Edgar Filing: MONSANTO CO /NEW/

Six Months Ended

(Dollars in millions)

Feb. 29, 2016

Feb. 28, 2015

10-Q



MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)



x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended Feb. 29, 2016



o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from to

Commission file number 001-16167

MONSANTO COMPANY

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware	43-1878297
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

800 North Lindbergh Blvd.,	63167
St. Louis, MO	(Zip Code)
(Address of principal executive offices)

(314) 694-1000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	o
Non-accelerated filer	o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes o No x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: 436,844,990 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding as of April 4, 2016.

Table of Contents



MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

CAUTION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

In the interests of our investors, this section of our report explains some of the important reasons that actual results may be materially different from those that we anticipate. In this report, and from time to time throughout the year, we share our expectations for our company’s future performance. These forward-looking statements include statements about our business plans; the potential development, regulatory approval, and public acceptance of our products; our expected financial performance, including sales performance, and the anticipated effect of our strategic actions; the anticipated benefits of recent acquisitions; the outcome of contingencies, such as litigation; domestic or international economic, political and market conditions; and other factors that could affect our future results of operations or financial position, including, without limitation, statements under the captions “Overview — Executive Summary — Outlook,” “Seeds and Genomics Segment,” “Agricultural Productivity Segment,” “Financial Condition, Liquidity, and Capital Resources,” “Outlook,” “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” and “Legal Proceedings.” Any statements we make that are not matters of current reportage or historical fact should be considered forward-looking. Such statements often include words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “will,” and similar expressions. By their nature, these types of statements are uncertain and are not guarantees of our future performance.

Since these statements are based on factors that involve risks and uncertainties, our company’s actual performance and results may differ materially from those described or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, among others: continued competition in seeds, traits and agricultural chemicals; the company’s exposure to various contingencies, including those related to intellectual property protection, regulatory compliance and the speed with which approvals are received, and public understanding and acceptance of our biotechnology and other agricultural products; the success of the company’s research and development activities; the outcomes of major lawsuits; developments related to foreign currencies and economies; pursuit of acquisitions or other transactions; fluctuations in commodity prices; compliance with regulations affecting our manufacturing; the accuracy of the company’s estimates related to distribution inventory levels; recent increases in and expected higher levels of indebtedness; the company’s ability to fund its short-term financing needs and to obtain payment for the products that it sells; the effect of weather conditions, natural disasters, accidents and security breaches, including cybersecurity incidents, on the agriculture business or the company’s facilities; and other risks and factors described or referenced in Part II — Item 1A — Risk Factors — below and Part I — Item 1A of our Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended Aug. 31, 2015.

Our forward-looking statements represent our estimates and expectations and are based on currently available information at the time that we make those statements. However, circumstances change constantly, often unpredictably, and many events beyond our control will determine whether the expectations encompassed in our forward-looking statements will be realized. As a result, investors should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We disclaim any current intention or obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements, or the factors that may affect their realization, whether in light of new information, future events or otherwise, and investors should not rely on us to do so.

Table of Contents



MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS



PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION		Page
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
	Statements of Consolidated Operations	4
	Statements of Consolidated Comprehensive Income (Loss)	5
	Statements of Consolidated Financial Position	6
	Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows	7
	Statements of Consolidated Shareowners’ Equity	8
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	35
	Overview	35
	Results of Operations	37
	Seeds and Genomics Segment	40
	Agricultural Productivity Segment	41
	Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources	42
	Outlook	46
	Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates	48
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	48
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	48

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	50
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	50
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	50
Item 5.	Other Information	51
Item 6.	Exhibits	51
SIGNATURE		52
EXHIBIT INDEX		53

Table of Contents



MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION



ITEM 1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Statements of Consolidated Operations of Monsanto Company and its consolidated subsidiaries for the three and six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, and Feb. 28, 2015, the Statements of Consolidated Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, and Feb. 28, 2015, the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position as of Feb. 29, 2016, and Aug. 31, 2015, the Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows for the six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, and Feb. 28, 2015, the Statements of Consolidated Shareowners’ Equity for the six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, and year ended Aug. 31, 2015, and related Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements follow. Unless otherwise indicated, “Monsanto” and the “company” are used interchangeably to refer to Monsanto Company or to Monsanto Company and its consolidated subsidiaries, as appropriate to the context. Unless otherwise indicated, “earnings per share” and “per share” mean diluted earnings per share. In the notes to the consolidated financial statements, all dollars are expressed in millions, except per share amounts. Unless otherwise indicated, trademarks owned or licensed by Monsanto or its subsidiaries are shown in special type. Unless otherwise indicated, references to “Roundup herbicides” mean Roundup branded herbicides, excluding all lawn-and-garden herbicides and other glyphosate-based herbicides, and references to “Roundup and other glyphosate-based herbicides” exclude all lawn-and-garden herbicides.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

Statements of Consolidated Operations



Unaudited (Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	Feb. 29, 2016			Feb. 28, 2015			Feb. 29, 2016			Feb. 28, 2015
Net Sales	$	4,532		$	5,197		$	6,751		$	8,067
Cost of goods sold	1,934			2,158			3,252			3,617
Gross Profit	2,598			3,039			3,499			4,450
Operating Expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses	586			647			1,129			1,227
Research and development expenses	340			372			704			784
Restructuring charges	9			—			275			—
Total Operating Expenses	935			1,019			2,108			2,011
Income from Operations	1,663			2,020			1,391			2,439
Interest expense	103			92			232			207
Interest income	(17		)	(28		)	(37		)	(66		)
Other expense (income), net	170			(6		)	195			9
Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes	1,407			1,962			1,001			2,289
Income tax provision	350			550			213			650
Income from Continuing Operations Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest	$	1,057		$	1,412		$	788		$	1,639
Discontinued Operations:
Income from operations of discontinued business	4			11			24			37
Income tax provision	1			4			9			14
Income from Discontinued Operations	3			7			15			23
Net Income	$	1,060		$	1,419		$	803		$	1,662
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	(3		)	(6		)	(7		)	(6		)
Net Income Attributable to Monsanto Company	$	1,063		$	1,425		$	810		$	1,668
Amounts Attributable to Monsanto Company:
Income from continuing operations	$	1,060		$	1,418		$	795		$	1,645
Income from discontinued operations	3			7			15			23
Net Income Attributable to Monsanto Company	$	1,063		$	1,425		$	810		$	1,668
Basic Earnings per Share Attributable to Monsanto Company:
Income from continuing operations	$	2.42		$	2.93		$	1.78		$	3.40
Income from discontinued operations	—			0.02			0.03			0.05
Income Attributable to Monsanto Company	$	2.42		$	2.95		$	1.81		$	3.45
Diluted Earnings per Share Attributable to Monsanto Company:
Income from continuing operations	$	2.40		$	2.90		$	1.76		$	3.36
Income from discontinued operations	0.01			0.02			0.04			0.05
Net Income Attributable to Monsanto Company	$	2.41		$	2.92		$	1.80		$	3.41
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding:
Basic	438.6			483.4			447.2			483.9
Diluted	441.7			488.1			451.0			488.8
Dividends Declared per Share	$	1.08		$	0.98		$	1.08		$	0.98

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

Statements of Consolidated Comprehensive Income (Loss)



Unaudited (Dollars in millions)	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	Feb. 29, 2016			Feb. 28, 2015			Feb. 29, 2016			Feb. 28, 2015
Comprehensive (Loss) Income Attributable to Monsanto Company
Net Income Attributable to Monsanto Company	$	1,063		$	1,425		$	810		$	1,668
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax:
Foreign currency translation, net of tax of $(2), $(24), $(1), and $(30), respectively	(37		)	(621		)	(266		)	(1,105		)
Postretirement benefit plan activity, net of tax of $4, $6, $9, and $12, respectively	6			10			16			20
Unrealized net gain (losses) on investment holdings, net of tax of $0, $3, $(1), and $0, respectively	—			5			(2		)	—
Unrealized net derivative losses, net of tax of $(17), $(25), $(21), and $(27), respectively	(31		)	(32		)	(31		)	(27		)
Realized net derivative losses, net of tax of $21, $15, $26, and $15, respectively	29			24			33			23
Total Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax	(33		)	(614		)	(250		)	(1,089		)
Comprehensive Income Attributable to Monsanto Company	$	1,030		$	811		$	560		$	579
Comprehensive Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests	(3		)	(6		)	(7		)	(6		)
Other Comprehensive Loss
Foreign currency translation	(1		)	—			(2		)	(1		)
Total Other Comprehensive Loss	(1		)	—			(2		)	(1		)
Comprehensive Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests	$	(4	)	$	(6	)	$	(9	)	$	(7	)
Total Comprehensive Income	$	1,026		$	805		$	551		$	572

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

Statements of Consolidated Financial Position



Unaudited (Dollars in millions, except share amounts)	As of
	Feb. 29, 2016			Aug. 31, 2015
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents (variable interest entity restricted - 2016: $20 and 2015: $112)	$	1,050		$	3,701
Short-term investments	12			47
Trade receivables, net (variable interest entity restricted - 2016: $95 and 2015: $0)	1,828			1,636
Miscellaneous receivables	699			803
Deferred tax assets	760			743
Inventory, net	3,704			3,496
Other current assets	430			199
Total Current Assets	8,483			10,625
Total property, plant and equipment	10,530			10,428
Less accumulated depreciation	5,638			5,455
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net (variable interest entity restricted - 2016: $1 and 2015: $2)	4,892			4,973
Goodwill	3,994			4,061
Other Intangible Assets, Net	1,182			1,332
Noncurrent Deferred Tax Assets	236			277
Long-Term Receivables, Net	35			42
Other Assets	591			610
Total Assets	$	19,413		$	21,920
Liabilities and Shareowners’ Equity
Current Liabilities:
Short-term debt, including current portion of long-term debt (variable interest entity restricted - 2016: $94 and 2015: $0)	$	1,083		$	615
Accounts payable (variable interest entity restricted - 2016: $7 and 2015: $6)	635			836
Income taxes payable	273			234
Accrued compensation and benefits (variable interest entity restricted - 2016: $2 and 2015: $2)	190			304
Accrued marketing programs	1,219			1,492
Deferred revenue	1,161			370
Grower production accruals	197			39
Dividends payable	236			254
Customer payable	19			72
Restructuring reserves	243			170
Miscellaneous short-term accruals (variable interest entity restricted - 2016: $9 and 2015: $7)	683			791
Total Current Liabilities	5,939			5,177
Long-Term Debt (variable interest entity restricted - 2016: $0 and 2015: $96)	7,945			8,429
Postretirement Liabilities	335			336
Long-Term Deferred Revenue	44			47
Noncurrent Deferred Tax Liabilities	352			340
Long-Term Portion of Environmental and Litigation Liabilities	192			194
Long-Term Restructuring Reserves	122			47
Other Liabilities	333			345
Shareowners’ Equity:
Common stock (authorized: 1,500,000,000 shares, par value $0.01)
Issued 610,376,659 and 609,350,452 shares, respectively
Outstanding 436,736,829 and 467,903,711 shares, respectively	6			6
Treasury stock 173,639,830 and 141,446,741 shares, respectively, at cost	(15,053		)	(12,053		)
Additional contributed capital	11,541			11,464
Retained earnings	10,709			10,374
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,051		)	(2,801		)
Total Monsanto Company Shareowners’ Equity	4,152			6,990
Noncontrolling Interest	(1		)	15
Total Shareowners’ Equity	4,151			7,005
Total Liabilities and Shareowners’ Equity	$	19,413		$	21,920

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows



Unaudited (Dollars in millions)	Six Months Ended
	Feb. 29, 2016			Feb. 28, 2015
Operating Activities:
Net Income	$	803		$	1,662
Adjustments to reconcile cash provided by operating activities:
Items that did not require (provide) cash:
Depreciation and amortization	364			362
Bad-debt expense	25			31
Stock-based compensation expense	69			61
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation	(8		)	(33		)
Deferred income taxes	(1		)	(74		)
Restructuring impairments	104			—
Equity affiliate expense, net	3			5
Net gain on sale of a business or other assets	—			(2		)
Other items	88			69
Changes in assets and liabilities that (required) provided cash, net of acquisitions:
Trade receivables, net	(275		)	(482		)
Inventory, net	(384		)	(697		)
Deferred revenue	813			657
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities	(334		)	188
Restructuring, net	152			—
Pension contributions	(13		)	(18		)
Other items	(17		)	(211		)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	1,389			1,518
Cash Flows Provided (Required) by Investing Activities:
Maturities of short-term investments	35			40
Capital expenditures	(489		)	(511		)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired	—			(8		)
Purchases of long-term debt and equity securities	—			(30		)
Technology and other investments	(33		)	(26		)
Other proceeds	4			3
Net Cash Required by Investing Activities	(483		)	(532		)
Cash Flows Provided (Required) by Financing Activities:
Net change in financing with less than 90-day maturities	203			145
Short-term debt proceeds	4			15
Short-term debt reductions	(231		)	(36		)
Long-term debt proceeds	9			368
Long-term debt reductions	(4		)	(5		)
Debt issuance costs	—			(4		)
Treasury stock purchases	(3,001		)	(492		)
Stock option exercises	23			94
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation	8			33
Tax withholding on restricted stock and restricted stock units	(21		)	(29		)
Dividend payments	(491		)	(475		)
Payments to noncontrolling interests	(1		)	(20		)
Net Cash Required by Financing Activities	(3,502		)	(406		)
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents	(55		)	(215		)
Net (Decrease) Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents	(2,651		)	365
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period	3,701			2,367
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period	$	1,050		$	2,732

See Note 18 — Supplemental Cash Flow Information for further details.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

Statements of Consolidated Shareowners’ Equity



	Monsanto Shareowners
Unaudited (Dollars in millions, except per share data)	Common Stock		Treasury Stock			Additional Contributed Capital			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) ⁽¹⁾			Non-Controlling Interest			Total
Balance as of Aug. 31, 2014	$	6	$	(10,032	)	$	10,003		$	9,012		$	(1,114	)	$	39		$	7,914
Net income	—		—			—			2,314			—			11			2,325
Other comprehensive loss	—		—			—			—			(1,687		)	(4		)	(1,691		)
Treasury stock purchases	—		(2,021		)	1,200			—			—			—			(821		)
Restricted stock withholding	—		—			(29		)	—			—			—			(29		)
Issuance of shares under employee stock plans	—		—			138			—			—			—			138
Net excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation	—		—			40			—			—			—			40
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—			112			—			—			—			112
Cash dividends of $2.01 per common share	—		—			—			(952		)	—			—			(952		)
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest	—		—			—			—			—			(3		)	(3		)
Payments to noncontrolling interest	—		—			—			—			—			(28		)	(28		)
Balance as of Aug. 31, 2015	$	6	$	(12,053	)	$	11,464		$	10,374		$	(2,801	)	$	15		$	7,005
Net income (loss)	—		—			—			810			—			(7		)	803
Other comprehensive loss	—		—			—			—			(250		)	(2		)	(252		)
Treasury stock purchases	—		(3,000		)	(1		)	—			—			—			(3,001		)
Restricted stock and restricted stock unit withholding	—		—			(21		)	—			—			—			(21		)
Issuance of shares under employee stock plans	—		—			23			—			—			—			23
Net excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation	—		—			7			—			—			—			7
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—			69			—			—			—			69
Cash dividends of $1.08 per common share	—		—			—			(475		)	—			—			(475		)
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest	—		—			—			—			—			(5		)	(5		)
Payments to noncontrolling interest	—		—			—			—			—			(2		)	(2		)
Balance as of Feb. 29, 2016	$	6	$	(15,053	)	$	11,541		$	10,709		$	(3,051	)	$	(1	)	$	4,151


(1)	See Note 16 — Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss — for further details of the components of accumulated other comprehensive (loss).

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED


NOTE 1.	BACKGROUND AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Monsanto Company, along with its subsidiaries, is a leading global provider of agricultural products for farmers. Monsanto’s seeds, biotechnology trait products, herbicides and digital agriculture tools provide farmers with solutions that help improve productivity, reduce the costs of farming and produce better food for consumers and better feed for animals.

Monsanto manages its business in two segments: Seeds and Genomics and Agricultural Productivity. Through the Seeds and Genomics segment, Monsanto produces leading seed brands, including DEKALB, Asgrow, Deltapine, Seminis and De Ruiter, and Monsanto develops biotechnology traits that assist farmers in controlling insects and weeds and digital agriculture to assist farmers in decision making. Monsanto also provides other seed companies with genetic material and biotechnology traits for their seed brands. Through the Agricultural Productivity segment, the company manufactures Roundup and Harness brand herbicides and other herbicides. See Note 20 — Segment Information — for further details.

In the fourth quarter of 2008, the company announced plans to divest its animal agricultural products business, which focused on dairy cow productivity and was previously reported as part of the Agricultural Productivity segment. This transaction was consummated on Oct. 1, 2008, and included a 10-year earn-out with potential annual payments being earned by Monsanto if certain revenue levels are exceeded. As a result, financial data for this business has been presented as discontinued operations.

