS | 15,041 | 3,801 | 6.61 | % | 25.3 | % | 1,048 | 1,048 | 6.25% every 5 years | |||||||||||||||||||
Advanced Auto | 1,730 | | | | 160 | 160 | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fresenius | 12,183 | 6,038 | 6.63 | % | 49.6 | % | 1,023 |