On Nov. 2, 2015, the company signed a definitive agreement with Deere & Company to sell the Precision Planting equipment business for approximately $190 million in cash, subject to customary working capital adjustments. As of Feb. 29, 2016, Monsanto has $193 million of assets and $7 million of liabilities classified as held for sale within other current assets and miscellaneous short-term accruals, respectively, on the Statement of Consolidated Financial Position. The assets were primarily classified as inventory, net; trade receivables, net; property, plant, and equipment, net; goodwill; and other intangible assets, net as of Aug. 31, 2015, and the liabilities were primarily classified as accrued marketing programs and accounts payable as of Aug. 31, 2015. Closing is expected to occur in fiscal year 2016 and remains subject to customary closing conditions including regulatory approvals.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have not been audited but have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information and with instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, these unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods reported. This Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with Monsanto’s Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended Aug. 31, 2015. Financial information for the second quarter and first six months of fiscal year 2016 should not be annualized because of the seasonality of the company’s business.

Significant Accounting Policy Update

Promotional, Advertising and Customer Incentive Program Costs: Promotional and advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Statements of Consolidated Operations. Customer incentive program costs are recorded in accordance with the Revenue Recognition topic of the Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC"), based on specific performance criteria met by our customers, such as purchase volumes, promptness of payment and share increases. The company introduced new Agricultural Productivity customer incentive programs during first quarter 2016 providing certain customers price protection consideration if standard published prices are lowered from the price the distributor was charged on eligible products on or before Apr. 30, 2016. The associated cost of these programs is recorded in net sales in the Statement of Consolidated Operations. As actual expenses are not known at the time of sale, an estimate based on the best available information (such as historical experience and market research) is used as a basis for recording customer incentive program liabilities. Management analyzes and reviews the customer incentive program balances on a quarterly basis and adjustments are recorded as appropriate.


NOTE 2.	NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued accounting guidance, "Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting" which will simplify the income tax consequences, accounting for forfeitures and classification on the Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after Dec. 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. Monsanto is required to adopt the standard in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018. The company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued accounting guidance, "Leases" which will supersede the existing lease guidance and will require all leases with a term greater than 12 months to be recognized in the statements of financial position and eliminate current real estate-specific lease guidance, while maintaining substantially similar classification criteria for distinguishing

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)

between finance leases and operating leases. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after Dec. 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. This standard will be adopted on a modified retrospective basis. Monsanto is required to adopt the standard in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020. The company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2016, the FASB issued accounting guidance, "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" which would require equity investments not accounted for as an equity method investment or that result in consolidation to be recorded at their fair value with changes in fair value recognized in the Statements of Consolidated Operations. Those equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value may be measured at cost less impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after Dec. 15, 2017, with early adoption prohibited. Monsanto is required to adopt the standard in the first quarter of fiscal year 2019. The company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2015, the FASB issued accounting guidance, "Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes" which removes the requirement to separate deferred tax liabilities and assets into current and noncurrent amounts and instead requires all such amounts be classified as noncurrent on the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after Dec. 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted, including adoption in an interim period, for financial periods not yet reported. The standard may be adopted on a prospective or retrospective basis. Monsanto anticipates early adopting this guidance in the third quarter of fiscal year 2016 on a prospective basis. The company expects the adoption of this guidance will result in a material decrease in working capital upon adoption.

In September 2015, the FASB issued accounting guidance, "Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments" in business combinations. This standard eliminates the need for an acquirer in a business combination to recognize measurement-period adjustments retrospectively, but instead measurement-period adjustments are to be recorded during the period in which the amount of the adjustment is determined, including the effect on earnings of any amount that would have been recorded in a previous period had the amount been recorded at the acquisition date. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after Dec. 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. Accordingly, Monsanto will adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal year 2017. The company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In July 2015, the FASB issued accounting guidance, "Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory" which requires inventory to be carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value if the FIFO or average cost method is used. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after Dec. 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. Monsanto will adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018. Adoption will be applied prospectively from the beginning of the reporting period in which the standard is adopted. The company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In April 2015, the FASB issued accounting guidance, "Customer's Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement" which provides explicit guidance on the recognition of fees paid by a customer for cloud computing arrangements as either the acquisition of a software license or a service contract. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after Dec. 15, 2015. Monsanto must elect to adopt either retrospectively or prospectively, with early adoption permitted. Accordingly, Monsanto is required to adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal year 2017. The company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2015, the FASB issued accounting guidance, "Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis" which changes the guidance with respect to the analysis that a reporting entity must perform to determine whether it should consolidate certain types of legal entities. All legal entities are subject to reevaluation under the revised consolidation model. The new guidance affects the following areas: (1) limited partnerships and similar legal entities, (2) evaluating fees paid to a decision maker or a service provider as a variable interest, (3) the effect of fee arrangements on the primary beneficiary determination, (4) the effect of related parties on the primary beneficiary determination and (5) certain investment funds. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after Dec. 15, 2015. Accordingly, Monsanto is required to adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal year 2017. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity early adopts the guidance in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. A reporting entity may apply the amendments in this guidance using a modified retrospective approach by recording a cumulative effect adjustment to equity as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)

A reporting entity also may apply the amendments retrospectively. The company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In June 2014, the FASB issued accounting guidance, "Compensation - Stock Compensation" which seeks to resolve the diversity in practice that exists when accounting for share-based payments. The new guidance requires a performance target that affects vesting and that could be achieved after the requisite service period to be treated as a performance condition. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after Dec. 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. Monsanto will adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal year 2017. The guidance may be adopted either prospectively to all awards granted or modified after the effective date or retrospectively to all awards with performance targets that are outstanding as of the beginning of the earliest annual period presented in the financial statements and to all new or modified awards thereafter. The company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In May 2014, the FASB issued accounting guidance, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" which was further clarified in March 2016. The core principle of the new standard is for companies to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration (that is, payment) to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new standard also will result in enhanced disclosures about revenue, provide guidance for transactions that were not previously addressed comprehensively (for example, service revenue and contract modifications) and clarify guidance for multiple-element arrangements. Entities have the option to apply the new guidance under a retrospective approach to each prior reporting period presented or a modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially applying the new guidance recognized at the date of initial application within the Statement of Consolidated Financial Position. In August 2015, the FASB amended the guidance to allow for the deferral of the effective date of this standard. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after Dec. 15, 2017. Accordingly, Monsanto will adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal year 2019. One-year early adoption is permitted. The company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In April 2014, the FASB issued accounting guidance, "Presentation of Financial Statements and Property, Plant, and Equipment." The new standard raises the threshold for a disposal transaction to qualify as a discontinued operation and requires additional disclosures about discontinued operations and disposals of individually significant components that do not qualify as discontinued operations. This standard is effective prospectively for all disposals of components that occur within annual periods beginning on or after Dec. 15, 2014, and interim periods within those years. Accordingly, Monsanto adopted this standard in the first quarter of fiscal year 2016.


NOTE 3.	RESTRUCTURING

Restructuring charges were recorded in the Statements of Consolidated Operations as follows:



	Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)	Feb. 29, 2016			Feb. 29, 2016
Cost of Goods Sold⁽¹⁾	$	—		$	(52	)
Restructuring Charges⁽¹⁾	(9		)	(275		)
Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes	$	(9	)	$	(327	)
Income Tax Provision	3			111
Net Income	$	(6	)	$	(216	)

(1)

For the six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, $52 million of restructuring charges in cost of goods sold was recorded to the Seeds and Genomics segment. For the three months ended Feb. 29, 2016, $9 million of restructuring charges was recorded to the Seeds and Genomics segment. For the six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, the $275 million of restructuring charges was split by segment as follows: $246 million in Seeds and Genomics and $29 million in Agricultural Productivity.

On Oct. 6, 2015, the company approved actions to realign resources to increase productivity, enhance competitiveness by delivering cost improvements and support long-term growth. On Jan. 5, 2016, the company approved additional actions which together with the Oct. 6, 2015, actions comprise the 2015 Restructuring Plan. Actions include streamlining and reprioritizing some commercial, enabling, supply chain and research and development efforts.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)

Cumulative pretax charges related to the 2015 Restructuring Plan are estimated to be $1.1 billion to $1.2 billion. Implementation of the 2015 Restructuring Plan is expected to be completed by the end of fiscal year 2018, and substantially all of the cash payments are expected to be made by the end of fiscal year 2018. These pretax charges are currently estimated to be comprised of the following categories: $475 million to $510 million in work force reductions, including severance and related benefits; $175 million to $205 million in facility closures/exit costs, including contract termination costs; $450 million to $485 million in asset impairments and write-offs related to property, plant and equipment, inventory and goodwill and other intangible assets. These pretax charges are currently estimated to be incurred primarily by the Seeds and Genomics segment.

The following table displays the pretax charges incurred by segment under the 2015 Restructuring Plan. There were no charges incurred during the three months and six months ended Feb. 28, 2015.



	Three months ended Feb. 29, 2016						Six months ended Feb. 29, 2016						Cumulative Amount through Feb. 29, 2016
(Dollars in millions)	Seeds and Genomics		Agricultural Productivity		Total		Seeds and Genomics		Agricultural Productivity		Total		Seeds and Genomics		Agricultural Productivity		Total
Work Force Reductions	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	208	$	9	$	217	$	412	$	22	$	434
Facility Closures/Exit Costs	4		—		4		6		—		6		6		—		6
Asset Impairments and Write-offs:
Property, plant and equipment	5		—		5		29		—		29		110		—		110
Inventory	—		—		—		37		—		37		88		—		88
Goodwill and other intangible assets	—		—		—		18		20		38		162		20		182
Total Restructuring Charges	$	9	$	—	$	9	$	298	$	29	$	327	$	778	$	42	$	820

The company’s written human resource policies are indicative of an ongoing benefit arrangement with respect to severance packages. Benefits paid pursuant to an ongoing benefit arrangement are specifically excluded from the Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations topic of the ASC; therefore, severance charges incurred in connection with the 2015 Restructuring Plan are accounted for when probable and estimable as required under the Compensation - Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits topic of the ASC. In addition, when the decision to commit to a restructuring plan requires an asset impairment review, Monsanto evaluates such impairment issues under the Property, Plant and Equipment topic of the ASC.

The following table summarizes the activities related to the company's 2015 Restructuring Plan.



(Dollars in millions)	Work Force Reductions⁽¹⁾			Facility Closures/Exit Costs			Asset Impairments and Write-offs			Total
Beginning Liability as of Aug. 31, 2015	$	217		$	—		$	—		$	217
Restructuring charges recognized in first six months of fiscal year 2016	217			6			104			327
Cash payments	(65		)	(6		)	—			(71		)
Asset impairments and write-offs	—			—			(104		)	(104		)
Foreign currency impact	(4		)	—			—			(4		)
Ending Liability as of Feb. 29, 2016	$	365		$	—		$	—		$	365


(1)	The restructuring liability balance included $122 million and $47 million that were recorded in long-term restructuring reserves in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position as of Feb. 29, 2016, and Aug. 31, 2015, respectively.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)


NOTE 4.	CUSTOMER FINANCING PROGRAMS

Monsanto participates in customer financing programs as follows:



	As of
(Dollars in millions)	Feb. 29, 2016		Aug. 31, 2015
Transactions that Qualify for Sales Treatment
U.S. agreement to sell trade receivables⁽¹⁾
Outstanding balance	$	39	$	851
Maximum future payout under recourse provisions	6		125
European and Latin American agreements to sell trade receivables⁽²⁾
Outstanding balance	$	26	$	124
Maximum future payout under recourse provisions	5		22
Agreements with Lenders⁽³⁾
Outstanding balance	$	80	$	75
Maximum future payout under the guarantee	54		62

The gross amounts of receivables sold under transactions that qualify for sales treatment were:



	Gross Amounts of Receivables Sold
	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)	Feb. 29, 2016		Feb. 28, 2015		Feb. 29, 2016		Feb. 28, 2015
Transactions that Qualify for Sales Treatment
U.S. agreement to sell trade receivables⁽¹⁾	$	—	$	—	$	16	$	4
European and Latin American agreements to sell trade receivables⁽²⁾	11		14		32		37

(1)

Monsanto has agreements in the United States to sell trade receivables, both with and without recourse, up to a maximum outstanding balance of $1.3 billion and to service such accounts. These receivables qualify for sales treatment under the Transfers and Servicing topic of the ASC and, accordingly, the proceeds are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows. The liability for the guarantees for sales with recourse is recorded at an amount that approximates fair value, based upon the company’s historical collection experience and a current assessment of credit exposure.

(2)

Monsanto has various agreements in European and Latin American countries to sell trade receivables, both with and without recourse. These receivables qualify for sales treatment under the Transfers and Servicing topic of the ASC and, accordingly, the proceeds are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows. The liability for the guarantees for sales with recourse is recorded at an amount that approximates fair value, based upon the company’s historical collection experience and a current assessment of credit exposure.

(3)

Monsanto has additional agreements with lenders to establish programs that provide financing for select customers in the United States, Brazil, Latin America and Europe. Monsanto provides various levels of recourse through guarantees of the accounts in the event of customer default. The term of the guarantee is equivalent to the term of the customer loans. The liability for the guarantees is recorded at an amount that approximates fair value, based on the company’s historical collection experience with customers that participate in the program and a current assessment of credit exposure. If performance is required under the guarantee, Monsanto may retain amounts that are subsequently collected from customers.

In addition to the arrangements in the above table, Monsanto also participates in a financing program in Brazil that allows Monsanto to transfer up to 1 billion Brazilian reais (approximately $251 million as of Feb. 29, 2016) for select customers in Brazil to a revolving financing program. Under the arrangement, a recourse provision requires Monsanto to cover the first credit losses within the program up to the amount of the company's investment. Credit losses above Monsanto's investment would be covered by senior interests in the entity by a reduction in the fair value of their mandatorily redeemable shares. The company evaluated its relationship with the entity under the guidance within the Consolidation topic of the ASC, and as a result, the entity has been consolidated. For further information on this topic, see Note 5 — Variable Interest Entities and Cost Basis Investments.

There were no significant recourse or non-recourse liabilities for all programs as of Feb. 29, 2016, and Aug. 31, 2015. There were no significant delinquent loans for all programs as of Feb. 29, 2016, and Aug. 31, 2015.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)


NOTE 5.	VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES AND COST BASIS INVESTMENTS

Variable Interest Entities

Monsanto has a financing program in Brazil that is recorded as a consolidated variable interest entity ("VIE"). For the most part, the VIE consists of a revolving financing program that is funded by investments from the company and other third parties, primarily investment funds, and has been established to service Monsanto’s customer receivables. Third parties, primarily investment funds, held senior interest of 89 percent and 90 percent in the entity as of Feb. 29, 2016, and Aug. 31, 2015, respectively, and Monsanto held the remaining 11 percent and ten percent interest, respectively. The senior interests held by third parties are mandatorily redeemable shares and are included in short-term debt in the Statement of Consolidated Financial Position as of Feb. 29, 2016, and are included in long-term debt in the Statement of Consolidated Financial Position as of Aug. 31, 2015.

Under the arrangement, Monsanto is required to maintain an investment in the VIE of at least ten percent and could be required to provide additional contributions to the VIE. Monsanto currently has no unfunded commitments to the VIE. Creditors have no recourse against Monsanto in the event of default by the VIE. The company’s financial or other support provided to the VIE is limited to its investment. Even though Monsanto holds a subordinate interest in the VIE, the VIE was established to service transactions involving the company, and the company determines the receivables that are included in the revolving financing program. Therefore, the determination is that Monsanto has the power to direct the activities most significant to the economic performance of the VIE. As a result, the company is the primary beneficiary of the VIE, and the VIE has been consolidated in Monsanto’s consolidated financial statements. The assets of the VIE may only be used to settle the obligations of the respective entity. Third-party investors in the VIE do not have recourse to the general assets of Monsanto. See Note 4 — Customer Financing Programs and Note 11 — Fair Value Measurements— for additional information.

Monsanto has entered into several agreements with third parties to establish entities to focus on research and development related to various activities including agricultural fungicides and biologicals for agricultural applications. All such entities are recorded as consolidated VIEs of Monsanto. Under each of the arrangements, Monsanto holds call options to acquire the majority of the equity interests in each VIE from the third-party owners. Monsanto will fund the operations of the VIEs in return for either additional equity interests or to retain the call options. The funding will be provided in separate research phases if research milestones are met. The VIEs were established to perform agricultural-based research and development activities for the benefit of Monsanto, and Monsanto provides all funding of the VIEs' activities. Further, Monsanto has the power to direct the activities most significant to the VIEs. As a result, Monsanto is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs and the VIEs have been consolidated in Monsanto's consolidated financial statements. The third-party owners of the VIEs do not have recourse to the general assets of Monsanto at any given time relating to the VIEs.

Cost Basis Investments

Monsanto has cost basis investments recorded in other assets in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position. As of Feb. 29, 2016, and Aug. 31, 2015, these investments were recorded at $95 million and $90 million, respectively. Due to the nature of these investments, the fair market value is not readily determinable. These investments are reviewed for impairment indicators.


NOTE 6.	RECEIVABLES

Trade receivables in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position are net of allowances of $67 million and $59 million as of Feb. 29, 2016, and Aug. 31, 2015, respectively.

The company has financing receivables that represent long-term customer receivable balances related to past due accounts which are not expected to be collected within the current year. The long-term customer receivables were $154 million and $156 million with a corresponding allowance for credit losses on these receivables of $125 million and $120 million as of Feb. 29, 2016, and Aug. 31, 2015, respectively. These long-term customer receivable balances and the corresponding allowance are included in long-term receivables, net in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position. For these long-term customer receivables, interest is no longer accrued when the receivable is determined to be delinquent and classified as long-term based on estimated timing of collection.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)

The following table displays a roll forward of the allowance for credit losses related to long-term customer receivables.



(Dollars in millions)
Balance as of Aug. 31, 2014	$	125
Incremental Provision	9
Recoveries	(3		)
Write-offs	(28		)
Other⁽¹⁾	17
Balance as of Aug. 31, 2015	$	120
Incremental Provision	3
Write-offs	(3		)
Other⁽¹⁾	5
Balance as of Feb. 29, 2016	$	125

(1)Includes reclassifications from the allowance for current receivables and foreign currency translation adjustments.

On an ongoing basis, the company evaluates credit quality of its financing receivables utilizing aging of receivables, collection experience and write-offs, as well as evaluating existing economic conditions, to determine if an allowance is necessary.


NOTE 7.	INVENTORY

Components of inventory are:



	As of
(Dollars in millions)	Feb. 29, 2016			Aug. 31, 2015
Finished Goods	$	1,839		$	1,603
Goods In Process	1,535			1,627
Raw Materials and Supplies	491			420
Inventory at FIFO Cost	3,865			3,650
Excess of FIFO over LIFO Cost	(161		)	(154		)
Total	$	3,704		$	3,496


NOTE 8.	GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Changes in the net carrying amount of goodwill for the first six months of fiscal year 2016, by segment, are as follows:



(Dollars in millions)	Seeds and Genomics			Agricultural Productivity		Total
Balance as of Aug. 31, 2015	$	4,004		$	57	$	4,061
Effect of foreign currency translation and other adjustments	(29		)	3		(26		)
Reclass to held for sale	(41		)	—		(41		)
Balance as of Feb. 29, 2016	$	3,934		$	60	$	3,994

There were no events or circumstances indicating that goodwill might be impaired as of Feb. 29, 2016. The fiscal year 2016 annual goodwill impairment test will be performed as of Mar. 1, 2016. See Note 1 — Background and Basis of Presentation — for further information on the reclass to held for sale.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)

Information regarding the company’s other intangible assets is as follows:



	As of Feb. 29, 2016							As of Aug. 31, 2015
(Dollars in millions)	Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net
Acquired Germplasm	$	1,068	$	(760	)	$	308	$	1,074	$	(750	)	$	324
Acquired Intellectual Property	1,046		(565		)	481		1,168		(598		)	570
Trademarks	341		(154		)	187		353		(152		)	201
Customer Relationships	298		(211		)	87		318		(212		)	106
Other	73		(45		)	28		176		(146		)	30
Total Other Intangible Assets, Finite Lives	$	2,826	$	(1,735	)	$	1,091	$	3,089	$	(1,858	)	$	1,231
In Process Research & Development, Indefinite Lives	91		—			91		101		—			101
Total Other Intangible Assets	$	2,917	$	(1,735	)	$	1,182	$	3,190	$	(1,858	)	$	1,332

The decrease in total other intangible assets, net during the six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, is primarily related to amortization expense and intangible impairments. See Note 11 — Fair Value Measurements and Note 3 — Restructuring — for further information on the impairments.

Total amortization expense of total other intangible assets was $28 million and $36 million for the three months ended Feb. 29, 2016, and Feb. 28, 2015, respectively, and $59 million and $73 million for the six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, and Feb. 28, 2015, respectively.

The estimated intangible asset amortization expense for fiscal year 2016 through fiscal year 2020 is as follows:



(Dollars in millions)	Amount
2016	$	145
2017	147
2018	109
2019	109
2020	106


NOTE 9.	DEFERRED REVENUE

As of Feb. 29, 2016, and Aug. 31, 2015, short-term deferred revenue was $1,161 million and $370 million, respectively. These balances primarily consist of cash received related to Monsanto's prepayment programs in the United States and Brazil. These programs allow Monsanto's customers to receive a discount if they prepay by a certain date, and the short-term deferred revenue balance is consistent with the seasonality of Monsanto's business. Prepayment options are attractive to customers given the discounted pricing and the ability to utilize cash flow from the current year grain harvest to pay for the next season seed purchases. The deferred revenue balance related to these prepayment programs is considered short-term in nature and thus classified in current liabilities as the prepayments are for products to be shipped within the next 12 months.


NOTE 10.	DEBT AND OTHER CREDIT ARRANGEMENTS

In June 2014, Monsanto filed a shelf registration with the SEC ("2014 shelf registration") that allows the company to issue an unlimited capacity of debt, equity and hybrid offerings until filing of the company's annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending Aug. 31, 2016.

Monsanto has a $3 billion credit facility agreement that provides a senior unsecured revolving credit facility through Mar. 27, 2020. As of Feb. 29, 2016, Monsanto was in compliance with all debt covenants, and there were no outstanding borrowings under this credit facility.

Monsanto's short-term debt instruments include commercial paper, the current portion of long-term debt and notes payable to banks. As of Feb. 29, 2016, Monsanto had commercial paper borrowings outstanding of $200 million which are included in short-term debt on the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position. As of Aug. 31, 2015, there were no commercial paper borrowings outstanding. Additionally, as of Feb. 29, 2016, the mandatorily redeemable shares of a VIE were classified as short-term debt instruments. These instruments were classified as long-term debt as of Aug. 31, 2015.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)

In April 2015, Monsanto issued $300 million of 2.85% Senior Notes due in 2025 and $500 million of 3.95% Senior Notes due in 2045. In January 2015, Monsanto issued $365 million of 4.30% Senior Notes due in 2045. All notes were issued under the 2014 shelf registration. The net proceeds from the issuances were used for general corporate purposes, which include share repurchases and capital expenditures.

The fair value of total short-term debt was $1,084 million and $619 million as of Feb. 29, 2016, and Aug. 31, 2015, respectively. The fair value of the total long-term debt was $7,720 million and $8,124 million as of Feb. 29, 2016, and Aug. 31, 2015, respectively. See Note 11 — Fair Value Measurements — for additional information.


NOTE 11.	FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Monsanto determines the fair market value of its financial assets and liabilities based on quoted market prices, estimates from brokers and other appropriate valuation techniques. The company uses the fair value hierarchy established in the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures topic of the ASC, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The hierarchy contains three levels as follows, with Level 3 representing the lowest level of input.

Level 1 — Values based on unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2 — Values based on quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, discounted cash flow models, or other model-based valuation techniques adjusted, as necessary, for credit risk.

Level 3 — Values generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions would reflect our own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques could include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

The following tables set forth by level Monsanto’s assets and liabilities disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis as of Feb. 29, 2016, and Aug. 31, 2015. As required by the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures topic of the ASC, assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is a significant component of the fair value measurement. Monsanto’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the classification of fair value assets and liabilities within the fair value hierarchy levels.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)



	Fair Value Measurements at Feb. 29, 2016, Using
(Dollars in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Net Balance
Assets at Fair Value:
Cash equivalents	$	433	$	—	$	—	$	433
Short-term investments	12		—		—		12
Equity securities	14		—		—		14
Derivative assets related to:
Foreign currency contracts	—		32		—		32
Commodity contracts	2		2		—		4
Total Assets at Fair Value	$	461	$	34	$	—	$	495
Liabilities at Fair Value:
Short-term debt instruments⁽¹⁾	$	—	$	990	$	94	$	1,084
Long-term debt instruments⁽¹⁾	—		7,720		—		7,720
Derivative liabilities related to:
Foreign currency contracts	—		12		—		12
Commodity contracts	23		40		—		63
Interest rate contracts	—		22		—		22
Total Liabilities at Fair Value	$	23	$	8,784	$	94	$	8,901


(1)	Debt instruments, excluding mandatorily redeemable shares, are not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis; however, they are measured at fair value for disclosure purposes, as required by the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures topic of the ASC.



	Fair Value Measurements at Aug. 31, 2015, Using
(Dollars in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Net Balance
Assets at Fair Value:
Cash equivalents	$	3,213	$	—	$	—	$	3,213
Short-term investments	47		—		—		47
Equity securities	17		—		—		17
Derivative assets related to:
Foreign currency	—		40		—		40
Commodity contracts	1		7		—		8
Interest rate contracts	—		2		—		2
Total Assets at Fair Value	$	3,278	$	49	$	—	$	3,327
Liabilities at Fair Value:
Short-term debt instruments⁽¹⁾	$	—	$	619	$	—	$	619
Long-term debt instruments⁽¹⁾	—		8,028		96		8,124
Derivative liabilities related to:
Foreign currency	—		11		—		11
Commodity contracts	35		50		—		85
Total Liabilities at Fair Value	$	35	$	8,708	$	96	$	8,839


(1)	Debt instruments, excluding mandatorily redeemable shares, are not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis; however, they are measured at fair value for disclosure purposes, as required by the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures topic of the ASC.

The company’s derivative contracts are measured at fair value, including forward commodity purchase and sale contracts, exchange-traded commodity futures and option contracts, and over-the-counter ("OTC") instruments related primarily to agricultural commodities, energy and raw materials, interest rates and foreign currencies. Exchange-traded futures and options contracts are valued based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets and are classified as Level 1. Fair value for forward commodity purchase and sale contracts is estimated based on exchange-quoted prices adjusted for differences in local markets. These differences are generally determined using inputs from broker or dealer quotations or market transactions in either the

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)

listed or OTC markets and are classified as Level 2. Interest rate contracts consist of interest rate swaps measured using broker or dealer quoted prices. When observable inputs are available for substantially the full term of the contract, it is classified as Level 2. Based on historical experience with the company’s suppliers and customers, the company’s own credit risk and knowledge of current market conditions, the company does not view nonperformance risk to be a significant input to the fair value for the majority of its forward commodity purchase and sale contracts. The effective portions of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are recognized in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss until the hedged items are recorded in earnings or it is probable the hedged transaction will no longer occur. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognized in the Statements of Consolidated Operations as a component of net sales, cost of goods sold and other expense, net.

The company’s short-term investments may consist of commercial paper and cash which is contractually restricted as to withdrawal or usage. The company’s equity securities consist of publicly traded equity investments. Commercial paper and publicly traded equity investments are valued using quoted market prices and are classified as Level 1. Contractually restricted cash may be held in an interest bearing account measured using prevailing interest rates and are classified as Level 1. Short-term debt instruments are classified as Level 2. The company's long-term debt securities are classified as Level 2 and valued using broker or dealer quoted prices with a maturity greater than one year.

Short-term debt instruments may consist of commercial paper, current portion of long-term debt, mandatorily redeemable shares, and notes payable to banks. Commercial paper and notes payables to banks are recorded at amortized cost in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position, which approximates fair value. Current portion of long-term debt is measured at fair value for disclosure purposes and determined based on current market yields for Monsanto's debt traded in the secondary market. Mandatorily redeemable shares are recorded in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position at fair value, which represents the amount of cash the consolidated variable interest entity would pay if settlement occurred as of the respective reporting date. Fair value of the mandatorily redeemable shares of the variable interest entity is calculated using observable and unobservable inputs from an interest rate market in Brazil and stated contractual terms (a Level 3 measurement).

See Note 10 — Debt and Other Credit Arrangements — for additional disclosures. Accretion expense is included in the Statements of Consolidated Operations as interest expense.

Long-term debt was measured at fair value for disclosure purposes and determined based on current market yields for Monsanto's debt traded in the secondary market.

For the six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, and Feb. 28, 2015, the company had no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3. Monsanto does not have any assets with fair value determined using Level 3 inputs as of Feb. 29, 2016, and Aug. 31, 2015. The following table summarizes the change in fair value of the Level 3 long-term debt instrument for the six months ended Feb. 29, 2016.



(Dollars in millions)
Balance Aug. 31, 2015⁽¹⁾	$	96
Reclass to short-term	(96		)
Balance Feb. 29, 2016	$	—


(1)	Includes 350,000 mandatorily redeemable shares outstanding with a par value of 1,000 Brazilian reais (approximately $274) as of Aug. 31, 2015.

The following table summarizes the change in fair value of the Level 3 short-term debt instrument for the six months ended Feb. 29, 2016.



(Dollars in millions)
Balance Aug. 31, 2015	$	—
Reclass from long-term	96
Accretion expense	6
Effect of foreign currency translation adjustments	(8		)
Balance Feb. 29, 2016⁽¹⁾	$	94


(1)	Includes 350,000 mandatorily redeemable shares outstanding with a par value of 1,000 Brazilian reais (approximately $251) as of Feb. 29, 2016.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)

There were no significant measurements of liabilities to their implied fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, and Feb. 28, 2015.

There were no significant measurements of assets to their implied fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the six months ended Feb. 28, 2015. Significant measurements during the three and six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, of assets to their implied fair value on a nonrecurring basis were as follows:

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net: During the three months ended Feb. 29, 2016, property, plant and equipment within the Seeds and Genomics segment with a net book value of $10 million was written down to its implied fair value estimate of $5 million, resulting in an impairment charge of $5 million, with $5 million included in restructuring charges in the Statement of Consolidated Operations. The implied fair value calculations were performed using a discounted cash flow model (a Level 3 measurement). See Note 3 — Restructuring — for additional disclosures.

During the six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, property, plant and equipment within the Seeds and Genomics segment with a net book value of $44 million was written down to its implied fair value estimate of $15 million, resulting in an impairment charge of $29 million, with $15 million included in cost of goods sold and $14 million included in restructuring charges in the Statement of Consolidated Operations. The implied fair value calculations were performed using a discounted cash flow model (a Level 3 measurement). See Note 3 — Restructuring — for additional disclosures.

Other Intangible Assets, Net: During the six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, other intangible assets within the Seeds and Genomics segment with a net book value of $16 million were written down to their implied fair value of less than $1 million, resulting in an impairment charge of $16 million, with $16 million included in restructuring charges in the Statement of Consolidated Operations. The implied fair value calculations were performed using a discounted cash flow model (a Level 3 measurement). See Note 3 — Restructuring — for additional disclosures.

During the six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, other intangible assets within the Agricultural Productivity segment with a net book value of $20 million were written down to their implied fair value of less than $1 million, resulting in an impairment charge of $20 million, with $20 million included in restructuring charges in the Statement of Consolidated Operations. The implied fair value calculations were performed using a discounted cash flow model (a Level 3 measurement). See Note 3 — Restructuring — for additional disclosures.

Other Assets: During the six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, a long-term investment within the Seeds and Genomics segment with a net book value of $7 million was written down to its implied fair value estimate of $5 million, resulting in an impairment charge of $2 million, with $2 million included in restructuring charges in the Statement of Consolidated Operations. The implied fair value calculations were performed using a discounted cash flow model (a Level 3 measurement). See Note 3 — Restructuring — for additional disclosures.

The recorded amounts of cash, trade receivables, miscellaneous receivables, third-party guarantees, accounts payable, grower production accruals, accrued marketing programs and miscellaneous short-term accruals approximate their fair values as of Feb. 29, 2016, and Aug. 31, 2015.

Management is ultimately responsible for all fair values presented in the company’s consolidated financial statements. The company performs analysis and review of the information and prices received from third parties to ensure that the prices represent a reasonable estimate of fair value. This process involves quantitative and qualitative analysis. As a result of the analysis, if the company determines there is a more appropriate fair value based upon the available market data, the price received from the third party is adjusted accordingly.


NOTE 12.	FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Cash Flow Hedges

The company uses foreign currency options and foreign currency forward contracts as hedges of anticipated sales or purchases denominated in foreign currencies. The company enters into these contracts to protect itself against the risk that the eventual net cash flows will be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates.

Monsanto’s commodity price risk management strategy is to use derivative instruments to minimize significant unanticipated earnings fluctuations that may arise from volatility in commodity prices. Price fluctuations in commodities, mainly in corn and soybeans, can cause the actual prices paid to production growers for corn and soybean seeds to differ from anticipated cash outlays. Monsanto generally uses commodity futures and options contracts to manage these risks. Monsanto’s energy and raw

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)

material risk management strategy is to use derivative instruments to minimize significant unanticipated manufacturing cost fluctuations that may arise from volatility in natural gas, diesel and ethylene prices.

Monsanto’s interest rate risk management strategy is to use derivative instruments, such as forward-starting interest rate swaps and option contracts, to minimize significant unanticipated earnings fluctuations that may arise from volatility in interest rates of the company’s borrowings and to manage the interest rate sensitivity of its debt.

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss and reclassified into earnings in the period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Gains and losses on the derivative representing either hedge ineffectiveness or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in current earnings.

The maximum term over which the company is hedging exposures to the variability of cash flow (for all forecasted transactions) is 18 months for foreign currency hedges and 30 months for commodity hedges. During the next 12 months, a pretax net loss of approximately $74 million is expected to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings. No cash flow hedges were discontinued during the three and six months ended Feb. 28, 2015. No cash flow hedges were discontinued during the three months ended Feb. 29, 2016. A pretax loss of less than $1 million during the six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, was reclassified into cost of goods sold in the Statement of Consolidated Operations as a result of the discontinuance of commodity cash flow hedges because it was probable that the original forecasted transaction would not occur by the end of the originally specified time period.

Fair Value Hedges

The company uses commodity futures, forwards and options contracts as fair value hedges to manage the value of its soybean inventory, and other assets. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges, both the gain or loss on the derivative and the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in current earnings. No fair value hedges were discontinued during the three and six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, and Feb. 28, 2015.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

The company uses foreign currency contracts to hedge the effects of fluctuations in exchange rates on foreign currency denominated third-party and intercompany receivables and payables. Both the gain or loss on the derivative and the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in current earnings.

The company uses commodity option contracts to hedge anticipated cash payments to growers in the United States, Mexico and Brazil, which can fluctuate with changes in commodity price. Because these option contracts do not meet the provisions specified by the Derivatives and Hedging topic of the ASC, they do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. Accordingly, the gain or loss on these derivatives is recognized in current earnings.

To reduce credit exposure in Latin America, Monsanto collects payments on certain customer accounts in grain. Such payments in grain are negotiated at or near the time Monsanto’s products are sold to the customers and are valued at the prevailing grain commodity prices. By entering into forward sales contracts related to grain, Monsanto mitigates the commodity price exposure from the time a contract is signed with a customer until the time a grain merchant collects the grain from the customer on Monsanto’s behalf. The forward sales contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under the Derivatives and Hedging topic of the ASC. Accordingly, the gain or loss on these derivatives is recognized in current earnings.

Monsanto uses interest rate contracts to minimize the variability of forecasted cash flows arising from the company’s consolidated VIE in Brazil. The interest rate contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under the Derivatives and Hedging Topic of the ASC. Accordingly, the gain or loss on these derivatives is recognized in current earnings.

Financial instruments are neither held nor issued by the company for trading purposes.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)

The notional amounts of the company’s derivative instruments outstanding as of Feb. 29, 2016, and Aug. 31, 2015, are as follows:



	As of
(Dollars in millions)	Feb. 29, 2016		Aug. 31, 2015
Derivatives Designated as Hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	405	$	456
Commodity contracts	649		591
Interest rate contracts	150		150
Total Derivatives Designated as Hedges	$	1,204	$	1,197
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	2,159	$	1,926
Commodity contracts	139		163
Interest rate contracts	96		—
Total Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges	$	2,394	$	2,089

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)

The net presentation of the company’s derivative instruments outstanding was as follows:



			As of Feb. 29, 2016
(Dollars in millions)			Gross Amounts Recognized		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Consolidated Financial Position			Net Amounts Included in the Statement of Consolidated Financial Position			Collateral Pledged		Net Amounts Reported in the Statement of Consolidated Financial Position		Other Items Included in the Statement of Consolidated Financial Position		Statement of Consolidated Financial Position Balance
Asset Derivatives:
Other current assets
	Derivatives designated as hedges:
		Commodity contracts⁽¹⁾	$	2	$	(19	)	$	(17	)	$	17	$	—
		Foreign exchange contracts	18		—			18			—		18
	Derivatives not designated as hedges:
		Commodity contracts	2		—			2			—		2
		Foreign exchange contracts	14		—			14			—		14
Total other current assets			36		(19		)	17			17		34		$	396	$	430
Other assets
	Derivatives designated as hedges:
		Commodity contracts⁽¹⁾	—		(4		)	(4		)	4		—
Total other assets			—		(4		)	(4		)	4		—		591		591
Total Asset Derivatives			$	36	$	(23	)	$	13		$	21	$	34
Liability Derivatives:
Other current assets
	Derivatives designated as hedges:
		Commodity contracts⁽¹⁾	$	19	$	(19	)	$	—		$	—	$	—
Total other current assets			19		(19		)	—			—		—
Other assets
	Derivatives designated as hedges:
		Commodity contracts⁽¹⁾	4		(4		)	—			—		—
Total other assets			4		(4		)	—			—		—
Miscellaneous short-term accruals
	Derivatives designated as hedges:
		Commodity contracts	25		—			25			—		25
		Foreign exchange contracts	1		—			1			—		1
		Interest rate contracts	22		—			22			—		22
	Derivatives not designated as hedges:
		Commodity contracts	3		—			3			—		3
		Foreign exchange contracts	11		—			11			—		11
Total miscellaneous short-term accruals			62		—			62			—		62		$	621	$	683
Other liabilities
	Derivatives designated as hedges:
		Commodity contracts	12		—			12			—		12
Total other liabilities			12		—			12			—		12		321		333
Total Liability Derivatives			$	97	$	(23	)	$	74		$	—	$	74


(1)	As allowed by the Derivatives and Hedging topic of the ASC, derivative assets and liabilities have been offset by collateral subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar arrangement. Therefore, contracts that are in an asset or liability position are included in asset accounts within the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)



			As of Aug. 31, 2015
(Dollars in millions)			Gross Amounts Recognized		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Consolidated Financial Position			Net Amounts Included in the Statement of Consolidated Financial Position			Collateral Pledged		Net Amounts Reported in the Statement of Consolidated Financial Position		Other Items Included in the Statement of Consolidated Financial Position		Statement of Consolidated Financial Position Balance
Asset Derivatives:
Miscellaneous receivables
	Derivatives designated as hedges:
		Interest rate contracts	$	2	$	—		$	2		$	—	$	2
Total miscellaneous receivables			2		—			2			—		2		$	801	$	803
Other current assets
	Derivatives designated as hedges:
		Commodity contracts⁽¹⁾	—		(29		)	(29		)	29		—
		Foreign exchange contracts	25		—			25			—		25
	Derivatives not designated as hedges:
		Commodity contracts	7		—			7			—		7
		Foreign exchange contracts	14		—			14			—		14
Total other current assets			46		(29		)	17			29		46		153		199
Other assets
	Derivatives designated as hedges
		Commodity contracts⁽¹⁾	1		(6		)	(5		)	6		1
		Foreign exchange contracts	1		—			1			—		1
Total other assets			2		(6		)	(4		)	6		2		608		610
Total Asset Derivatives			$	50	$	(35	)	$	15		$	35	$	50
Liability Derivatives:
Other current assets
	Derivatives designated as hedges:
		Commodity contracts⁽¹⁾	$	29	$	(29	)	$	—		$	—	$	—
Total other current assets			29		(29		)	—			—		—
Other assets
	Derivatives designated as hedges:
		Commodity contracts⁽¹⁾	6		(6		)	—			—		—
Total other assets			6		(6		)	—			—		—
Miscellaneous short-term accruals
	Derivatives designated as hedges:
		Commodity contracts	27		—			27			—		27
	Derivatives not designated as hedges:
		Commodity contracts	9		—			9			—		9
		Foreign exchange contracts	11		—			11			—		11
Total miscellaneous short-term accruals			47		—			47			—		47		$	744	$	791
Other liabilities
	Derivatives designated as hedges:
		Commodity contracts	14		—			14			—		14
Total other liabilities			14		—			14			—		14		331		345
Total Liability Derivatives			$	96	$	(35	)	$	61		$	—	$	61


(1)	As allowed by the Derivatives and Hedging topic of the ASC, commodity derivative assets and liabilities have been offset by collateral subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar arrangement. Therefore, these commodity contracts that are in an asset or liability position are included in asset accounts within the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)

The gains and losses on the company’s derivative instruments were as follows:



	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCL⁽¹⁾ (Effective Portion)						Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income⁽²⁾⁽³⁾
	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Statement of Consolidated Operations Classification
(Dollars in millions)	Feb. 29, 2016			Feb. 28, 2015			Feb. 29, 2016			Feb. 28, 2015
Derivatives Designated as Hedges:
Fair value hedges:
Commodity contracts							$	1		$	1		Cost of goods sold
Commodity contracts							—			4			Other expense, net
Cash flow hedges:
Foreign currency contracts	$	3		$	20		4			7			Net sales
Foreign currency contracts	(6		)	12			6			1			Cost of goods sold
Commodity contracts	(28		)	(32		)	(55		)	(44		)	Cost of goods sold
Interest rate contracts	(17		)	(57		)	(5		)	(3		)	Interest expense
Total Derivatives Designated as Hedges	(48		)	(57		)	(49		)	(34		)
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges:
Foreign currency contracts⁽⁴⁾							31			(55		)	Other expense, net
Commodity contracts							—			4			Net sales
Commodity contracts							—			(2		)	Cost of goods sold
Total Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges							31			(53		)
Total Derivatives	$	(48	)	$	(57	)	$	(18	)	$	(87	)


(1)	Accumulated other comprehensive loss (AOCL).


(2)	For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges under the Derivatives and Hedging topic of the ASC, this represents the effective portion of the gain (loss) reclassified from AOCL into income during the period.


(3)	The gain or loss on derivatives designated as hedges from ineffectiveness is not significant during the three months ended Feb. 29, 2016, and Feb. 28, 2015. No gains or losses were excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness during the three months ended Feb. 29, 2016, and Feb. 28, 2015.


(4)	Gain or loss on foreign currency contracts not designated as hedges was offset by a foreign currency transaction loss of $216 million and a gain of $56 million during the three months ended Feb. 29, 2016, and Feb. 28, 2015, respectively.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)



	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCL⁽¹⁾ (Effective Portion)						Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income⁽²⁾⁽³⁾
	Six Months Ended						Six Months Ended						Statement of Consolidated Operations Classification
(Dollars in millions)	Feb. 29, 2016			Feb. 28, 2015			Feb. 29, 2016			Feb. 28, 2015
Derivatives Designated as Hedges:
Fair value hedges:
Commodity contracts							$	1		$	(1	)	Cost of goods sold
Cash flow hedges:
Foreign currency contracts	$	5		$	39		8			14			Net sales
Foreign currency contracts	4			21			13			1			Cost of goods sold
Commodity contracts	(37		)	(43		)	(72		)	(47		)	Cost of goods sold
Interest rate contracts	(24		)	(71		)	(8		)	(6		)	Interest expense
Total Derivatives Designated as Hedges	(52		)	(54		)	(58		)	(39		)
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges:
Foreign currency contracts⁽⁴⁾							(24		)	(115		)	Other expense, net
Commodity contracts							1			6			Net sales
Commodity contracts							1			1			Cost of goods sold
Total Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges							(22		)	(108		)
Total Derivatives	$	(52	)	$	(54	)	$	(80	)	$	(147	)


(1)	Accumulated other comprehensive loss (AOCL).


(2)	For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges under the Derivatives and Hedging topic of the ASC, this represents the effective portion of the gain (loss) reclassified from AOCL into income during the period.


(3)	The gain or loss on derivatives designated as hedges from ineffectiveness is not significant during the six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, and Feb. 28, 2015. No gains or losses were excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness during the six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, and Feb. 28, 2015.


(4)	Gain or loss on foreign currency contracts not designated as hedges was offset by a foreign currency transaction loss of $188 million and a gain of $107 million during the six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, and Feb. 28, 2015, respectively.

Most of the company’s outstanding foreign currency derivatives are covered by International Swap and Derivatives Association (ISDA) Master Agreements with the counterparties. There are no requirements to post collateral under these agreements; however, should Monsanto’s credit rating fall below a specified rating immediately following the merger of the company with another entity, the counterparty may require all outstanding derivatives under the ISDA Master Agreement to be settled immediately at current market value, which equals carrying value. Foreign currency derivatives that are not covered by ISDA Master Agreements do not have credit-risk-related contingent provisions. Most of Monsanto’s outstanding commodity derivatives are listed commodity futures, and the company is required by the relevant commodity exchange to post collateral each day to cover the change in the fair value of these futures in the case of an unrealized loss position. Non-exchange-traded commodity derivatives and interest rate contracts may be covered by the aforementioned ISDA Master Agreements and would be subject to the same credit-risk-related contingent provisions. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments under ISDA Master Agreements that are in a liability position was $61 million and $41 million as of Feb. 29, 2016, and Aug. 31, 2015, respectively, which is the amount that would be required for settlement if the credit-risk-related contingent provisions underlying these agreements were triggered.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)

Credit Risk Management

Monsanto invests excess cash in deposits with major banks or money market funds throughout the world in high-quality short-term debt instruments. Such investments are made only in instruments issued or enhanced by high-quality institutions. As of Feb. 29, 2016, and Aug. 31, 2015, the company had no financial instruments that represented a significant concentration of credit risk. Limited amounts are invested in any single institution to minimize risk. The company has not incurred any credit risk losses related to those investments.

The company sells a broad range of agricultural products to a diverse group of customers throughout the world. In the United States, the company makes substantial sales to relatively few large wholesale customers. The company’s business is highly seasonal, and is subject to weather conditions that affect commodity prices and seed yields. Credit limits, ongoing credit evaluation and account monitoring procedures are used to minimize the risk of loss. Collateral is secured when it is deemed appropriate by the company.

Monsanto regularly evaluates its business practices to minimize its credit risk and periodically engages multiple banks in the United States, Argentina, Brazil and Europe in the development of customer financing options that involve direct bank financing of customer purchases. For further information on these programs, see Note 4 — Customer Financing Programs.


NOTE 13.	POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS — PENSIONS, HEALTH CARE AND OTHER

Most of Monsanto’s U.S. employees hired prior to July 8, 2012, are covered by noncontributory pension plans sponsored by the company. Effective July 8, 2012, the U.S. pension plan was closed to new entrants; there were no significant changes to the U.S. pension plan for eligible employees hired prior to that date. The company also provides certain postretirement health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees through insurance contracts. The company’s net periodic benefit cost for pension benefits and health care and other postretirement benefits include the following components:



Pension Benefits	Three Months Ended Feb. 29, 2016									Three Months Ended Feb. 28, 2015
(Dollars in millions)	U.S.			Outside the U.S.			Total			U.S.			Outside the U.S.			Total
Service Cost for Benefits Earned During the Period	$	16		$	3		$	19		$	16		$	4		$	20
Interest Cost on Benefit Obligation	25			2			27			22			2			24
Assumed Return on Plan Assets	(40		)	(2		)	(42		)	(38		)	(3		)	(41		)
Amortization of Unrecognized Net Loss	12			1			13			13			2			15
Total Net Periodic Benefit Cost	$	13		$	4		$	17		$	13		$	5		$	18



Pension Benefits	Six months ended Feb. 29, 2016									Six months ended Feb. 28, 2015
(Dollars in millions)	U.S.			Outside the U.S.			Total			U.S.			Outside the U.S.			Total
Service Cost for Benefits Earned During the Period	$	32		$	6		$	38		$	32		$	7		$	39
Interest Cost on Benefit Obligation	49			4			53			44			4			48
Assumed Return on Plan Assets	(79		)	(4		)	(83		)	(76		)	(6		)	(82		)
Amortization of Unrecognized Net Loss	24			2			26			26			4			30
Curtailment and Settlement Charge	—			—			—			—			1			1
Total Net Periodic Benefit Cost	$	26		$	8		$	34		$	26		$	10		$	36

In March 2016, Monsanto contributed $30 million to its U.S. qualified plan. Monsanto expects to contribute an additional $30 million to its U.S. qualified plan in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2016.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)



Health Care and Other Postretirement Benefits	Three Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)	Feb. 29, 2016			Feb. 28, 2015
Service Cost for Benefits Earned During the Period	$	2		$	2
Interest Cost on Benefit Obligation	1			2
Amortization of Unrecognized Net Gain	(1		)	(1		)
Total Net Periodic Benefit Cost	$	2		$	3



Health Care and Other Postretirement Benefits	Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)	Feb. 29, 2016			Feb. 28, 2015
Service Cost for Benefits Earned During the Period	$	3		$	4
Interest Cost on Benefit Obligation	3			3
Amortization of Unrecognized Net Gain	(2		)	(2		)
Total Net Periodic Benefit Cost	$	4		$	5


NOTE 14.	STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

The following table shows total stock-based compensation expense included in the Statements of Consolidated Operations for the three and six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, and Feb. 28, 2015, respectively.



	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)	Feb. 29, 2016			Feb. 28, 2015			Feb. 29, 2016			Feb. 28, 2015
Cost of Goods Sold	$	3		$	2		$	7		$	4
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses	21			22			46			47
Research and Development Expenses	8			8			16			16
Pre-Tax Stock-Based Compensation Expense	32			32			69			67
Income Tax Benefit	(11		)	(11		)	(23		)	(21		)
Net Stock-Based Compensation Expense	$	21		$	21		$	46		$	46

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)


NOTE 15.	CAPITAL STOCK

In June 2014, the company announced a two-year share repurchase authorization of up to $10 billion of the company's common stock. As of Feb. 29, 2016, the company had approximately $1.1 billion remaining under the June 2014 share repurchase authorization.

On Oct. 9, 2015, Monsanto entered into uncollared accelerated share repurchase ("ASR") agreements with each of Citibank, N.A. ("Citi") and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. ("JPMorgan"). Under the ASR agreements, the company agreed to purchase an aggregate of approximately $3.0 billion of Monsanto common stock. On Oct. 13, 2015, Citi and JPMorgan delivered to Monsanto approximately 28.4 million shares in total based on then-current market prices, and Monsanto paid a total of $3.0 billion. The payments to Citi and JPMorgan were recorded as a reduction to shareowners' equity consisting of a $2.6 billion increase in treasury stock, which reflected the value of the 28.4 million shares received upon initial settlement, and a $450 million decrease in additional contributed capital, which reflected the value of the stock held back by Citi and JPMorgan pending final settlement of the ASR agreements. On Jan. 14, 2016, the company's Oct. 9, 2015 ASR agreement with Citi was terminated in accordance with the terms of the agreement. Upon settlement, Citi delivered to the company an additional 1.9 million shares of Monsanto common stock for a total of approximately 16.1 million shares repurchased at an aggregate cost of $1.5 billion. On Jan. 15, 2016, the company's Oct. 9, 2015 ASR agreement with JPMorgan was terminated in accordance with the terms of the agreement. Upon settlement, JPMorgan delivered to the company an additional 1.9 million shares of Monsanto common stock for a total of approximately16.1 million shares repurchased at an aggregate cost of $1.5 billion. Upon completion of the ASR agreements, the $450 million previously recorded as additional contributed capital was classified as treasury stock. The ASR agreements were entered into pursuant to the share repurchase authorization announced in June 2014 and were funded by commercial paper and cash on hand.

On July 1, 2014, Monsanto entered into uncollared ASR agreements with each of JPMorgan and Goldman, Sachs & Co. The ASR agreements were completed and settled in accordance with the terms of the agreements in fiscal year 2015. Under the ASR agreements, the company purchased approximately 51.8 million shares of Monsanto common stock for an aggregate price $6.0 billion, which was accounted for as an increase to treasury stock. The ASR agreements were entered into pursuant to share repurchase authorizations announced in June 2013 and in June 2014.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)


NOTE 16.	ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The following table sets forth the after-tax components of accumulated other comprehensive loss and changes thereto:



(Dollars in millions)	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments			Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Available-for-Sale Securities			Cash Flow Hedges			Postretirement Benefit Items			Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Balance as of Aug. 31, 2014	$	(731	)	$	5		$	(167	)	$	(221	)	$	(1,114	)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(1,596		)	—			(54		)	(94		)	(1,744		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	—			(3		)	31			29			57
Net current-period other comprehensive loss	(1,596		)	(3		)	(23		)	(65		)	(1,687		)
Balance as of Aug. 31, 2015	$	(2,327	)	$	2		$	(190	)	$	(286	)	$	(2,801	)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(266		)	(2		)	(31		)	—			(299		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	—			—			33			16			49
Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income	(266		)	(2		)	2			16			(250		)
Balance as of Feb. 29, 2016	$	(2,593	)	$	—		$	(188	)	$	(270	)	$	(3,051	)

The following table provides additional information regarding items reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings.



	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)	Feb. 29, 2016			Feb. 28, 2015			Feb. 29, 2016			Feb. 28, 2015			Affected Line Item in the Statements of Consolidated Operations
Cash Flow Hedges:
Foreign Exchange Contracts	$	(4	)	$	(7	)	$	(8	)	$	(14	)	Net sales
Foreign Exchange Contracts	(6		)	(1		)	(13		)	(1		)	Cost of goods sold
Commodity Contracts	55			44			72			47			Cost of goods sold
Interest Rate Contracts	5			3			8			6			Interest expense
	50			39			59			38			Total before income taxes
	(21		)	(15		)	(26		)	(15		)	Income tax provision
	$	29		$	24		$	33		$	23		Net of tax
Postretirement Benefit Items:
Amortization of Unrecognized Net Loss	$	4		$	5		$	8		$	11		Inventory/Cost of goods sold⁽¹⁾
Amortization of Unrecognized Net Loss	8			11			16			21			Selling, general and administrative expenses
	12			16			24			32			Total before income taxes
	(5		)	(6		)	(8		)	(12		)	Income tax provision
	$	7		$	10		$	16		$	20		Net of tax
Total Reclassifications For The Period	$	36		$	34		$	49		$	43		Net of tax

(1)

The amortization of unrecognized net loss is recorded to net periodic benefit cost, which is allocated to selling, general and administrative expenses and to inventory, which is recognized through cost of goods sold. The company recorded $4 million and $5 million of net periodic benefit cost to inventory, of which approximately $2 million was recognized in cost of goods sold during each of the three months ended Feb. 29, 2016, and Feb. 28, 2015, respectively. The company recorded $8 million and $11 million of net periodic benefit cost to inventory, of which approximately $7 million and $8 million was recognized in cost of goods sold during the six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, and Feb. 28, 2015, respectively. See Note 13 — Postretirement Benefits - Pensions, Health Care and Other — for additional information.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)


NOTE 17.	EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share ("EPS") was computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the periods shown in the table below. The diluted EPS computation takes into account the effect of dilutive potential common shares when in a net income position. Potential common shares consist primarily of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and directors’ deferred shares calculated using the treasury stock method and are excluded if their effect is antidilutive. Of those antidilutive options, certain options were excluded from the computations of dilutive potential common shares as their exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the common shares for the period.



	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
(Shares in millions)	Feb. 29, 2016	Feb. 28, 2015	Feb. 29, 2016	Feb. 28, 2015
Weighted-Average Number of Common Shares	438.6	483.4	447.2	483.9
Dilutive Potential Common Shares	3.1	4.7	3.8	4.9
Antidilutive Potential Common Shares	5.6	1.7	5.0	3.3
Shares Excluded From Computation of Dilutive Potential Shares with Exercise Prices greater than the Average Market Price of Common Shares for the Period	3.2	—	3.2	0.1


NOTE 18.	SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

Cash payments for interest and taxes were as follows:

During the six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, and Feb. 28, 2015, the company recorded the following noncash transactions:


•	During the six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, the company recognized noncash transactions related to restructuring. See Note 3 — Restructuring.


•	As of Feb. 29, 2016, and Feb. 28, 2015, the company recognized noncash capital expenditures of $68 million and $70 million, respectively, in accounts payable in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position.


•	During six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, and Feb. 28, 2015, the company recognized noncash transactions related to stock-based compensation. See Note 14 — Stock-Based Compensation Plans.


•	In the second quarter of 2016 and 2015, the board of directors declared a dividend which is payable in the third quarter of 2016 and 2015, respectively. As of Feb. 29, 2016 and Feb. 28, 2015, a dividend payable of $236 million and $238 million, respectively, was recorded.


NOTE 19.	COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Environmental and Litigation Liabilities: Monsanto is involved in environmental remediation and legal proceedings to which we are party in our own name and proceedings to which our former parent, Pharmacia LLC ("Pharmacia"), or its former subsidiary, Solutia, Inc. ("Solutia"), is a party but that we manage and for which we are responsible pursuant to certain indemnification agreements. In addition, Monsanto has liabilities established for various product claims. With respect to certain of these proceedings, Monsanto has a liability recorded of $277 million and $356 million as of Feb. 29, 2016, and Aug. 31, 2015, respectively, for the estimated contingent liabilities. Information regarding the environmental liabilities appears in Monsanto’s Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended Aug. 31, 2015.

Litigation: The above liability includes amounts related to certain third-party litigation with respect to Monsanto’s business, as well as tort litigation related to Pharmacia’s former chemical business, including lawsuits involving polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, and other chemical and premises liability litigation. Additional matters that are not reflected in the liability may arise in the future, and Monsanto may manage, settle, or pay judgments or damages with respect thereto in order to mitigate contesting potential liability. Following is a description of one of the more significant litigation matters.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)

The company is defending legal claims made by plaintiffs allegedly injured by PCBs manufactured by Pharmacia’s chemical business over four decades ago and incorporated into products made, used and sometimes disposed of by others. The company has been named in approximately 30 personal injury lawsuits filed over several years on behalf of approximately 750 persons in state courts in St. Louis, Missouri and Los Angeles, California. The suits primarily claim that plaintiffs’ various forms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma have been caused by exposure to trace levels of PCBs. The company believes it has meritorious legal and factual defenses to these cases and is vigorously defending them. The company is defending these PCB-related claims under indemnity agreements resulting from its 2000 spin-off from Pharmacia and subsequent agreements under Solutia’s February 2008 plan of reorganization. The company also has been named in lawsuits brought by municipal entities claiming that Monsanto, Pharmacia and Solutia, collectively as a manufacturer of PCBs, should be responsible for a variety of damages due to PCBs in bodies of water, regardless of how PCBs came to be located there. The company believes that these novel claims are without merit and is vigorously defending the cases on legal and factual grounds.

Including litigation reflected in the liability, Monsanto is involved in various legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of its business or pursuant to Monsanto’s indemnification obligations to Pharmacia, as well as proceedings that management has considered to be material under SEC regulations. Some of the lawsuits seek damages in very large amounts or seek to restrict the company’s business activities. Monsanto believes that it has meritorious legal arguments and will continue to represent its interests vigorously in all of the proceedings that it is defending or prosecuting. Management does not anticipate the ultimate liabilities resulting from such proceedings, or the proceedings reflected in the above liability, will have a material adverse effect on Monsanto’s consolidated results of operations, financial position, cash flows or liquidity.

Legal actions have been filed in Brazil that raise issues challenging the right to collect certain royalties for Roundup Ready soybeans. Although Brazilian law clearly states that the pipeline patents protecting these products have the duration of the corresponding U.S. patent (2014 for Roundup Ready soybeans), the duration (and application) of these pipeline patents is currently under judicial review in Brazil. Monsanto believes it has meritorious legal arguments and will continue to represent its interests vigorously in these proceedings. The current estimate of the company’s reasonably possible loss contingency is not material to consolidated results of operations, financial position, cash flows or liquidity.

Other Contingencies: As announced on Feb. 9, 2016, Monsanto reached an agreement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) fully resolving the previously disclosed SEC investigation into the financial reporting of customer incentive programs for glyphosate products in fiscal years 2009, 2010 and 2011. In agreeing to the settlement, Monsanto neither admitted nor denied the SEC’s allegations that the company violated certain provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Monsanto agreed to pay an $80 million civil penalty to resolve the investigation, which was fully reserved for and previously disclosed in the company’s financial statements for fiscal year 2015. Monsanto also has retained a consultant to review the company’s financial reporting of the customer incentive programs for its crop protection business. In connection with the settlement, Monsanto’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Hugh Grant and former Chief Financial Officer, Carl M. Casale, reimbursed the company for cash incentives and certain stock awards that they received in fiscal years 2009 and 2010.

Guarantees: Disclosures regarding the guarantees Monsanto provides for certain customer loans in the United States, Latin America and Europe can be found in Note 4 — Customer Financing Programs — of this Form 10-Q. Except as described in that note, there have been no significant changes to guarantees made by Monsanto since Aug. 31, 2015. Disclosures regarding these guarantees made by Monsanto can be found in Note 24 — Commitments and Contingencies — of the notes to the consolidated financial statements contained in Monsanto’s Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended Aug. 31, 2015.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangement: Monsanto is in the process of making a significant expansion of its Chesterfield, Missouri, facility. In December 2013, Monsanto executed the first of a series of incentive agreements with the County of St. Louis, Missouri. Under these agreements Monsanto has transferred the Chesterfield, Missouri, facility to St. Louis County and received Industrial Revenue Bonds in the amount of up to $470 million, which enables the company to reduce the cost of constructing and operating the expansion by reducing certain state and local tax expenditures. Monsanto immediately leased the facility from the County of St. Louis and has an option to purchase the facility upon tendering the Industrial Revenue Bonds received to the County. The payments due to the company in relation to the Industrial Revenue Bonds and owed by the company in relation to the lease of the facilities qualify for the right of offset under ASC 210, Balance Sheet, in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position. As such, neither the Industrial Revenue Bonds nor the lease obligation are recorded in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position as an asset or liability, respectively. The Chesterfield facilities and the expansion are being treated as being owned by Monsanto.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)


NOTE 20.	SEGMENT INFORMATION

Monsanto conducts its worldwide operations through global businesses, which are aggregated into reportable segments based on similarity of products, production processes, customers, distribution methods and economic characteristics. The operating segments are aggregated into two reportable segments: Seeds and Genomics and Agricultural Productivity.

The Seeds and Genomics segment consists of the global seeds and related traits businesses, biotechnology platforms and digital agriculture. Within the Seeds and Genomics segment, Monsanto’s significant operating segments are corn seed and traits, soybean seed and traits, cotton seed and traits, vegetable seeds and all other crops seeds and traits. The Agricultural Productivity reportable segment consists of the Agricultural Productivity operating segment. EBIT is defined as earnings before interest and taxes and is an operating performance measure for the two reportable segments. EBIT is useful to management in demonstrating the operational profitability of the segments by excluding interest and taxes, which are generally accounted for across the entire company on a consolidated basis. Sales between segments were not significant. Certain SG&A expenses are allocated between segments based on the segment’s relative contribution to total Monsanto operations. Allocation percentages remain consistent for fiscal years 2015 and 2016.

Data for the Seeds and Genomics and Agricultural Productivity reportable segments, as well as for Monsanto’s significant operating segments, is presented in the table as follows:



	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)	Feb. 29, 2016		Feb. 28, 2015		Feb. 29, 2016		Feb. 28, 2015
Net Sales⁽¹⁾
Corn seed and traits	$	2,687	$	2,912	$	3,432	$	3,840
Soybean seed and traits	782		883		1,220		1,279
Cotton seed and traits	37		30		85		113
Vegetable seeds	192		207		330		362
All other crops seeds and traits	119		146		149		205
Total Seeds and Genomics	$	3,817	$	4,178	$	5,216	$	5,799
Agricultural productivity	715		1,019		1,535		2,268
Total Agricultural Productivity	$	715	$	1,019	$	1,535	$	2,268
Total	$	4,532	$	5,197	$	6,751	$	8,067



Gross Profit
Corn seed and traits	$	1,721	$	1,877	$	2,087	$	2,402
Soybean seed and traits	527		608		829		885
Cotton seed and traits	18		20		43		78
Vegetable seeds	96		94		136		158
All other crops seeds and traits	66		78		61		95
Total Seeds and Genomics	$	2,428	$	2,677	$	3,156	$	3,618
Agricultural productivity	170		362		343		832
Total Agricultural Productivity	$	170	$	362	$	343	$	832
Total	$	2,598	$	3,039	$	3,499	$	4,450



EBIT⁽²⁾⁽³⁾
Seeds and Genomics	$	1,497	$	1,822	$	1,164	$	1,865
Agricultural Productivity	7		221		66		605
Total	$	1,504	$	2,043	$	1,230	$	2,470

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (continued)



Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Seeds and Genomics	$	152	$	149	$	300	$	299
Agricultural Productivity	32		31		64		63
Total	$	184	$	180	$	364	$	362


(1)	Represents net sales from continuing operations.


(2)	EBIT is defined as earnings before interest and taxes; see the following table for reconciliation. Earnings is intended to mean net income as presented in the Statements of Consolidated Operations under U.S. GAAP. EBIT is an operating performance measure for the two reportable segments.


(3)	Agricultural Productivity EBIT includes income from operations of discontinued businesses of $4 million and $24 million for the three and six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, respectively. Agricultural Productivity EBIT includes income from operations of discontinued businesses of $11 million and $37 million for the three and six months ended Feb. 28, 2015, respectively.

A reconciliation of EBIT to net income for each period is as follows:



	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)	Feb. 29, 2016		Feb. 28, 2015		Feb. 29, 2016		Feb. 28, 2015
EBIT⁽¹⁾	$	1,504	$	2,043	$	1,230	$	2,470
Interest Expense — Net	86		64		195		141
Income Tax Provision⁽²⁾	355		554		225		661
Net Income Attributable to Monsanto Company	$	1,063	$	1,425	$	810	$	1,668


(1)	Includes the income from operations of discontinued businesses and the loss from operations of noncontrolling interests.


(2)	Includes the income tax provision on discontinued operations and the income tax benefit of noncontrolling interest.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q



ITEM 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

OVERVIEW

Background

Monsanto Company, along with its subsidiaries, is a leading global provider of agricultural products for farmers. Our seeds, biotechnology trait products, herbicides and digital agriculture tools provide farmers with solutions that help improve productivity, reduce the costs of farming and produce better food for consumers and better feed for animals.

We manage our business in two segments: Seeds and Genomics and Agricultural Productivity. Through our Seeds and Genomics segment, we produce leading seed brands, including DEKALB, Asgrow, Deltapine, Seminis and De Ruiter, and we develop biotechnology traits that assist farmers in controlling insects and weeds and digital agriculture to assist farmers in decision making. We also provide other seed companies with genetic material and biotechnology traits for their seed brands. Through our Agricultural Productivity segment, we manufacture Roundup and Harness brand herbicides and other herbicides.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis ("MD&A") of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with Monsanto’s consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. This Report on Form 10-Q should also be read in conjunction with Monsanto’s Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended Aug. 31, 2015. Financial information for the second quarter and first six months of fiscal year 2016 should not be annualized because of the seasonality of our business. The notes to the consolidated financial statements referred to throughout this MD&A are included in Part I — Item 1 — Financial Statements — of this Report on Form 10-Q. Unless otherwise indicated, “Monsanto,” the “company,” “we,” “our” and “us” are used interchangeably to refer to Monsanto Company or to Monsanto Company and its consolidated subsidiaries, as appropriate to the context. Unless otherwise indicated, “earnings per share” and “per share” mean diluted earnings per share. Unless otherwise indicated, trademarks owned or licensed by Monsanto or its subsidiaries are shown in special type. Unless otherwise noted, all amounts and analyses are based on continuing operations. Unless otherwise indicated, references to “Roundup herbicides” mean Roundup branded herbicides, excluding all lawn-and-garden herbicides and other glyphosate-based herbicides, and references to “Roundup and other glyphosate-based herbicides” exclude all lawn-and-garden herbicides.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

MD&A includes financial information prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP"), as well as two other financial measures, EBIT and free cash flow, that are considered “non-GAAP financial measures.” Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s financial performance, financial position or cash flows that exclude (or include) amounts that are included in (or excluded from) the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. The presentation of EBIT and free cash flow information is intended to supplement investors’ understanding of our operating performance and liquidity. Our EBIT and free cash flow measures may not be comparable to other companies’ EBIT and free cash flow measures. Furthermore, these measures are not intended to replace net income (loss), cash flows, financial position, or comprehensive income (loss), as determined in accordance with GAAP.

EBIT is defined as earnings (loss) before interest and taxes. Earnings (loss) is intended to mean net income (loss) attributable to Monsanto as presented in the Statements of Consolidated Operations under GAAP. EBIT is an operating performance measure for our two business segments. We believe that EBIT is useful to investors and management to demonstrate the operational profitability of our segments by excluding interest and taxes, which are generally accounted for across the entire company on a consolidated basis. EBIT is also one of the measures used by Monsanto management to determine resource allocations within the company. See Note 20 — Segment Information — for a reconciliation of EBIT to net income for the three and six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, and Feb. 28, 2015.

We also provide information regarding free cash flow, an important liquidity measure for Monsanto. We define free cash flow as the total of net cash provided or required by operating activities and net cash provided or required by investing activities. Free cash flow does not represent the residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures. We believe that free cash flow is useful to investors and management as a measure of the ability of our business to generate cash. Once business needs and obligations are met, this cash can be used to reinvest in the company for future growth or to return to our shareowners through dividend payments or share repurchases. Free cash flow is also used as one of the performance measures in determining incentive compensation. See the “Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources — Cash Flow” section of MD&A for a reconciliation of free cash flow to net cash provided by operating activities and net cash required by investing activities on the Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

Executive Summary

Consolidated Operating Results — Net sales decreased $665 million, or 13 percent, in the three-month comparison and $1,316 million, or 16 percent, in the six-month comparison. The primary contributors to the decrease in the three and six-month comparisons were decreases in agriculture productivity, corn seed and traits and soybean seed and traits. The decrease in agricultural productivity was primarily due to lower volume and lower average net selling price of Roundup and other glyphosate-based herbicides in key regions. The decrease in corn seed and traits was primarily driven by lower volume and lower average net selling price, and the decrease in soybean seed and traits was primarily due to lower volumes. Both segments were also negatively impacted by foreign currency, primarily in Brazil. For a detailed discussion of the factors affecting net sales, cost of goods sold, and gross profit, see the "Seeds and Genomics Segment" and "Agricultural Productivity Segment" sections in this MD&A.

Net income attributable to Monsanto Company was $2.41 per share in the second quarter of 2016, compared to $2.92 per share in the second quarter of 2015. Net income attributable to Monsanto Company was $1.80 per share in the first half of 2016, compared to $3.41 per share in the first half of 2015.

Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources — At Feb. 29, 2016, working capital was $2,544 million compared with $5,227 million at Feb. 28, 2015, a decrease of $2,683 million, and compared with $5,448 million at Aug. 31, 2015, a decrease of $2,904 million. For a detailed discussion of the factors affecting the working capital comparison, see the "Working Capital and Financial Condition" section of the "Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources" section in this MD&A.

In the first six months of 2016, net cash provided by operating activities was $1,389 million compared with $1,518 million in the first six months of 2015. Net cash required by investing activities was $483 million in the first six months of 2016 compared with $532 million in the first six months of 2015. Free cash flow was an inflow of $906 million in the first six months of 2016 compared with an inflow of $986 million in the first six months of 2015. For a detailed discussion of the factors affecting the free cash flow comparison, see the "Cash Flow" section of the "Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources" section in this MD&A.

At Feb. 29, 2016, our debt-to-capital ratio was 68 percent compared with 56 percent at Aug. 31, 2015. The 12 percentage point increase from Aug. 31, 2015, was primarily due to a decrease in shareowners' equity resulting from treasury stock purchases during the first six months of fiscal year 2016.

Outlook — We plan to continue to innovate and improve our products in order to maintain market leadership and to support near-term performance. We are focused on applying innovation and technology to make our farmer customers more productive and profitable by protecting and improving yields and improving the ways they can produce food, fiber, feed and fuel. We use the tools of modern biology and technology in an effort to make seeds easier to grow, to allow farmers to do more with fewer resources and to help produce healthier food for consumers. Our current research and development ("R&D") strategy and commercial priorities are focused on bringing our farmer customers integrated yield solutions through our innovative platforms in plant breeding, biotechnology, chemistry, biologicals and data science. Our capabilities in biotechnology and breeding research are generating a rich product pipeline that is expected to drive long-term growth. The viability of our product pipeline depends in part on the speed of regulatory approvals globally, continued patent and legal rights to offer our products, general public acceptance of the products and the value they will deliver to the market.

Roundup herbicides remain the largest crop protection brand globally. Monsanto’s crop protection business focus is to strategically support Monsanto’s Roundup Ready crops through our weed management platform that delivers weed control offerings for farmers. We are focused on managing the costs associated with our agricultural chemistry business as that sector matures globally.

See the “Outlook” section of MD&A for a more detailed discussion of some of the opportunities and risks we have identified for our business. For additional information related to the outlook for Monsanto, see “Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” at the beginning of this Report on Form 10-Q, Part II — Item 1A — Risk Factors below and Part I — Item 1A of our Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended Aug. 31, 2015.

New Accounting Pronouncements — See Note 2 — New Accounting Standards — for a description of recently issued and adopted accounting pronouncements, including the dates of adoption and impacts on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows, as applicable.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS



	Three Months Ended								Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)	Feb. 29, 2016			Feb. 28, 2015			Increase/ (Decrease)		Feb. 29, 2016			Feb. 28, 2015			Increase/ (Decrease)
Net Sales	$	4,532		$	5,197		(13	)%	$	6,751		$	8,067		(16	)%
Cost of goods sold	1,934			2,158			(10	)%	3,252			3,617			(10	)%
Gross Profit	2,598			3,039			(15	)%	3,499			4,450			(21	)%
Operating Expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses	586			647			(9	)%	1,129			1,227			(8	)%
Research and development expenses	340			372			(9	)%	704			784			(10	)%
Restructuring charges	9			—			N/M		275			—			N/M
Total Operating Expenses	935			1,019			(8	)%	2,108			2,011			5	%
Income from Operations	1,663			2,020			(18	)%	1,391			2,439			(43	)%
Interest expense	103			92			12	%	232			207			12	%
Interest income	(17		)	(28		)	(39	)%	(37		)	(66		)	(44	)%
Other expense (income), net	170			(6		)	N/M		195			9			N/M
Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes	1,407			1,962			(28	)%	1,001			2,289			(56	)%
Income tax provision	350			550			(36	)%	213			650			(67	)%
Income from Continuing Operations Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest	1,057			1,412			(25	)%	$	788		$	1,639		(52	)%
Discontinued Operations:
Income from operations of discontinued business	4			11			(64	)%	24			37			(35	)%
Income tax provision	1			4			(75	)%	9			14			(36	)%
Income from Discontinued Operations	3			7			(57	)%	15			23			(35	)%
Net Income	$	1,060		$	1,419		(25	)%	$	803		$	1,662		(52	)%
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	(3		)	(6		)	N/M		(7		)	(6		)	N/M
Net Income Attributable to Monsanto Company	$	1,063		$	1,425		(25	)%	$	810		$	1,668		(51	)%
Diluted Earnings per Share Attributable to Monsanto Company:
Income from continuing operations	$	2.40		$	2.90		(17	)%	$	1.76		$	3.36		(48	)%
Income from discontinued operations	0.01			0.02			N/M		0.04			0.05			N/M
Net Income Attributable to Monsanto Company	$	2.41		$	2.92		(17	)%	$	1.80		$	3.41		(47	)%
NM = Not Meaningful

Effective Tax Rate	25		%	28		%			21		%	28		%

Comparison as a Percent of Net Sales:
Cost of goods sold	43		%	42		%			48		%	45		%
Gross profit	57		%	58		%			52		%	55		%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	13		%	12		%			17		%	15		%
Research and development expenses	8		%	7		%			10		%	10		%
Total operating expenses	21		%	20		%			31		%	25		%
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	31		%	38		%			15		%	28		%
Net income attributable to Monsanto Company	23		%	27		%			12		%	21		%

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

Second Quarter Fiscal Year 2016

The following explanations discuss the significant components of our results of operations that affected the quarter-to-quarter comparison of our second quarter income from continuing operations:

Net sales decreased $665 million, or 13 percent, in second quarter of 2016 from the same quarter a year ago. Our Seeds and Genomics segment net sales decreased $361 million, and our Agricultural Productivity segment net sales decreased $304 million in the three-month comparison.

The following table presents the percentage increase/(decrease) in second quarter of 2016 worldwide net sales by segment compared with net sales in the prior year quarter, including the effects of volume, price and currency:



	Second Quarter 2016 Percentage Change in Net Sales vs. Second Quarter 2015
	Volume	Price	Currency	Total
Seeds and Genomics Segment	(3)%	—%	(6)%	(9)%
Agricultural Productivity Segment	(13)%	(10)%	(7)%	(30)%
Total Monsanto Company	(5)%	(2)%	(6)%	(13)%

Cost of goods sold for the total company decreased $224 million, or ten percent, in the three-month comparison. Cost of goods sold as a percent of net sales for the total company increased one percentage point to 43 percent. Our Seeds and Genomics segment cost of goods sold as a percent of net sales remained consistent at 36 percent, and our Agricultural Productivity segment cost of goods sold as a percent of net sales increased 12 percentage points to 76 percent.

The following table represents the percentage increase/(decrease) in second quarter of 2016 worldwide cost of goods sold by segment compared with cost of goods sold in the prior year quarter, including the effects of volume, costs and currency:



	Second Quarter 2016 Percentage Change in Cost of Goods Sold vs. Second Quarter 2015
	Volume	Costs	Currency	Total
Seeds and Genomics Segment	(1)%	—%	(6)%	(7)%
Agricultural Productivity Segment	(8)%	(4)%	(5)%	(17)%
Total Monsanto Company	(3)%	(1)%	(6)%	(10)%

Gross profit decreased $441 million in the three-month comparison. Gross profit as a percent of net sales for the total company decreased one percentage point to 57 percent in the second quarter of 2016. Our Seeds and Genomics segment gross profit as a percent of net sales remained consistent at 64 percent, and our Agricultural Productivity segment gross profit as a percent of net sales decreased 12 percentage points to 24 percent.

For a detailed discussion of the factors affecting net sales, cost of goods sold and gross profit comparison, see the “Seeds and Genomics Segment” and the “Agricultural Productivity Segment” sections.

Operating expenses decreased $84 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2016 compared to the prior year comparable quarter. In the second quarter of 2016, SG&A expenses decreased $61 million, primarily due to currency impacts, and R&D expenses decreased $32 million, primarily due to decreased operational spend. As a percent of net sales, SG&A expenses increased one percentage point to 13 percent and R&D expenses increased one percentage point to eight percent for the second quarter of 2016. Restructuring charges were $9 million in the second quarter of 2016 as a result of the 2015 Restructuring Plan discussed in Note 3 — Restructuring. There were no restructuring charges recognized in the second quarter of 2015.

Other expense (income) — net increased $176 million in the second quarter of 2016. The increase was primarily the result of foreign currency losses largely related to the Argentine peso.

Income tax provision was $350 million in the second quarter of 2016, a decrease of $200 million from the prior year quarter, primarily as a result of the decrease in pretax income and higher discrete tax benefits. We recorded a discrete tax benefit of $53 million in the second quarter of 2016 primarily as a result of adjustments to our U.S. tax returns expected to be filed during the year. The effective tax rate decreased to 25 percent from 28 percent in the second quarter of 2015. Without the impact of discrete tax adjustments, our effective tax rate for the second quarter of 2016 would have been comparable to the second quarter of 2015 rate.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

First Half of Fiscal Year 2016

The following explanations discuss the significant components of our results of operations that affected the six-month comparison of our first half of fiscal years 2016 and 2015 income from continuing operations:

Net sales decreased $1,316 million, or 16 percent, in the first half of 2016 from the same period a year ago. Our Seeds and Genomics segment net sales decreased $583 million, and our Agricultural Productivity segment net sales decreased $733 million.

The following table presents the percentage increase/(decrease) in the first half of 2016 worldwide net sales by segment compared with net sales in the prior year first half, including the effects of volume, price and currency:



	First Half 2016 Percentage Change in Net Sales vs. First Half 2015
	Volume	Price	Currency	Total
Seeds and Genomics Segment	(5)%	2%	(7)%	(10)%
Agricultural Productivity Segment	(15)%	(9)%	(8)%	(32)%
Total Monsanto Company	(7)%	(1)%	(8)%	(16)%

Cost of goods sold decreased $365 million in the first half of 2016 from the same period a year ago. Cost of goods sold as a percent of net sales for the total company increased three percentage points to 48 percent. Our Seeds and Genomics segment cost of goods sold as a percent of net sales increased one percentage point to 39 percent, and our Agricultural Productivity segment cost of goods sold as a percent of net sales increased 15 percentage points to 78 percent.

The following table represents the percentage increase/(decrease) in the first half of 2016 worldwide cost of goods sold by segment compared with cost of goods sold in the first half of prior year, including the effects of volume, costs and currency:



	First Half 2016 Percentage Change in Cost of Goods Sold vs. First Half 2015
	Volume	Costs⁽¹⁾	Currency	Total
Seeds and Genomics Segment	(3)%	5%	(8)%	(6)%
Agricultural Productivity Segment	(13)%	2%	(6)%	(17)%
Total Monsanto Company	(7)%	4%	(7)%	(10)%

⁽¹⁾ Seeds and Genomics Segment includes $52 million of restructuring charges related to discontinued products. See Note 3 — Restructuring — for further information.

Gross profit decreased $951 million in the first half of 2016 from the same period a year ago. Gross profit as a percent of net sales for the total company decreased three percentage points to 52 percent in the first half of 2016. Our Seeds and Genomics segment gross profit as a percent of net sales decreased one percentage point to 61 percent, and our Agricultural Productivity segment gross profit as a percent of net sales decreased 15 percentage points to 22 percent in the first half of 2016.

Operating expenses increased $97 million in the first half of 2016 from the prior year comparable period. In the six-month comparison, SG&A expenses decreased $98 million, primarily due to currency impacts, and R&D expenses decreased $80 million, primarily due to decreased operational spend and currency impacts. As a percent of net sales, SG&A expenses increased two percentage points to 17 percent, and R&D expenses remained consistent at ten percent. Restructuring charges were $275 million in the first half of fiscal year 2016 as a result of the 2015 Restructuring Plan discussed in Note 3 — Restructuring. There were no restructuring charges recognized in the first half of fiscal year 2015.

Other expense — net increased $186 million in the first half of 2016. The increase was primarily the result of foreign currency losses largely related to the Argentine peso.

Income tax provision was $213 million in the first half of 2016, a decrease of $437 million from the prior year comparable period, primarily as a result of the decrease in pretax income and higher discrete tax benefits. We recorded a discrete tax benefit of $41 million in the first half of 2016 primarily as a result of adjustments to our U.S. tax returns expected to be filed during the year. The effective tax rate decreased to 21 percent from 28 percent in the prior year comparable period. Without the impact of

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

discrete tax adjustments, our effective tax rate for the first half of 2016 would have still been lower than the first half of 2015 rate, primarily due to the tax benefit of restructuring charges.

SEEDS AND GENOMICS SEGMENT



	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)	Feb. 29, 2016		Feb. 28, 2015		Increase/ (Decrease)		Feb. 29, 2016		Feb. 28, 2015		Increase/ (Decrease)
Net Sales
Corn seed and traits	$	2,687	$	2,912	(8	)%	$	3,432	$	3,840	(11	)%
Soybean seed and traits	782		883		(11	)%	1,220		1,279		(5	)%
Cotton seed and traits	37		30		23	%	85		113		(25	)%
Vegetable seeds	192		207		(7	)%	330		362		(9	)%
All other crops seeds and traits	119		146		(18	)%	149		205		(27	)%
Total Net Sales	$	3,817	$	4,178	(9	)%	$	5,216	$	5,799	(10	)%
Gross Profit
Corn seed and traits	$	1,721	$	1,877	(8	)%	$	2,087	$	2,402	(13	)%
Soybean seed and traits	527		608		(13	)%	829		885		(6	)%
Cotton seed and traits	18		20		(10	)%	43		78		(45	)%
Vegetable seeds	96		94		2	%	136		158		(14	)%
All other crops seeds and traits	66		78		(15	)%	61		95		(36	)%
Total Gross Profit	$	2,428	$	2,677	(9	)%	$	3,156	$	3,618	(13	)%
EBIT⁽¹⁾	$	1,497	$	1,822	(18	)%	$	1,164	$	1,865	(38	)%


(1)	EBIT is defined as earnings before interest and taxes. Interest and taxes are recorded on a total company basis. We do not record these items at the segment level. See Note 20 — Segment Information and the “Overview — Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section of MD&A for further details.

Seeds and Genomics Financial Performance — Second Quarter Fiscal Year 2016

Net Sales for the Seeds and Genomics segment decreased $361 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2016 compared to the second quarter of fiscal year 2015. The net sales decrease of $225 million in corn seed and traits was primarily driven by unfavorable currency impacts in Brazil and Europe, decreased average net selling price in the United States due to market conditions, and lower volumes in Europe resulting from decreased acres and timing of sales. These decreases were partially offset by increased average net selling prices in Brazil due to improved germplasm and trait mix. The net sales decrease of $101 million in soybean seed and traits was primarily driven by lower volumes in the United States resulting from decreased planted acres and timing of sales related to Roundup Ready XTEND approvals, partially offset by an increased average net selling price in Brazil related to Intacta RR2 PRO.

Cost of goods sold in the Seeds and Genomics segment primarily represents field growing, plant processing and distribution costs. Cost of goods sold decreased $112 million, or seven percent, to $1,389 million in the second quarter of 2016 compared to $1,501 million in the second quarter of 2015. The decrease was primarily the result of currency impacts and lower sales volumes in corn seed and traits as noted in the net sales discussion, partially offset by lower manufacturing utilization.

Gross profit for the Seeds and Genomics segment decreased $249 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2016 compared to the second quarter of fiscal year 2015. Gross profit as a percent of net sales for the segment remained consistent at 64 percent in the second quarter of 2016 compared to the second quarter of 2015.

Seeds and Genomics Financial Performance — First Half Fiscal Year 2016

Net Sales for the Seeds and Genomics segment decreased $583 million in the first half of fiscal year 2016 compared to the first half of fiscal year 2015. The net sales decrease of $408 million in corn seed and traits was primarily driven by unfavorable currency impacts in Brazil and Europe, lower volumes in Europe, Africa, and Mexico due to decreased planted acres and timing of sales, and decreased average net selling price in the United States due to market conditions. The net sales decrease of $59 million in soybean seed and traits was primarily due to unfavorable currency impacts in Brazil and lower volumes in the United States resulting from decreased planted acres and timing of sales related to Roundup Ready XTEND approvals. The net sales decreases in soybean seed and traits were partially offset by an increased average net selling price in Brazil related to increased sales of Intacta RR2 PRO. The net sales decrease of $56 million in all other crops seeds and traits was primarily driven by lower sales volumes of canola seed in Canada as a result of market conditions.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

Cost of goods sold in the Seeds and Genomics segment primarily represents field growing, plant processing and distribution costs. Cost of goods sold decreased $121 million, or six percent, to $2,060 million in the first half of 2016 compared to $2,181 million in the first half of 2015. The decrease was primarily the result of lower sales volumes in corn seed and traits as noted in the net sales discussion and currency impacts, partially offset by and lower manufacturing utilization and restructuring charges related to discontinued products.

Gross profit for the Seeds and Genomics segment decreased $462 million in the first half of fiscal year 2016 compared to the first half of fiscal year 2015. Gross profit as a percent of net sales for the segment decreased one percentage point to 61 percent in the first half of 2016 compared to the first half of 2015, which was primarily driven by corn seed and traits. Gross profit for corn seed and traits decreased by 13 percent compared to the 11 percent decline in net sales due to unfavorable currency impacts, primarily in Brazil, and lower manufacturing utilization in the first half of fiscal year 2016.

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY SEGMENT



	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)	Feb. 29, 2016		Feb. 28, 2015		Increase/ (Decrease)		Feb. 29, 2016		Feb. 28, 2015		Increase/ (Decrease)
Net Sales
Agricultural productivity	$	715	$	1,019	(30	)%	$	1,535	$	2,268	(32	)%
Total Net Sales	$	715	$	1,019	(30	)%	$	1,535	$	2,268	(32	)%
Gross Profit
Agricultural productivity	$	170	$	362	(53	)%	$	343	$	832	(59	)%
Total Gross Profit	$	170	$	362	(53	)%	$	343	$	832	(59	)%
EBIT⁽¹⁾	$	7	$	221	(97	)%	$	66	$	605	(89	)%


(1)	EBIT is defined as earnings before interest and taxes. Interest and taxes are recorded on a total company basis. We do not record these items at the segment level. See Note 20 — Segment Information — and the “Overview — Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section of MD&A for further details.

Agricultural Productivity Financial Performance — Second Quarter Fiscal Year 2016

Net sales in our Agricultural Productivity segment decreased $304 million in the second quarter of 2016 compared to the second quarter of 2015 primarily due to decreased sales of Roundup and other glyphosate-based herbicides. The decreased sales in Roundup and other glyphosate-based herbicides were primarily driven by lower volumes in the United States and our global supply business due to pressure from generic products, lower average net selling price globally due to the decline in acid prices and an unfavorable currency impact in Brazil.

Cost of goods sold in the Agricultural Productivity segment primarily represents material, conversion and distribution costs. Cost of goods sold decreased $112 million, or 17 percent, in the second quarter of 2016 to $545 million compared to $657 million in the second quarter of 2015. Roundup and other glyphosate-based herbicides cost of goods sold declined as a result of lower sales volumes, currency impacts and lower raw material prices when compared to the second quarter of 2015.

The net sales and cost of goods sold discussed above resulted in $192 million lower gross profit in the second quarter of 2016 compared to the second quarter of 2015. Gross profit as a percent of net sales for the Agricultural Productivity segment decreased 12 percentage points to 24 percent in the second quarter of 2016 compared to 36 percent in the second quarter of 2015. This decrease is primarily due to the lower average net selling price and unfavorable currency impacts as noted in the net sales discussion.

Agricultural Productivity Financial Performance — First Half Fiscal Year 2016

Net sales in our Agricultural Productivity segment decreased $733 million in the first half of 2016 compared to the first half of 2015 primarily due to decreased sales of Roundup and other glyphosate-based herbicides. The decreased sales in Roundup and other glyphosate-based herbicides were primarily driven by lower volumes in South America, the United States, and our global supply business due to pressure from generic products and timing of shipments, lower average net selling price globally due to the decline in acid prices and unfavorable currency impact in Brazil.

Cost of goods sold in the Agricultural Productivity segment primarily represents material, conversion and distribution costs. Cost of goods sold decreased $244 million, or 17 percent, in the first half of 2016 to $1,192 million compared to $1,436 million

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

in the first half of 2015. Roundup and other glyphosate-based herbicides cost of goods sold declined as a result of lower sales volumes, currency impacts and lower raw material prices when compared to the first half of 2015.

The net sales and cost of goods sold discussed above resulted in $489 million lower gross profit in the first half of 2016 compared to the first half of 2015. Gross profit as a percent of net sales for the Agricultural Productivity segment decreased 15 percentage points to 22 percent in the first half of 2016 compared to 37 percent in the first half of 2015. This decrease is primarily due to the lower average net selling price and unfavorable currency impacts as noted in the net sales discussion.

RESTRUCTURING

In the six months ended Feb. 29, 2016, pretax restructuring charges of $327 million were recorded. For additional information on the 2015 Restructuring Plan, see Item I — Financial Statements — Note 3 — Restructuring.

FINANCIAL CONDITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES



Working Capital and Financial Condition
	As of
(Dollars in millions, except current ratio)	Feb. 29, 2016		Feb. 28, 2015		Aug. 31, 2015
Cash and Cash Equivalents⁽¹⁾	$	1,050	$	2,732	$	3,701
Trade Receivables, Net⁽¹⁾	1,828		2,357		1,636
Inventory, Net	3,704		3,978		3,496
Other Current Assets⁽²⁾	1,901		1,632		1,792
Total Current Assets	$	8,483	$	10,699	$	10,625
Short-Term Debt, including current portion of long-term debt⁽¹⁾	$	1,083	$	346	$	615
Accounts Payable⁽¹⁾	635		785		836
Accrued Liabilities⁽¹⁾⁽³⁾	4,221		4,341		3,726
Total Current Liabilities	$	5,939	$	5,472	$	5,177
Working Capital⁽⁴⁾	$	2,544	$	5,227	$	5,448
Current Ratio⁽⁴⁾	1.43:1		1.96:1		2.05:1


(1)	May include restrictions as a result of variable interest entities. See the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position and Note 5 — Variable Interest Entities and Cost Basis Investments — for more information.


(2)	Includes short-term investments, miscellaneous receivables, deferred tax assets and other current assets.


(3)	Includes income taxes payable, accrued compensation and benefits, accrued marketing programs, deferred revenues, grower production accruals, dividends payable, customer payable, miscellaneous short-term accruals and restructuring reserves.


(4)	Working capital is total current assets less total current liabilities; current ratio represents total current assets divided by total current liabilities.

Feb. 29, 2016, compared with Aug. 31, 2015: Working capital decreased $2,904 million, or 53 percent, between Aug. 31, 2015, and Feb. 29, 2016, primarily because of the following factors:


•	Cash and cash equivalents decreased $2,651 million between respective periods primarily due to treasury share purchases and dividend payments made during the six-month period, partially offset by cash receipts from customers.


•	Short-term debt, including the current portion of long-term debt increased $468 million primarily due to the reclassification of $400 million floating rate Senior Notes due in November 2016 from long-term to short-term.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q


•	Accrued liabilities increased $495 million between respective periods due to the following fluctuations:


◦	Deferred revenues increased $791 million due to customer prepayments that occurred in the first half of 2016 on which we have yet to deliver, primarily in the United States.


◦	Grower production accruals increased $158 million due to corn and soybean production receipts not yet paid.


◦	Restructuring reserves increased $73 million due to severance costs recognized in the first half of fiscal year 2016, partially offset by severance payments made.

These increases in accrued liabilities were offset primarily by the following factors:


◦	Accrued compensation and benefits decreased $114 million between respective periods due to the payment of annual employee incentive awards related to the prior fiscal year, partially offset by current year incentive accruals.


◦	Accrued marketing programs decreased $273 million between respective periods primarily due to payments made on fiscal year 2015 programs, partially offset by accruals for fiscal year 2016 programs.


◦	Miscellaneous short-term accruals decreased $108 million between respective periods primarily due to the payment to settle the SEC investigation and foreign currency devaluation.

These decreases to working capital between Feb. 29, 2016, and Aug. 31, 2015, were partially offset by the following factors:


•	Trade receivables, net increased $192 million between respective periods primarily due to the seasonality of our business.

•

Inventory increased $208 million between respective periods primarily because of the seasonality of our U.S. corn and soybean seed businesses in which the fall harvest of seed products occurs in the first half of the fiscal year, and lower crop protection sales in the first half of fiscal year 2016. These factors were partially offset by currency devaluations during the first half of fiscal year 2016.


•	Other current assets increased $109 million between respective periods primarily due to an increase in other current assets for the classification of assets held for sale related to the sale of the Precision Planting equipment business, partially offset by a decrease in miscellaneous receivables resulting from currency devaluations.


•	Accounts payable decreased $201 million between respective periods primarily due to timing of payments and cost savings initiatives resulting in decreased spending.

Feb. 29, 2016, compared with Feb. 28, 2015: Working capital decreased $2,683 million between Feb. 28, 2015, and Feb. 29, 2016, primarily because of the following factors:


•	Cash and cash equivalents decreased $1,682 million between respective periods primarily due to treasury share repurchases and foreign currency devaluation, offset by cash from operations and proceeds from the $800 million debt issuance in April 2015.


•	Trade receivables, net decreased $529 million between respective periods primarily due to lower sales.


•	Inventory, net decreased $274 million primarily because of lower global production plans for corn seeds and crop protection.


•	Short-term debt increased $737 million between respective periods due to the reclassification of $300 million 2.75% Senior Notes and $400 million floating rate Senior Notes from long-term to short-term as of Feb. 29, 2016.

These decreases to working capital between Feb. 29, 2016, and Feb. 28, 2015, were offset by the following factors:


•	Other current assets increased $269 million between respective periods primarily due to the following fluctuations:


◦	Deferred tax assets increased $108 million between respective periods primarily due to an increase in restructuring charges that are not currently deductible for tax.


◦	Other current assets increased $161 million primarily due to the classification of assets held for sale related to the sale of the Precision Planting equipment business.


•	Accounts payable decreased $150 million between respective periods due to timing of payments and cost savings initiatives resulting in decreased spending.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q


•	Accrued liabilities decreased $120 million between respective periods due to the following fluctuations:


◦	Income taxes payable decreased $253 million primarily due to lower pretax income.


◦	Miscellaneous short-term accruals decreased $108 million between respective periods primarily due to the settlement of hedging transactions.


◦	Accrued compensation and benefits decreased $51 million between respective periods due to lower current year incentive accruals.


◦	Accrued marketing programs decreased $44 million between respective periods primarily due to lower sales in the first half of fiscal year 2016.

These increases in accrued liabilities were offset primarily by the following factors:


◦	Deferred revenues increased $120 million between respective periods due to a delay in timing of sales in the United States related to Roundup Ready XTEND approvals.


◦	Restructuring reserves increased $243 million as a result of the 2015 Restructuring Plan.

Customer Financing Programs: We participate in various customer financing programs in an effort to reduce our receivables risk and to reduce our reliance on commercial paper borrowings. As of Feb. 29, 2016, the programs had $65 million in outstanding balances, and we received $48 million of proceeds during the first six months of fiscal year 2016 under these programs. Our future maximum payout under the programs, including our responsibility for our guarantees with lenders, was $65 million as of Feb. 29, 2016. See Note 4 — Customer Financing Programs — for further discussion of these programs.

Cash Flow



	Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)	Feb. 29, 2016			Feb. 28, 2015
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	$	1,389		$	1,518
Net Cash Required by Investing Activities	(483		)	(532		)
Free Cash Flow⁽¹⁾	906			986
Net Cash Required by Financing Activities	(3,502		)	(406		)
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents	(55		)	(215		)
Net (Decrease) Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents	(2,651		)	365
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period	3,701			2,367
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period	$	1,050		$	2,732


(1)	Free cash flow represents the total of net cash provided or required by operating activities and provided or required by investing activities (see the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section in Overview of MD&A for a further discussion).

Operating: The decrease in cash provided by continuing operations in the first six months of 2016 compared to the first six months of 2015 was primarily due to lower net income, increased tax payments and lower customer payments in the first six months of 2016. These factors were partially offset by lower operational spend, decreased inventory production plans and decreased grower payments in the first six months of 2016.

Investing: The slight decrease in cash required by investing activities in the first six months of 2016 compared to the first six months of 2015 was primarily due to purchases of long-term debt and equity securities in the first six months of 2015 that did not exist in the first six months of 2016. Cash required by investing activities primarily consisted of capital expenditures in the first six months of 2016.

Financing: The increase in cash required by financing activities in the first six months of 2016 compared to the first six months of 2015 was due to treasury stock purchases related to the $3 billion ASR agreements and short-term debt reductions during the first six months of 2016.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

Capital Resources and Liquidity



	As of						As of Aug. 31,
(Dollars in millions, except debt-to-capital ratio)	Feb. 29, 2016			Feb. 28, 2015			2015
Short-Term Debt	$	1,083		$	346		$	615
Long-Term Debt	7,945			7,894			8,429
Total Monsanto Company Shareowners’ Equity	4,152			7,659			6,990
Debt-to-Capital Ratio⁽¹⁾	68		%	52		%	56		%


(1)	Debt-to-Capital ratio represents short-term and long-term debt divided by total Monsanto Company shareowners' equity, short-term and long-term debt.

A major source of our liquidity is operating cash flows, which can be derived from net income. This cash-generating capability and access to long-term investment grade debt financing markets provides us with the financial flexibility we need to meet operating, investing and financing needs. We believe our sources of liquidity will be sufficient to sustain operations and to finance anticipated investments. To the extent that cash provided by operating activities is not sufficient to fund our cash needs, we believe short-term commercial paper borrowings can be used to finance these requirements. We had commercial paper borrowings of $200 million outstanding as of Feb. 29, 2016.

Share Repurchases: On Oct. 9, 2015, we entered into uncollared ASR agreements with each of Citibank, N.A. ("Citi") and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. ("JPMorgan"), which settled in January 2016. In accordance with the terms of the agreements, an additional 3.8 million shares were received upon final settlement in the second quarter of fiscal year 2016 for a total of 32.2 million shares of Monsanto common stock repurchased at an aggregate cost to Monsanto of $3.0 billion. The ASR agreements were entered into pursuant to the share repurchase authorization announced June 2014.

In June 2014, the company announced a two-year repurchase authorization of up to $10 billion of the company's common stock. As of Feb. 29, 2016, we had approximately $1.1 billion remaining under the June 2014 share repurchase authorization. We would expect to incur additional long-term and short-term debt, in addition to our cash resources, to fund the share repurchases and for other general corporate purposes. The timing and number of shares purchased in the future under the repurchase authorization, if any, depends upon capital needs, market conditions and other factors.

We have a $3.0 billion credit facility agreement with a group of banks that provides a senior unsecured revolving credit facility through Mar. 27, 2020. As of Feb. 29, 2016, we did not have any borrowings under this credit facility and we were in compliance with all debt covenants.

As of Feb. 29, 2016, our debt-to-capital ratio was 68 percent compared with 56 percent at Aug. 31, 2015, and 52 percent at Feb. 28, 2015. The 12 percentage point increase from Aug. 31, 2015, was primarily due to a decrease in shareowners' equity resulting from the $3 billion ASR agreements executed in fiscal year 2016. The 16 percentage point increase from Feb. 28, 2015, was driven by a decrease in shareowners' equity resulting from treasury stock purchases and an increase in long-term debt due to the $800 million debt issuance in April 2015, partially offset by an increase in shareowners' equity as a result of earnings.

We held cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments of $1,062 and $3,748 million as of Feb. 29, 2016, and Aug. 31, 2015, respectively, of which $875 million and $1.0 billion was held by foreign entities, respectively. Our intent is to indefinitely reinvest approximately $4.7 billion of the $4.9 billion of undistributed earnings of our foreign operations that existed as of Aug. 31, 2015. It is not practicable to estimate the income tax liability that might be incurred if such indefinitely reinvested earnings were remitted to the United States.

Dividends: In the first half of fiscal year 2016, we declared the following dividends:



Quarter Ending	Declaration Date	Dividend	Payable Date	To Shareowners of Record as of:
Feb. 29, 2016	Jan. 29, 2016	54 cents	April 29, 2016	April 8, 2016
Feb. 29, 2016	Dec. 7, 2015	54 cents	Jan. 29, 2016	Jan. 8, 2016

Capital Expenditures: We expect fiscal year 2016 cash required by investing to be $800 million to $1.0 billion, with the capital expenditures component primarily allocated towards the seeds and genomics segment and growth platforms.

Pension Contributions: In March 2016, we contributed $30 million to our U.S. qualified plan. We expect to contribute an additional $30 million to our U.S. qualified plan in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2016.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

2016 Disposal: On Nov. 2, 2015, we signed definitive agreements with Deere & Company ("Deere") to sell the Precision Planting equipment business and to enable exclusive third-party near real-time data connectivity between certain John Deere farm equipment and the Climate FieldView platform. Deere, based in Moline, IL, will acquire Precision Planting, while Climate will retain the digital agriculture portfolio that has been integrated into the Climate FieldView platform. The agreements will provide customers with the option to share their agronomic data between the John Deere Operations Center and the Climate FieldView platform and execute agronomic prescriptions with John Deere equipment. Closing is expected to occur in fiscal year 2016 and remains subject to customary closing conditions, including regulatory approvals.

2016 Contractual Obligations: There have been no significant changes to the contractual obligations table as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended Aug. 31, 2015.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Under our Separation Agreement with Pharmacia, we are required to indemnify Pharmacia for certain matters, such as environmental remediation obligations and litigation. To the extent we are currently managing any such matters, we evaluate them in the course of managing our own potential liabilities and establish reserves as appropriate. However, additional matters may arise in the future, and we may manage, settle or pay judgments or damages with respect to those matters in order to mitigate contingent liability and protect Pharmacia and Monsanto. See Note 19 — Commitments and Contingencies and Part II — Item 1 — Legal Proceedings — for further information.

We have entered into various customer financing programs which are accounted for in accordance with the Transfers and Servicing topic of the ASC. See Note 4 — Customer Financing Programs — for further information.

We are in the process of making a significant expansion of our Chesterfield, Missouri, facility. In December 2013, we executed the first of a series of incentive agreements with the County of St. Louis, Missouri. Under these agreements we have transferred our Chesterfield, Missouri, facility to St. Louis County and received Industrial Revenue Bonds in the amount of up to $470 million, which enables us to reduce our cost of constructing and operating the expansion by reducing certain state and local tax expenditures. We immediately leased the facility from the County of St. Louis and have an option to purchase the facility upon tendering the Industrial Revenue Bonds we received to the County. The payments due to us in relation to the Industrial Revenue Bonds and owed by us in relation to the lease of the facilities qualify for the right of offset under ASC 210, Balance Sheet, in our Statements of Consolidated Financial Position. As such, neither the Industrial Revenue Bonds nor the lease obligation are recorded in the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position as an asset or liability, respectively. The Chesterfield facilities and the expansion are being treated as being owned by Monsanto.

OUTLOOK

We believe we have achieved an industry-leading position in the areas in which we compete in both of our business segments. However, the outlook for each part of our businesses is quite different. In the Seeds and Genomics segment, our seeds and traits business is expected to expand via our investment in new products. In the Agricultural Productivity segment, we expect to continue to deliver competitive products that support our Seeds and Genomics segment.

We believe that our company is positioned to deliver value-added products to growers enabling us to grow our gross profit in the future. We expect to see strong cash flow in the future, and we remain committed to returning value to shareowners through vehicles such as share repurchases, investments that expand the business and dividends. We will remain focused on cost and cash management, both to support the progress we have made in managing our investment in working capital and to realize the full earnings potential of our businesses. We are in the process of executing our plan to reduce operational spending through fiscal year 2018. We plan to continue to seek additional external financing opportunities for our customers as a way to manage receivables for each of our segments.

In the United States, we expect to incur significantly higher interest costs due to increased debt levels. We will continue to evaluate options for returning value to shareowners, including the possibility of continued dividend increases and additional share repurchases, subject to market conditions, business needs and other factors.

Outside of the United States, our businesses will continue to face challenges related to the risks inherent in operating in international markets. We will continue to consider, assess and address these developments and the challenges and issues they place on our businesses. We believe we have taken appropriate measures to manage our credit exposure, which has the potential to affect sales negatively in the near term. In addition, volatility in foreign currency exchange rates may negatively affect our profitability, the book value of our assets outside the United States, and our shareowners’ equity. We continuously monitor the potential for currency devaluation in Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela and Ukraine, including changes to exchange rate mechanisms or structures, and the potential impact on future periods. Subsequent to the recent currency devaluations in Argentina and Venezuela, we continue to monitor the economic situations and the impact of currency volatility on earnings.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

Seeds and Genomics

Our capabilities in plant breeding and biotechnology research and development are generating a rich and balanced product pipeline that we expect will drive long-term growth. We plan to continue to invest in the areas of seeds, genomics, biotechnology, digital agriculture and biologicals and to invest in technology arrangements that have the potential to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of our R&D efforts. We believe that our seeds and traits businesses will have near-term growth opportunities through a combination of improved breeding, continued growth of stacked biotech traits and expansion in established and emerging markets.

We expect advanced breeding techniques combined with improved production practices and capital investments will continue to contribute to improved germplasm quality and yields for our seed offerings, leading to increased global demand for both our branded germplasm and our licensed germplasm. Our vegetable seeds business, which has a portfolio focused on 21 crops, is expected to continue to develop and deliver new innovative products to our customer base as we continue to focus on our breeding investments and process optimization. We expect to see continued competition in seeds and genomics. We believe we will maintain a competitive advantage because of our global breeding capabilities and our multiple-channel sales approach in the United States for corn and soybean seeds.

Commercialization of second- and third-generation traits and the stacking of multiple traits in corn, soy and cotton are expected to increase penetration in approved markets, particularly as we continue to price our traits in line with the value growers have experienced. We continue to experience an increase in competition in biotechnology as more competitors launch traits in the United States and internationally. Acquisitions may also present mid-to-longer term opportunities to increase penetration of our traits.

In South America, we expect to operate our business model of collecting on the sale of certified seeds, a point-of-delivery payment system (Intacta RR2 PRO soybeans) and our indemnification collection system (Bollgard cotton), to capture value on Intacta RR2 PRO soybeans and Bollgard cotton crops grown there. To achieve this, we are pursuing grower and grain handler agreements to help ensure we will be compensated for providing the technology. The system has been operating in Brazil for many years, and nearly all of the grain handlers have enrolled in the point-of-delivery system. The system is being rolled out in Argentina in connection with Intacta RR2 PRO and nearly all of the exporting grain handlers have enrolled, and we are enrolling additional local elevators. Intacta RR2 PRO technology has been fully approved by Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and key export markets, and we are currently selling that technology in Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. We intend to expand the number of soybean varieties available in South America containing the Intacta RR2 PRO technology. Following an adverse ruling from a panel of five judges in the Brazilian Superior Court of Justice denying our term correction for the first generation Roundup Ready patent term to 2014, we deferred collection of royalties for first generation Roundup Ready soybeans in Brazil until a final decision is reached by the courts. The Supreme Court of Brazil has granted certiorari of the patent term correction case. We do not plan to collect on first generation Roundup Ready soybeans in Argentina.

Our international traits businesses, in particular, are likely to continue to face unpredictable regulatory environments that may be highly politicized. We operate in volatile, and often difficult, economic and political environments. Longer term, income is expected to grow in South America as farmers choose to plant more of our approved traits in soybeans, corn and cotton. The agricultural economy in Brazil and Argentina could be impacted by global commodity prices, particularly for corn and soybeans. We continue to maintain our strict credit policy, expand our grain-based collection system and focus on cash collection and sales, as part of a continuous effort to manage our risk in Brazil and Argentina against such volatility. India's cotton germplasm and traits business could be significantly impacted by government controlled pricing and uncertainties in the regulatory approval process for new trait introductions.

Agricultural Productivity

Our Agricultural Productivity businesses operate in markets that are competitive. Gross profit and cash flow levels will fluctuate in the future based on global business dynamics including market supply, demand and manufacturing capacity. We expect to maintain our branded prices at a slight premium over generic products, and we believe our Roundup herbicide business will continue to be a sustainable source of cash and gross profit. Monsanto’s crop protection business focus is to support strategically Monsanto’s Roundup Ready crops through our weed management platform that delivers weed control offerings for farmers. We are evaluating additional investments related to our pending Roundup Ready XTEND crop system which could include capital expenditures to construct a manufacturing facility in Luling, Louisiana. In addition, we expect our lawn-and-garden business will continue to be a solid contributor to our Agricultural Productivity segment.

Global glyphosate producers have the capacity to supply the market, but global dynamics including demand, environmental regulation compliance and raw material availability can cause fluctuations in supply and price of those generic products. We expect the fluctuation in global capacity will impact the selling prices and margins of Roundup brands and our third party sourcing opportunities.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

As announced on Feb. 9, 2016, Monsanto reached an agreement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) fully resolving the previously disclosed SEC investigation into the financial reporting of customer incentive programs for glyphosate products in fiscal years 2009, 2010 and 2011. In agreeing to the settlement, Monsanto neither admitted nor denied the SEC’s allegations that the company violated certain provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Monsanto agreed to pay an $80 million civil penalty to resolve the investigation, which was fully reserved for and previously disclosed in the company’s financial statements for fiscal year 2015. Monsanto also has retained a consultant to review the company’s financial reporting of the customer incentive programs for its crop protection business. In connection with the settlement, Monsanto’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Hugh Grant and former Chief Financial Officer, Carl M. Casale, reimbursed the company for cash incentives and certain stock awards that they received in fiscal years 2009 and 2010.

Other Information

As discussed in Note 19 — Commitments and Contingencies — and Part II — Item 1 — Legal Proceedings, Monsanto is involved in a number of lawsuits and claims relating to a variety of issues, including lawsuits that relate to intellectual property disputes. We expect that such disputes will continue to occur as the agricultural biotechnology industry evolves. Third parties, including non-governmental organizations, have challenged the validity or enforceability of patents issued to the company regarding our biotechnology products. For additional information related to the outlook for Monsanto, see “Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” at the beginning of this Report on Form 10-Q, Part II — Item 1A — Risk Factors below and Part I — Item 1A of our Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended Aug. 31, 2015.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

In preparing our consolidated financial statements, we must select and apply various accounting policies. Our most significant policies are described in Part II — Item 8 — Note 2 — Significant Accounting Policies — to the consolidated financial statements contained in our Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended Aug. 31, 2015, except for the update to our policy on Promotional, Advertising and Customer Incentive Program Costs described in Note 1 — Background and Basis of Presentation. In order to apply our accounting policies, we often need to make estimates based on judgments about future events. In making such estimates, we rely on historical experience, market and other conditions, and on assumptions that we believe to be reasonable. However, the estimation process is by its nature uncertain given that estimates depend on events over which we may not have control. If market and other conditions change from those that we anticipate, our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity may be affected materially. In addition, if our assumptions change, we may need to revise our estimates or take other corrective actions, either of which may have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

The estimates that have an inherently higher degree of uncertainty and require our most significant judgments are outlined in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in our Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ended Aug. 31, 2015. Had we used estimates different from any of those contained in such Report on Form 10-K, our financial condition, profitability or liquidity for the current period could have been materially different from those presented in this Form 10-Q.



ITEM 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

There are no material changes related to market risk from the disclosures in Monsanto’s Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended Aug. 31, 2015.



ITEM 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of Feb. 29, 2016. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

Based upon the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of Feb. 29, 2016.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the company's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION



ITEM 1.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are involved in various legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business, as well as proceedings that we have considered to be material under SEC regulations. These include proceedings to which we are party in our own name and proceedings to which our former parent Pharmacia LLC, or its former subsidiary Solutia, Inc., is a party but that we manage and for which we are responsible pursuant to certain indemnification agreements. Information regarding certain material proceedings and the possible effects on our business of proceedings we are defending is disclosed in Note 19 — Commitments and Contingencies — under the subheading “Environmental and Litigation Liabilities ” and is incorporated by reference herein. Other information with respect to legal proceedings appears in our Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended Aug. 31, 2015.



ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS

Please see “Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” at the beginning of this Report on Form 10-Q and Part I — Item 1A of our Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended Aug. 31, 2015, for information regarding risk factors. There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our Report on Form 10-K.



ITEM 2.	UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table is a summary of any purchases of equity securities during the second quarter of fiscal year 2016 by Monsanto and any affiliated purchasers, pursuant to SEC rules.



Period	(a) Total Number of Shares Purchased		(b) Average Price Paid per Share⁽¹⁾		(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		(d) Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
December 2015:
Dec. 1, 2015, through Dec. 31, 2015	33	⁽²⁾	$	98.52	—		$	1,057,358,821
January 2016:
Jan. 1, 2016, through Jan. 31, 2016	3,764,830	⁽²⁾	$	93.19	3,764,797	⁽³⁾	$	1,057,358,821
February 2016:
Feb. 1, 2016, through Feb. 29, 2016	33	⁽²⁾	$	90.00	—		$	1,057,358,821
Total	3,764,896		$	93.19	3,764,797		$	1,057,358,821


(1)	The average price paid per share is calculated on a trade date basis and excludes commission.


(2)	Includes 33 shares withheld for taxes on restricted stock.


(3)	Includes 3.8 million shares received upon final settlement of the Oct. 9, 2015, accelerated share repurchase agreements. See Note 15 - Capital Stock.

In June 2014, the company announced a two-year share repurchase authorization of up to $10 billion of the company's common stock. Purchases under the authorization commenced on July 1, 2014. There were no other publicly announced plans outstanding as of Feb. 29, 2016. The timing and number of shares purchased in the future under the repurchase authorization, if any, depends upon capital needs, market conditions and other factors.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q



ITEM 5.	OTHER INFORMATION

On January 11, 2016, the Board of Directors of Monsanto Company approved and adopted an amendment and restatement (the “Amendment”) of Section 8A of the Company’s Bylaws to amend the Company’s “proxy access” provision that permits eligible shareowners to have their own director nominees included in the Company’s proxy materials. The Amendment eliminates certain restrictions and conditions on use of the proxy access provision by eligible shareowners of the Company. Pursuant to the proxy access provision, a shareowner or a group of no more than 20 shareowners, who has maintained continuous qualifying ownership of at least three percent of the Company’s outstanding common stock for at least three years and has complied with the other requirements set forth in the Bylaws, may include a specified number of director nominees in the Company’s proxy materials for an annual meeting of shareowners.



ITEM 6.	EXHIBITS

Exhibits: The list of exhibits in the Exhibit Index to this Report is incorporated herein by reference.

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



	MONSANTO COMPANY
	(Registrant)

By:	/s/ NICOLE M. RINGENBERG
	Nicole M. Ringenberg
	Vice President and Controller
	(On behalf of the Registrant and as Principal Accounting Officer)

Date: April 7, 2016

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MONSANTO COMPANY		SECOND QUARTER 2016 FORM 10-Q

EXHIBIT INDEX

These Exhibits are numbered in accordance with the Exhibit Table of Item 601 of Regulation S-K.



Exhibit No.	Description
2	Omitted
3	Monsanto Company Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended effective January 11, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2(i) of Form 8-K, filed January 11, 2016, File No. 1-16167).
4	Omitted
10.1	Annual Incentive Program for Certain Executive Officers (incorporated by reference to the description appearing under the sub-heading “Proxy Item No. 4: Approval of Performance Goals Under the Monsanto Company Code Section §162(m) Annual Incentive Plan for Covered Executives” on pages 84-85 of the Proxy Statement filed Dec. 10, 2015, File No. 1-16167).†
10.2	Amendment No. 6 to the Monsanto Company ERISA Parity Savings and Investment Plan (as amended and restated as of December 31, 2008 and subsequently amended through June 11, 2012).†
11	Omitted — see Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Earnings Per Share.
12	Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges.
15	Omitted
18	Omitted
19	Omitted
22	Omitted
23	Omitted
24	Omitted
31.1	Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications (pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, executed by the Chief Executive Officer).
31.2	Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications (pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, executed by the Chief Financial Officer).
32	Rule 13a-14(b) Certifications (pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, executed by the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer).
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.


† Represents management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.